北京中考英语阅读表达专项模拟训练

这是一份北京中考英语阅读表达专项模拟训练，共13页。试卷主要包含了阅读回答问题，阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题，阅读表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
阅读表达一、阅读回答问题Air is important for everyone, we live depending on it. But what if it is polluted? Air pollution is a killer. The World Health Organization says it kills about seven million people around the world each year. Even if polluted air does not kill us, it can make us very sick. It may do more than hurt your body. Breathing dirty air can also influence your brain and your ability to think. It is true whether you believe or not.A new study shows that air pollution can influence our intelligence (智力) — cause a “huge” reduction in our intelligence. The study was carried out by researchers at Peking University and Yale University. Xi Chen of the Yale School of Public Health led the study.The study performed for a long period. The researchers studied about 25,000 people from across China. The youngest people in the study were 10 years old, while the oldest was 90. They came from 25 of China’s 34 provinces (省) with different air levels. These Chinese men, women and children were given language and math tests during the study. Then researchers compared the test results with levels of pollution in the air. They found that breathing polluted air can reduce a person’s education level by about one year.Xi Chen told that there are two main parts in the brain—white matter and gray matter. He said, “Air pollution has a great effect on the white matter, and white matter is more connected with a person’s language skills. So, that’s why language skills are more affected.” He also noted other studies have shown, “However gray matter is connected to our ability to solve math problems.”Chen suggests government to make serious changes. “We need to support in cleaning up the sky instead of using in short-term avoidance, for example the face masks or air filters (过滤).”1．What can influence your brain and your ability to think?________________________________________________2．Where was the new study carried out?________________________________________________3．How many people did the researchers study from across China? ________________________________________________4．Why are language skills more affected than math?________________________________________________5．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?________________________________________________ 二、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。Eating DisordersAn eating disorder is a kind of illness in which a person does not eat in a normal or healthy way. In the United States, restrictions for COVID-19(新冠管控) are loosening, however eating disorder cases are on the rise. Experts warn that being alone and feeling anxious can increase the harmfulness of eating disorders. “We are certainly seeing great increases,” said Jennifer Wildes who is an associate psychiatry professor (精神病学副教授) at the University of Chicago Medicine. She told the reporter that some patients are waiting to five months to get mental health treatment and medical cares. Before COVID-19, she added, wait times were usually only a few weeks. Recently, Wildes’ program treats about 100 patients. Before COVID-19, the number of patients was half that number. Another treatment program for eating disorders at the University of Minnesota is experiencing the same thing. Daily calls to its program from people asking for treatment have doubled. In 2019, there were about 60 calls a day. “Since COVID-19 began, that number is up to 130 calls a day,” said Jillian Lampert, who is one of the leaders of the program. Because of COVID-19, some people make themselves eat a lot as a way to deal with the feeling of “out of control”. Other people are doing the opposite of things. They are taking the message of “don’t gain COVID-19 weight” too strictly. They are reducing their meals to the point of anorexia(厌食症). Bulimic (贪食) is also a kind of eating disorder. Bulimic people eat large amount of food and then force themselves to throw it up. A study of electronic medical records from about 80 U. S. hospitals found a 30 percent increase of eating disorder starting after March 2020, compared with numbers from 2018 and 2019. The leader of the study, Dr. Dave Little said that the COVID pandemic has given society, and in particular young people, a lot of mental health difficulties. Here are some signs of eating disorder from the U. S. National Eating Disorders Organization. ◎Thinking about weight, body size, and food too much. ◎Seem uneasy eating around others. ◎Restrictions against types of food, for example, bread or sugar. ◎Avoiding usual friends and social activities. ◎Extreme change in mood and behavior.1．What is an eating disorder? _______________________________2．What can increase the harmfulness of eating disorders? _______________________________3．How many patients does Wildes’ program treat recently? _______________________________4．What are bulimic people like? _______________________________5．What do you think of eating disorders? What will you do?_______________________________ 三、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。