专题02.英语句法-十年(2013-2022)高考英语真题分项详解

这是一份专题02.英语句法-十年(2013-2022)高考英语真题分项详解，共89页。
十年（2013-2022）高考英语真题分项详解
英语句法
注：本专辑涵盖名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句与特殊句式的考点
名词性从句
1.(2010﹒辽宁)—It’s no use having ideas only .
—Don’t worry. Peter can show you ________to turn an idea into an act.
A. how B. who C. what D. where
【答案】A
【解析】句意：—光有主意没用。—不用担心, 皮特可以教你怎样把主意变为行动。虽然四个词都可以和动词不定式连用, 但是意义不同。how表示 “怎样”, 强调方式。而who和what是连接代词, 一般在不定式短语中作宾语, 此句 中动词不定式有宾语, 不再需要宾语, 所以排除, where则强调地点。与上一句不对应。
2. (2010﹒福建)We should respect food and think about the people who don’t have we have here and treat food nicely.
A. that B. which C. what D. whether
【答案】C
【解析】空格在句中充当宾语。我们应该尊重食物, 考虑那些我们所拥有的东西和认真对待食物的态度。
3.(2010﹒湖南)Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew
she was so angry.
A. where B. whether C. that D. why
【答案】D
【解析】该空引导宾语从句, 根据句意 “办公室中没人知道她为什么如此生气”可判断选D项。
4.(2010﹒天津)As a new graduate, he doesn’t know it takes to start a business here.
A. how B. what C. When D. which
【答案】B
【解析】句意：作为一名新毕业生, 他不知道需要什么才能在这里开始经营。空格后的从句中takes是动词, 其后缺少宾语, 所以引导该宾语从句的连接词要用what。
5.(2010﹒北京) some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.
A. Whether B. What C. That D. How
【答案】B
【解析】句意：一些人眼中的缺点是别人眼中的优点。从句中缺宾语, 只能用B. what来引导. C.中的That引导主语从句不做成分。
6.(2010﹒浙江)—How about camping this weekend, just for a change?
—OK, you want.
A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever
【答案】C
【解析】句意：“这个周末野营怎么样, 来点新鲜的？” “好啊, 按你的意思吧！”根据语境分析出后者支持前面的提出的观点。
7.(2010﹒浙江)It is uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.
A. that B. what C. how D. whether
【答案】B
【解析】根据句意：尽管大约有两千名病人服用过这种药物, 但是, 它会带来什么样的副作用还不确定。side effect意思是 “副作用”, 还原主语从句中的主干是the medicine will bring about ______ side effect。故选择what, 形容词 “什么样的”, 起修饰作用。
8.(2010﹒上海)One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.
A. that B. how C. what D. why
【答案】A
【解析】考查that引导同位语从句的用法。此处that不可以省略。
9.(2010﹒湖北)The news ________（房价将要下跌）has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices. (fall)
【答案】that the housing price will fall
【解析】用 “that” 引导同位语从句, “房价”译成 “housing price”。
10.(2010﹒山东)Before the sales start, I make a list of ______ my kids will need for the coming season.
A. why B. what C. how D. which
【答案】B
【解析】句意应为 “在大甩卖开始前, 我把孩子们在下个季节里要用到的东西列了一个清单。”分析句式结构可知, 空格处在句中引导宾语从句且在从句中充当need的宾语, 所以B项结构正确。which 引导名词性从句时多表示疑问且要有一个明确的范围。
11.(2010﹒上海)When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know .
A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is entering
C. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering
【答案】B
【解析】which引导的句子做know的宾语, 句子用陈述语序。
12.(2010﹒四川)How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with, whether his friends or relatives.
A. what B. who C. how D. why
【答案】B
【解析】根据句末的 whether his friends or relatives可知应是和谁去, 故选B。句意为 “一个人旅游多么享受很大程度上取决于他和谁去, 无论是他的朋友还是亲戚。”
13.(2010﹒全国卷I)We haven’t discussed yet ______ we are going to place our new furniture.
A. that B. which C. what D. where
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我们还没有讨论把我们的新家具放在哪里。干中空格划在动词discuss的后面, 因此考查宾语从句, 根据句意在宾语从句中缺少地点状语, 因此选择D。
14.(2010﹒湖北)I want to be liked and loved for I am inside.
A. who B. where C. what D. how
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我想别人喜欢我是因为我的内在。也就是我inside的品质。只有what可以指代是什么。很多同学误选A, 错误的用中文语言习惯去做英文题。
15.(2010﹒全国卷II)—Have you finished the book?
---No, I’ve read up to ________the children discover the secret cave.
A. which B. what C. hat D. where
【答案】D
【解析】up to为介词结构, 后接宾语从句从句；而句意是 “读到孩子们发现秘密洞穴的地方”, 故用where引导这个宾语从句最合适。
16.(2010﹒江苏)—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
—That’s _______I don’t agree. You should have a more active life.
A. where B. how C. when D what
【答案】A
【解析】这就是我不同意的地方.agree 是不及物动词,所以用where. 用表语从句。
17.(2010﹒北京)Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _______ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.
A. what B. that C. why D. whether
【答案】B
【解析】从句不缺成分, 因此用that来引导。句意：狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说大卫科波菲尔的部分原因是小说创作非常贴近他本人的真实生活。
18.(2011﹒北京)__________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
A. Which B. What C. That D. Whom
【答案】B
【解析】句意：这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。结合句意可知答案为A，此处what引导的宾语从句是一个感叹句。
19.(2011﹒北京)The shocking news mad me realize ________ terrible problems we would face.
A. what B. how C. that D. why
【答案】A
【解析】由句中的IS可知其前面是由what引导的主语从句，且what在从句中作offer的宾语，故答案为A项。
20.(2011﹒上海)There is clear evidence _____ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.
A. what B. if C. how D. that
【答案】D
【解析】句意为：证据表明，所有能够说明的感觉中最困难的是身体的疼痛。分析句子结构，从句中不错成分，故用关联词that。
21.(2011﹒上海)The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _____ others actually understand
A. why B. that C. which D. what
【答案】D
【解析】句意为：你试图通过言语表达的意思或许恰恰跟别人理解的相反。
22.(2011﹒山东)I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ______ he never finishes anything.
A. that B. when C. where D. why
【答案】D
【解析】句义：我恐怕他比起来一个实践家更是一个空谈家，那就是他一事无成的原因。本文“which is..”引导的一个非限定性定语从句中有一个表语从句根据句意用“why”引导。
23.(2011﹒山东)We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know______ she’ll accept it.
A. where B. what C. whether D. which
【答案】C
【解析】根据句意“我们提供给她了这份工作，但我不知道她是否会接受”。whether “是否“， where “哪里“what “什么”，which “哪个“。
24.(2011﹒江西)The villagers have already known ______ we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge.
A. this B. that C. what D. which
【答案】C
【解析】村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥，后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少主语且指物，所以选择what。
25.(2011﹒江苏)It was never clear _______ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.
A. that B. how C. when D. why
【答案】A
【解析】句意：这名男子没有早点报告这次事故的原因根本没有搞清楚。It在句中是形式主语，真正的主语是why引导的主语从句。
26.(2011﹒安徽)His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out _____it is he is trying to express.
A. that B. how C. who D. what
【答案】D
【解析】句意为：他的笔迹非常混乱，很难弄清他想表达什么意思。本题考查动词短语make out引起的的宾语从句，该空在宾语从句中作express的宾语，表示事物，故选择D项。That在宾语从句中不作句子成分；how作方式状语；who作主语，指人。只有what可用作宾语并且指事物。
27.(2011﹒四川)Our teachers always tell us to believe in ________ we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
A. why B. how C. what D. which
【答案】C
【解析】in介词之后所接的宾语从句中缺少及物动词do的宾语，指事物，故填what。why“为什么”；how“怎么样”；which“哪一个”。
28.(2011﹒辽宁)Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach ______ to read first.
A. what B. who . how D. why
【答案】C
【解析】句子意思：20个学生想要去听旨在教授如何快速阅读的课程。根据句子结构可知，that aims to teach ______ to read first.是定语从句，修饰先行词class，在此定语从句中，teach后接的宾语从句中缺少表示方式的连接词，故how正确。此处为“连接词+to do”结构。
29.(2011﹒辽宁)When the news came _____ the war broke out, he decided, to serve in the army.
A. since B. which C. that D. because
【答案】C
【解析】句意：当战争爆发的消息传来时，他决定去部队服役。此处的“ the war broke out”解释说明the news的具体内容，且从句中不缺少成分，故为同位语从句，用that连接。
30.(2011﹒天津)Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead to many diseases.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
【答案】C
【解析】句意为：现代科技已经给出了充分的证据，表明吸烟可能引起许多疾病。
31.(2011﹒陕西)I’d like to start my own business–that’s ____ I’d do if I had the money.
A. why B. when C. which D. what
【答案】D
【解析】后面从句不完整，do后面缺少宾语，所以要填连接代词what，答案D。
32.(2011﹒重庆)It is still under discussion __________the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
A. whether B. when C. which D. where
【答案】A
【解析】still under discussion“还在讨论中”说明“旧中巴车站是否应该被一个宾馆替代”还没决定。且根据后面的whether…or not也可以做出正确选择。
33.(2011﹒重庆)It is not always easy for the public to see _______ use a new invention can be of to human life.
A. whose B. what C. which D. that
【答案】B
【解析】What引导宾语从句，同时在从句中作use的定语。还原句子为“a new invention can be of what use”。
34.(2011﹒湖南)Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious ______the problem itself is.
A. what B. that C. which D. why
【答案】A
【解析】从句中缺表语，排除B和D；又因题目没有给出problem的范围，故选A；句意：在解决问题之前，一定要弄清楚问题是什么。
35.(2012﹒安徽)The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but ________he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.
A. where B. whether C. that D. why
【答案】B
【解析】根据句意，表示是否之意。
36.(2012﹒重庆)Evidence has been found through years of study______ children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.
A. why B. how C. whether D. that
【答案】D
【解析】此处考查的是同位语从句,that表陈述，描述evidence。
37. (2012﹒全国卷)It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.
A. how B. which
C. that D. what
【答案】D
【解析】此处it作形式主语，替代that引导的主语从句，that表陈述。
38.(2012﹒北京)Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently.
A. why B. how C. that D. whether
【答案】C
【解析】此处表陈述，用that引导宾语从句。
39.(2012﹒福建)We promise _____ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever
【答案】C
【解析】此处whoever引导关系从句，解释为anyone who。
40.(2012﹒陕西)As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _____ suits you best.
A. whatever B. whichever C. whenever D. wherever
【答案】B
【解析】在限定范围five之中进行选择，应使用whichever。
41.(2012﹒山东)It doesn’t matter _____ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
A. how B. whether C. what D. why
【答案】B
【解析】根据后文的or可知用whether引导主语从句，构成句型whether…or…。
42.(2012﹒湖南)Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesn’t matter ___ you have lived there for a short or a long time.
A. why B. how C. whether D. when
【答案】C
【解析】根据后文的or可知用whether引导主语从句，构成句型whether…or…。
43.(2012﹒天津)It doesn’t matter ____ you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park.
A. whether B. how C. if D. when
【答案】A
【解析】根据后文的or可知用whether引导主语从句，构成句型whether…or…。
44.(2012﹒江西)It suddenly occurred to him ___ he had left his keys in the office.
A. whether B. where C. which D. that
【答案】D
【解析】此处it作形式主语，替代that引导的主语从句，that表陈述。
45.(2012﹒辽宁)The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _____ he could find about Mark Twain.
A. wherever B. however C. whatever D. whichever
【答案】C
【解析】此处whatever引导宾语从句，相当于anything that…。
46.(2012﹒四川)Scientists study ____ human brains work to make computers.
A. when B. how C. that D. whether
【答案】B
【解析】根据句意可知答案问及的是方式，故选B。
47.(2012﹒浙江)I made a promise to myself ____ this year, my first year in high school, would be different.
A. whether B. what C. that D. how
【答案】C
【解析】此处应用that引导宾语从句，表陈述。
48.(2012﹒江苏)The notice came around two in the afternoon _____ the meeting would be postponed.
A. when B. that C. whether D. how
【答案】B
【解析】此处考查的是同位语从句,that表陈述，描述notice。
49.(2013﹒北京)______ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
A. That B. What C. Who D. Which
【答案】B
【解析】is之前为主语从句。从句中缺少主语指事物，故选what。That只起引导作用，不充当成分，排除；Who指人；不符合语境，排除；Which充当定语，起修饰作用，也不符合上下文的语境，排除。
50.(2013﹒北京)Experts believe _____ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.
A. why B. where C. that D. what
【答案】C
【解析】动词believe之后为宾语从句，从句陈述一个事实，结构完整，不缺少成分，故选用that。why作原因状语；where做地点状语；what作主语或宾语。
51.(2013﹒湖南)Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _______ close you may be to victory.
A. how B. that C. which D. where
【答案】A
【解析】动词tell之后为宾语从句，宾语从句部分为感叹句转换而来，修饰形容词close用how，故选A。that, which和where都不能引导感叹句。
52.(2013﹒江西)_______ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.
A. Whoever B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Wherever
【答案】C
【解析】主句谓语为will have to pay，之前为主语从句，根据句意， whichever“无论哪一个”，作定语，修饰one，故选C。Whoever作主语；Whatever指物，不符合题意；Wherever指地点，作地点状语，也不符合语境。句意为无论你们当中哪个人弄坏窗子都必须赔偿。
53.(2013﹒山东)It’s good to know______ the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.
A. what B. whose C. which D. that
【答案】D
【解析】动词know之后为宾语从句，从句中意思完整，也不缺少成分，故用that表陈述一件实事。what作主语或宾语；whose作定语；which作定语，后面一般接of结构。句意为知道当我们外出时这这些狗狗将会得到精心的护理是一件好事。
54.(2013﹒陕西)It remains to be seen the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.
A. that B. which C. what D. whether
【答案】D
【解析】it作形式主语，真正主语为横线后的主语从句。从句中结构完整，因此排除代词B和C两项；“有待被观察”的事情应是不确定的事而不是表陈述，排除表陈述的that，选用whether“是否”。
55. (2013﹒四川)______ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.
A. When B. How C. What D. That[
【答案】C
【解析】此句谓语动词为describes，之前的部分即为主语从句。从句中缺少谓语said的宾语，故选用代词what作said的宾语引导主语从句； that在名词性从句中不做成分，只表陈述的语气；而when和how为副词，只能做状语，不能作主干成分。
56. (2013﹒天津) I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.
