2022届北京市西城区高三一模英语试卷含答案
展开2022届北京市西城区高三一模
英语试卷
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A mystery man, known as Benny, has been spreading happiness-one $100 bill at a time for more than three years in and around Salem, Oregon.
He randomly 1 the bills in shops to be found, surprising and delighting unsuspecting shoppers. When it appeared that others might be trying to copy him, he started 2 his bills.
It is estimated that he has hidden more than $50,000 worth of $100 bills, and that's only what has been reported. Some people have been keeping track of 3 the bills are found, and notice that he has left them in stores, markets and fairs. Those who find one all have a similar tale about being .4 when a $100 bill, with the mark of “Benny”, falls out of the packaging of something.
It is _5 how these bills always seem to end up in the right hands. They have helped people pay their electric bill, make their rent, and even provide the homeless with 6 for a couple of nights. But the real magic of Benny is that more than half of the 7 report paying it forward to their favorite non-profit or a stranger in need. Some of the most heartwarming stories involve children. 8 shopping for toys. they decide to buy school supplies for their classmates or groceries for the local food bank.
The bills are so 9 by some of the people who find them that they post them on their refrigerators or carry them in their purses. It's a 10, they say, to give and be like Benny.
1.A.covers B.buries C.hides D.stores
2.A.returning B.checking C.changing D.signing
3.A.when B. where C.how D.why
4.A.amazed B.impressed C.inspired D.amused
5.A.acceptable B.understandable C.memorable D.remarkable
6.A.food B.clothing C.shelter D.transport
7.A.finders B.sellers C.losers D.beggars
8.A.Thanks to B.Instead of C.But for D.Apart from
9.A.protected B.recommended C.treasured D.expected
10.A.chance B.challenge C.record D.reminder
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
Today, there are groups of native people around the world that still live a traditional lifestyle. Some live in remote parts of South America, 11 way of life is in danger of disappearing. The Korubo are native people who live in the Amazon rainforest. They make their own tools, grow their own crops, and hunt and fish. Their main weapons are clubs and poison-tipped arrows, used 12 both hunting and protecting their territory against13 (outsider).
B
A white telephone booth（电话亭），known as the Phone of the Wind， 14 (sit) in a garden on top of a hill. Though 15 (disconnect),the phone serves a surprising purpose: helping people speak out what they feel embarrassed to say in front of others.
16 (think) about the idea for a long time, Sasaki finally built the booth. “My thoughts can't be relayed over a regular phone line, so I want them 17(carry) on the wind. I hope others can also express their feelings in the same way.”
C
Some Qin bamboo texts were discovered in a tomb in Hubei Province that contain many rules regarding
18 people were supposed to live and behave. Experts say these texts could prove the government in the third century BC handed out cruel punishments to people who 19 (break) these rules. For instance, officials punished people who stole money by tattooing （刺青）their face. There are also other ancient laws in the texts. One of them is that when questioning a suspect, an official was 20 .(strict) forbidden from using physical force.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最住选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Chinese Dual Language Immersion Program(CDLIP)
What is Dual Language Immersion?
Dual language immersion provides academic instruction in two languages. The Pasadena Unified School District currently offers a Chinese-English immersion program.
Why Choose the CDLIP?
Leaning a second language awakens curiosity and respect for other nations and their cultures. Chinese is not only a rich language with a long literary tradition, but it has also emerged as an influential worldwide language. Our C'DLIP promotes cross-cultural sensitivity, so that students can learn about the globalized world. For native Chinese speakers, our program ensures full development and mastery of English language arts while helping them become more fluent in their mother tongue.
Our Classrooms
The CDLIP serves primary school students, from kindergarten through second grade. Grades 3, 4 and 5 will be added in September of 2022,2023 and 2024. respectively. The program is currently located at Luther Burbank Primary School. On any given day, you might find a classroom full of kindergarteners counting and sorting coins, first graders singing “The More We Get Together”, or second graders describing physics experiments-all in Chinese!
How Does the Program Work?
CDLIP classrooms combine native and non-native speakers so that all students may succeed in both Chinese and English. We apply a Two-Way 90:10 Model. In kindergarten, 90% of the day's instruction is in Chinese and 10% is devoted to improving English oral language and the ability to read and write. As children progress through grade levels, the percentage of English instruction gradually increases, finally achieving a 50:50 split by fifth grade.
To Register Your Child
Language learning is a long-term process, so parents are asked to register their children for the full six years.
●Register online at www.pusd.us/oe between June 13 and 23.
