北京高一英语期末复习七选五专项训练

这是一份北京高一英语期末复习七选五专项训练，共12页。
Next yu need sme friends t be in yur club with yu. ___3___ . All yu need is three r fur ther peple wh are interested in the same thing as yu.
___4___ . Yu shuld all sit dwn smewhere tgether with lts f pieces f paper and write dwn every name yu can think up. That'll keep yu busy fr ages.
At yur first meeting yu shuld make up a rule bk. And the first rule shuld be n grwn — ups r little/big brthers r sisters! The best clubs are always secret!
Nw yu have just abut everything yu need, except membership cards. These are very imprtant and again yu will spend a lt f time making them. Use a bright thick pen t make a special design. Why nt leave sme space fr a pht f yurself? ___5___ .
S there yu are, get clubbing! Once yu get started yu’ll think f lads f mre interesting things t d!
A．That’s easy.
B．The list is needed.
C．Enjy yur wn club!
D．Invite a designer t jin yu.
E．The schl hlidays is just arund the crner.
F．Then yu need t pick a name fr yur club.
G．That will make the membership card really lk like it.
Blind Olympic Athletes Shw the Universal Nature
Tune int any sprts cverage n TV, and yu will see many athletes prudly raise their arms and heads in victry, while a much larger number hang their shulders and necks in defeat. Studies have revealed why—they are universal behaviurs, perfrmed by humans in respnse t success and failure.
The discvery came frm Jessica Tracy frm the University f British Clumbia and David Matsumt frm San Francisc State University, wh wanted t see hw peple shwed feelings f pride and shame. ____6____ They tried t find a large grup f peple, and it was critically imprtant that sme f these subjects had never seen ther peple reacting t success r failure befre.
The answer was Athens, during the 2004 Olympic Games. Its sister cmpetitin—the Paralympics—included many athletes wh were brn blind. ____7____ Wrking with a prfessinal phtgrapher, Tracy and Matsumt cmpared the bdy language f 108 cmpetitrs, 41 f whm had lst their sight, and 12 f whm were blind frm birth. The phtgrapher repeatedly tk pictures f these athletes after their cmpetitins, and the researchers carefully recrded the psitins f their heads, arms and bdies. ____8____ The winners tilted their heads up, smiled, lifted their arms and puffed ut their chests, while shulders bent frward and narrwed chests were the marks f lsers.
____9____ Men and wmen wh have never seen ther peple behave in these ways still make exactly the same mvements. And while it’s pssible that parents may have taught their blind children sme f these actins, it’s very unlikely that they culd have taught them all—particularly the expansin r narrwing f the chest.
These actins were als remarkably cnsistent between cntestants frm every part f the wrld. Tracy and Matsumt argue that pride and shame deserve a place alngside ther primary emtins like happiness, fear and surprise. ____10____
A．They are inbrn behaviurs and are accmpanied by their wn distinct sets f actins.
B．In fact, the culture was fund t have nly a very small effect n their bdy language.
C．Therefre, they culd nt have witnessed hw ther peple reacted t winning and lsing.
D．The result suggested that the athletes were shwing their pride based n careful bservatin.
E．The athletes’ behaviurs give strng evidence that they have had the actins naturally since birth.
F．Analyzing the data, they fund that the sighted and sightless athletes behaved in almst exactly the same ways.
G．In particular, they wanted t knw whether these expressins were culturally determined and learned thrugh bservatin.
Hw ld is “ld”?
Hw ld is “ld”? ___11___ Mre than tw hundred years ag, yu were ld at 35. That was the average life then. At the turn f the 20th century, as medical knwledge advanced, the average life span (长度) increased t 45. In 1950, 70-year-lds were really ld. Tday, a healthy 70-year-ld is lking frward t many mre active years.
S, hw ld is ld? The answer is ne yu’ve heard many times, frm all srts f peple. “Yu are as ld r yung as yu feel!” The calendar (日历) simply tells yu hw many years yu have lived. ___12___
Once an unknwn authr wrte, “Yuth is nt a time f life but it is a state f mind. Nbdy grws ld by living a number f years. ___13___”
___14___ Alice Brphy, when she was with the New Yrk City cmmissin fr the Aging, said, “It upsets me when peple say, ‘Gee, yu lk yung fr yur age!’ What des that mean? Is there sme mdel that yu’re suppsed t lk a certain way at 65 and 75 and 85? Yu knw yu can die ld at 30 and live yung at 80.”
There are many wrng ideas abut aging. ___15___ Here are sme f the mre cmmn nes. Fr example, mst lder peple are in pr health, r lder peple are unable t change.
