第08讲 选择性必修二Unit2提前预习-【暑假自学课】2022年新高二英语暑假精品课（译林版2020选择性必修第二册）

这是一份第08讲 选择性必修二Unit2提前预习-【暑假自学课】2022年新高二英语暑假精品课（译林版2020选择性必修第二册），文件包含第08讲选择性必修二Unit2提前预习解析版-暑假自学课2022年新高二英语暑假精品课译林版2020选择性必修第二册docx、第08讲选择性必修二Unit2提前预习原卷版-暑假自学课2022年新高二英语暑假精品课译林版2020选择性必修第二册docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共26页， 欢迎下载使用。
1．预习选择性必修二Unit2的基础知识点（词汇+短语）
2．预习选择性必修二Unit2的语法知识点（过去进行时和过去完成时的被动语态）
针对这部分内容的难点进行点对点的讲解和练习
【基础知识】
【选择性必修二Unit2词汇拓展】
slidarity n. 团结，齐心协力，团结一致，休戚相关
slidarity with sb 与某人团结一致
Supprters want t march tmrrw t shw slidarity with their leaders.
BCE( befre cmmn era/befre the Christian Era ) 公元前
Naturally, they supprted the Maccabees during the uprising f 165 BCE.
participate vi. 参加，参与 (participant n.参加者，参与者 n. participatin 参加 )
Everyne in the class is expected t participate in the discussin.
Yu are expected t be an active participant.
The term industrial demcracy' is ften used as a synnym fr wrker participatin.
cmpete vi. 参加比赛，竞争，比赛，角逐，对抗
(cmpetitin n. 竞争，比赛，角逐 cmpetitr n. 竞争者，比赛者，角逐者 )
(cmpetitive adj. 有竞争力的，好竞争的，有雄心的，竞争的，竞争性的，敌对的)
Scientists nw have t cmpete fr funding, and d nt share infrmatin amng themselves.
He's hping t cmpete in the Lndn marathn.
racial adj. 种族的，人种的，民族的，种族间的
racial discriminatin 种族歧视
This hatred was generated by racial prejudice.
diverse adj. 各种各样的，五花八门的，不同的，相异的
(diversity n. 多样性，多元化，差异性，不同)
a diversity f ... 各种各样的…...
Her interests are very diverse.
jint n. 关节，结合处，接头，接缝 adj. 共同的，联合的，合资的
They are jint wners f the bar.
mtivate vt. 激发，激励，驱使，成为的动机，给与动机
(mtivatin n. 动力，积极性，成功的决心，动机，激励)
He is just sitting there ding nthing. He needs t be mtivated.
prceed vi. 接着做，继而做，(尤指停止后)继续行进，前进，进行，从事，起诉
prceed t d sth 继续做某事；接着做某事
prceed with sth 继续进行某事
prceed against sb 起诉某人
After everyne was seated the chairman prceeded t annunce his plan.
He als gave me sund advice n hw t prceed with my inquiries.
flame n. 火焰，火舌，烈焰，情人 vi. 燃烧，发出火光，(人)激动 vt. 用火烧，用火照亮
Her face flamed with excitement.
applaud vt. & vi. 赞同，认可，称赞，赞扬，鼓掌
applaud sb fr sth 因某事而赞同某人
He started t applaud and the thers jined in.
cnsistent adj. 前后一致的，始终如一的，连续的，稳定的，平稳的
Be cnsistent with ... 与…...一致；与…...相符
Yur cnduct is nt cnsistent with what yu say.
Our aim is t ensure a cnsistent grwth.
call n sb t d sth 正式邀请某人做某事，请求某人做某事
The teacher calls n the students t pay attentin t after-schl activities.
trend n. 趋势，趋向，动向，走向，时髦，时尚
The event changed the trend f public pinin.
The muntains have a western trend.
hurdle n. 栏架，障碍，难关，押犯人赴刑场的囚笼
vt. 越过，跳过 vi. 跨过栏架，越过障碍 (hurdles 跨栏赛)
If yu have a jb already, cngratulatins, yu've made it ver the first hurdle.
advent n. 到来，出现，来临，光临，问世
With the advent f spring, everything cmes t life again.
faith n. 信心，信任，宗教信仰
have faith in sb 信任某人
I still have faith in Jhn despite his shrtcmings.
ambitin n. 追求的目标，夙愿，野心，雄心，壮举，梦想，理想，志向，抱负
He is full f ambitin.
ascend vi. & vt. 攀登，登上，登高，上升，升高
ascend t... 升迁到…...，升职为…...，提升到…...，改进到…...，升华为…...