●The program is free. supported by the Pasadena Unified School District.
●For kindergarten, no knowledge of Chinese is necessary. (Some knowledge of Chinese is expected for students entering grades 1-3.)
●Applications will be accepted after the deadline if spaces are still available.
●If you would like assistance completing your application, please contact Ms. Netty Li at Burbank Primary School (626) 396-5760 or visit PUSD Welcome Center.
21.After attending the CDLIP, students will be able to .
A. master Chinese arts
B. understand world history
C .hand down Traditional literature
D. develop cross-cultural awareness
22.The CDLIP is intended for .
A. Chinese teaching assistants
B. children and their parents
C. primary school students
D.1-3-year-old children
23.What can you find in CDLIP classes?
A. Kindergarteners spending more time practicing reading.
B. Students learning through songs and activities.
C .Higher-grade students using mostly Chinese.
D. Students focusing on science vocabulary.
24.What can we learn about the registration?
A.Parents need to pay the program fee.
B.Students must be registered every year.
C.Spaces are usually available after the deadlink.
D.PUSD Welcome Center offers help with registration.
B
Every summer he came to our village on his cycle. The cycle was full of coconuts and on the handle was his small red money purse and the machete that he used to cut the coconuts. He always work a blue and black checkered lungi and was known for his toothless smile that tended to turn into a slight laugh.
He often announced the arrival of summer by standing under our village's Gulmohar tree. During the first touch of summer, red flowers fell on the ground and welcomed him to our village: soon the red lowers turned into long sword-like fruits which hung above his head as he cut the coconuts.
He never ate anything except paan (a kind of leaf),which he always could be seen chewing, and he just sat under the tree until someone approached him. Then, he would choose the best coconut, and with expert skill; carve it so that the person could drink the satisfying liquid.
For mc he was an artist who knew how to carve the green coconut into an oasis（绿洲） of relief. He was the coconut whisperer, who knew which one had more water. Nobody ever talked about him, for he was of no significance to the busy people of our village. His existence will forever be tied to the shadow of the Gulmohar tree.
Nowadays, he doesn't do much business. Kids no longer care for coconut water; they want soft drinks. I know his weak body will fail him in the coming years. He will not visit our village, and with him, all my memories of summer will disappear. No one will miss him apart from the Gulmohar tree, his only friend.
My friends and I have stayed in the same village our whole life. Now, in our mid-thirties, we don't have time to talk about our childhood and the life beyond the chains of society.
I've made up my mind. Tomorrow I will talk with him. I will listen to him and preserve him in my memory. I will tell him how important he was for me, how he defined summer for me， and， during every summer， how he nurtured（滋养）me with the coconut water, which was filled with his love. I will take in his smile one last time-a remembrance of my childhood innocence. I will hug him until my tears mix with his.
25.What did the kids of the village receive from the coconut seller?
A. Amusing toothless smiles.
B. Refreshment in summer.
C. Coconut carving skills.
D. Invaluable experience.
26.In the eyes of the author, the coconut seller is .
A.a magician in his childhood
B.a hero during changing times
C. a survivor of a forgotten minority
D.a protector of a precious tradition
27.What message does the author want to express?
A.Pass on what is yours to the next generation.
B.Free yourself from the pressure of society.
C. Enjoy the simple things in your busy life.
D.Appreciate somcthing before it's gone.
C
One question every coach has beard in their coaching career is this:
“Why isn't my kid playing?”
The stupidity of many “win-at-all-cost" coaches in youth sports is neatly matched by that of “play-my-kid-or-else" parents at the high-school level.
When the games start to count, the main reason why your kid isn't playing is simple:
“They're just not good enough."
“He/she just isn't fast enough.”
“He/she just isn't strong enough.”
Good coaches, however, are not usually that blunt. They are very skillful in not telling what you and I would consider the “truth”. The thing is that many kids know what they're good at, and what they're not good at. When it comes to football, for instance, most of the middle-schoolers or freshmen already know the one or two kids who are good enough to play on the varsity team（校队） or to catch the eye of a college admissions officer. Their parents do not.
The rest play because they enjoy it, need the discipline, want to belong to a team. have dreamed of it since they were five or six, are trying to make their parents happy. need a varsity sport on their college application, or some combination of the factors above. Some of them don't possess much athletic skill, but make up for it by practicing. by getting stronger and quicker, and with on-field effort.
Far too many children today are living in a world where they never learn "no". They don't know how to handle disappointment and failure. Nor do they know how to react and move on when they don't get their. Own way.