A．Old is a pint f view.
B．It’s extremely terrible t be grwn ld.
C．The answer has changed ver the years.
D．Yur bdy tells yu hw well yu’ve lived.
E．Older peple are stubbrn, unable t change.
F．Peple grw ld by giving up their gals.
G．These ideas steretype (固化) peple n the basis f age.
Hw des big data influence ur life?
Tday big data is ne f the httest buzzwrds.____16____. Such large sets f data can be cllected and analyzed t uncver infrmatin that can help rganizatins make infrmed decisins.____17____.
Thanks t data science, sme industries have benefited greatly and accrdingly, many facets f ur daily life have been changed.
Transprt
Cities are getting bigger, busier, and mre crwded. Remving rad traffic cmpletely is almst impssible.___18___. Fr example, public agencies use data insights t map ut regular rutes, create alternative rutes in case smething ges wrng, and develp intelligent transprt systems t keep the rads clear.
Entertainment
We may nt realize this, but the entertainment services we use every day, such as music and vide streaming apps, are largely designed n the basis f big data._____19_____. At a higher level, big data helps entertainment prductin huses predict the genre f shws that viewers frm different age grups want s that they can create favred cntent.
Finance
In the field f finance, many f the innvatins that we nw take fr granted are resulted frm big data. In the past financial services such as insurance and banking were built n an inflexible, ne-size-fits- all mde, which meant nt nly that peple with lw credit scres were rejected in sme ways, but als that clients culdn’t get what they needed. ____20____
Big data has influenced many ther sectrs as well, like agriculture, science, educatin, and manufacturing, and it remains t reveal its full ptential in the future.
A．And this gives rise t big data.
B．A prcess like this is knwn as big data analytics.
C．But big data is able t assist in keeping it under cntrl.
D．It refers t a large vlume f data that cme in diverse frms surces.
E．Nw big data has made it easier t ffer custmized services t them.
F．The cming f big data analytics has helped launch campaigns and identify pprtunities.
G．These platfrms use data t discver what custmers like mst t ffer them relevant cntent.
It is imprtant fr yu t be a gd listener in class. Much f what yu will have t learn will be presented verbally (口头上) by yur teachers. Just hearing what yur teachers say is nt the same as listening t what they say. Listening is a cgnitive (认知的) act that requires yu t pay attentin and think abut and mentally prcess what yu hear. Here are sme things yu shuld d t be a gd listener in class.
*Be Cgnitively Ready t Listen When Yu Cme t Class. ____21____ Review yur ntes frm previus class sessins. Think abut what yu knw abut the tpic that will be cvered in class that day.
*Be Emtinally Ready t Listen When Yu Cme t Class. ____22____ Make a cnscius chice t find the tpic useful and interesting. Be cmmitted t learning all that yu can.
*Be an Active Listener. ____23____ Use this t yur advantage by evaluating what is being said and trying t anticipate what will be said next. Take gd written ntes abut what yur teacher says. While yu can think faster than yur teacher can speak, yu cannt write faster than yur teacher can speak. ____24____
*Meet the Challenge. Dn’t give up and stp listening when yu find the infrmatin being presented difficult t understand. Listen even mre carefully at these times and wrk hard t understand what is being said. ____25____
A．Listen with an pen mind.
B．Yur attitude is imprtant.
C．Taking ntes requires yu t make decisins abut what t write.
D．Dn’t give in t these incnveniences.
E．Make sure yu cmplete all assigned wrk.
F．Yu can think faster than yur teacher can speak.
G．Dn’t be reluctant t ask questins.