A retired postman from Turkey and a beautiful white swan have been always together for nearly forty years, and the story of their friendship has warmed the hearts of millions.In 1984 Recep Mirzan was in a car with a group of friends, when he saw a swan that appeared to have a broken wing in an empty field.Mirzan quickly realized that leaving the bird there was the same as signing its death sentence, as meat-eating animals would have most likely eaten it, so he stopped the car and took the bird with him. He kept it in the car until evening, when he took it home and started nursing it back to health.“Since I love animals, I said to myself that I should take her home instead of leaving her as dinner to foxes,” Mirzan said, “We got used to each other. We never separated.”Even after the swan’s broken wing healed (痊愈), it didn’t try to fly away. Instead, it acted as a friend to the other animals on Recep’s farm, and decided to stick around. Recep named her Garip and now she has been with him ever since.“She comes when I call. Since 1984, she has never left me, not even during the river floods,” the retired postman said. “She used to be stronger, but she has grown old now. If she dies, I will make her a nice grave (墓穴) here, but I hope we live more together.”During the day, she is busy following her human friend around, either during his daily chores, or on his evening walks.After his wife died a few years ago, Recep Mirzan started spending more time with his animals, and since he has no human children, he regards Garip as his child.1．Who found a swan with a broken wing?_______________________2．Why did the man take the swan home? _______________________3．What did the swan do when her broken wing healed?_______________________4．How long has the swan lived with the man?   _______________________5．What do you think of the man?   _______________________ 四、阅读表达Can you imagine being an inventor with one arm at the age of 10? Well, it’s possible, and Jordan Reeves is one example.Jordan was born with a condition called limb(肢体) difference, as her left arm stopped growing before she was born. But she is active and outgoing, and has used every opportunity to share her story and encourage others.She got attention when she took part in what she calls “Project Unicorn”. She created a superhero persona(角色) called “Glitter(闪光的) Girl”. She wanted to design a prosthetic(假体的) arm that could shoot glitter, as she hoped to share her joy with thousands of people with limb differences all around the world.She continued to work with a professional designer as her idea gained popularity, and she went on to display her prototype(原型) on national television when she was only 11 years old. “When people hear about disabilities, they think, ‘Oh, that is so sad.’ But this turned it into something joyful.”In the years since, Jordan has done a lot. For one, she created an online petition(请愿) to speak for kids with limb differences. In addition, Jordan was later asked to work with Mattel, the company known for creating the Barbie doll, and a doll was made in her likenessNot only has Jordan become an inventor and designer, but she has also become an inspirational speaker. Most recently, she started her own workshops called Design With Us. Youth with disabilities can find inspiration from their own lives and experiences to create original designs there.Jordan has no plan to stop. She said, “If you have a passion or a want to change something, go for it. What you say can make a difference no matter how big ... Youth voices matter and need to be heard.”1．What kind of condition was Jordan born with?__________________________________2．Why did Jordan want to design a prosthetic arm that could shoot glitter?__________________________________3．How old was Jordan when she displayed her prototype on national television?__________________________________4．What can youth with disabilities do in the workshops?__________________________________5．What can you learn from Jordan Reeves?__________________________________  五、A Rubbish Collector’s Work Is Never DoneBrian Kane was a rubbish collector in Denver, Colorado. Eight hours a day, five days a week, fifty weeks a year, he rode on the back of a garbage truck. At each stop, he would run to the back of buildings, then pull heavy rubbish cans to the truck. Brian never complained.Brian saw these hardships as opportunities to become strong and fit. His job was a training ground for his lifelong dream: to climb Mount Oomolangma. On his thirtieth birthday, Brian took a leave from his job and flew to Nepal to begin the long, difficult journey up Mount Qomolangma.Brian first climbed to a basecamp (大本营). He planned to bring three oxygen containers (氧气罐) with him to the top. At 29,028 feet, it would be hard to survive (存活) without extra oxygen. Over the next two months, Brian climbed to 26,000 feet, to Camp Four — the last place to rest below the top of the mountain. But when Brian saw this camp, he fell to his knees. “Rubbish!” he cried. Nearly a thousand empty oxygen containers littered the camp area. Humans had turned this beautiful, far-away place into a big rubbish pile (堆). Brian was very sad. But with a strong determination (决心) he continued to follow his dream. Two days later he stood proudly on the top of Mount Qomolangma. He had reached the “roof of the world!”Two days after this great achievement, Brian put a dozen empty oxygen containers in his pack and walked down the mountain. He smiled to himself as he realized that the work of a rubbish collector is great and never done.1．What was Brian Kane?________________________________________________________________________2．What was Brian’s lifelong dream?