A. That B. Which C. Whether D. What
【答案】D
【解析】主句谓语为is，之前为主语从句，从句中缺少动词tell的直接宾语，指事物，故填what；而which意为“哪一个”，that、whether只起引导作用，均不做成分。
57.(2013﹒新课标卷I)Police have found appears to be the lost ancient statue.
A. which B. where C. how D. what
【答案】D
【解析】动词found后所接为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语指事物，故填上代词what。Which表示在确定范围里的选择；where和how只能作状语。
58.(2013﹒浙江)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ______ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
A. how B. that C. which D. whether
【答案】B
【解析】belief后所接的从句对其内容进行解释说明，故为同位语从句，that表示陈述一个事实，所以答案B正确。how如何；which哪一个；whether是否；均不符合语境。
59. (2013﹒重庆)______struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.
A. That B. It C. What D. Which
【答案】C
【解析】主句谓语动词was之前为；主语从句中缺少主语指事物，故使用代词what；that表陈述，不做成分；which表示在确定范围内进行选择，译为“哪一个”。句意为这部电影让我最感动的地方就是父亲对儿子的深深的爱。
60. (2013﹒安徽)From space, the earth looks blue. This is ______about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
A. why B. how C. because D. whether[
【答案】C
【解析】is后面为表语从句。前面是结果，后面是原因，所C正确。why，how和whether均不符合语境。
61. (2014﹒北京)The best moment for the football star was ________ he scored the winning goal.
A.where B.when
C.how D.why
【答案】B
【解析】根据题干前半部分中的moment一词推断，后面应该说的是“……的时候”，所以本题选B。
62.(2014﹒北京)Some people believe ________has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
A.whatever B.whenever
C.wherever D.however
【答案】A　
【解析】句意：一些人相信过去发生或现在正发生的事情，将来仍然会重复。宾语从句中缺少主语，并且指的是事件，所以选A。
63.(2014﹒大纲卷)Exactly ________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
A. whether B. why
C. when D. how
【答案】C
【解析】句意：准确地说，土豆是什么时候被引进欧洲的还不确定，但可能是在1565年左右。此处when引导主语从句并在从句中作状语。
64.(2014﹒福建)Pick yourself up. Courage is doing ________ you're afraid to do.
A.that B.what
C.how D.whether
【答案】B
【解析】句意：振作起来。勇气就是做你害怕去做的事。分析句子结构可知，此处doing后接宾语从句，而从句中do的后面缺少宾语，故选择B项。
65.(2014﹒湖南)As John Lennon once said，life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
A. which B. that
C. what D. where
【答案】C
【解析】句意：正如约翰·列侬曾经说的那样，生活就是当你忙于制订其他计划时所发生在你身上的事情。引导词既要引导表语从句，又要在从句中作主语。故用what。
66.(2014﹒江苏)—What a mess! You are always so lazy!
—I'm not to blame, Mum. I am ________ you have made me.
A.how B.what
C.that D.who
【答案】B
【解析】句意：“多么混乱啊！你总是这么懒！”“我不应当受到责备，妈妈，都是你让我变成这个样子的。”分析句子结构后可知，“________ you have made me”是表语从句，从句中make缺少间接宾语，故用what引导。
67.(2014﹒山东)It is difficult for us to imagine________ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.
A.where B.what
C.which D.why
【答案】B　
【解析】句意：对我们来说很难想象在古代奴隶的生活是什么样子的。________ life was like for slaves in the ancient world是宾语从句，作imagine的宾语，在宾语从句中，like后缺少成分，故用what。
68.(2014﹒陕西)________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
A. Why B. When
C. That D. What
【答案】B
【解析】句意：延误了的航班何时起飞主要取决于天气。所填词引导主语从句，在从句中作时间状语，用when，故选B。
69.(2014﹒四川)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's ________ I was born.”
A.when B.how
C.why D.where
【答案】D　
【解析】此处考查的是名词性从句中的表语从句，根据语境可知选D项。句意：奶奶指着那个医院说：“那就是我出生的地方。”
70.(2014﹒天津)I think ________ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.
A. what B. that
C. which D. who
【答案】A　
【解析】句意：我认为他的绘画给我留下深刻印象的是他使用的颜色。分析句子结构可知，I think后是宾语从句，从句中谓语动词是is，其前面是主语从句。从句中谓语动词impresses前又缺主语，需用what引导。
71.(2014﹒浙江) “Every time you eat a sweet，drink green tea.” This is ________ my mother used to tell me.
A.what B.how C.that D.whether
【答案】A
【解析】句意：母亲过去常常告诉我：“每次吃糖的时候，要喝点儿绿茶。”此处是由what引导的表语从句，因为表语从句中缺少tell的间接宾语，所以用what引导，选A 项。
72.(2014﹒重庆)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah, but I have no idea ________ he did it; that's one of his favourite universities.
A. when B. why
C. that D. how
【答案】B
【解析】此题易误选C，但后句对Mike拒绝耶鲁大学的录取意愿感到意外，因为耶鲁大学是Mike最喜欢的大学之一，因此回答者对Mike放弃耶鲁大学感到不可思议。若用that仅表示不知道此事，但事实上已经知道。故选B。
73.(2015﹒湖南)You have to know ________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
A. what B. that C. where D. who
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析:根据分析可知: You have to know..后面是一个宾语从句。宾语从句的连接词有连接代词和连接副词，连接代词有: who, whom. whose. which. what在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语，连接副词有:when. where. why, how,在句中担任状语的成分。You're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.是一个完整的句子，所以应该用连接副词来引导从句。句意:如果你已经计划好去那里的最佳方案，你必须知道你将要去哪里。故选C
74.(2015﹒北京)I truly believe ______beauty comes from within.
A. that B. where C. what D. why
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析：句意：我很相信美丽源自于内心! 本题考查宾语从句。从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略。从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略。故选A。
75.(2015﹒安徽)A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ______ ships are built for.
A. what B. whom C. why D. when
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析：句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。isn’t后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的for后缺少宾语，用what引导，what与for连用，表示目的。故选A。
76.(2015﹒浙江)If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.
A. what B. who C. that D. whoever
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析：句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳，请确定查看水面下有什么？通常总有一些石头或树枝藏在水里。此处的what指代的是树枝或石头，B选项和D选项用于指人，that 只有语法意义。句式上，该句用了(If 从句，祈使句)的句式，非谓语to investigate 后接一个宾语从句的表达。分析宾语从句的成分可以发现，空格所做的成分是主语。根据下一句的表述中的树枝和石头，可以得出答案是what.
77.(2015﹒重庆)We must find out ____ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.
A. when B. how C. where D. why
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析：句意：我们必须弄明白什么时候来，因此我们能给他预定房间。Find out 后面跟着宾语从句。根据句意选when。
78.(2015﹒四川)The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution.
A. where B. why C. what D. which
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析：考查宾语从句。本句考查宾语从句的引导词。宾语从句中不缺少主语和宾语，故选项C错误，选项D担当定语，也错误。根据意思：这个展览告诉了我们，我们为什么要停止空气污染而不是我们在哪儿停止空气污染，故选择B。
79.(2015﹒陕西)Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.
A. what B. that C. why D. how
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析:句意:读完了她的自传后，我对Dor宾语从句是名词性从句的一种，解答这类题目,关键在于分析清楚句子结构。确定这是什么从句，再通过判断从句中缺少的内容决定引导词在从句中所作的成分及意义，来选择正确的引导词。通常如果名词性从句缺少主语宾语和表语的时候用what连接。is Lessing在文学上做出的贡献非常敬佩。介词for后面是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，所以选A。
80.(2015﹒福建)—I wonder _________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
—By working out every day.
A. where B. how C. why D. If
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析：考查宾语从句。句中I是主语，wonder是谓语，how引导的宾语从句在整个句子中做宾语。连接副词How是宾语从句中的方式状语。句子是用表示方式的介词by回答的，所以是针对方式题提问的，故用how。根据句意---我好奇玛丽在这些年是怎么保持着身材的。--通过每天锻炼。故选C
81.(2015﹒江苏)_____ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.
A. That B. Why C. Where D. How
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析：句意：李白是中国一位伟大的诗人，他的出生地是众所周知的，但有些人不愿接受这一事实。分析句子结构可知，a great Chinese poet做Li Bai的同位语，is前面是主语从句。比较选项只有where符合句意，where在从句中做地点状语。故选C项。
82.(2015﹒北京) _____we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
A. Where B.How C.Why D. When
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析：句意：我们如何理解事情与我们所感受的有很大关系。根据句意可知，主语从句缺少方式状语，因此选择how。故选B。
83.(2016﹒江苏)It is often the case ______anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
A. why B. what C. as D. that
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析:考查主语从句。本句中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是连接词that做引导的主语从句，连接词that在本句中不充当任何成分, 只是一个引导词而已,不能省略。连接副词why要在句中做状语, 连接代词what通常在句中做主语、宾语或表语等; as通常不引导名词性从句。句意:对于那些心存希望的人一切皆可能是事实。故D正确。:
84.(2016﹒天津﹒T11) The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
A. whether B. that C. which D. what
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析:句意:经理提出-一个建议,我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位语从句说明suggestion的内容，而且同位语从句成分和意思都是完整的。用that引导, that 不作成分，只是起着连接的作用。故选B.
85.(2017﹒北京)Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever
【答案】B
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。_____ makes the most beautiful kite是主语从句，根据意思可知答案。
86.(2017﹒北京)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ______she was heading.
A. why B. where C. how D. when
【答案】B
【解析】考查连词。句意：Jane漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上，不知道她将去往何方，根据句意可知选B。
87.(2017﹒江苏)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _______ it used to charge.
A. that B. which C. what D. how
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析:考查宾语从句。"half of it used to charge'是$20的同位语,即原来价格的一半是现在的$20;另外，of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语，所以，这里是宾语从句;宾语从句中的charge后面缺少宾语,所以用what来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句中的宾语,故选C。句意:我们选择这家宾馆是因为-晚上的住宿费降到了20美元，这是该宾馆过去要价的一半。
88.(2017﹒天津)She asked me _______ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
A. when B. where C. whether D. what
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析：句意：他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。A. 什么时候；B. 在哪里；C. 是否；D. 什么。根据句意，故选C。
89.(2018﹒江苏)By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived.zx.x.k
A. where B. when
C. why D. how
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:乘船是到达这里唯一的途径， 这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知，后面为表语从句。分析句意可知，这里用连接副词how引导表语从句，充当方式状语，表示“如何”。故选D。
90.(2018﹒天津) The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race.
A. whomever B. wherever
C. whoever D. whatever
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选C。
91.(2018﹒北京)This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
A. how B. which C. that D. what
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:这是我父亲教我的一总是要面对困难， 抱最大的希望。“______ my father has taught me'是表语从句,该空在从句中做teach的宾语，且表示“父亲教我的道理”，故该从句应用what引导。D选项正确。引导名词性从句时，how表方式，意为“如何”; which 意为“哪一个”，that 在只起引导从句的作用，不做成分。
92.(2018﹒北京) Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.
A. how B. when C. where D. why
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式，when表时间，where表地点，why表原因。“_________ we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。
93.(2019﹒江苏) Scientists have obtained more evidence ___________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，且与evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。故选B。
94. (2019﹒新课标I卷)While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。
95. (2019﹒北京)What students do at college seems to matter much more than 8 they go.
【答案】where
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。
96. (2020﹒江苏)This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then goes for ______.
A. whichever B. whenever C. wherever D. whatever
【答案】D
【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意:这个演员通常在表演前就已经计划好了前两个技巧，然后全力以赴。A. whichever无论哪个；B. whenever无论何时；C. wherever无论何地；D. whatever无论什么。分析句子成分可知，此处做goes for的宾语，指代“任何事情”，whatever符合语境。故选D。
97. (2020﹒江苏)It is not a problem _____ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of time.
A. whether B. why C. when D. where
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。A. whether是否；B. why为什么；C. when什么时候；D. where在哪里。根据下文it’s just a matter of time可知，此处指”我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题”，it是形式主语，whether引导的从句是真正的主语。故选A。
98. (2020﹒天津)The student completed this experiment to make come true ______ Professor Joseph had said.
A. that B. what C. when D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。_________ Professor Joseph had said作make的宾语从句，该从句中，空处在从句中作said的宾语，表示”……所说的话”，因此应用what引导该从句。故选B。
99.（2021·天津）It seemed that I had become ________ my parents had wanted me to be.
A．when B．where C．what D．whether
【答案】C
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：似乎我已经成为了我父母希望我成为的人。动词become后面是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，且从句中的be缺少表语，所填词应该起双重作用。故选C。

定语从句
1.(2010﹒福建)Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually.

A. that B. where C. which D. whose
2
【答案】B
【解析】先行词为planet, 表示地点, 故用where。
2.(2010﹒湖南)I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year.
A. who B. where C. when D. which
【答案】A
【解析】该空引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词the students, 且在从句中作met的宾语, 故选关系代词who, 即A项。
3.(2010﹒江西)The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister ______ she would stay for an hour.
A where B who C which D what
【答案】A
【解析】先行词为centre, she would stay for an hour 不缺宾语或主语, 故要填状语, 表地点用where。
4.(2010﹒山东)That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen.
A. that B. which C. whose D. What
【答案】C
【解析】句意应为 “那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。”空格处引导定语从句并且在从句中作定语使用, 所以使用whose。
5.(2010﹒山东)Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future.
A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词+which的用法。=Wind power is an ancient source of energy which that we may return to in the near future.
6.(2010﹒天津)-----Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?
-----You should try the barber’s I go. It’s only 15.
A. as B. which C. where D. that
【答案】C
【解析】句意：—你能相信我理一次发得花20美元吗？—你应该到我去的那家理发店试试, 只需要15美元。句中the barber’s 是先行词, 从句中go 是不及物动词, 所选关系代词在从句中作状语, 所以要用where。
7.(2010﹒四川)After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, turned out to be a wise decision.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
【答案】B
【解析】此处应为which引导的非限制性定语从句, which代替前边整个句子。句意为： “大学毕业后, 我们休假一段时间去旅游, 这结果证明是一个明智的决定。”
8.(2010﹒全国卷I)As a child , Jack studied in a village school ,_____ is named after his grandfather.
A. which B. where C. what D. that
【答案】A
【解析】句意：还是孩子的时候, Jack 在以他祖父命名的乡村学校学习。根据选项此题考查从句, 空格设置在名词school后, 且school后有逗号, 此题考查非限定性定语从句。定语从句所修饰的先行词是school, 它在定于从句中做主语, 因此使用关系代词, 选项中的关系代词只有which和that, 由于是非限定性定语从句, 不能使用that, 因此选择A。
9.(2010﹒江苏)The newly built café, the walls of_______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.
