北京高三英语基础知识巩固：语法填空练习

这是一份北京高三英语基础知识巩固：语法填空练习，共14页。
语法填空阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 一、I have many goals. The most important one is to travel around the world and I am trying my best to make it come true. The reason is ____1____ our world is so fantastic that I want to explore it. There are so many different things in the world ____2____ (experience). While ____3____ (travel), I can learn different languages and make friends with the local people. I believe I can achieve my dream. 二、Hawaii is the only state not on the continent of North America. The State of Hawaii consists ___1___ 8 bigger islands and 2000 more small islands. Of the bigger islands, Hawaii Island is not only the largest but also the youngest. People can find a few active volcanoes in the island. Mauna Loa and Kilauea are the most active volcanoes, ____2____ the American government has opened Volcanoes National Park. The island’s largest city Hino, also the second largest one in Hawaii State, ___3____ (stand) on the northeast coast of the island. 三、Are you humorous? People who are humorous can recognize what’s funny in others and can amuse others as well. At home, a sense of humor can brighten family life, so amuse ____1____ (you) and your family members through jokes if you can. In the classroom, a humorous teacher will not make the students feel ____2____ (bore) with learning. In hospitals, humor can sometimes help to reduce pain of the patients and enable them to recover ____3____ (strong). No wonder people often say laughter is the world’s __4___ (good) medicine. 四、Brian Skerry is an underwater photo journalist. As part of his job, he encounters mysterious sea____1____(creature) such as whales and sharks. To get the best photo, Skerry gets close to the wildlife—even if it’s dangerous. One time in Mexico, a squid grabbed Skerry as he____2____(take) a photo.Why does Skerry take these risks? He hopes his photographs will make people think about life in the oceans. As Skerry says, “The oceans are in real trouble. As a journalist, the most important thing I can do is to raise public____3____(aware).” 五、In the past few years, researchers at Lund University____1___(publish) several papers on dogs’ ability to detect the warmth of a body without touching it. Their results show that, from 5 feet away, dogs can reliably tell the difference____2____a 4-inch object at body temperature and one at room temperature. The scientists identified a set of nerves in a dog’s nose____3____appear to be responsible. The skin on a dog’s nose can absorb the tiny amount of infrared light leaking from a warm object, and the nerves inside the skin quickly sense that extra energy,____4____(signal) to the brain that something warm is nearby. 六、Some American cities are banning drive-through windows at fast—food restaurants. There are two basic reasons for the bans: concern for the environment and the need____1____(fight) obesity.In the US, most adults drive automobiles and almost 40% of the adults are overweight. That’s partly____2___people are worried about the environment and unhealthy diets. Supporters of the bans hope fewer drive-through windows____3___(reduce) litter and air pollution from customers driving cars. Some also think that people will choose healthier food if there is no longer the convenience of a drive-through window. 七、Today, there is a trend that the youngsters haven't enough sleep during the night. Lack of sleep among children and teenagers in China ___1___(get) worse in the past ten years, with more than 80 percent getting insufficient sleep on school days, a report ___2___(publish)on Monday said. Chinese youngsters slept an average of 7.8 hours a night on school days last year, 20 minutes___3___(little) than in 2009，according to the report from the Chinese Academy of Sciences 'Institute of Psychology. 