It is easier t descend than t ascend.
A small party is planning t ascend Munt Everest.
amateur n. 业余爱好者，业余运动员，外行，生手
adj. 业余的，外行的，不熟练的
A fellw jurnalist nce tld me that if yu are nt writing every day, then yu are an amateur.
gradually adv. 渐渐地，逐步地，逐渐地
His interest in this subject gradually decreases.
limit n. 限额， 限度，限制，限量，数列的极限，界限
vt. 限制，限定，限量，减少
I'll help as much as I can, but there is a limit t what I can d.
walk n air 欢天喜地，得意洋洋，飘飘然
He walked n air fr getting a high mark.
Knwing that I wuld be prmted t be directr f marketing, I felt like walking n air.
keep ... in perspective 正确客观地看待
When asked why the experiment failed, we kept the issue in perspective.
ppnent n. 对手，反对者，敌手，竞争者 adj. 反对的，敌对的
I tried t cmfrt him after he was defeated by his ppnent.
He kncked dwn his ppnent with a pwerful left.
dignity n. 尊贵，尊严，自尊，高贵
He entered the rm with dignity.
mve the galpsts 改变条件或规则
Certain Eurpean natins are trying t mve the galpsts s that sme f their Eastern neighbrs will find it easier t jin the EU.
scre an wn gal 进乌龙球，无意中做让自己吃亏的事
If smene makes a bad mistake which unintentinally harms their wn interests, they are said t have scred an wn gal.
unintentinally adv. 无意地，非故意地，偶然地，非存心地
Philip Gingerich had unintentinally taken up this challenge in the mid-1970s.
thrw sb a curveball 给某人出难题，出其不意地刁难某人
The wrkers cmplained that their bss threw them a curveball.
fist n. 拳，拳头，一把 vt. 用拳打
shake yur fist at sb 对某人挥拳以示愤怒
handle vt. 应付，处理，触，碰，控制，管理，支配，操纵 n. 柄，把手，拉手
fly ff the handle 勃然大怒，大发雷霆
He knws hw t handle the machine.
belw the belt 不公正，不正当，伤人的
If smene makes an unfair and cruel remark, we can describe it as belw the belt.
cruel adj. 残忍的，冷酷的，残暴的，恶意的，刻意伤人的，使人痛苦的
be cruel t sb 对某人残忍
We shuldn't be cruel t animals.
remark n. 评论；议论，谈论，言论 vi. & vt. 评论，说起，谈到，注意到
make a remark 发表评论
The teacher asked the students t make a remark n this page.
twel n. 毛巾，茶巾，擦干餐具等用的拭布，擦碗巾，纸巾 vt. 用毛巾擦拭，用毛巾擦干
thrw in the twel 认输，承认失败
literally adv. 逐字地，按照字面上地，不夸张地，正确地，真实地，简直
He translated this article literally.
in praise f... 表彰，表扬
In praise f his actin in the activity, the cmmittee decided t award him the first prize.
类似短语识记：
in hnr f..., in defence f..., in favr f..., in celebratin f..., in hpe f..., in memry f..., in search f...
【选择性必修二Unit2重点短语】
in the hpe f 带着……的希望
participate in 积极参加
die ut 灭绝
bring…back t life 使…重获新生
make jint effrts 共同努力
be mtivated by 被…所激励
in the prcess 在过程中
prceed t 继续，接着从事…
as if 好像，似乎
give birth t 生下（孩子）
call n sb. t邀请、号召、请求某人做某事
in additin t 除…以外
histric mment 历史性时刻
a wide range f 各种各样的
the majrity f 大多数
be identical t 与…完全相同
reflect n 反思
lack f 缺乏
get thrugh 通过，完成，熬过困难时期，接通电话
take ne’s place 取代，就位，就座
walk n air 得意洋洋
be lst in 沉浸在，迷失在…中
keep sth. in perspective 正确而客观地看待
in praise f 表彰，表扬
withut hesitatin 毫不犹豫
find ne’s way int 偶然遇到
mve the galpsts 在过程中改变条件（或规则）
scre an wn gal 过乌龙球
a ballpark estimate 大致的估计
thrw sb. a curveball 给某人出难题
make a attempt t 试图做……
belw the belt 不公正的
thrw in the twel 认输
make it 成功
【选择性必修二Unit2语法讲解】
一）、过去进行时
1. 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time, at that mment, at this time yesterday, at ten ’clck yesterday等连用。
2. 表示一个过去的动作正在进行时，另一个过去的动作发生了，常与when, while引导的时间状语从句连用。
3. 短暂性动词可用过去进行时表示过去按计划、安排要做的事。
I was cming t visit yu later that day, but I had t phne and cancel.