A. that B. it C. what D. which
【答案】D
【解析】定语从句表示咖啡屋的墙
10.(2010﹒陕西)The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.
A. where B. which C. its D. whose
【答案】D
【解析】所填词引导定语从句, 先行词是the old temple, 关系词在从句中做roof的定语, 用关系代词whose, 选D。其余选项与题意不符。
11.(2010﹒全国卷II)I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else’s fault.
A. who B. that C. as D. what
【答案】B
【解析】不定代词something作主语, 用that引导。
12.(2010﹒湖北)My mother was so proud of all ________（我所做的）that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do)
【答案】that I had done
【解析】先行词是 “all”的时候, 定语从句只能由 “that”引导, 又因为主句是一般过去时, “我”所做的事情是过去已经完成的事情, 所以要用过去完成时。
13.(2010﹒湖北)________(正如我们强调的那样)many times, “serve the people” is our first policy. (stress)
【答案】As we have stressed
【解析】当句子以整个主句作为先行词, 又放在主句前的非限定性定语从句只能由 “as”来引导, 主句的内容作定语从句谓语动词的宾语
14.(2010﹒北京)Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
A. what B. whose C. which D. that www. ks5u. com/gaokao/beijing
【答案】B
【解析】不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。较简单。本定语从句不缺成分, 为主系表结构, 因此只能在考虑填关系副词。A中的What不能引导定语从句。选B. whose谁的, 符合题意。
15.(2010﹒重庆)In china, the number of cities is increasing ________development is recognized across the world.
A. where B. which C. whose D. that
【答案】C
【解析】development与先行词cities之间是所属关系, 所以选whose。句意是：在中国, 城市的数量在增加, 城市的发展被全世界意识到。
16.(2010﹒浙江)The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village homes for a better life in the city.
A. whom B. which C. them D. those
【答案】A
【解析】由many之后的逗号和选项特征, 此处是主从句关系, 排除C、D项。由于先行词是 “1,000 people”, 表示人, 故用whom。句意为：这里居住着将近1000人, 他们中的许多人都背井离乡去城市追求更好的生活。
17.(2011﹒全国卷I)The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.
A. that B. which C. whose D. what
【答案】C
【解析】本题主句中的先行词writer和从句中的主语story有所属关系，译为作者的故事，因此选C。句子的意思是：我们的奖金会留给故事情节最富有想象力的作者。
18.(2011﹒全国卷II)Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ______ is a stupid thing to do in such weather
A. this B. that C. what D. which
【答案】D
【解析】分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，首先排除A和C；根据空前的逗号可知，该句为非限制性定语扶句，排除B。该从句应用which引导，which在从句中作主语，代指前丽的整个句子。
19.(2011﹒北京)Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _________, of course, make all the others upset.
A. who B. which C. what D. that
【答案】B
【解析】逗号后的非限定性定语从句中缺少主语，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句部分的内容。故选择which。
20.(2011﹒上海)You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire to reach your host family.
A. which B. where C. when D. as
【答案】A
【解析】先行词为the bus station，从句中谓语动词hire后差宾语，故用关系代词which。
21.(2011﹒山东)The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other.
A. they B. where C. what D. that
【答案】D
【解析】关系代词that代替先行词small houses，在从句中作主语。句意为：这座古老的城镇街道狭窄，小房子挨得很近。
22.(2011﹒江西)She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____had taken more than three years.
A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which
【答案】C
【解析】先行词为museum，在从句中充当定语，博物馆的建造工程花费了超过三年的时间。介词用of。选C。
23.(2011﹒江苏)Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _______ the audience can buy ice-cream.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
【答案】A
【解析】句意：音乐会的两大构成部分中间有幕间休息时间，在这段时间里观众可以去买冰激凌。When引导的定语从句修饰an interval，when在从句中作时间状语。首先解析句子结构，判断从句类型，题干说“在音乐会中间有间歇，此时你可以买冰激凌。”题干的前半部分完整无缺，后半部分补充说明这个间歇你可以干的事，所以这是一个非限定性定语从句，先行词为interval，非限定性定语从句的功能就是对先行词进行补充说明。由于从句部分不缺少主干成分，而且interval表时间，所以正确答案为A.
24.(2011﹒安徽)Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _____ it will keep for two or three weeks.
A. when B. which C. where D. while
【答案】A
【解析】句意为：剩下的任何东西都可以放入冰箱，在那里可以保存两三周。本题考查非限制性定语从句的关系副词。由句型结构可以看出，该题中的先行词refrigerator在从句中作介词的宾语，该介宾结构在定语从句中作地点状语，故选择关系副词where。when在从句中作时间状语；which在从句中作主语或宾语；while是连词，不能用于定语从句。
25.(2011﹒浙江)English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ____ uses it somewhat differently.
A. which B. what C. them D. those
【答案】A
【解析】本句中的先行词是several diverse cultures，先行词在从句中做each of的宾语，所有应用关系代词which。
26.(2011﹒浙江)A bank is the place ______ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.
A. when B. that C. where D. there
【答案】C
【解析】本句中的先行词是the place.，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以应该用关系副词where。
27.(2011﹒福建)She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ____ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
A. which B. where C. what D. who
【答案】A
【解析】分析句子成分可知，an atmosphere与修饰它的定语从句被for her students隔开，该从句缺少主语，所以用which。
28.(2011﹒福建)It was April 29,2001 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
A.that B.when C.since D.before
【答案】B
【解析】去掉It was及that后，April 29，2011不可以单独作时间状语，所以不是强调句型。用when引导定语从句修饰April29，2011。
29.(2011﹒四川)The school shop, ________ customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays.
A. which B. whose C. when D. where
【答案】D
【解析】此处whose引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词shop，在定语从句中作customers的定语。句意为“这个学校商店，——其主顾大多是学生，——因为放假就关门了。”
30.(2011﹒天津)The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
A. when B. that C. where D. which
【答案】A
【解析】句意为：when引导定语从句修饰The day。are gone为插入语。句意为：全部靠体力挣钱谋生的时代已经过去了。
31.(2011﹒陕西)I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, __________ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
A. which B. where C. who D. that
【答案】B
【解析】先行词是hill，表地点，定语从句we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake .句子成分中缺少状语，所以应用关系副词where。，答案选择
32.(2011﹒湖南)Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of _________ she spoke fluently.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
【答案】C
【解析】介词后只能使用的关系代词是which, who, whose, 因为句子中关系词指代是语言，故选C；句意：Julie擅长德语、法语和俄语，这三种语言她说得都很流利。
33.(2012﹒浙江)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _____, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.
A. which B. who C. where D. whom
【答案】B
【解析】who引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中做主语，修饰先行词Ellen（人名）。Which修行先行词是物的定语从句；whom修饰先行词为人，且在从句中做宾语；where修饰先行词是地点名词，且在从句中地点状语，均不符合语境，故排除。
34.(2012﹒浙江) We live in an age more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which
【答案】B
【解析】when引导定义从句，在从句中做时间状语，修饰先行词an age（时代）. 此处的when=at which。
35.(2012﹒江苏)After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_______ urgently needed clean water,
medicine and shelter to survive.
A. which B. who C. where D. what
【答案】B
【解析】指人的先行词people在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故选B项。
36.(2012﹒重庆) Sales director is a position ______ communication ability is just as important as sales
A. which B. that C. when D. where
【答案】D
【解析】“position”为先行词，后面是其定语从句，关系词在从句中作的是地点状语，因此，应该使用关系副词“where”来引导定语从句。因此，正确答案为D选项。
37.(2012﹒四川)In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses.
A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查定语从句。前后两句话之间无连词，故不能用人称代词them
而应用关系代词whom引导定语从句；在46个学生当中，表所属，应用of。故答案选C。
38.(2012﹒陕西)It is the third time that she has won the race, ______ has surprised us all.
A. that B. where C. which D. what
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。所填词前有逗号，是非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，关系词在从句中做主语，选C。其余选项与题干不符。
39.(2012﹒北京)When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
【答案】B
【解析】非限制性定语从句，which作表语。
40.(2012﹒全国卷II)That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.
A. that B. which C. what D. when
【答案】B
【解析】这里that evening是先行词，其在定语从句中作介词about的宾语，所以用which。句意：以后我将和你谈起的那个晚上，我工作到了很晚。
【考点定位】考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。
41.(2012﹒天津)I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _______help I would never have got this far.
A.who B. whose C. whom D. which
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词加关系代词引导的定语从句。根据句意没有他的帮助，我不会走这么远。故填whose表所属关系。
42.(2013﹒上海)An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area ______ interact with one another.
A. that B. where C. who D. what
【答案】A
【解析】题干的意思是：“生态系统是由一个区域里相互作用的生物和非生物构成的”。分析句子结构，______ interact with one another是定语从句，先行词是the living and nonliving things，通过还原法可知，先行词在从句中作主语，不是人，所以用that。务必记住：what不可引导定语从句。
43.(2013﹒浙江)The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform_________ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.
A. what B. where C. when D. why
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。where引导的定语从句修饰platform，where再从句中充当地点状语。解题思路：1.确定从句类型，主句主干完整，可判断出是定语从句而非名词性从句；2.查找先行词；3.判断从句主干是否完整，确定关系代词或关系副词在从句中充当什么成分。句意为这家博物馆将在春天开放，有一个展览和一个观看平台，在这个平台上参观者可以看到正在建造一个大玻璃屋。
44.(2013﹒重庆)John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ________ are family members.
A.them B.that
C.which D.whom
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查定语从句。逗号之后是一个非限定性定语从句，关系词that只能引导限定性定语从句，排除；先行词是people，which 只能指物，排除选项C；如果用them， 则逗号之后应该加上一个连词and，排除。
45.(2013﹒陕西) is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
A. It B. That C. What D. As
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查定语从句。as在此句中引导非限定性定语从句，放在句首，同时在从句中作主语，为正确答案；如果用it或者that，那么整个句子中缺少一个连词，排除选项A和B； 如果用what，逗号前面应该是一个主语从句，主语从句之后应该是谓语动词，而不是逗号之后再来一个句子，排除。句意为等医生到的时候，Amy好多了，孩子都这样。
46.(2013﹒四川)Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ________ they live.
A. what B. which C. when D. where
【答案】 D
【解析】the environment是先行词，在定语从句中做地点状语，“他们生活在这个环境中”，故用关系代词where。
47.(2013﹒山东)Finally he reached a lonely island ________ was completely cut off from the outside world.
A. when B. where C. which D. whom
【答案】C
【解析】定语从句的先行词为island，而先行词在从句中所做的成分是主语，所以用关系代词that或which；when和where引导定语从句时用做状语；而whom引导定语从句时做宾语。句意为最终他们到达了一个完全与外界隔绝的荒岛上。
48.(2013﹒山东)There is no simple answer, ________ is often the case in science.
A. as B. that C. when D. where
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。That是不可以引导非限制性定语从的；而when和where引导定语从句时不做主语。句意为没有简单的答案，正如科学界的许多情况一样。
49.(2013﹒辽宁)He may win the competition, ________ he is likely to get into the national team.
A.in which case B.in that case C.in what case D.in whose case
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构，He may win the competition为主句，剩下的只可以为从句，故先排除B。本题中，in which case引导非限制性定语从句，相当于and in that case。所以选A。
50.(2013﹒江西)He wrote a letter ________ he explained what had happened in the accident.
A. what B. which C. where D. how
【答案】C
【解析】解题关键是判断定语从句关联词的选择方法，即：根据先行词在定语从句中做的成分来判断。本题中先行词letter在从句中做地点状语，因此，正确答案为C。句意为他写了一封信，在信中他解释了事故中发生的一切。
51.(2013﹒江苏)The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，________ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
A.where B.which C.what D.when
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析：考查定语从句。先行词为 passion，定语从句中缺少宾语，故用关系代词 which。句意：世界银行总裁说他记得早在童年时代就开始了对中国的热爱。故B正确。
52.(2013﹒湖南)Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.
A. whom B. who C. what D. which
【答案】B
【解析】who指代先行词those（那些人），在从句中做主语， whom不能做主语，which指物，what不能引导定语从句，故选择B。
53.(2013﹒福建)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ________ lives were affected.
A. whose B. that C. who D. which
【答案】A
【解析】____ lives were affected.是定语从句，修饰those，从句的主语是____ lives，缺修饰语，所以选whose。
54.(2013﹒北京)Many countries are now setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected.
A. when B. which C. whose D. where
【答案】D
【解析】空处之后是一个定语从句，先行词是park，在定语从句中作地点状语，“in the park”，故应该选用关系副词where。句意为许多国家都在建立国家公园，可以保护很多动植物。
55.(2013﹒安徽)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, ________ made one of the Chinese people's long－held dreams come true
A.it B.That C.what D.which
【答案】D
【解析】首先根据句意确定逗号之后是一个非限定性定语从句，锁定正确答案是which；that 不能引导非限定性定语从句，排除；what不能引导定语从句，排除；如果用it， 根据句子结构，它的前面缺少一个连词，排除。句意为莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，使得中国人长久以来的一个梦想成真了。
56.(2013﹒天津)We have launched another man－made satellite，________ is announced in today's newspaper.
A. that B. which C.who D.what
【答案】B
【解析】本句中which指代的就是前面整句话的内容，即我们又发射了一颗人造卫星这件事，可翻译成“这一点”。
57.(2013﹒全国卷II)When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house______I would be staying.
A. what B. when C. where D. which
【答案】C
【解析】空处之后是一个定语从句，解题关键就是看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。这个句子中，先行词是house，在定语从句中，做地点状语，即：I would be staying in the house，所以要用关系副词where。
58.(2013﹒全国卷I) “You can’t judge a book by its cover,” ________ .
A. as the saying goes old B. goes as the old saying
C. as the old saying goes D. goes as old the saying
【答案】C
【解析】go old意思是“变老”，和题意不符，故排除选项A。选项B和D显然使用了全倒装语序，但本句不满足条件，不可能作为本题的正确答案。所以最佳答案是选项C，其中的as引导的非限制性定语从句，意思是“如……一样”。
59.(2013﹒浙江)The children, ______ had played the whole day long, were worn out.
A. all of what B. all of which C. all of them D. all of whom[
【答案】D
【解析】非限制性定语从句，介词of后用whom指代着前面的children。解题思路：1.数谓语，句子中有两个谓语，需要连词，排除C；2.确定从句类型，主句主干完整，可判断出是定语从句而非名词性从句，排除A；3.先行词是人，排除B，选择D。
60.(2014﹒安徽)The exact year________Anglela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
A.when B.Where C.why D.which
【答案】D
【解析】本题先行词为year，在定语从句中作及物动词spent的宾语，因此选用关系代词which。
61.(2014﹒北京)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，________my classmates recommended to me.