八、Why was the ox chosen to be one of the 12 Chinese zodiac signs(生肖)? Centuries ago, most people __1___(earn)their living through farming. Today, the phrase "the spirit of ox" still refers to overcoming anything_2___ may present itself as an obstacle(障碍). The spirit __3__(praise) highly and many people follow it as their work principle. When someone achieves a great accomplishment(成就)through hard work，people often use "niu", meaning "awesome"__4__ (describe) him or her. 九、Nowadays, there exists a common phenomenon. A man walks __1__ the sidewalk, a smartphone in hand and completely absorbed in the digital world. Just as __2__computers achieved before, smartphones are now changing our life. I am truly grateful for the convenience brought by it. But meanwhile I feel deeply anxious. To stay informed, I constantly update my WeChat.That's why I often find_3_(me)absent-minded. 九、Once it snowed, I netted a bird. ____1____ (hold) it in my hands, I felt very excited. My father saw it and said he could turn this black bird into a colorful one. I didn’t believe ____2____he said but decided to give it a go. I opened my hands and saw that the bird was edged with the color of the sunshine when it ____3____ (fly) in the sky freely. My father said no matter how beautiful a bird was, it would turn black when it was grasped in our hands and lost freedom. 十一、China has achieved a total victory in lifting the whole nation out of poverty(贫困). The poverty relief policy was put forward in November 2013. ____1____ (finish) this task, about 800,000 officials have been sent to work at local levels. In the past 8 years, China ___2___(lift) 98.99 million poor rural ____3____ (resident) - a population larger than all but a few countries - out of poverty under the current poverty line. 十二、Known as a famous social media influencer, Pamela shares her interests on social media platforms with her followers and has ____1____ (quick) grown her international following. She once ____2___ (say) in a lecture, “Sometimes in life, you are in the right place at the right time and you have a chance. If you don’t take the chance at this particular moment, it____3____ (go) forever.” Pamela is an inspiration for young women ____4____ want to achieve their goals by working hard.十三、Once upon a time, in a small town lived a man who couldn't see. Yet, he carried a lighted lamp with him whenever he went at night. One night, he came ____1____ a group of travelers. One of them asked him, “Hey, man! You can't see anything! Why do you carry a lighted lamp then?” The blind man replied, “Yes, ____2____ (unfortunate), I am blind but the lighted lamp I am carrying is for people like you who can see. You may not see me coming and end up knocking into me. That is ____3____ I carry a lighted lamp.” 十四、In recent years, Chinese literature has gained more popularity worldwide . An increasing number of Chinese literary works ____1____ (translate) into multiple languages, including English, French, Japanese and Russian, and read by people from countries and regions ____2____ (involve) in the Belt and Road Initiative (“一带一路”倡议). Not only have the ____3____ (story) from China's past made their way through time, but the beauty of the language has drawn the world's attention. 十五、Last July China's manned submersible (载人潜艇)Fendouzhe ____1____ (dive) 10,909 meters deep in the Mariana Trench. This is the ____2____ (deep) diving record for a Chinese manned submersible. The pressure underwater is very strong, ____3____ is like an elephant standing on the tip of your finger. Fendouzhe can carry up to three people. The egg shape makes it easier for the scientists ____4___ (move) around and study the sea. 