It's awful when your kid isn't playing. Been there, done that. No reasonable parent wants to see their child hurt. But no one escapes this life unhurt, emotionally if not physically. When these kids move on in life, they are going to get rejected when they apply for college, fail to get the job they want, and taste failure and disappointment on multiple fronts.
Coaches should try to make sure everyone gets some playing time. But that should never come at the expense of other kids who are more talented, try harder or spend more time practicing. No child should ever go out for any team thinking they're going to be guaranteed a spot or playing time, no matter how loudly their parents complain.
In that sense, sports are a true mirror of life. No one is guaranteed “playing” time in life. For the most part, hard work, effort, planning and desire is rewarded. The benefits can be wonderful. But it's good to be prepared when it doesn't work out that way.
28.What does the underlined word “blunt" probably mean?
A. Impatient. B. Annoying. C .Direct. D. Serious.
29.The author believes that .
A. kids should learn how to face rejection in their life
B. people can live a life without being emotionally hurt
C. parents must help kids escape disappointment and failure
D. coaches need to ensure every student gets enough playing time
30. What probably motivated the author to write this passage?
A. Coaches' mistaken beliefs about varsity teams.
B. Parents' unrealistic views of kids' playing time.
C. Children's ignorance of the meaning of sports and life.
D. The public's doubts about why kids need to play sports.
D
The US scientists who created the first living robots say the life forms, known as Xenobots, can now reproduce-and in a way not seen in plants and animals. Xenobots are formed from the stem cells of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis ), from which it takes its name.
"Frogs have a way of reproducing that they normally use, but when you liberate the stem cells from the embryo （胚胎） and you give them a chance to figure out how to be in a new environment, not only do they figure out a new way to move, but they also figure out apparently a new way to reproduce,” said Michael Levin, a professor of biology at Tufts University, who was co-lead author of the new research.
Stem cells are unspecialized cells that have the ability to develop into different cell types. To make the xenobots, the researchers removed living stem cells from frog embryos and left them to develop.
“Most people think of robots as being made of metal, but it's not so much what a robot is made from but what it does, which is act on its own on behalf of people,” said Josh Bongard, a computer science professor and robotics expert at the University of Vermont and lead author of the study. “In that way, it's a robot, but it's also clearly an organism made from frog cells."
The researchers found that the xenobots could replicate（自我复制）.But it happened rarely and only in specific circumstances. The xenobots used "kinetic replication＂-a process that is known to occur at the molecular （分子）level.
With the help of artificial intelligence, the researchers then tested billions of body shapes to make the xenobots more effective at this type of replication. The supercomputer came up with a C-shape that looked like Pac-Man, the 1980s video game. They found it was able to find tiny stem cells, gather hundreds of them inside its mouth, and a few days later the pack of cells became new xenobots.
“The Al didn't program these machines in the way we usually think about writing code. It shaped and sculpted and came up with this Pac-Man shape,” Bongard said. “The shape is, in essence, the program. The shape influences how the xenobots behave to speed up this incredibly surprising process.”
The xenobots are very early technology think of a 1940s computer-and don't yet have any practical applications. However, this combination of molecular biology and artificial intelligence could potentially be used in many tasks in the body and the environment. This may include things like collecting microplastics in the oceans, inspecting root systems and regenerative medicine. “There are many things that are possible if we take advantage of this kind of plasticity and ability of cells to solve problems," Bongard said.
31.According to Josh Bongard, a robot should be defined in terms of .
A. its function B. its reliability C. its appearance D. its material
32.What can we learn about xenobots from the passage?
A. Xenobots have copied stem cells using computer programs.
B. Specialized cells play a key role in the replication of xenobots.
C. AI makes it possible for xenobots to replicate more effectively.
D. The shape of xenobots was inspired from a video game in the 1980s.
33.What is the author's attitude towards future applications of xenobots?
A. Disapproving. B. Optimistic. C. Unconcerned. D. Objective.
34.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Where does the unnatural replication process lead?
B. Are xenobots the future of artificial intelligence?
C. The uncertain role of robot reproduction
D. Fact or fantasy? Robots can reproduce
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Truth about Your Memory
What would you be without your memories? How important is your ability to remember the past and to draw on it to help you know what to do next? I'll answer for you: It's right up there with breathing and eating.35
However, most people know little about memory. A study by research psychologists Daniel Simons and Christopher Chabris asked people simple questions about memory and then compared their answers with those of experts in memory research. 36 For instance. to the question “Is there a 'video camera' in your head?"63% of people surveyed strongly agreed or mostly agreed that human memory "works like a video camera, accurately recording the events we see and hear so that we can review and inspect them later. "None of the experts strongly agreed or mostly agreed that memory functions like that.