A.who B.Which C.when D.where
【答案】B
【解析】根据题干信息，定语从句的先行词为book，定语从句中缺乏宾语，加之逗号后为非限制性定语从句，所以本题选B。
62.(2014﹒福建)Students should involve themselves in community activities ________ they can gain experience for growth.
A.who B.when C.which D.where
【答案】D　
【解析】句意：学生应该使他们自己参与到团体活动中来，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长经验。根据句意可知，所填词引导定语从句，先行词是activities，并且从句中的主谓宾成分是齐全的，且不需要表示时间，故选择D项。
63.(2014﹒湖南)I am looking forward to the day ________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
A. as B. why C. when D. where
【答案】 C　
【解析】句意：我一直期待着我的女儿能读懂这本书，能明白我对她的感情的那一天。关系副词when引导定语从句，修饰先行词day，在从句中作时间状语。
64.(2014﹒江苏)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work ________ a good impression is a must.
A.which B.When C.as D.where
【答案】D
【解析】句意：这本书在我的日常交流方面给予了我很大帮助，尤其是在必须给别人留下一个好印象的工作中。分析句子结构可知，先行词为抽象名词work，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。
65.(2014﹒江西)Among the many dangers ________ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.
A. which B. what C. where D. when
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在水手们必须面对的许多危险中，也许最大的是雾。此题易误选C项，原因是没有分析清楚从句的句子成分。which在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词dangers，同时在从句中作face的宾语。
66.(2014﹒山东)A company ________profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.
A.which B.whose C.who D.why
【答案】B
【解析】句意：一个来自国内市场的利润在下降的公司可能会寻找国外机会。a company是先行词，其后是定语从句，定语从句的主语是profits，缺少定语，故选B。
67.(2014﹒陕西)Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position.
A. that B. which C. as D. what
【答案】A　
【解析】先行词是information，指物，关系词在从句中作及物动词have的宾语，且先行词用不定代词all修饰，关系词只能用that，故选A。
68.(2014﹒四川)Until now, we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children, ________ is quite unexpected.
A.that B.Which C.who D.it
【答案】B　
【解析】此处which指代整个主句内容引导非限制性定语从句，which在定语从句中作主语。句意：到现在为止，我们已经为那些贫穷的孩子们筹集到了50 000英镑，这是完全没有预料到的。
69.(2014﹒天津)English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, ________ uses it differently.
A. all of which B. each of which C. all of them D. each of them
【答案】B　
【解析】句意：英语是一种被好几种不同文化共同使用的语言，每一种文化使用它时都是不同的。首先A 项和C项中的all暗示空格后用use，故排除A、C；根据空格后的uses使用的是一般现在时，可知空格处需用单数名词或代词，可选B、D；再根据uses是谓语动词，可知空格处是主语，只有each of which能作主语，并构成了定语从句。
70.(2014﹒浙江)I didn't become a serious climber until the fifth grade，________ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.
A.when B.where C.which D.why
【答案】A　
【解析】句意：我直到五年级才成为一个真正的攀登者，那一年我爬上了树枝去够一只被卡的风筝。该句中的先行词是the fifth grade，此处先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，应该用关系副词when。故选A 项。定语从句的关键是：在主句中找出先行词，然后把先行词“代入”从句中，判断其在从句中的“地位”和“作用”。如果作主语和宾语，用关系代词who, whom, that和which；如果作状语，则用when, where, why等。
71.(2014﹒重庆)We'll reach the sales targets in a month ________ we set at the beginning of the year.
A. which B. where C. when D. what
【答案】A　
【解析】此处先行词targets被in a month所扰，考生容易错把month当成先行词而误选C。targets在定语从句中作set的宾语，所以关系词应用which或that。故选A。
72.(2015﹒湖南)It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages..
A. as B. where C. that D. which
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析：根据分析，此句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是place，在定语从句中是作主语的，所以用关系代词引导。As引导非限定性定语从句时要放在句首，故排除，选用which。句意：这真是一个令人愉快的地方，这里的蜿蜒的小路和美丽的小村庄一定和100年前看起来是一模一样的。故选D
73.(2015﹒北京)Opposite is St.Paul's Church,___you can hear some lovely music.
A. which B.that C.when D.where
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析：句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在教堂里你能听到一些优美的音乐。这是一个定语从句。先行词是St. Paul’s Church，从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出引导词在从句中作的是地点状语。用where。故选D。
74.(2015﹒重庆)He wrote many children’ s books, nearly half of____ were published in the 1990s.
A. whom B. which C. them D. that
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析：句意：他写了许多儿童书籍，几乎一半在1990年左右出版。先行词是books，定语从句中of缺少宾语，故选B项。
75.(2015﹒浙江)Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
A. as B. whose C. in which D. at which
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析:句意:创造一种雇员感觉是其中一员的氛围是一个大的挑战 。这是一个定语从句，in the atmosphere“在氛围中"是一一个固定搭配。此处也可以是where. 分析句子结构和结合四个选项,知道在这里面所需要填的是连词。然后空格之前是一个名词，这种情况首先考虑的是定语从句。然后分析之后的句子是具备完整的结构(有了主语employees和宾语part of a team)所以这应该是需要一个充当状语的连词，如where,when。why由于when用于时间，Why用于原因，剩下的使用where,所以这里填where。但是答案没有这个选项，根据搭配介词+which=where及in atmosphere是固定搭配，不难得出答案。
76.(2015﹒天津)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees enjoy their work.
A. where B. which C. when D. who
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析：句意：公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，其员工喜欢他们的工作。句中先行词为atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。根据句意可知选A。
77.(2015﹒四川)The books on the desk, covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
A.which B. what C. whose D. that
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析：考查定语从句。本题考查定语从句的关系词，先行词为the books，和covers之间存在所有关系，故选择C，意为书的封面。句意为：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。
78.(2015﹒陕西)As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.
A. which B. where C. whom D. when
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析：句意：作为家里最小的孩子，Alex总是渴望他能够有独立的时间。这里使用定语从句，先行词是the time，定语从句中缺少时间状语，用关系副词when，所以选D。
79.(2015﹒福建)China Today attracts a worldwide readership,_______ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
A. who B. whom C. that D. Which
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析：考查非限制性定语从句。根据句式结构来看出现了逗号，说明这是一个非限制性定语从句。首先That不能引导非限制性定语从句，who在引导非限制性定语从句的时候通常在从句中做主语和宾语，指人，而whom也指人，却只能做宾语。Which引导非限制性定语从句通常在从句中做主语或者宾语。关系词代指前面的中国日报，在定语从句中做主语。该句意思为：中国日报有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。故选D
80.(2015﹒江苏)The number of smokers, _____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
A. it B. which C. what D. as
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析：句意：据报道，吸烟者人数仅（过去）一年就减少了17%。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末，指代的是整个一句话。故选D项。考生容易误选B项which，把逗号前面的the number of smokers看成先行词，后面非限制性定语从句用which引导。殊不知，这里关系代词指代的是“The number of smokers has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.”整个一句话。另外，as和which在定语从句都可以指代一句话，但前者有“正如……”的意思，后者则没有。还可以抓住as is reported这一常用结构，类似的还有as is known/expected/planned/mentioned/said等。
81.(2015﹒安徽)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon______ school education depends.
A. it B. that C. whose D. which
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析:句意:一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。it 不能引导定语从句;that不用于介词之后;whose作定语，其后需有名词;depend on/upon依靠，依赖，介词后只能用which或whom来构成定语从句的引导词，故选D。
82.(2016﹒江苏)Many young people, most ______were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
A.of which B.of them C.of whom D.of those
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析: 考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是Many young people, 关系代词whom指代先行词，在定语从句中作为介词of的宾语。句意:很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想，其中大部分人都是受过良好教育。故C正确。
83.(2016﹒天津)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____ the weather may be better.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析：句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。使用定语从句，先行词是next week，定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少时间状语。故选D。
84.(2016﹒浙江) Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of ______ has been proved.
A. whom B. which C. what D. that
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析：句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证明了。使用定语从句，先行词是theories，指物，定语从句中用代词+介词+关系代词which引导。故选B。
85.(2017﹒北京)The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
A. that B. as C. where D. when
【答案】A
【解析】考查关系词。句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。此句是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是problems，用that。
86.(2017﹒江苏)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _______ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
A. which B. it’s C. whose D. whom
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：考查定语从句。先行词是“the World Food Programme”，“世界粮食项目”的目的之一是……， whose在定语从句中作定语，这里限定purposes，故选C。句意：1963年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是为了缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。
87.(2017﹒天津)My eldest son, _______ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
A. that B. whose C. his D. who
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析:本句是-一个非限制性定语从句， 先行词是My eldest son,根据句意和空后名词确定引导词在从句中作定语，选项中只有whose修饰名词作定语。故选B。
88.(2018﹒北京)She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.
A. which B. who C. as D. that
【答案】A
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。“____ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。
89. (2018﹒天津)Kae, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
A. whom B. that
C. whose D. her
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。故选C。
90. (2018﹒江苏)Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
A. that B. where
C. which D. when
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。故选B。
91.(2019﹒江苏) We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
A. which B. what C. when D. that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。 故选C。
92.(2019﹒天津) Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
A. why B. where
C. which D. what
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选B。
93.(2019﹒新课标I卷)One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
【答案】One afternoon I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词one afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用when。故将where改为when。
94.(2019﹒新课标II卷)Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les.
【答案】where
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。
95.(2019﹒新课标III卷)They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
96.(2019﹒新课标III卷) In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.
【答案】
In the cafe, customers will enjoy  themselves in the historical environment  is created for them. 
【解析】本句考查定语从句。先行词environment 在从句中做主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。故 把what改为that/which。
97.(2019﹒浙江)On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
98.(2019﹒北京)The students benefiting most from college are those ___9___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.
【答案】who/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。___3___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who或that。
99.(2020﹒江苏)Many lessons are now available online, from _____ students can choose for free.
A. whose B. which C. when D. whom
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。故选B。
100.(2020﹒天津)Dr. Rowan, ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
A. whose B. of whom C. of which D. which
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示”Dr. Rowan’s “，表示”……的”，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。
101.（2021·天津）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them.
A．from which B．in which C．with whom D．for whom
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：威廉·哈斯蒂曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中学习避免重复犯错。分析句子可知，past mistakes为现行词，_____ we can learn without repeating them.为定语从句，从句中谓语动词can learn可知，要从过去的错误中学习，learn from“从……中学习”，可知应用from which引导定语从句。故选A。
102.（2021·天津）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
A．where B．which C．that D．when
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在中国艺术节上有不同的展台，在那里艺术家可以展示他们的技巧并教给参观者。分析句子成分可知，stands 作先行词，空格后的句子为定语从句来修饰stands ，从句中不缺主宾表，故选关系副词，先行词stands 在从句中作地点状语，所以应用where。故选A。
103.（2021·天津）In the spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort in the natural world.
A．when B．where C．what D．which
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：春天是我们学习新的生活节奏的季节，许多人在大自然中找到了舒适感。此处a season是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，定语从句由关系副词when引导。故选A。

状语从句
1.(2010﹒福建)The girl had hardly rung the bell the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.
A. before B. until C. as D. since
【答案】A
【解析】根据 “rung the bell” 和 “the door was opened “的发生先后, 可以得出答案。句子的含义是：女孩还没来得及按门铃, 门就突然打开了。她的朋友们一拥而上去欢迎她。
2.(2010﹒上海) our manage objects to Tom’s joining the club, we shall accept him as a member.
A. Until B. Unless C. If D. After
【答案】B
【解析】此句意思是 “除非我们经理反对tom加入俱乐部, 不然我们都应接受他成为其中一员。”
3.(2010﹒安徽)The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, ________they have the interest.
A. wherever B. whenever C. even if D. as if
【答案】C
【解析】句意为 “工程师们非常繁忙, 即使（even if）有户外体育活动的兴趣也没有时间去做。”
4.(2010﹒安徽)Just use this room for the time being, and we’ll offer you a larger one _______it becomes available
A. as soon as B. unless C. as far as D. until
【答案】A
【解析】句意为 “仅暂时使用此房间, 它一（as soon as）可以正常使用, 我们就提供你一个大点的。”
5.(2010﹒江西)— Our holiday cost a lot of money.
— Did it? Well, that doesn’t matter______ you enjoyed yourselves.
A as long as B unless C as soon as D though
【答案】A
【解析】as long as只要 unless 除非否则 as soon as 一就 though虽然, 后一句为只要你玩的开心, 花多少钱就不重要。
6.(2010﹒全国卷I)Mary made coffee ________ her guests were finishing their meal .
A. so that B. although C. while D. as if
【答案】C
【解析】句意：Mary做咖啡当她的客人们将要结束用餐的时候。根据选项此题考查连词的用法。so that译为 “以便”表示目的, although译为 “尽管, 虽然”, as if译为 “好像”, while译为 “当….的时候”, 因此while符合句意, 选择C。
7.(2010﹒全国卷I)The little boy won’t go to sleep ______ his mother tells him a story.
A. or B. unless C. but D. whether
【答案】B
【解析】句意：这个小男孩儿不会睡觉除非他的妈妈给他讲故事。根据选项此题考查连词的用法。or译为 “或者”表示选择, unless译为 “除非”表示条件, but译为 “但是”表示转折, whether译为 “是否”, 根据句意选择B。
8.(2010﹒辽宁)The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair ______ he wanted to sit next to his wife.
A.although B.unless C.because D.if
【答案】C
【解析】句意：这位老人叫露丝挪到另一把椅子上因为他想跟他妻子挨着坐。空格前后两个句子在逻辑意义上存在原因关系, 所以用because引导原因状语从句。Although引导让步状语从句, unless和if引导条件状语从句。
9.(2010﹒北京) they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures.
A. As B. While C. Until D. Once
【答案】D
【解析】此题重在句意的判断。 “一旦学生们决定了去哪所大学读书, 他们就得研究下办理入学的手续。”A. As当；因为...B. while做连词强调一件事发生时另外一个动作正在进行；C. Until直到...D. Once一旦。因此选D
10. (2010﹒湖南)Tim is in good shape physically he doesn’t get much exercise.
A. if B. even though C. unless D. as long as
【答案】B
【解析】句意为：“尽管Tim不经常锻炼, 但他身材很好。”前后是让步转折关系, 故选B项。
11.(2010﹒山东)The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, ______ accompanied by an adult.
A. once B. when C. if D. unless
【答案】D
【解析】句意应为“学校规章规定：除非有成年人陪同, 否则孩子们在校期间不能出学校。”表示 “除非”用unless。该句式构成了 “连词+过去分词”结构。
12.(2010﹒上海) you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.