我本打算那天晚些时候来看你，但是我不得不打电话取消了。
4. 现在进行时和过去进行时与always、cnstantly、cntinually、frever等副词连用，表示说话人对某种行为的赞赏、厌烦、不满等情绪。
He was always changing his mind.他总是改变主意。
二）、过去完成时
1．表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。但在语法填空题中很多时候需要通过上下文来判断。
By the time Jack returned hme frm England, his sn had graduated frm cllege.
当杰克从英格兰回到家中时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。
2．表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语：befre, by then, by that time, by the end f, by the time＋从句等。
It tk me a lng time befre I was able t fully appreciate what they had dne fr me.
很久以后我才能够完全领会到他们为我所做的一切。
3．表示“愿望，打算”的动词(hpe, want, expect, think, mean, suppse, plan, intend等)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。
I had intended t call n yu yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitr.
昨天我本来打算去拜访你，但是来了一位不速之客。
常使用过去完成时的句型：
(1)This/It/That was the ＋that sb. had dne sth.这是某人第几次做某事。
(2)It/This是was the＋最高级＋名词＋(that)定语从句，从句中的谓语用完成时。
(3) (一……就……)主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
(4)虚拟语气if条件句中表示过去情况时，从句中用had＋过去分词，主句中用shuld/wuld/culd/might＋have＋过去分词。
If yu had cme earlier, yu culdn't/wuldn't have missed the bus.
如果你早点儿来，你就不会错过那班公共汽车了。
wish后面接宾语从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气。与过去事实相反时，谓语用过去完成时。
I wish I had tld him the way t the supermarket. 我真希望我已经告诉了他到超市的路线。
wuld rather“宁愿……”后接宾语从句时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气, 与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。
I wuld rather yu had finished yur hmwrk yesterday.