So how does memory work?_37 He means well and wants to help, but the best he can do is tell you stories. And like all good storytellers, he edits for impact. efficiency, functionality, and clarity. He tells you what he assumes you need to know. He also makes honest mistakes -lots and lots of them. Sometimes he just gets confused and leaves out something important. He could even include inaccurate information by accident.
In other words, there is no consistent or orderly sense to memory. A memory will be hidden away and connected to other memories or concepts in ways that are not necessarily practical or logical. 38. Memories come to us in a way that is similar to how archaeologists and police detectives use bits of information to construct stories about past people and events.
39 Fortunately, enough has been revealed to offer us wise and sate guidance through daily life. Your memory is best thought of as helpful input. We don't need to remember every detail about everything.
A The researchers had a very tough time understanding human memories.
B. The human brain is still a mysterious universe in many ways, of course.
C. A research shows recalling the past can change the memory of what really happened.
D. The results show how far removed from reality the public's beliefs about memory arc.
E. One would think that understanding how memory works would be a high priority for all people.
E. I prefer to describe it as something like an old man sitting by a campfire somewhere deep in your brain.
G. This is why a particular smell or sound may bring up a memory even though it wasn't important in the original experience.
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题：第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答：
What makes some people incapable of apologizing even when they're clearly in the wrong?
People who cannot apologize often have deep feelings of low self-worth. When their delicate ego （白我） cannot absorb the blow of admitting they were wrong，their defense mechanisms kick in--they may place blame and even argue about basic facts to prevent the threat of having to lower themselves by offering an apology.
Unfortunately, many of us mistakenly interpret these people's defensiveness as a sign of psychological strength. That's because outwardly they appear to be tough individuals who refuse to back down. But this doesn't show that they're strong-it shows that they're weak.
Admitting that we're wrong is emotionally uncomfortable and painful to our sense of self. In order to take responsibility and apologize, our self-worth needs to be strong enough to absorb that discomfort. Indeed, if our self-worth is higher and more stable, we can tolerate the temporary discomfort that such an admission involves-without the walls around our ego falling down.
But if our self-worth is seemingly high but actually breakable, that discomfort can go through our defensive walls and score a direct hit to our ego. Indeed, the more fixed one's defense mechanisms are, the more delicate the ego they're protecting.
The mistake we often make when faced with someone who's habitually incapable of apologizing is to become angry and try to win our argument with them. But the sad reality is that we can never win. In these situations, the best we can do is make our points as calmly and as convincingly as we can and then disengage from the argument when it becomes unproductive-like when they disagree with the facts, come up with silly excuses or turn to mean remarks:
40.Why can't some people apologize?
41. What do many people mistakenly think of a non-apologizer's defensiveness?
42.Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
◆When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to express your anger and make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible.
43. In addition to what is mentioned in the passage, what else can you do if your friend refuses to apologize to you?(In about 40 words)
第二节（20分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。最近你和父母就大学专业选择进行了讨论，大家看法并不完全一致。请给你的英国朋友Jim写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．陈述讨论情况；2．期望得到建议。
注意：1．词数100左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
Yours,
Li Hua
（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）
西城区高三统一测试试卷
英语答案及评分参考 2022.4
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
1.C 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.D
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
11.whose 12.for 13.outsiders 14.sits 15.disconnected
16.Having thought 17.to be carried 18.how 19.broke 20.strictly
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
21.D 22.C 23.B 24.D 25.B 26.A 27.D 28.C 29.A 30.B31.A 32.C 33.B 34.D
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
35.E 36.D 37.F 38.G 39.B
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
40. Because they often have deep feelings of low self-worth.
41.They think of it as a sign of psychological strength.
42. When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to express your anger and make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible. When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible and then disengage from the argument when it becomes unproductive.
43．略。
第二节（20分）
范文：
Dear Jim,
How have you been recently? I'm writing to ask for your advice.
Last Sunday, I was talking with my parents about possible majors. My parents really want me to study biology since that's what my father majored in. They also think this field is full of jobs that will allow me to have a promising future. Though I respect my parents' wishes,I don't agree with them. I've loved art all my life, and I'm very good at drawing and painting. I was hoping to go to the best art school in China. So what do you think I should do, listen to my parents or follow my dreams?
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
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