A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problem
C. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem
【答案】C
【解析】根据句意 “无论你有多么严重的问题, 你都应该鼓起勇气面对挑战”, 而however表让步时其顺序应是：however + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语。however做连接副词, 相当于no matter how,后接形容词或副词, 意为 “无论、不管” , 引导让步状语从句, 其序为 “however+形容词、副词+主语+谓语”。
13.(2010﹒四川)Because of the heavy traffic, it was already time for lunch break she got to her office.
A. since B. that C. when D. until
【答案】C
【解析】句意为： “因为交通阻塞, 当她到达办公室时已经是午休的时间了。”, 故此处应为when引导的时间状语从句, 故正确答案为C。

14.(2010﹒陕西) John thinks it won’t be long he is ready for his new job.
A. when B. after C. before D. since
【答案】C
【解析】所填词引导状语从句, 构成It（will）be+时间段+状语从句, 意思是：过多久才将......, 选C。
15.(2010﹒重庆)Today, we will begin _______we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.
A. when B. where C. how D. what
【答案】B
【解析】今天, 为了不遗漏要点, 我们从昨天结束的地方开始。where 引导地点状语从句。
16. (2011﹒全国卷I)Try____ she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open.
A. if B. when C. sine D. as
【答案】D
【解析】题目前半句说，她试过；后半句说Sue不能打开门，明显前后两句意思相反。As表示虽然，尽管。
17.(2011﹒全国卷II)It was a nice meal, _______a little expensive.
A. though B. whether C. as D. since
【答案】A
【解析】句意：那顿饭真美味，尽管有点贵。Though”尽管”，引导让步状语从句，该句使用了省略形式，补全为“though it was a little expensive”注意as也可以表示“尽管”，但as作此意时必须使用倒装结构。
18. (2011﹒北京)__________ volleyball is her main focus, she’s also great at basketball.
A. Since B. Once C. Unless D. While
【答案】D
【解析】句意为：虽然排球是她的主要项目，但她还擅长篮球。while“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。Since“自从”once“一旦”unless“除非”均不合题意。
19.(2011﹒上海)If a lot of people say a film is not good, I won’t bother to see it, or I’ll wait ____ it comes out on DVD.
A. whether B. after C. though D. until
【答案】D
【解析】句意为：如果众人都说一部电影不好，我不会急着去看，或者会等到结果出来。
20.(2011﹒上海)The police officers in our city work hard _____ the rest of us can live a safe life.
A. in case B. as if C. in order that D. only if
【答案】C
【解析】句意为：为了让我们大家过上平安的日子，我市警察工作非常卖力。
21.(2011﹒江西)Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or ______ it is convenient to you.
A. whenever B. however C. whichever D. wherever
【答案】A
【解析】whenever无论何时，however然而 whichever任何一个 wherever 无论哪里。请打电话给我的秘书安排今天下午的会议，或者在任何你方便的    。关系副词在后句中充当状语，根据语境可知是指时间，选A。
22.(2011﹒浙江)One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away ______my daughter heard cries for help.
A. after B. while C. since D. when
【答案】D
【解析】语义表示我们正在收拾行李，这时我的女儿听到求救的呼喊。Be doing when表示“正在做某事，这时(突然)…”是常见结构，故选D项。
23.(2011﹒福建)It was April 29, 2001 ____ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
A. that B. when C. since D. before
【答案】B
【解析】句意为：2001年4月29日，威廉王子和凯特步入了婚姻的殿堂。
24.(2011﹒四川)Frank insisted that he was not asleep _____ I had great difficulty in waking him up.
A. whether B. although C. or D. so
【答案】B
【解析】句意为：尽管我很费力才将他叫醒，但Frank坚持说他没有睡着。Although引导让步状语从句。
25.(2011﹒四川)As it reported, it is 100 years _____________Qinghua University was founded.
A. when B. before C. after D. since
【答案】D
【解析】“It is + 时间段 +since + 从句（谓语为一般过去时）”为固定句型，故答案选D。句意为：“正如所报道的那样，自从清华大学建校以来已有100年时间了。”
26.(2011﹒辽宁)No matter how ________ , it is not necessarily lifeless.
A. a desert may be dry B. dry a desert may be
C. may a desert be dry D. dry may a desert be
【答案】B
【解析】句意为：无论沙漠多么的干燥，都不肯能没有生命。How+adj.+陈述语序。
27.(2011﹒辽宁)He had no sooner finished his speech _____ the students started cheering.
A. since B. as C. when D. than
【答案】D
【解析】句意为：他刚一结束演讲，同学们就欢呼起来。固定句式no sooner…than….。
28.(2011﹒陕西)The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be ______the present one.
A. as three times big as B. three times as big as
C. as big as three times D. as big three times as
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析：考查倍数表达法。倍数表达法：倍数+as+ adj+名词 as+其他。注意：倍数永远都要放在最前面。句意：为了亚运会建设的这做新的体育馆将是现在的这座的三倍大。根据句意说明B正确。
29.(2011﹒天津)____ regular exercise is very important, it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
A. It B. As C. Although D. Unless
【答案】C
【解析】although“尽管”; As “如”; Unless “除非”。句意为：尽管有规律的运动很重要，但是在睡前运动不是一个好主意。
30.(2011﹒陕西)__________all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.
A. Since B. While C. If D. As
【答案】B
【解析】While的意思是“虽然，尽管”，相当于though或although’。这句话的意思是：虽然他们都是强有力的候选人，但只有一个人被选中担任这个职务。
31.(2011﹒山东)He had his camera ready _____ he saw something that would make a good picture.
A. even if B. if only C. in case D. so that
【答案】C
【解析】句意“他准备好了相机以防看到可以拍摄的景物。”in case 为“以防；以免”even if为“即使”if only 为“如果…”,so that “为了，以便”。
32.(2011﹒重庆)To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off ______ we are to shake hands with.
A. whichever B. whenever C. whoever D. wherever
【答案】C
【解析】句意为“我们不论是跟谁握手的时候，我们常常将手套取下，以示尊敬。”shake hands with sb.表示“与某人握手”，本句中的with后缺少宾语，结合句意选C项，whoever在句中引导让步状语从句。
33.(2011﹒湖南)Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him _______he had done something very clever.
A .as if B. in case C. while D. though
【答案】A
【解析】根据句意，空格处需要填入"好像，仿佛"。故选A。句意：Jack什么也没说，但老师向他笑了笑，好像他做了件聪明的事情一样。
34.(2011﹒天津)____ regular exercise is very important, it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
A. It B. As C. Although D. Unless
【答案】C
【解析】although“尽管”; As “如”; Unless “除非”。句意为：尽管有规律的运动很重要，但是在睡前运动不是一个好主意。
35.(2012﹒江苏9)— Thank God you're safe!
—I stepped back, just to avoid the racing car.
A. in time B. in case C. in need D. in vain
【答案】A
【解析】in time意为“及时”，in case意为“万一，假使”；in need意为“需要”；in vain意为“徒劳，无济于事”。句意为：——谢天谢地，你是安全的！——我走回去，正好避免赛车。符合题意。
36. (2012﹒湖北)The furniture, with its modern style and bright colors, suits modern houses and their gardens, but looks _______ in the garden of a traditional home
A. out of question B. out of order C. out of sight D. out of place
【答案】D
【解析】句意为：这套家具款式新潮，色泽明丽，与新式房屋和花园配套，但看起来与传统的房子和花园不相称。D项意为“与……不相称”，符合句意。A项意为“毫无疑问”，B项意为“次序颠倒”，C项意为“看不见”，都与句意不符。
37.(2012﹒重庆—Coach, can I continue with the training?
—Sorry, you can’t ______you haven’t recovered from the knee injury.
A. until B. before C. to consider D. unless
【答案】 C
【解析】短语语境表示“抱歉，你不能继续训练因为你膝盖受的伤还没有恢复。”由此可知，空白处后面为原因状语从句，C选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为C选项。
38.(2012﹒山东)A number of high buildings have arisen _______ there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
A. when B. where C. before D. until
【答案】B
【解析】此处是where引导地点状语从句，表示“在……地方”。 句意：很多高楼在一年前还是废墟的地方矗立起来了。
39. (2012﹒山东)He smiled politely ______ Mary apologized for her drunken friends.
A. as B. if C. unless D. though
【答案】A
【解析】此处是as引导这个时间状语从句，这里smile和apologize同时进行，as意为：当…的时候。句意：当玛丽为她喝醉了朋友道歉时，他礼貌地微笑着。
40. (2012﹒福建)It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties_________ gets more financial support from the European Union.
A. If B. unless C. because D. since
【答案】B
【解析】根据句意可知“除非有来自欧洲联盟的更多的经济支持，否则希腊政府很难克服目前的困难”，只能选择unless“除非”才能使句意完整。考查状语从句的连词题事实上非常简单，只要找到句中的关键词，然后从句意上去排除就行了，本题关键词是hard和more financial support。
41. (2012﹒江西)You can borrow my car you promise not to drive too fast.
A.unless B.even if C.in case D.as lone as
【答案】D
【解析】句意为只要你保证不开得太快，你就可以把我的车借走。A.unless除非，B.even if即使，C.in case以防万一，D.as long as只要。选D。
42.(2012﹒辽宁)Leave your key with your neighbor you lock yourself out one day.
A. as long as B. even though C. in case D. as if
【答案】C
【解析】A项意为“只要”；B项意为“尽管”；C项意为“以防”；D项意为“好像”。根据句意：把你的钥匙留给你的邻居，以防你把自己锁在外面了。所以选C项。
43. (2012﹒四川)If you happen to get lost in the wild, you’d better stay ______ you are and wait for help.
A. why B. where C. who D. what
【答案】B
【解析】where引导的地点状语表明主句动作发生的地点，即：你最好呆在你现在所在的地方。故选B。
44.(2012﹒陕西)Hot _______the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
A. although B. as C. while D. however
【答案】B
【解析】hot是做从句的表语，提前说明从句时倒装，即as引导的让步状语从句中，要将从句中的表语，状语，或动词原形提到as之前，故选B。
45.(2012﹒陕西)All the photographs in this book, _______ stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.
A. unless B. until C. once D. if
【答案】A
【解析】题干意思是：除过被标明的以外，书中其余所有的图片都可以追溯到20世纪50年代。所填词表条件，从句用了省略句，引导词意思是：除非，如果不，选A。
46.(2012﹒北京)—Look at those clouds!
—Don’t worry. ______ it rains, we’ll still have a great time.
A. Even if B.As though C. In case D. If only
【答案】A
【解析】even if 即便，as though似乎，in case 以防，if only要是…多好。
47.(2012﹒全国卷II)I had hardly got to the office ______ my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
A. when B. than C. until D. after
【答案】A
【解析】此题较易。只要辨认出固定句型hardly. . .when . . .问题即刻解决。句意：我刚到办公室，我妻子就给我打电话让我立刻回家。
48.(2012﹒全国卷I) I don't believe we've met before, I must say you do look familiar.
A. therefore B. although
C. since D. unless
【答案】B
【解析】句意：尽管我一定说你确实看起来熟悉，但我相信我们以前没见过面。根据句意只有although符合题意。
49. (2013﹒安徽)It’s much easier to make friends ______ you have similar interests.
A. unless B. when C. even though D. so that
【答案】B
【解析】本题可以把四个选项分别放到空处，其中只有选项B能使语意通顺，为正确答案；其他三个选项的意思分别是“除非”，“即使”，“以便”，都不合乎句意，排除。
50. (2013﹒北京)I took my driving license with me on holiday, ______ I wanted to hire a car.
A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if only
【答案】A
【解析】本题的解题关键是弄清“我带驾照”跟“租车之间”之间的逻辑关系，这样正确答案就很容易锁定了。句意为度假时我带了驾照，以防我要租车。
51.(2013﹒江苏)In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, ______ it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world.
A. whatever B. whoever C. wherever D. whichever
【答案】C
【解析】在状语从句_____ it is discovered中，不缺少任何主要成分，所以引导词只能在从句中作状语，只可以选择副词性质的，所以答案很明显，选C。
52.(2013﹒辽宁)One can always manage to do more things, no matter____ full one’s schedule is in life.
A. how B. what C. when D. where
【答案】A
【解析】让步状语从句中，no matter how=however。根据how+adj./adv.的原则，本题中full是形容词，所以选择A。
53.(2013﹒湖南)You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason _____ you reach any decision.
A. although B. before C. because D. unless
【答案】B
【解析】解题思路：理清逻辑关系。对比reach any decision 和consult your feelings and your reason关系，不难看出，兼顾好情感与理智在前，做任何决定在后。
54.(2013﹒江西)She says that she’ll have to close the shop _____ business improves.
A. if B. unless C. after D. when
【答案】B.
【解析】A.如果；B.如果不；除非；；C.在……之后；D.当……时候。句意为她说如果生意没有好转的话，她将不得不关掉这个商店。
55.(2013﹒陕西)I have heard a lot of good things about you _____ I came back from abroad.
A. until B. since C. when D. before
【答案】A
【解析】现在完成时态的其中一个用法是表示一个动作“从过去的某个时候发生，一直延续到现在”，从本句中的主句是现在完成时，从句是一般过去时来看，整个句子表达的正是这样的一个动作，故连词用since；如果用until或者before，则主句表示的动作都是发生在从句之前，都应该用过去完成时，排除B，C；如果用when，则主句应该用一般过去时，排除D。
56. (2013﹒上海)They promised to develop a software package by the end of this year, ______ they might have.
A. however difficult B. how difficult
C. whatever difficulty D. what difficulty
【答案】C
【解析】题干的意思是：“他们承诺，无论可能有什么困难，到今年底都要开发出一个软件包”。本题是一个主从复合句，由句意“无论”可知是让步状语从句，从而排除选项B，D。从句中的关键词是实义动词have，用还原法，可知是短语have difficulty，所以从句为whatever difficulty they might have。如果选B，则从句要改为：however difficult it might be。
57.(2013﹒上海)I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise _____ I am sitting.
A. before B. until C. unless D. where
【答案】D
【解析】本题四个选项都为常见状语从句引导词，A. before引导时间状语从句，“在……之前”；B. until引导时间状语从句，“直到……为止”；C. unless引导条件状语从句，“除非……，如果不……”；D. where引导地点状语从句，“在……的地方”。
58.(2013﹒四川)He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son _____ he wants to.