【考点剖析】
考点一：词汇变形
例1．用单词的适当形式填空
1. There is a need fr greater _________ (diverse) and chice in educatin.
2. There is nw intense _________ (cmpete) between schls t attract students.
3. They greeted the prfessr with thunderus _________ (applaud).
4. Hw many candidates are standing fr _________ (elect)?
5. Everything he writes _________ (demnstrate) the depth f his sensibility.
6. We encurage students t participate fully _________ the running f the cllege.
7. The plan is designed t mtivate emplyees _________ (wrk) mre efficiently.
8. He was studying hard _________ the hpe f being admitted t an engineering cllege.
9. Televisin cmpanies are racing t be the first _________ (screen) his life stry.
10. Last Sunday, my classmates and I came t the nearby library t read bks, but nly t be tld that it _________ (decrate).
【答案及解析】
1. diversity 句意为:教育方面需要更加多元化和更具选择性。该空需要填名词, 与 chice 并列, 故填 diversity。
2. cmpetitin 句意为:现在学校之间为了招揽生源展开了激烈的竞争。 intense cmpetitin 意为"激烈的竞争"。
3. applause 句意为:他们以雷鸣般的掌声欢迎教授。此处位于形容词后，作 with 的宾语，应用名词。
4. electin 句意为: 有多少位候选人在参加竞选? stand fr electin 意为"参加竞选"。
5.demnstrates 句意为:他笔下的一切都显示出其感受力之深。该句的主语的中心语是 Everything, he writes 是定语从句, 该空缺谓语动词, 根据 writes 可知应用一般现在时, 故填 demnstrates。
6.in 句意为:我们鼓励学生全面参与学院的运作。 participate in为固定搭配，意为“参加”。
7. t wrk 句意为:这个计划旨在激励员工更加卓有成效地工作。 mtivate sb t d sth 为固定搭配, 意为"激励某人做某事"。
8. in 句意为:他努力学习，希望能被一所工程学院录取。 in the hpe f ding sth 为固定搭配, 意为"希望做某事"。
9. t screen 句意为:电视广播公司都争先恐后地要将他的生平 故事抢先搬上荧幕。 the first 表示“首个人或物”时，其后通常接 动词不定式作后置定语。
10. was being decrated 句意为: 上周日, 我和同学们去附近的图书馆看书，结果被告知那个图书馆正在装修中。由时间状语 Last Sunday 可知，句子叙述的是过去发生的事件，此处为宾语 从句的谓语部分，宾语从句的主语 it 指代上文的 the nearby library，与 decrate 之间是被动关系，并且此处表示过去一段时 间内正在进行的动作，因此使用过去进行时的被动语态。
考点二：语法填空
例2．单句语法填空
1. She _________ (gradual)fughtherwaytthetpfthecmpany.
2. She accepted the criticism _________ quiet dignity.
3. There's a limit _________ hw much I'm prepared t spend.
4. He had a small muth and rund pink _________ (cheek).
5. Althugh he's nly _________ amateur, he’s a first - class master.
6. It never rains but it _________ (pur).
7. I _________ (hpe)tsendPeteragifttcngratulatehimnhismarriage, butI
culdn't manage it.
8. WhenIgtthishuse, Ifundthatthewalls _________ (paint).
9. An incredible tree - huse restaurant _________ (cmplete) by the end f last mnt and a large crwd f peple went there fr meals.
10. Trees _________ (plant) by them at this time yesterday.
【答案及解析】
1.gradually 句意为:她努力奋斗，逐渐登上公司的高位。该空应该填副词，修饰动词 fught gradually。
2. with 句意为:她大度地接受了批评。 with dignity 为固定搭配，意为“有尊严地”。
3.t 句意为:我准备花多少钱是有限度的。 limit t 意为“对…的限度“。
4. cheeks 句意为:他的嘴小小的，圆脸蛋粉扑扑的。 cheek 为可数名词，此处需要用复数形式。
句意为:虽然他只是个业余爱好者，但却是一流的高手。此处指“一位业余爱好者”，应用不定冠词，且 amateur 的发音以元音音素开头，故填 an。
6.purs 该句为谚语，意为“不鸣则已，一鸣惊人”，时态应用一般现在时。
7.had hped 句意为:我本希望送彼得一件礼物，祝他新婚快乐，可是我没有做到。第二个分句中 culdn't 用的是一般过去时，该空表示的动作发生于此动作之前，应用过去完成时。