参考答案：
1．E
2．D
3．A
4．F
5．G
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在即将到来的暑假，如何创办自己的俱乐部的方法。
1．
根据下文“It’s great fun especially if yu are the srt f persn wh feels there’s never anything t d during the schl hlidays.(特别是如果你是那种觉得在学校假期里没有什么事可做的人，它是非常有趣的)”此处是建议暑假可以做的事情，因此选项E“学校马上就要放假了”最合语境。故选E。
2．
根据上文“The first thing yu need t cme up with is an idea fr yur club. What are yu interested in? Pets, clthes, pp music r dancing grups, sprts, r making things?(你需要想的第一件事就是为你的俱乐部想出一个主意。你对什么感兴趣？宠物、衣服、流行音乐或舞蹈团、运动孩子制作东西感？”可知，你需要做的第一件事就是为你的俱乐部想出一个主意，并列举了一些有趣的东西，选项D“邀请一个设计者加入”最合语境，这个设计者可以帮助你。故选D。
3．
根据上文“Next yu need sme friends t be in yur club with yu.(接下来你需要一些朋友加入你的俱乐部。)”和下文“All yu need is three r fur ther peple wh are interested in the same things as yu. (你所需要的只是三四个和你有同样兴趣的人。)尤其是all可知，邀请几个朋友，是一件容易的事情。A项“那很容易。”符合语境，承上启下。故选A。
4．
根据下文“Yu shuld all sit dwn smewhere tgether with lts f pieces f paper and write dwn every name yu can think up.(你们应该坐在某个地方，拿着很多纸，写下你能想到的每一个名字。)”可知，本段主要是关于给俱乐部起名字。因此选项F“然后你需要为你的俱乐部选一个名字。”与下文衔接最好。故选F。
5．
根据上文“Nw yu have just abut everything yu need, except membership cards.(现在你已经有了几乎所有你需要的东西，除了会员卡。)”可知，本段主要讲述设计会员卡，结合空格前文“Use a bright thick pen t make a special design. Why nt leave sme space fr a pht f yurself?(用明亮的粗笔做一个特别的设计。为什么不留点地方给你自己的照片呢？)”可知，此处建议设计会员时可以预留一些空间放自拍照，选项G“这会让会员卡看起来真的很像它。”最合语境。That指代上文提到的预留空间放自拍照。故选G。
6．G
7．C
8．F
9．E
10．A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现人们对成功和失败的反应是天生的，介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及研究发现。
6．
根据上文“The discvery came frm Jessica Tracy frm the University f British Clumbia and David Matsumt frm San Francisc State University, wh wanted t see hw peple shwed feelings f pride and shame. (这一发现来自英属哥伦比亚大学的Jessica Tracy和旧金山州立大学的David Matsumt，他们想知道人们是如何表达自豪和羞愧的)”可知，上文提到Jessica Tracy和David Matsumt想知道人们是如何表达自豪和羞愧的，本句应承接上文进一步说明他们想法，G选项中They指代上文中Jessica Tracy和David Matsumt。故G选项“他们尤其想知道这些表达方式是否是文化决定的，是否是通过观察习得的”符合语境，故选G。
7．
根据上文“Its sister cmpetitin—the Paralympics—included many athletes wh were brn blind. (它的姊妹比赛——残奥会——包括许多天生失明的运动员)”可知，上文提到残奥会包括许多眼睛看不见的运动员，故本句与上文构成因果关系，表示这些人无法目睹其他人对胜利和失败的反应，C选项中they指代上文many athletes wh were brn blind。故C选项“因此，他们无法目睹其他人对胜利和失败的反应”符合语境，故选C。
8．
根据上文“Wrking with a prfessinal phtgrapher, Tracy and Matsumt cmpared the bdy language f 108 cmpetitrs, 41 f whm had lst their sight, and 12 f whm were blind frm birth. The phtgrapher repeatedly tk pictures f these athletes after their cmpetitins, and the researchers carefully recrded the psitins f their heads, arms and bdies. (在一位专业摄影师的帮助下，Tracy 和Matsumt比较了108名参赛者的肢体语言，其中41人后天失明，12人从出生就失明。摄影师在运动员比赛结束后反复拍照，研究人员仔细记录他们头部、手臂和身体的姿势)”以及后文“The winners tilted their heads up, smiled, lifted their arms and puffed ut their chests, while shulders bent frward and narrwed chests were the marks f lsers.(获胜者仰起头、微笑、举起双臂、挺起胸膛，而失败者的标志是肩膀前倾、胸膛狭窄)”可知，上文提到Tracy 和Matsumt在对比运动员的姿势，后文则提到了一些获胜者和失败者所共有的肢体动作，可推测他们发现有视力和失明的运动员的行为方式几乎完全相同，故F选项“通过分析数据，他们发现有视力和失明的运动员的行为方式几乎完全相同”符合语境，故选F。