A. even if B. as if C. because D. before
【答案】A
【解析】句子的前段说他不能腾出时间，后段说他想，前后之间明显是让步关系，“即使想，也不能”，故正确答案是even if。其他三个选项的意思分别是好像，因为，在……之前，均不合句意，排除。
59.(2013﹒新课标I)There’s no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery _____ another man, also intelligent, fails.
A. since B: if C. as D. while
【答案】D
【解析】四个选项都可以作从属连词使用，引导状语从句。since引导时间状语从句，意思是“自……以来”；引导原因状语从句，意思是“既然；因为”。if引导条件状语从句，意思是“如果”。as 引导时间、原因、方式、比较等状语从句，意思是“当……的时候；随着……；因为……；像……；和……”等。while引导时间状语从句，意思是“当……的时候”。此外，while还可作并列连词，表示转折和对比，意思是“然而”，显然符合句意的是选项D。
60.(2013﹒天津) _____ small, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.
A. As B. If C. Although D. Once
【答案】C
【解析】although做连词意为“尽管，虽然”，符合前后的让步的逻辑关系；实际上，本句省略了主语和系动词it is。
61.(2013﹒重庆)______we have enough evidence, we can't win the case.
A. Once B. As long as C. Unless D. Since
【答案】C
【解析】“我们有足够的证据”和“我们不能赢得这个案子”之间的关系有可能是两种：（1）让步关系；（2）否定前面的意思。四个选项中，没有表让步关系的although/though,，那么答案就应该是否定前面的意思，用unless，“如果我们没有……，我们就不能……”；其他三个连词明显与句意不符，排除。
62.(2014﹒安徽)The meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times ________ it finally came to include the sense “pleasant”.
A.before B.after
C.since D.while
【答案】A
【解析】根据finally可知，从句谓语动词的动作后于主句的谓语动词的动作而发生，据此可排除B和C，while引导时间状语从句时，表示主句和从句谓语动词的动作同时发生。句意：“nice”一词的含义变化了数次，直到最后它才包括了“pleasant”的含义。故选A。
63.(2014﹒北京)________ the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year.
A.As B.When
C.Even though D.In case
【答案】C
【解析】句意：即使(尽管)那个森林公园很远，每年还是有很多人去参观。even though 意为“即使，尽管”，引导让步状语从句；in case引导目的状语从句。故选C。
64.(2014﹒湖南)You will never gain success________you are fully devoted to your work.
A. when B. because
C. after D. unless
【答案】D
【解析】句意：如果你不是全身心地投入到工作中去，你永远不可能获得成功。此处unless相当于if not，表示含有否定意义的条件。
65.(2014﹒江苏)Lessons can be learned to face the future, ________ history cannot be changed.
A.though B.As C.since D.unless
【答案】A　
【解析】句意：尽管历史不可能被改变，但是我们可以吸取教训来迎接未来。根据语境可知此处用though引导让步状语从句，故A项正确。
66.(2014﹒江西)It was the middle of the night ________ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.
A. that B. as C. which D. when
【答案】D
【解析】句意：当我父亲叫醒我，告诉我看球赛的时候是半夜。when在此引导时间状语从句。此题易误选A项，原因是把此句看成了强调句型，要注意分析句子成分。
67.(2014﹒陕西)The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left ________ I could ask for their names.
A. while B. before C. after D. since
【答案】B
【解析】句意：那对归还了我钱包的年轻夫妻在我询问他们的姓名之前已经离开了。所填词引导时间状语从句，意思是“在……之前”，故选B。
68.(2014﹒四川)I'll be out for some time. ________ anything important happens, call me up immediately.
A. In case B. As if C. Even though D. Now that
【答案】A　
【解析】in case万一，以防；as if好像；even though即使；now that既然，由于。句意：我要出去一会儿。万一发生了什么重要的事情，马上给我打电话。根据句意可知选A项。
69.(2014﹒天津)________ you start eating in a healthier way, weight control will become much easier.
A. Unless B. Although C. Before D. Once
【答案】D　
【解析】unless 如果不，除非，引导条件状语从句；although虽然，尽管，引导让步状语从句；before 以前，引导时间状语从句；once一旦，引导时间状语从句。句意：一旦你开始用健康的方式吃饭，体重控制将会变得容易多了。
70.(2014﹒浙江)Cathy had quit her job when her son was born ________ she could stay home and raise her family.
A.now that B.as if C.only if D.so that
【答案】D　
【解析】句意：凯西在她儿子出生的时候就辞去了工作，这样她就能在家里照顾家人了。根据句意知，此处是so that引导的目的状语从句，同时由从句中的could也可以推断出应该选so that。now that既然；as if似乎；only if只要。
71.(2014﹒重庆)Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn't get a taxi ________ the bus had dropped her.
A. until B. when C. although D. where
【答案】D　
【解析】主句“Lucy couldn't get a taxi…”和从句“…the bus had dropped her.”均需要地点状语。故选D。
72.(2015﹒湖南)Video games can be a poor influence if ________ in the wrong hands.
A. to leave B. leaving C. leave D. left
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析:用作状语的从句叫状语从句。状语从句可置于句首、句末或句中，-般来说，状语从句都比较完整。但是，在-一些状语从句中存在的省略问题，可以归纳为以下两点:1.when,while,if as if although\though as,until, once,whether,unless,where等引导的从句中,如果其谓语为be ,而主语与主句的主语相同时,则从句的主语和be可省略。有时从句的主语为in时，也可省略it或从句中的有关成分。2.than,as,no matter what\who等后面成分的省略。句意:如果电子游戏落入一个错误的人手中就能够产生一个不良影响。
73. (2015﹒北京)You won’t find paper cutting difficult _____you keep practicing it.
A. even if B. as long as C .as if D. ever since
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析：句意：只要你不断练习，你不会觉得剪纸很难。A. even though即使，虽然;B. as long as只要；C. as if犹如，好像；D. ever since自从。结合句意，故选B。
74.(2015﹒北京) _____the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.
A. Until B. Unless C. Once D. Although
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析:句意:一旦农田被毁坏，将需要许多年的时间才能得以恢复。A unti1 译为到...为止，直到....才，...以前; B. unless译为如果不，除非; C. once译为一旦，一 经..... :便; D. although译为虽然，然而，尽管。结合句意，故选C
75.(2015﹒重庆)If you miss this chance, it may be years ____ you get another one.
A.as B. before C. since D. after
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析： As 因为了 before之前；since由于；after之后； 句意：如果你错过这次机会，可能要等一的才会再有。It be 时间段 before ..表示要。。多么才会。。，故选B项。
76.(2015﹒浙江) a single world can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.
A. Just as B. Even though C. Until D. Unless
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析：句意：正如一个单词可以改变句子的意思那样，一个句子也能够改变一个段落的意思。A意为正如， B意为尽管，用于让步状语从句， C意为直到， D意为除非。分析逗号前后表达所使用的结构句式是相同的：world 对应 sentence, a sentence 对应 paragraph. 这正好是一种对应，也就是正如的关系，此外，如果把BCD选项代入进去翻译，可以发现这种翻译是不正确的。所以答案是选A。
77.(2015﹒天津) We need to get to the root of the problem______ we can solve it.
A. while B. after C. before D. as
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析：句意：在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。A. while当……时候，而；B. after在……之后； C. before 在……之前；D. as正如。根据句意可知选C。
78.(2015﹒四川)There is only one more day to go your favorite music group play live.
A. since B. until C. when D. before
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析：考查连词。选项A意为自从；选项B意为直到；选项C意为当…时；选项D意为在…之前。此题前一分句意为：还有一天；后一分句意为：你最喜欢的乐队现场表演。根据句意选择D，句意为：还有一天你最喜欢的乐队将会现场演奏。
79.(2015﹒陕西)I believe you will have a wonderful time here you get to know everyone else.
A. though B. as if C. once D. so that
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析：句意：我相信一旦你了解这里的每个人，你将玩得很愉快。though虽然；as if好像；once一旦；so that为了。所以选C。
80.(2015﹒福建)_________the students came from different countries, they got along quite well in the summer camp.
A. While B. Unless C. Since D. Until
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析：考查连词辨析。这里是一个while引导的让步状语从句。A.while尽管（引导让步状语从句）；B.unless除非（通常用于条件状语从句）；C.since自从（引导时间状语从句）；D.until直到…才…（通常用在时间状语从句中）。结合句意：尽管学生都来自不同的国家，他们在夏令营里面都相处得很好。故选A
81.(2015﹒江苏)It is so cold that you can’t go outside _____ fully covered in thick clothes.
A. if B. unless C. once D. when
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析:句意:外面太冷了，你不要出去,除非用厚衣服完全裏起来。A项“如果”; B项“除非; C项“一旦”; D项....时候”。“unless fully covered”为连词+省略结构”，补充完整为“unless you are"。故选B项。“连词+省略结构省略了从句的主语(与主句主语一致)和主语后的动词be。考生应根据前后句意判断出前后逻辑关系，然后选择正确答案。同时,考生要注意归纳这类连词: when. while表示时间; if unless"表示条件”，once' 表示时间或条件; though although, even if(though)表示“ 让步”。
82.(2015﹒安徽)______ he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.
A. Where B. As C. In case D. Now that
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析：句意：曾经让他感到想放弃的地方，现在他决心继续前进。A那里；B尽管，当，因为，随着；C以防；D既然。where表示地点，引导让步状语从句；as引导让步状语从句常用倒装，即tried as he has；in case表目的；now that表原因。这里指让他感到想放弃的地方，故选A。
83.(2015﹒安徽)______ scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still don't know.
A. Once B. Since C. Though D. Unless
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析：句意：虽然科学家已经了解到很多有关宇宙的知识，但是，我们仍然不知道的还有很多。A一旦；B既然，自从；C虽然；D除非。once和unless表示条件，since表示原因或时间；though表示让步或转折。这里是转折含义，故选C。
84.(2015﹒湖南)________ the job takes a significant amount of time, most students agree that the experience is worth it.
A. If only B. After C.Although D.In case
【答案】C 　
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：尽管这项工作需要占用大量的时间，但是大部分学生还是认为(从工作中获得的)这些经验还是值得的。根据句意可知，主从句构成让步关系。故选C。
85.(2016﹒浙江﹒T5)_______online shopping has changed our life , not all of its effects have been positive.
A. Since B. After C. While D. Unless
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析:句意:尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活,单数不是所有的影响都是积极的。While引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”; since 既然，自从; after ....后; umless 除非。故选C。
86.(2016﹒江苏)_____some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure.
A.Because B.If C.Unless D.While
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析:考查连词。连词because 因为，f如果; unless 除非，.如....... while尽管; 然而;当..时;句意:尽管- -些人被成功的渴望驱使着，但是其他人却被失败的恐惧驱使着前进。根据句意可知上下文之间存在转折关系，所以使用"while尽管.. ?”连接。故D项正确。
87.(2016﹒天津)______ the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.
A. Unless B. Until C. As D. While
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析:句意:随着人口平均年龄的增长，越来越多的老人要照顾。unless 除非; until 直到; as因为，正如，随着: while虽然，然而，当..... 时候。根据语境，故选C。
88.(2017﹒北京)______ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.
A. Once B. If C. Although D. Because
【答案】C
【解析】[解析]考查连词。句意:尽管鸟儿们用羽毛来飞翔,但是他们的一些羽毛还有其他用途，前后之间是让步关系，故选C。
89. (2017﹒北京)If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people _______ you figure it out.
A. because B. though C. until D. since
【答案】C
【解析】考查连词。句意：如果你无法理解某个东西，你可能会研究，学习和他人探讨直到你解决为止。根据句意可知选C。
90.(2017﹒江苏)Located _______ the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
A. why B. when C. which D. where
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析：考查状语从句。be located in+地点名词，位于/坐落某地，where引导的地点状语从句在此相当于in some place，故选D。句意：位于丝绸之路交汇处的江苏省将会对“一带一路”的建设做出更大的贡献。
91.(2018﹒北京)_________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
A. Although B. While C. If D. Until
【答案】C
【解析】[解析]考查状语从句。句意:如果我们不阻止气候变化,那么世界上的很多动植物都将会消失。动植物不灭绝的前提条件是阻止气候变化。although尽管;while...时候,尽管,然而;if如果;until直到。故C选项正确,
92.(2018﹒天津)Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend ___________they get sweet enough to be eaten.
A. ever since B. as if C. even though D. so that
【答案】D
【解析】[解析]考查连词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意:让我们这个周末再摘这些桃子，这样的话，它们吃起来就变得足够的甜。A. ever since自那时起; B. as if好像; C. even though尽管; D. so that以便。从句为目的状语从句，故用so that引导。故选D。
93.(2018﹒江苏)_______ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
A. Once B. Unless
C. If D. When
【答案】B
【解析】考查连词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：除非你睡得好，否则一两个晚上之后，你会失去专注、计划和保持动力的能力。A. Once一旦；B. Unless除非；C. If如果；D. When当……时候。故选B。
94.(2019﹒江苏) The doctor shares his phone number with the patients __________ they need medical assistance.
A. if only B. as if C. even though D. in case
【答案】D
【解析】考查状语从句的连词。句意：医生给了病人他的手机号码，以防病人需要医疗援助。A. if only要是…多好；B. as if好像，仿佛；C. even though即使，尽管；D. in case以备，以防，免得。故选D。
95.(2019﹒天津) Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion _________ he wants their support.
A. since B. once C. unless D. after
【答案】C
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：汤姆是如此独立，以至于他从来不征求父母的意见，除非他想得到他们的支持。since因为；once一旦；unless除非；after在……之后，根据题意，故选C。
96.(2020﹒江苏)They decide to have more workers for the project ____ it won’t be delayed.
A. even if B. as if C. now that D. so that
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：他们决定为这项工程增加工人，以免耽搁。A. even if即使；B. as if好像；C. now that既然；D. so that为了。空后it won’t be delayed是前面采取措施的目的，应使用so that引导目的状语从句。故选D。
97.（2021·天津）We all need to get involved in saving energy ________ it's at work, at home, or at school.
A．unless B．once C．whether D．because
【答案】C
【解析】考查状语从句连接词词义辨析。句意：无论是在工作中，在家里，还是在学校，我们都需要参与到节约能源的活动中来。A.unless除非；B.once 一旦；C.whether无论；是否；D.because 因为。分析句子，该空需要一个连词引导让步状语从句，根据句意及后面的or ，需要表示“无论是…还是…”，whether符合题意。故选C项。

特殊句式
1.(2010﹒全国卷I)I have seldom seen my mother ___ pleased with my progress as she is now .
A. so B. very C. too D. rather
【答案】A
【解析】此题考查so…as….的固定结构。句意：我很少看到妈妈像现在一样为我的进步如此开心。此题考查so…as….的固定结构, 题干中的关键词是as, 译为 “像…..一样, 正如…..一样”。因此选择A。
2.(2010﹒安徽)It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village _______ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.