8. were being painted 句意为:当我到达他的房子时，我发现墙正在被粉刷。该空需要用过去进行时的被动语态。
9. had been cmpleted 句意为:截至上月底，一个令人难以置信的树屋餐馆完工了，很多人都去
里吃饭。根据by the end f last mnth 可知，应使用过去完成时，cmplete 与主语是被动关
系，应使用过去完成时的被动语态。
根据时间状语 at this time yesterday 可知，该空需要填过去进行时，且主语 Trees与 plant
被动关系，应用被动语态，故填 were being planted。
【真题演练】
2021-2022学年高二英语译林版选择性必修第二册Unit2单元测试
单句填空
1. The deliberate _________ (cruel)f his wrds cut her like a knife.
2. They had _________ ( unintentinal) prvided wrng infrmatin.
3. There are _________ (literal) hundreds f prizes t win.
4. We've received a lt f _________ (cmplain) f the bad wrkmanship f the prducts.
5. I have a friend wh had the _________ ( ppse) view and felt that the war was immral.
6. She's very gd at _________ ( handle) her patients.
7. Sme adults can’t relate _________ children.
8. The similarity between them has ften been remarked _________ .
9. This material _________ (irn) easily.
10. The result f the event _________ (predict) several mnths befre.
【答案及解析】
1.cruelty 句意为:他故意说的残酷无情的话对她像刀割一样。此处位于定冠词 The 和介词 f 之间，且其前有形容词修饰，应用名词。
2. unintentinally句意为:他们无意中提供了错误的信息。该空需要用副词修饰 had prvided。
3. literally 句意为:真的有好几百份奖品可以领呀。此处 literally意为“（强调事实可能令人惊讶）真正地，确实地”。
4.cmplaints 句意为:很多人向我们投诉产品工艺低劣。该空需要用名词作宾语，且 cmplaint 可作可数名词，
处指“许多投诉“，需要用复数形式。
5.ppsing 句意为:我有一位朋友的看法截然不同，他认为这场战争是不道德的。
6. handling 句意为:她对待病人很有办法。 be gd at ding sth意为“擅长做某事”。
7.t 句意为:有些成年人不能理解儿童的想法。此处 relate t 为固定搭配，意为“理解”。
8. n/upn 句意为:他们之间的相似之处常被人提及。remark n/upn 为固定搭配，意为“说起；评论”。
9. irns 句意为:这种材料很好熨。此处 irn 为不及物动词。
10. had been predicted 句意为:这次事件的结果几个月前就有人预测过了。根据 several mnths befre 可知，设空处表示过去的某个时间之前已发生的动作，且与 The result f the event 之间为被动关系，故应用“had been + 过去分词”构成过去完成时的被动语态。
【过关检测】
单词拼写
1. The tasks have been r________ in rder f difficulty.
2. In America, presidential e________ are held every fur years.
3. She utlined her plans and then p________ t explain them in mre detail.
4. I have n a________ ther than t have a happy life and be free.
5. It is generally accepted that peple are m________ by success.
6. The stres will inevitably end up ________ (竞争) with each ther in their push fr increased market shares.
7. The results are entirely ________(一致的) with ur earlier research.
8. The staff were utside t welcme him, waving flags and ________ (鼓掌)．
9. Once yu are familiar with this srt f relaxatin, yu will feel quite refreshed ________ (以后)．
10. A study ________ (证明) a direct link between besity and mrtality.
【答案】
ranked 2.electin 3.prceeded 4.ambitin 5.mtivated
6.cmpeting 7.cnsistent 8.applusing 9. afterwards 10. demnstrated

短语填空(用所给短语的适当形式填空，有两项多余)
give birth t; participate in; die ut; realize ne's dream; ; lead t; side by side; t life; be identical t; devte neself t; cme t ne's attentin; make jint effrts
1. Dinsaurs culd nt survive in the present day even if it is pssible t ____________________.
2. She always remembered the first time he ______________________．
3. They enjy ______________ a wide variety f activities, bth lcally and further afield.
4. Only by ______________ can parents and children bridge the generatin gap between them.
5. Tday landscape architecture ______________ a branch f the fine arts.
6. Languages are ever changing, mixing and mutating(变化), and smetimes they ______________ new nes.
7. She gladly gave up her part­time jb t __________________ her art.
8. They walked ____________________ thrugh the lng gallery, discussing smething.
9. With the develpment f mdern industry, many f the traditinal crafts(手艺) ______________．
10. Smetimes a bit f selfishness, if it ______________ greater self­knwledge, is n bad thing.
【答案】
1. bring back t life 2.came t her attentin 3.participating in 4.making jint effrts
5. is identical t 6. give birth t 7. devte herself t 8. side by side
9. have died ut 10.leads t
单句填空
1. Unless yu are trying t lse weight t please yurself, it's ging t be tugh t keep yur ________ (mtivate) level high.
2. He was ________ (ambitin) but unable t cnceive f winning pwer fr himself.
3. The ________ (cmpete) is pen t yung peple under the age f 18.
4. She was rewarded fr her 40 years' ________ (faith) service with the cmpany.
5. A key issue fr higher educatin is the need fr greater ________ (diverse) f curses.
6. It was the man ________ had been in prisn ________ stle the mney.
7. Having said she wasn't hungry, she then prceeded ________ (rder) a three­curse meal.
8. She had an unshakable faith ________ human gdness and natural hnesty.
9. She had a srt f breakdwn sme years ag, and since then she ________ (be) very shy.
10. His sudden leave had demnstrated ________ unreliable he was.
【答案】
mtivatin 2.ambitius 3.cmpetitin 4.faithful 5.diversities
6.wh; that 7.t rder 8.in 9.has been 10.hw