9．
根据上一段中“The winners tilted their heads up, smiled, lifted their arms and puffed ut their chests, while shulders bent frward and narrwed chests were the marks f lsers.(获胜者仰起头、微笑、举起双臂、挺起胸膛，而失败者的标志是肩膀前倾、胸膛狭窄)”以及后文“Men and wmen wh have never seen ther peple behave in these ways still make exactly the same mvements. And while it’s pssible that parents may have taught their blind children sme f these actins, it’s very unlikely that they culd have taught them all—particularly the expansin r narrwing f the chest.(从来没有见过别人有这种行为的男人和女人仍然做出完全相同的动作。虽然父母可能教过他们的盲童一些这些动作，但他们不太可能教过他们——尤其是胸部的扩张或缩小)”可知，上一段对比的结果是有视力和失明的运动员行为方式几乎完全相同，都做出了一些共有的动作，后文则提到从来没有见过别人有这种行为的男人和女人仍然做出完全相同的动作，可推测他们的行为证明了这些动作能力是天生就有的。故E选项“运动员的行为有力地证明了他们从出生起就具有天生的动作能力”符合语境，故选E。
10．
根据上文“These actins were als remarkably cnsistent between cntestants frm every part f the wrld. Tracy and Matsumt argue that pride and shame deserve a place alngside ther primary emtins like happiness, fear and surprise. (这些动作在来自世界各地的选手之间也非常一致。Tracy和Matsumt认为，骄傲和羞耻应该和其他基本情感，如快乐、恐惧和惊讶，一起占有一席之地)”可知，来自世界各地的选手动作也一致，说明骄傲和羞耻是天生的行为，A选项中they指代上文中pride and shame。故A选项“它们是天生的行为，伴随着它们自己独特的一系列行为”符合语境，故选A。
11．C
12．D
13．F
14．A
15．G
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是到底多少岁算老，其实这和心态有关。
11．
空格前的“Hw ld is “ld”?（“老”是多少岁？）”是一个问题，因此空格处给出回答，C选项“The answer has changed ver the years.（多年来，答案一直在变化。）”中的“The answer”和前面的问题相承接，因此C选项承接上文，符合语境，故选C。
12．
空格前说““Yu are as ld r yung as yu feel!” The calendar (日历) simply tells yu hw many years yu have lived.（“你觉得自己年轻还是老，你就有多年轻!”日历只是告诉你你活了多少年。）”，接下来应说到自己是年轻还是老是由除了日历以外的东西来告诉你的，D选项“Yur bdy tells yu hw well yu’ve lived.（你的身体告诉你你过得有多好。）”说明了身体状况会告诉你你是年轻还是老，因此D选项承接上文，符合语境，故选D。
13．
空格前说“Nbdy grws ld by living a number f years.（没有人会因为活了几年而变老。）”，F选项“Peple grw ld by giving up their gals.（人因放弃目标而变老。）”在句式上和前面一致，形成句式上的重复，且在语义上和上文相互承接，因此F选项符合语境，故选F。
14．
空格后说“Alice Brphy, when she was with the New Yrk City cmmissin fr the Aging, said, “It upsets me when peple say, ‘Gee, yu lk yung fr yur age!’（爱丽丝·布罗菲(Alice Brphy)在纽约市老龄化委员会工作时表示，“当人们说，‘哎呀，你看起来比实际年龄年轻!）”，这说明老只是人们的一种观点，A选项“Old is a pint f view.（老是一种观点。）”正好说明了这一点，因此A选项符合语境，故选A。
15．
空格前说“There are many wrng ideas abut aging.（关于衰老有许多错误的观点。）”，G选项“These ideas steretype (固化) peple n the basis f age.（这些观念因年龄而使人产生成见。）”中的“These ideas”指代前面的“wrng ideas”，因此G选项承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
16．D
17．B
18．C
19．G
20．E
【解析】
【导语】
本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了大数据对我们生活的影响。
16．
根据上文“Tday big data is ne f the httest buzzwrds. (如今，大数据是最热门的流行语之一。)”可知，上文介绍的是当下的流行语之一大数据，D项意为“它指的是来自不同来源的大量的数据。”选项能够承接上文，介绍了什么是大数据，选项中的“It”代指上文提到的“big data”。故选D。
17．
根据上文“Such large sets f data can be cllected and analyzed t uncver infrmatin that can help rganizatins make infrmed decisins. (可以收集和分析如此大量的数据，以发现有助于组织做出明智决策的信息。)”可知，上文介绍的是大数据的用途，B项意为“这样的过程被称为大数据分析。”选项能够承接上文，“大数据分析”指的是“收集和分析大量的数据，以发现有助于组织做出明智决策的信息”这一过程。故选B。