A. where B. that C. when D. which
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查强调句型。迷惑点在于强调部分中含有一个定语从句that she had bought in the village。
3.(2010﹒湖南)John’s success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work has made him what he is today.
A. why B. when C. which D. that
【答案】D
【【解析】考查强调句型。题干为强调句型, 被强调部分为years of hard work, 故选D项。
4.(2010﹒江苏)—I have tried very hard to find a solution to the problem, but in vain. w_
—why not consult with Frank? You see, _________.
A. great minds think alike
B. two heads are better than one
C. a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush
D. it’s better to think twice before doing something
【答案】B
【解析】考查谚语。表示三个臭皮匠凑成诸葛亮./ A 英雄所见略同./C 一鸟在手胜于二鸟在林./ D.三思而后行.
5.(2010﹒江苏)—Is everyone here?
—Not yet……Look , there_______ the rest of our guests!
A. come B. comes C. is coming D. are coming
【答案】A
【解析】考查倒装句及主谓一致。在there be句型中，谓语动词根据后面的主语而定。
6.(2010﹒四川)If you have a job, yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.
A. do devote B. don’t devote C. devoting D. not devoting
【答案】A
【解析】考查谓语动词的强调及 “祈使句+and+将来时句子”的固定搭配。此处应是祈使句, 又有谓语动词的强调要借助助动词do, 故选A。句意为：“如果你有了一份工作, 付出努力去做它, 最后你定能成功。”
7.(2010﹒四川)We laugh at jokes, but seldom about how they work.
A. we think B. think we C. we do think D. do we think
【答案】D
【考点】考查倒装。
seldom为否定副词放句首, 用部分倒装, 故选D。句意为 “我们因笑话而笑, 但很少去思考笑话怎样让我们笑。”
8.(2010﹒陕西)John opened the door . There _____ he had never seen before.
A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl
【答案】D
【解析】考查特殊句式。Here, There, Thus, Then等副词位于句首, 且当句子的主语是名词时, 句子用全部倒装句, 选D。
9.(2010﹒浙江)The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if regularly, can improve our health.
A. being carried out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查if条件句中的省略情况。本句的句子的主语是the experiment；谓语动词是shows；that引导宾语从句, 宾语从句的主干事：proper amounts of exercise can improve our health, if_____ regularly是插入的条件从句, 从句的主语是proper amounts of exercise, 此时应用it代替前面提到的主语, 条件句的主语与主句的主语一致, 并且含有is, 故省略了it is, 完整形式是：if it is carried out。句意为：这项实验表明, 适当的运动, 如果有规律的进行, 能够有助于我们的身体健康。
10.(2010﹒江西)Not until he left his home ___ to know how important the family was for him.
A did he begin B had he begun C he began D he had begun
【答案】A
【解析】考查倒装。not until放在句首要用部分倒装, 翻译为直到, 所以begin发生在left之后或同时发生
11.(2010﹒重庆)At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______, one of the ten largest cities in China.
A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie
【答案】A
【解析】考查倒装。表示方位的地点状语提前, 句子完全倒装, 所以选A项。
12.(2010﹒湖北)Only if people of all the countries are united ________（我们才能解决）the existing problems in the world. (solve)
【答案】will we be able to solve/can we solve.
【解析】考查倒装。only位于句首修饰状语从句要倒装。根据 “主将从现”的原则可以确认主句的助动词是“will”, 或者使用情态动词“can”。
13.(2011﹒全国卷I)Try____ she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open.
A. if B. when C. sine D. as
【答案】D
【解析】本题考察倒装。As引导的让步状语从句，应将状语、表语甚至谓语提前构成形式上的倒装。题目前半句说，她试过；后半句说Sue不能打开门，明显前后两句意思相反。As表示虽然，尽管。
14.(2011﹒全国卷I)Only when he reached the tea-house ______it was the same place he’d been in last year.
A. he realized B. he did realize C. realized he D. did he realize
【答案】D
【解析】本题考察倒装句。Only引导的状语从句位于句首，应把主句中动词的助动词提前构成部分倒装。
15.(2011﹒福建)—It’s nice. Never before____ such a special drink!
—I’m glad you like it.
A.I have had B. I had C. have I had D. had I
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态及倒装。never是否定副词，置于句首，句子要部分倒装；由语意可知说话人以前从未喝过这样特别的饮料，应该用现在完成时，故选C项。
16.(2011﹒湖南)Only after they had discussed the matter for a few hours _______a decision
A. they reached B. did they reach C. they reach D. do they reach
【答案】B
【解析】本题考察only前置的倒装句。Only引导状语从句前置，主句主谓要部分倒装。又因为从前文中的"had discussed"判断出是过去时间，故选B；句意：只有在他们讨论这个问题好几个小时之后他们才作出决定。
17.(2011﹒四川)Was it on a lonely island ______ he was saved one month after the boat went down?
A. where B. that C. which D. what
【答案】B
【解析】考查强调句。此处强调的是句子的地点状语on a lonely island，是强调句的一般疑问句句型：Was it + 被强调部分+ that +句子？句意：“他是不是在小船沉没一个月后在一个孤岛上被营救的？”
18.(2011﹒陕西)It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do____benefits our work most.
A. who B. which C. that D. what
【答案】C
【解析】考查强调句。强调句型:It is/was +被强调部分+that连接句子的其他部分。答案选择C。
19.(2011﹒重庆)I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, ______ ?
A. could he B. didn’t I C. didn’t you D. could they
【答案】B
【解析】考查反义疑问句。反义疑问句的基本原则就是与主句主谓保持一致。陈述部分为肯定，故附加部分为否定，本句含有一个宾语从句且主句为“I told them……，所以选择B。句意：我告诉他们并非每个人都可以跑得和你一样快，不是吗？
20.(2011﹒重庆)—Have you seem the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?
— Of course, I have. It was in our village _______ it was made.
A.that B.where C.when D.which
【答案】A
【解析】考查强调句。问话人询问对方是否看过《山楂树之恋》这部电影，答话人回答说当然看过，这部电影是在自己的村庄拍摄的。本句是强调句，被强调的部分是地点状语in our village。强调状语in our village。
21.(2011﹒湖南)It’s not what we do once in a while ______ shapes our lives, but what we do consistently
A .which B. that C. how D. when
【答案】B
【解析】本题考察强调句型。本题考察强调句型。强调主语。故选B。句子意思：决定我们生活的东西不是我们偶尔所做的事情而是那些我们自始至终所做的事情。
22.(2011﹒全国卷II)Jane won’t join us for dinner tonight and .
A. neither won’t Tom B. Tom won’t either
C. Tom will too D. so will Tom
【答案】B
【解析】考查特殊句式。句意：简不会来参加我们今晚的宴会，汤姆也不会来。此处是否定句，故使用either，而too一般用于肯定句中。此处也可以用so倒装的否定式，即neither/nor will Tom.注意A项中neither表否定意义，所以不能用won’t。
23.(2011﹒江苏)It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine._______ , we’d better take it to the garage immediately.
A. Otherwise B. If not C. But for that D. If so
【答案】D
【解析】考查省略和替代。句意：听起来车的发动机好像有问题，如果那样的话，我们最好立刻把它弄到汽修厂去。前后两句话之间是顺承关系。Otherwise否则，要不然；if not要不，不然；but for that若不是因为那件事；if so若是这样。
24.(2011﹒辽宁)_____ a strange plant! I've never seen it before.
A. Which B. What C. How D. Whether
【答案】B
【解析】考查感叹句。句意：多么奇怪的植物啊！我以前从没见过。此处为“What+a/an十adj.+n.+it is/was”的省略结构，故B项正确。
25.(2011﹒上海)It doesn’t matter if they want to come to your party, _______?
A. doesn’t it B. does it C. don’t they D. do they
【答案】B
【解析】考查反义疑问句。反义疑问句的基本原则就是与主句主谓保持一致。陈述部分为否定，故附加部分为肯定，句意：他们是否来参加你的派对，没有关系，是吗？
26.(2012﹒江西)Never before seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.
A.had she B.she had C.has she D.she has
【答案】C
【解析】考查部分倒装。句首有关键词Never，否定词提前到句首，句子部分倒装。排除B,D。再根据句子时态，应用现在完成时，故选C。
27. (2012﹒江西)He seems to be giving the impression that he didn’t enjoy himself in Paris. , he had a wonderful time.
A.Above all B.What’s more C.As a result D.On the contrary
【答案】D
【解析】句意为他似乎给人们留下一种在巴黎玩得不开心的印象______他玩得很开心。前后句有转折之意，故选D恰恰相反。A首先，B此外，C结果是。
28.(2012﹒浙江)Had they known what was coming next, they________ second thoughts.
A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had
【答案】D
【解析】本句是一个倒装句，可还原为：if they had known what was coming next, they might have had second thought。根据had known提示，可知是与过去事实相反，因此虚拟语气主句中应该用would/might +have done，由此可见答案D符合语境。
29.(2012﹒江苏)There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _______________?
A. is there B. isn't there C. is he D. isn't he
【答案】A
【解析】根据前面there be 句里含有否定意义的词little，所以反意疑问句用肯定形式，其主谓应与陈述部分的主谓保持一致，故选A项。
30.(2012﹒重庆)The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor______ it a thought.
A. does he even given B. he even gives C. whether D. he will even given
【答案】C
【解析】空白处前为否定词“nor”位于句首，句子应该使用部分倒装结构，而且根据语境空白处应使用一般将来时，C选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为C选项。
31. (2012﹒重庆)It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic______ Zheng sailed to East Africa
A. when B. that C. after D. since
【答案】B
【解析】句子虽然比较长，但是其主干为强调句型，是对“80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic”进行了强调，由此可知，空白处应该填写“that”。因此，正确答案为B选项。
32.(2012﹒辽宁)Not until he retired from teaching three years ago having a holiday abroad.
A. he had considered B. had he considered
C. he considered D. did he consider
【答案】D
【解析】Not until位于句首时句子要倒装，consider having a holiday abroad这个动作发生在retire之后，所以用一般过去时。
33. (2012﹒四川)At school, some students are active ______ some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another.
A. while B. although C. so D. as
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查并列连词。题干句意为：在学校，一些学生很活跃而一些却很害羞，然而他们都可能彼此成为好朋友。根据句意选while，表示两个分句中两种情况的对比。
34.(2012﹒四川)This is not my story, nor ______ the whole story. My story plays out differently.
A. is there B. there is C. is it D. it is
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查倒装句。nor位于句首引起部分倒装，排除B、D；再根据句意“这并不是（关于）我的故事，它也不是故事的全部。我的故事的结局不同。”选代词it。故答案选C。
35.(2012﹒陕西)The basketball coach, as well as his team , ______interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
A. were B. was C. is D. are
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。主语中心词是the basketball coach，是单数，根据shortly after the match可以推断出题干时态是一般过去时，故选B。
36.(2012﹒北京)______ at the door before you enter my room, please.
A. Knock B. Knocking C. Knocked D. To knock
【答案】A
【解析】祈使句考点，用动词原形。
37.(2013﹒北京)The famous musician, as well as his students, ____ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
A. were invited B. was invited C. have been invited D. has been invited
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。这个著名的音乐家和他的学生被邀请在2012年的台北花展上演出。主语是The famous musician，尽管后面跟有介词或介词词组作附属修饰语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。排除A和C；2012 Taipei Flower Expo是一个过去的时间，动作已经发生，和现在没有关系，没必要用现在完成时，排除D。
38.(2013﹒福建)Don’t turn off the computer before closing all programs ______ you could have problems
A. or B. and C. but D. so
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查并列句的连词。在关闭所有程序之间不要关电脑，否则可能会出问题。考查句式：祈使句+and/or+陈述句，根据句意，选A。
39.(2013﹒福建) Not until he went through real hardship _____the love we have for our families is important.
A. had he realized B. did he realize C. he realized D. he had realized
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查倒装结构。直到他经历了真正的艰难之后才意识到我们对家庭的爱是很重要的。含有否定意义的副词、连词或短语放在句首时，要用部分倒装结构。由he went through real hardship可知动作已经发生，与现在的动作没有关系，用一般过去式，所以B正确。D选项的意思是先认识后经历，不符合本文所表达的意思。
40.(2013﹒江苏) Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others ______ essential to their development.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查主谓一致用法。一般说来，他人对其期望值高的学生的内在动机对自身的发展是至关重要的。分析句子结构，主语为students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others，中心词为inner motivation，显然为第三人称单数。再根据generally（一般说来），可见讲通常情况，所以用一般现在时。故选择A。
41.(2013﹒江苏) Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ______ to ruins, the city took on a new look.
A. reducing B. reduced C. being reduced D. having reduced
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查时间状语从句的省略用法。在遭受大地震，沦为废墟之后不久，这座城市就呈现出新的面貌。Shortly after在……之后不久，引导时间状语从句。时间状语从句中，当主语与主句主语一致时，为避免重复，从句可用省略句。根据短语reduce the city to ruins（使城市沦为废墟），可见reduce与逻辑主语the city构成被动关系，排除A，D；而and连接两个并列成分，suffering from a massive earthquake and ______ to ruins，根据suffering的形式，确定答案为being reduced。故选C。
42.(2013﹒江西) Only when he apologizes for his rudeness ____to him again.
A. I will speak. B. will I speak. C. do I speak. D. I speak.
【答案】B
【解析】考查倒装句。只有当他为他的粗鲁道歉的时候，我才会再跟他说话。本题的第一个关键词是only。当only放在句首，修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时，主句用部分倒装。第二个关键点是when引导的时间状语从句，有“主将从现”的用法，本题中从句用的是一般现在时，因此主句用一般将来时。
43.(2013﹒江西) If _____ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.
A. asked B. to ask C. asking D. having asked
【答案】A
【解析】考查省略句。如果有人让你替别人照看行李，请马上通知警察。在if引导的从句中，如果从句的主要动词是be，常将主语和be省略。解题关键：观察题目与选项。本题主句是祈使句，祈使句通常是动词原形开头，省略主语you，再观察选项，ask与you是动宾关系，因此从句的完整表达方式是if you are asked……。因此，锁定答案A.与if用法一样的还有when、though、as if等连词。
44.(2013﹒湖南) Every day ________ a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.
A.read B.reading C.to read D.reads
【答案】A
【解析】考查祈使句。每天朗读几遍谚语知道你记住为止。解题关键：区分谓语与非谓语。1.去掉until引导的状语从句，主句要有谓语动词，就可排除B、C两个答案；2.主句缺主语，判断出本句为祈使句，排除D。
45.(2013﹒湖南) The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ around $8，450 a year, which ________ a burden for some of them.