十六、This year, the World Cup has been played across different ___1___(city), and Team China had training sessions even on traveling days when some participating teams chose to rest up after a tiring flight. When the team struggled, Captain Zhu Ting was always there, doing whatever was needed ___2___(carry) the team forward. That’s why she has become a national volleyball icon(偶像), just like “Iron Hammer” Lang. Never giving up, especially in a difficult situation, that’s ___3___ the spirit of Chinese women’s volleyball means. 十七、The railway line _1_(connect) Beijing and Zhangjiakou, the co-host city of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, is the world's first intelligent, high-speed railway. It _2_(go)into operation on Dec 30, 2019. The railway is 174 km long, with a maximum design speed of 350 kph. It reduces the travel time between Beijing and Zhangjiakou from over three hours to 47 minutes. The train is designed with an area to store snowboards, a device to secure wheelchairs and a mobile news center _3_ passengers can watch live Olympic broadcasts. 十八、The “Twenty-four Solar terms” is the Chinese __1___(tradition)way of dividing and marking time. It shows the relationship between the universe, seasons, climate and agriculture, which is uniquely created ___2___Chinese ancestors. The Twenty-four Solar Terms are important instructions for the agricultural production as well as people's daily lives. At the initial stage of agricultural development, people began to explore rules of nature and used ___3___(they)to guide sowing, harvesting and other agricultural activities. Until now, it ___4___(become) an essential tool to guide the agricultural production in China. And its charm and value have been increasingly recognized by the public. 参考答案一、1．that2．to experience3．traveling/travelling解析：1．考查表语从句。句意：原因是我们的世界是如此奇妙，我想探索它。分析句子结构，空处引导表语从句，从句不缺成分，引导词在从句中没有实际意义，需用连接词that引导。故填that。2．考查非谓语动词。句意：世界上有那么多不同的东西可以体验。空处需填动词不定式作后置定语，things to do要做的事情，该用法是固定用法。故填to experience。3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在旅行中，我可以学习不同的语言，和当地人交朋友。I与其逻辑主语travel之间是主动关系，用现在分词作时间状语。故填traveling/travelling。 二、1．of2．where3．stands解析：1．考查固定短语。句意：夏威夷州由8个较大的岛屿和2000个较小的小岛组成。consist of“由……组成”是固定短语，根据句意，故填of。2．考查定语从句。句意：莫纳洛亚和基劳厄亚是最活跃的活火山，在这些火山上，美国政府已经开放了火山国家公园。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是volcanoes，从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故填where。3．考查主谓一致。句意：岛上最大的城市Hino,，也是夏威夷州的第二大城市，位于这个岛的的东北海岸。分析句子可知，stand是谓语动词，句子的主语是The island’s largest city Hino，是第三人称单数，文章主时态是一般现在时，描述现在的事实，故句子用一般现在时，故填stands。 三、1．yourself2．bored3．strength4．best1．考查代词。句意：在家里，幽默感可以点亮家庭生活，所以如果可以的话，用笑话来娱乐你自己和你的家人。此处为祈使句，主语和宾语一致，空处需填you对应的反身代词yourself作宾语。故填yourself。2．考查形容词。句意：在课堂上，一个幽默的老师不会让学生对学习感到厌烦。feel为系动词，后面需加形容词作表语，此处表示人的感受，需用-ed结尾的形容词。故填bored。3．考查名词。句意：在医院里，幽默有时有助于减轻病人的痛苦，使他们恢复体力。空处需填名词strength作动词recover的宾语，此处表抽象概念，不可数。故填strength。4．考查形容词最高级。句意：难怪人们常说笑是世界上最好的药。根据“the world’s”可知，此处表示“世界上最好的”，使用形容词最高级。故填best。 四、1．creatures2．was taking3．awareness1．考查名词复数。句意：作为他工作的一部分，他偶遇神秘的海洋生物，如鲸鱼和鲨鱼。分析句子可知，此处填名词作宾语，由下文的“such as whales and sharks”可知，用复数，故填creatures。2．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：为了拍出最好的照片，斯科利接近野生动物——即使这很危险。分析句子可知，take是as引导的从句的谓语动词，根据上文的“One time”以及主句中的“grabbed”可推断，用过去时，根据句意，表示过去一段时间在做的动作，用过去进行时，且主语he与take是主动关系，主语是第三人称单数，故填was taking。3．考查名词。句意：正如斯克里所说:“海洋正面临真正的麻烦。作为一名记者，我能做的最重要的事情就是提高公众的意识。”形容词public修饰名词，aware的名词形式是awareness，是不可数名词，故填awareness。 五、1．have published2．between3．that/which4．signaling1．考查动词时态。句意：在过去的几年里，隆德大学的研究人员发表了几篇关于狗在不接触身体的情况下感知体温的能力的论文。根据上文“In the past few years”可知应用现在完成时，主语为researchers，助动词用have。故填have published。2．考查介词。句意：他们的研究结果表明，在5英尺远的地方，狗狗们就能准确地分辨出一个4英寸高的物体在体温下和在室温下的区别。结合后文“a 4-inch object at body temperature and one at room temperature”表示“在……之间”可知短语为between…and…。故填between。3．考查定语从句。句意：科学家们在狗的鼻子里发现了一组神经，它们似乎对此负责。此处为定语从句修饰先行词nerves，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。4．考查非谓语动词。句意：狗鼻子上的皮肤可以吸收从温暖物体中渗出的微量红外光，皮肤内的神经很快就能感觉到额外的能量，向大脑发出信号，表明附近有温暖的物体。分析句子结构可知signal在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语nerves构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。故填signaling。 六、1．to fight2．why3．will reduce1．