________________________________________________________________________3．What did Brian plan to bring to the top of Mount Qomolangma?________________________________________________________________________4．How did Brian feel when he saw the rubbish pile at Camp Four?________________________________________________________________________5．What do you think of Brian Kane?________________________________________________________________________  六、Eating Together, SeparatelySeparate dining is common in the western culture, while in China's dining culture, whether dining at home or eating out, a grouped dining system is used in most situations. However, the coronavirus pandemic has challenged the deep-rooted Chinese dining tradition of sharing dishes together, which inspires the government, restaurants and citizens to rethink about eating customs. Standards on individual (供一人用的)dining, serving chopsticks (公筷)and two pairs of chopsticks came out on March 18. Here are the main points.        Individual diners' food should he served to customers in separate tableware.        Each shared dish should be served with a separate pair of serving chopsticks.        Each diner should have two pairs of differently colored chopsticks. One is to get food from shared dishes to place into individual howls, and the other is for eating from individual bowls. The above new standards aim to protect the public health in a scientific and practical way. Over 200 companies have followed the guidelines. In order to encourage customers to follow the standards, some restaurants offer parking coupons (优惠券)to those who use serving chopsticks. According to a survey about separate dining by think tank Thinker, nearly 89% of 100,000 interviewees believe it's more hygienic (卫生的)because it reduces the risk of infection via saliva (唾液传染）.For Chinese, it is not easy to change their dining behavior, because they think the grouped dining system is a tradition. When they share the food, they are building up a close relationship among diners. Besides, it is difficult to divide Chinese dishes into separate parts. Eating separately is a break from tradition, but it is helpful to prevent diseases and improve health. People can still sit at the same table, sharing the same food and the same culture in a new way. It also encourages advanced cooking skills, which means a chance of creating something new in Chinese food.1．When did the standards on individual dining come out?_______________________________________________________2．What is the aim of the new standards?_______________________________________________________3．How do some restaurants encourage customers to use serving chopsticks?_______________________________________________________4．Why is it not easy to change Chinese dining behavior?_______________________________________________________5．According to the passage, what do you think of eating separately?_______________________________________________________ 六、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。When you take notes in your classes, are you confident that you’ll actually go back and look over them? Or do you just write out your notes in class and then completely forget all of the information you wrote down? A useful note-taking method can not only save you precious time and energy, but also help you better understand what you learn.This well-known note-taking method is called the Cornell Note-taking System. It was first developed in the 1940s by education professor Walter Pauk at Cornell University to help students learn. According to Cornell Notes, each page is divided into three sections: the note-taking column, the cue column （提示栏） and summary space. It’s very easy. You just need to draw two lines on your note page, leaving a 2.5-inch margin on the left and a 2-inch margin on the bottom.The note-taking column, which is the biggest space is used to write down notes while you are in class or reading an article. The key point is that you don’t write down what you hear word by word. It requires you to be very brief, using short phrases, symbols or keywords to replace long sentences.To help with future review, you can write some related questions on the left. The next step is to cover the note-taking column with a sheet of paper or your hand. Then, by only looking at the questions for key words, try to repeat the content in your own words. The summary space is designed to help you reflect on what you’ve learned. Questions may also be useful. For example, what’s the significance of these facts? What principles are they based on? What’s beyond them? You can also write down your own ideas and personal feelings. Don’t forget to review from time to time so that you will remember the information more easily. Practice makes perfect. After a few months of using this handy note-taking method, you are sure to become the note-taking star of your class. And even better, you’ll finally be able to remember what you have learned.1．Who first developed the Cornell Note-taking System?____________________________________________________2．What is the biggest space used to do?____________________________________________________3．How can you use the cue column?____________________________________________________4．Why is the summary space designed?____________________________________________________5．Would you like to use this note-taking method? Why or why not?