18．
根据上文“Cities are getting bigger, busier, and mre crwded. Remving rad traffic cmpletely is almst impssible. (城市越来越大，越来越繁忙，越来越拥挤。完全消除道路交通几乎是不可能的。)”可知，上文介绍的是当下交通面临的困境，C项意为“但大数据能够帮助控制交通。”选项能够承接上文，介绍了大数据能够帮助管控交通，且下文的例子正是大数据如何帮助管控交通的例子。故选C。
19．
根据上文“We may nt realize this, but the entertainment services we use every day, such as music and vide streaming apps, are largely designed n the basis f big data. (我们可能没有意识到这一点，但我们每天使用的娱乐服务，如音乐和视频流应用程序，基本上都是基于大数据设计的。)”可知，上文介绍的是大数据在娱乐方面的应用，G项意为“这些平台使用数据发现客户最喜欢的内容，为他们提供相关内容。”选项能够承接上文，介绍了大数据如何应用于我们每天使用的娱乐服务，可以通过平台使用数据发现客户最喜欢的内容，并为客户推送相关内容。故选G。
20．
根据上文“In the past financial services such as insurance and banking were built n an inflexible, ne-size-fits- all mde, which meant nt nly that peple with lw credit scres were rejected in sme ways, but als that clients culdn’t get what they needed. (过去，保险和银行等金融服务建立在一种僵化、一刀切的模式上，这意味着信用评分低的人不仅在某些方面遭到拒绝，而且客户无法获得他们所需要的东西。)”可知，上文介绍的是过去金融业服务面临的困境，E项意为“现在，大数据让他们更容易为客户提供定制服务。”选项能够承接上文，将过去与现在进行对比，说明了大数据在金融业起到的作用。故选E。
21．E
22．B
23．F
24．C
25．G
【解析】
【分析】
本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在课堂上成为一名好的倾听者。
21．
根据上文“Be Cgnitively Ready t Listen When Yu Cme t Class. (当你来上课时，要做好倾听的认知准备)”和下文“Review yur ntes frm previus class sessins. (复习上节课的笔记)”可知，本段内容告诉我们，要想成为一个好的倾听者，首先要做好倾听的认知准备，对上节课所讲的内容进行复习，E项意为“确保你完成了所有布置的工作。”选项内容符合段落主旨，能够引起下文，上课之前，要确保你完成了上节课布置的所有工作，复习上节课的笔记，才能做好本节课倾听的认知准备。故选E。
22．
根据上文“Be Emtinally Ready t Listen When Yu Cme t Class. (当你来上课时，要做好倾听的心理准备)”和下文“Make a cnscius chice t find the tpic useful and interesting. (做出慎重的选择，发现有用且有趣的主题)”可知，本段内容告诉我们，要想成为一个好的倾听者，也要做好倾听的心理准备，换句话说，我们要有正确的学习态度，B项意为“你的态度很重要。”选项内容符合段落主旨，能够引起下文，你要做好倾听的心理准备，有正确的学习态度，能够积极参与到课堂当中，发现有用且有趣的主题。故选B。
23．
根据上文“Be an Active Listener. (做一个积极的倾听者)”和下文“Use this t yur advantage by evaluating what is being said and trying t anticipate what will be said next. (通过这个评估所说的内容并尝试预测下一步将要说的内容来利用这一优势)”可知，本段内容告诉我们要做一个积极的倾听者，F项意为“你思考的速度比你的老师说话的速度快。”选项内容能够引起下文，下文中的“this”代指的是“你思考的速度比你的老师说话的速度快。”正是因为这一优势，所以你可以在听讲的过程中评估老师所说的内容并尝试预测下一步将要说的内容，且选项内容与下文“While yu can think faster than yur teacher can speak (虽然你的思考速度比你的老师说话的速度快)”相呼应。故选F。
24．
根据上文“Take gd written ntes abut what yur teacher says. While yu can think faster than yur teacher can speak, yu cannt write faster than yur teacher can speak. (把老师说的话做好书面记录。虽然你的思考速度比你的老师说话的速度快，但你的写字速度没有你的老师说话的速度快)”可知，上文告诉我们要做好课堂笔记，C项意为“做笔记需要你决定要写什么。”选项内容能够承接上文，正是因为你的写字速度没有你的老师说话的速度快，所以你不能把老师说的话全部记录下来，需要你决定该记录什么。故选C。
25．
根据上文“Dn’t give up and stp listening when yu find the infrmatin being presented difficult t understand. Listen even mre carefully at these times and wrk hard t understand what is being said. (当你发现所呈现的信息难以理解时，不要放弃并停止倾听。在这些时候，要更加仔细地倾听，努力理解对方所说的话)”可知，上文告诉我们如果在听课的过程中遇到听不懂的地方时要怎么办，G项意为“不要不愿意问问题。”选项内容能够承接上文，当我们遇到听不懂的地方时，不要不愿意问问题，要敢于发问，这样才能理解老师所讲的内容。故选G。