A.are；is B.are，are C.is，are D.is，is
【答案】A
【解析】考查主谓一致。这所大学估算国际学生的生活费用大约一年8450美元，这对一些国际学生来说是一种负担。for international students 修饰主语的中心语the living expenses ，谓语动词要选are，排除C、D；which在从句中从当主语指代$8450 a year，以及a burden可判断出后一个空格选择is。
46.(2013﹒湖南) Not once ________ to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.
A.occurred it B.it did occur C.it occurred D.did it occur
【答案】D
【解析】考查倒装句。迈克尔从来没想到他居然会成为班上的拔尖学生。否定副词not位于句首，句子应该使用部分倒装结构。部分倒装：（1）以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装；（2）以“only+状语”开头的句子；（3）以“so+形容词或副词”开头的句子；（4）so表示“也，也是”的意义。如：She worked hard, so did her husband.
Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.
Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.
47.(2013﹒辽宁) At no time _____ the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.
A. they actually broke B. do they actually break
C. did they actually break D. they had actually broken
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查动词时态和倒装用法。事实上他们绝对没有违反游戏规则。惩罚他们是不公平的。当否定词或具有否定含义的短语置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。at no time意为“绝不，在任何时候都不”，置于句首用部分倒装，故排除A，D。再根据已知时态was，可知讲的是过去的情况，所以选择C。
48.(2013﹒上海) Among the crises that face humans ______ the lack of natural resources.
A. is B. are C. is there D. are there
【答案】A
【解析】考查倒装和主谓一致。自然资源的缺乏是人类面临的危机之一。根据介词短语不可以做主语的原则，可判断出这是一个倒装句，主语为the lack of natural resources，中心词为lack，所以用单数的is。这是典型的“主系表”倒装为“表系主”，介词短语among the crises that face humans做表语。
49.(2013﹒四川) Read this story, ______ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.
A. or B. and C. but D. so
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查并列句。看看这个故事，你就会明白不是所有的东西都可以用钱买到的。“祈使句 + and/or +陈述句”是一个固定句式，根据句意，选B。
50.(2013﹒天津) It was not until near the end of the letter ______ she mentioned her own plan.
A. that B. where C. why D. when
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查强调句型。直到在这封信的末尾他才提到自己的计划。强调句的基本机构：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其他部分，本句中强调的是时间状语从句所以用that。本题个别考生易误解成定语从句。
51.(2013﹒全国卷II) I was glad to meet Jenny again, ____ I didn't want to spend all day with her.
A. but B. and C.so D. or
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查并列句。我很高兴再次见到詹尼，但是，我不想一整天都跟她一起度过。解题关键是弄清前后句子之间的逻辑关系。前面说见面高兴，后面却说不想整天跟她呆在一起，明显是转折关系，要用连词but。
52.(2013﹒全国卷II) It was only after he had read the papers ______ Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.
A when B. that C. which D. what
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查强调句型。Gross先生读了这些报告之后才意识到，他面前的这个任务非常难完成。“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that 从句”是一个固定的句式，当被强调的部分是物时，连词只能用that，因此锁定正确答案。
53.(2013﹒全国卷II) Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent ______ properly in this hospital.
A. can be the patients B. can the patients be treated
C. the patients can be treated D. treated can be the patients
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查倒装句。在这个医院里，只有把医生的数量增加50%，才够治疗所有的病人。only 开头，后面紧跟一个介词短语，后面的谓语动词要部分倒装，即把其中的助动词或者情态动词提到主语的前面，因此正确答案是B。
54.(2013﹒浙江) There are some health problems that, when ______ in time, can become bigger ones later on.
A. not treated B. not being treated
C. not to be treated D. not have been treated
【答案】A
【解析】考查省略和非谓语动词。有些健康问题如果不及时治疗 ，不久可能就变成大问题。when 后面如果用完整的句子表达，它的主语就是problems，因此主语和它后面的be 动词可以一起省略，相当于“ when they are not treated”。
55.(2013﹒重庆) It's not easy to change habits, ______ with awareness and self-control, it is possible.
A. for B. or C. but D. so
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查并列句。改变习惯不容易，但如果是有意识的并且自控，就可能做到。空处前面说的是不容易，后面说的是可能，显然是转折关系。
56.(2013﹒重庆) It was with the help of the local guide ______ the mountain climber was rescued.
A. who B. that C. when D. how
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查强调句型。在当地导游的帮助下，登山者才得以获救。
It is/was+被强调部分+that/who(m)是固定的强调句型，被强调的部分无论是人是物，都可以用that；被强调部分如果是人，可以用who或者whom。本句中被强调的部分并不是the local guide，而是介词短语“with the help of the local guide”，所以不能用who，而必须用that。
57.(2014﹒大纲卷) ________the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.
A. Not do only B. Do not only
C. Only not do D. Not only do
【答案】D　
【解析】考查倒装句。句意：护士们不仅要求涨工资而且也要求减少劳动时间。此处后面的but also被省略，not only引导的句子置于句首时，要部分倒装。故选D。
58.(2014﹒大纲卷) ________ me tomorrow and I'll let you know the lab result.
A. Calling B. Call C. To call D. Having called
【答案】B　
【解析】考查特殊句式。句意：明天给我打电+话，我会告诉你实验的结果。此句是祈使句，故用动词原形。故选B。
59.(2014﹒福建) The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, ________， reaching 30℃ in summer.
A.if not B.if ever C.if any D.if so
【答案】B　
【解析】考查特殊句式(省略)。句意：这儿的气候很宜人。在夏天时，气温很少达到30℃，如果曾经有过的话。根据句意可知，条件句应该是if the temperature ever reaches 30℃ in summer，其省略形式是if ever，故选择B项。 if not如果不；if any如果(有)任何(……)；if so如果这样。
60.(2014﹒福建)It was the culture, rather than the language, ________made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.
A.where B.why C.that D.what
【答案】C　
【解析】考查特殊句式(强调句型)。句意：正是文化而非语言使得他很难适应国外的新环境。本句去掉it was和that之后，剩余部分仍然能够构成一个结构正确、意义完整的句子，故确定其为强调句型，选择C项。
61.(2014﹒湖南)Only when you can find peace in your heart ____ good relationships with others.
A. will you keep B. you will keep C. you kept D. did you keep
【答案】A　
【解析】考查倒装句。句意：只有当你内心感觉平和时，你才能与别人保持良好的关系。副词only位于句首，引起部分倒装，可排除B、C；根据时间状语从句中的时态可排除D项。
62.(2014﹒湖南)________what you're doing today important, because you're trading a day of your life for it.
A. Make B. To make C. Making D. Made
【答案】A　
【解析】考查祈使句。句意：使你今天正在做的变得重要，因为你正在用你生命中的一天与之交换。题干中逗号后是一个原因状语从句，因此前面必须是一个主句才能成立。只有用动词原形才能构成一个祈使句，才是一个完整的句子。
63.(2014﹒湖南﹒T33)It's not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do ________ makes life happy.
A. that B. which C. what D. who
【答案】A　
【解析】考查强调句型。句意：使生活变得更加快乐的不是做我们喜欢的事，而是喜欢我们必须要做的事。这里是强调句型，把it's和that去掉之后，句子仍成立。
64.(2014﹒陕西) No sooner ________ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.
A. had Mo Yan B. Mo Yan had C. has Mo Yan D. Mo Yan has
【答案】A　
【解析】考查特殊句式。no sooner…than…引导时间状语从句，且当no sooner位于主句句首时，主句用部分倒装形式，即将主句谓语中的助动词、系动词或情态动词提到其主语前，故选A。
65.(2014﹒四川)Was it because Jack came late for school ________ Mr Smith got angry?
A.why B.who C.where D.that
【答案】D　
【解析】考查特殊句式。此题考查的是强调句的一般疑问句，所强调的成分为原因状语从句because Jack came late for school，故用that。句意：是不是因为杰克上学迟到老师才生气的？
66.(2014﹒天津) Give me a chance, ________ I'll give you a wonderful surprise.
A. if　　　　B. or C. and D. while
【答案】C　
【解析】考查并列句。句意：给我一个机会，我会给你一个绝妙的惊喜。本句是一个表示顺接关系的句子，故用and连接。if表示“如果”，引导条件状语从句；or表示“否则，要不然”，表示一种相反的假设；while意为“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句，若意为“虽然，尽管”，则引导让步状语从句。
67.(2014﹒重庆)—I spent two weeks in London last summer.
—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, ________ you?
A. mustn't B. haven't C. didn't D. hadn't
【答案】C　
【解析】考查特殊句型的用法。在“…must have done…”这个表示对过去的推测的句型中，反义疑问句不可用must的任何形式，因为must用于表推测时仅能用于肯定句。若语境中有明确地表示过去的时间状语，反义疑问句必须用过去时的否定式，若没有明确地表示过去的时间状语且强调现状则用完成时。该题中上句有last summer，故选C。
68.(2015﹒湖南)It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years of achieve.
A. is; takes B. are; takes C. are; take D. is; take
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析：主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。根据分析，第一空的谓语要填一个单数，因为此宾语从句：…that success a sum of…day.的主语是success，一个单数名词，故谓语要用is；后面的句子：often years to achieve.的主语也是success，故第二空的谓语也是一个单数形式。句意：成功是将每天一小点努力积累起来，是需要多年的努力去达到，记住这些很重要。
69.(2015﹒湖南)Always ________ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.
A. to keep B. to have kept C.keep D.have kept
【答案】C 　
【解析】考查祈使句。这是一个完整的句子，而that引导的是宾语从句，因此只能是祈使句。故选C。句意：永远记住，你的主要任务就是让这个公司平稳运行。
70.(2015﹒天津)Only when Lily walked into the office __ that she had left the contract at home.
A. she realized B. has she realized
C. she has realized D. did she realize
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析：句意：只有当莉莉走进办公室的时候，她才意识到她把合同忘家里了。本题考查only位于句首，引导的时间状语从句，主句要主谓倒装。根据时态和句意可知选D。
71.(2015﹒湖南)Only after talking to two students ________ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.
A. I did discover B. did I discover C. I discovered D. discovered
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析:副词only置于句首，强调方式状语、 条件状语、地点状语、时间状语等状语时，主句要进行部分倒装。如果被only所强调的状语为状语从句，该状语从句不倒装，只对主句进行倒装。 此题中only作为副词放在句首修饰时间状语after talking to two student, 所以主句要进行部分倒装。部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did,并将其置于主语之前。句意:在和两个学生交谈之后我才意识到拥有强烈的动机是达到目标的最大因素。故选B
72.(2015﹒湖南)It was when we were returning home ________ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
A. which B. that C. where D. how
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析：B； 根据分析：此句是It was…开头且去掉It was，when we were returning home I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.是一个完整意义上的句子，故判断此句是一个强调句，强调when we were returning home；强调句常用句型：It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)… 。句意：正是在我回家的时候我才意识到帮助别人于危难之时感觉是多么令人愉悦。故选B
73.(2015﹒重庆)Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century____ his musical gift was fully recognized.
A. while B. though C. that D. after
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析:句意:马赫死于1750年，但直到19世纪他的音乐天赋才被承认。强调句与not until 连用。It be not until that... 故选C项。not until 引起的时间状语置于句首时，句子的主谓应部分倒装。由not until 引导的时间状语从句位于句首时，主句应部分倒装,从句语序不变。如:Not until 1998 did he return to his hometown.直到1998年他才回到家乡注意:当not until引导的状语或状语从句用于强调句型时，句子的主语不倒装。如将上两句改为强调句应为:It was not until 1998 that he returned to his hometown.
74.(2016﹒江苏)Not until recently ______the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.
A. they had encouraged B. had they encouraged
C. did they encourage D. they encouraged
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析:考查部分倒装。当not until 所引导的时间状语放在句首的时候，主句要使用部分倒装句。排除AD项，B项为过去完成时，上下文中并没有体现出过去的过去的时间。句意:直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。故C正确。
75. (2016﹒天津)You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel ____ the coach picks up tourists.
A. who B. which C. where D. that
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析：句意：你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。使用强调句，结构是：It is/was+强调部分+that+其余部分，如果强调部分是人，也可以用who，这句话强调的是地点状语at the hotel。故选D。
76.(2017﹒江苏)The publication of Great Expectations, which _______ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析:考查主谓一致。先行词是Great Expectations,“Great Expectations”是书名,看做单数，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式;根据‘strengthened"可知,说的是过去，故选C。句意:《远大前程》的出版获得了广泛的认可和高度的赞扬，这坐实了狄更斯作为前沿小说家的地位。
77.(2017﹒天津)It was when I got back to my apartment ______ I first came across my new neighbors.
A. who B. where C. which D. that
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析：句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我第一次遇见了我的新邻居。本句中去掉It was 和空格，句意完整，所以本句是强调句型，强调的是时间状语，应用that。故选D。
78.(2018﹒北京)In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.
A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed
【答案】A
【解析】考查祈使句。句意：在任何不安全的情况下，仅仅摁一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的特工就会使你得到你需要的帮助。and是连词，连接并列结构，and后面是一个句子，那么，前面也应是句子，选项中只有动词原形可以构成祈使句，其余的都是非谓语动词，无法构成句子。故A选项正确。
79.(2018﹒天津) It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
A. which B. that C. when D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查强调句。句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of our house。故选B。
80.(2019﹒天津)The professor warned tie students that on no account _____________ use mobile phones in his class.
A. should they B. they should C. dare they D. they dare
【答案】A
【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决不应该使用手机。on no account决不，否定词放在句首，句子使用部分倒装，应该做should do,敢于做dare do，根据句意表示”应该“，故选A。
81.(2020﹒全国卷II﹒语法填空)This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62 (carry) special significance.
【答案】carries
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。
82.(2020﹒全国卷III﹒短文改错)My dad don’t like the soup and I don’t enjoy apples.
【答案】
【解析考查主谓一致。句意：我爸爸不喜欢汤，我也不喜欢苹果。表示经常或反复发生的事情，用一般现在时。主语my dad是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，所以don’t改成doesn’t。
83.（2021·天津）Feeling fearful is healthy ________ it helps you slow down and evaluate risks properly.
A．because B．until C．before D．although
【答案】A
【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：感到恐惧是有益于健康的，因为它能帮助你慢下来，正确评估风险。A. because因为；B. until直到；C. before在……之前；D. although虽然。根据语境，主句提到healthy（有益于健康的），连词引导的从句部分则在具体描述为何说是有益于健康的，这是一个原因状语从句，适用because（因为）引导，故选A。