____________________________________________________ 七Mechanical EngineeringDo you like to build with blocks? Have you ever wondered how planes stay in the air? Do you like to design and create new things? If you do, a career (职业) in mechanical engineering might be right for you!A mechanical engineer is responsible for coming up with and designing mechanical systems. Mechanical systems can include machine design, heating and cooling equipment, and product design.Mechanical engineers are in high need right now. There are a lot of job openings for mechanical engineers, but there aren’t enough people to fill those jobs. Because there is a high need for engineers and the work requires specialized knowledge, engineers get paid more than some other careers.To be a mechanical engineer, you need to graduate from college with a bachelor’s (学士) degree. In college, you will learn problem solving and critical thinking skills.Problem solving is very important in the field of mechanical engineering. To come up with the best solution to a problem, mechanical engineers need to think in different ways. They also need to be creative, because they may need to make something that’s never been made before. Paying attention to details (细节) is important as well. Many designs depend on a lot of little details.Mechanical engineers also need to be able to use different tools, such as calculators, high-speed cameras, and computers. There are many computer programs mechanical engineers use to create designs, run scenarios (方案), and do research.As with many other jobs, mechanical engineers should be able to meet deadlines (期限) and work well with other people. Some jobs can be done with just one person, but more often mechanical engineers work on a team to complete a project. If an engineer cannot manage his or her time well and misses a deadline, the whole team gets delayed (拖延).Some engineers work in an office, and some travel to different worksites while a machine or product is being built, so they can help solve any problems.Mechanical engineering takes a lot of thought. It is a great career for people who like to make objects and machines work, solve problems, and be creative!1．What is a mechanical engineer responsible for?__________________________________________________________2．To be a mechanical engineer, what will a student learn in college?__________________________________________________________3．How can mechanical engineers come up with the best solution to a problem?__________________________________________________________4．Why should a mechanical engineer be able to meet deadlines?__________________________________________________________5．In your opinion, which quality (品质) of mechanical engineers should students learn? Why?__________________________________________________________ 参考答案：一、1．Breathing dirty air can influence our brain and your ability to think.2．The study was carried out at Peking University and Yale University.3．The researchers studied about 25,000 people from across China.4．Because white matter is more connected with a person’s language skills, air pollution has a great effect on the white matter in the brain, but not the gray matter.5．How the study was performed in China. 二、1．It is a kind of illness in which a person does not eat in a normal or healthy way.2．Being alone and feeling anxious can increase the harmfulness of eating disorders.3．About 100 patients.4．Bulimic people eat large amount of food and then force themselves to throw it up.5．I think eating disorders are harmful to health and should be treated in time. And I will call on the society to pay more attention to this problem. 三、1．Recep Mirzan.2．He was afraid meat-eating animals would have most likely eaten it and he loved animals. 3．She didn’t fly away. Instead, it acted as a friend to the other animals on Recep’s farm, and decided to stick around.4．For 38 years.5．He is kind. 四.  1．Jordan/She was born with a condition called limb difference./Limb difference.2．Because/As she hoped to share her joy with thousands of people with limb differences all around the world.3．When she was 11./At the age of 11./11 years old./11.4．They can find inspiration from their own lives and experiences to create original designs./Find inspiration from their own lives and experiences to create original designs./Create original designs.5．If you have a passion or a want to change something, go for it. 五、1．A rubbish collector.2．To climb Mount Qomolangma.3．Three oxygen containers.4．Very sad.5．Great/Brave/Kind/Hardworking. 六、1．On March 18.2．To protect the public health in a scientific and practical way.3．By offering those who use serving chopsticks parking coupons. /They offer those who use serving chopsticks parking coupons.4．Because they think the grouped dining system is a tradition.5．It is a break from tradition, but it is helpful to prevent diseases and improve health as well as encouraging advanced cooking skills. 七、1．Walter Pauk./It was Walter Pauk.2．It is used to write down notes./The biggest space is used to write down notes.3．Write down some related questions on the left column, cover the note-taking column and then repeat the content in your own words.4．The summary space is designed to help you reflect on what you’ve learned./To help you reflect on what you’ve learned.5．Yes, I would like to use it. Because this method can save my precious time and energy, help me better understand what I’ve learned and enable me to remember what I’ve learned.