考查非谓语动词。句意：这个禁令有两个基本的原因：对环境的担心和对抗肥胖的需要。空处应用不定式作定语，修饰名词need，故填to fight。2．考查表语从句。句意：这就是为什么人们担心环境和不健康饮食的部分原因。分析句子可知，空处引导一个表语从句，从句结构完整，结合句意可知，此处表示“为什么”，应用连接副词why引导，故填why。3．考查一般将来时。句意：禁令的支持者希望更少的免下车窗口可以减少来自开车的顾客的垃圾和空气污染。分析句子可知，hope后是省略that的宾语从句，空处是从句的谓语，结合语境可知，此处指将来发生的事情，应用一般将来时，故填will reduce。 七、1．has got2．published3．less1．考查时态。句意：本周一发布的一份报告显示，在过去十年中，我国儿童和青少年睡眠不足问题日益严重，超过80%的儿童和青少年在校期间睡眠不足。根据句中时间状语in the past ten years可知，用一般现在时。句中主语为Lack of sleep，不可数，所以谓语动词用has。故填has got。2．考查非谓语动词。句意：本周一发布的一份报告显示，在过去十年中，我国儿童和青少年睡眠不足问题日益严重，超过80%的儿童和青少年在校期间睡眠不足。名词report与publish之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填published。3．考查短语。句意：中国科学院心理研究所的一份报告显示，去年，中国青少年在校期间每晚的平均睡眠时间为7.8小时，比2009年减少了20分钟。less than少于。故填less。 八、1．earned2．that3．is praised4．to describe1．考查一般过去时。句意：几个世纪以前，大多数人靠务农为生。根据Centuries ago可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填earned。2．考查定语从句。句意：今天，“牛精神”仍然是指克服任何可能出现的障碍。定语从句“may present itself as an obstacle”中缺少主语，且先行词anything为不定代词，所以只能用关系代词that。故填that。3．考查被动语态和一般现在时。句意：这种精神受到高度赞扬，许多人把它作为他们的工作原则。动词praise意为“表扬”，和主语spirit构成被动关系。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故填is praised。4．考查to do不定式。句意：当某人通过努力工作取得了巨大成就时，人们经常使用“牛”（意思是“令人敬畏的”）来描述他或她。表示用“牛”来描述他或她，应用to do不定式表目的。故填to describe。 九、1．on/along2．what3．myself1．考查介词。句意：一名男子走在人行道上，手里拿着智能手机，完全沉浸在数字世界中。表示“走在人行道上”可用介词on或者along。故填on/along。2．考查宾语从句。句意：就像以前的电脑一样，智能手机正在改变我们的生活。宾语从句“computers achieved before”中缺少achieved的宾语，且指事物，所以应用what。故填what。3．考查反身代词。句意：那就是我经常发现自己心不在焉的原因。主语和宾语都是“我”，所以应用反身代词作宾语。故填myself。 十、1．Holding2．what3．was flying1．考查非谓语动词。句意：把它握在手里，我感到很兴奋。句中逻辑主语I与hold之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填Holding。2．考查名词性从句。句意：我不相信他说的话，但决定试一试。分句句子可知，本句为宾语从句，从句said缺少宾语，指物，所以用连接词what。故填what。3．考查时态。句意：我张开双手，看见那鸟儿在天空中自由地飞翔，四周镶着太阳的颜色。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据句意可知，表示“鸟正在自由飞翔的时候”，所以用过去进行时，表示过去在某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作。故填was flying。 十一、1．To finish2．has lifted4．residents1．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了完成这个任务，大约80万名官员已被派往地方各级工作。分析句子可知，finish此处为目的状语，不定式形式作目的状语，置句首单词首字母大写，故填To finish。2．考查动词时态。句意：在过去的8年里，中国已经消除了9899万贫困农村人口，按照当前的贫困线脱离贫困的人口比除了少数国家外的大部分国家都要多。由时间状语In the past 8 years可知，用现在完成时，主语是单数，故填has lifted。3．考查名词。句意同上。resident“居民”是可数名词，由98.99 million修饰，用复数，故填residents。 十二、1．quickly2．said3．will be gone/ will go4．who/that1．考查副词。句意：帕梅拉是著名的社交媒体影响者，她在社交媒体平台上与粉丝分享自己的兴趣，并迅速拥有了国际粉丝。修饰动词grown，用副词形式。故填quickly。2．考查时态。句意：她曾在一次演讲中说：“生活中，有时你在正确的时间出现在正确的地方，你有机会。如果你在这个特定的时刻不抓住这个机会，它就会永远消失。”根据once可知，陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填said。3．考查时态。句意：她曾在一次演讲中说：“生活中，有时你在正确的时间出现在正确的地方，你有机会。如果你在这个特定的时刻不抓住这个机会，它就会永远消失。”if的条件状语从句中，从句用一般现在时，主语用将来时。句中用动词go作谓语或形容词gone作表语。故填will be gone/ will go。4．考查定语从句。句意：帕梅拉鼓舞了那些想通过努力工作实现目标的年轻女性。句中先行词为young women，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。 十三、1．across2．unfortunately3．why1．考查固定短语。句意：一天晚上，他遇到一群旅行者。come across偶遇，遇到，固定短语。故填across。2．考查副词。句意：是的，不幸的是，我是盲人但我手里的灯是为像你这样能看见的人准备的。分析句子结构可知，空处需用副词作状语修饰空后整个句子，unfortunate的副词为unfortunately“不幸地”。故填unfortunately。3．考查表语从句。句意：这就是我拿着一盏点燃的灯的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导表语从句，此处是对拿着一盏点燃的灯的原因进行解释说明，所以空处需用连接副词why引导。故填why。 十四、1．have been translated/were translated2．involved3．stories1．考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：越来越多的中国文学作品被翻译成英、法、日、俄等多种语言，被“一带一路”沿线国家和地区的人们阅读。空处需用动词作谓语，根据句意可知，空处谓语动词可以用一般过去时的被动语态：was/were done，表示过去被翻译，此处也可以用现在完成时态的被动语态：has/have been done，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，主语是复数works，所以此处be动词需用were，助动词需用have。故填have been translated或were translated。2．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。本句已有谓语动词translate，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词countries and regions，表示被动需用过去分词involved作后置定语。故填involved。3．考查名词复数。句意：不仅来自中国历史的故事穿越了时间的长河，而且语言的美丽吸引了全世界的注意。由空前助动词have可知，空处需用名词story的复数作主语。故填stories。 十五、1．dived/dove2．deepest3．which4．to move1．考查动词时态。句意：去年7月，中国“奋斗者”号载人潜水器潜入马里亚纳海沟10909米深处。由时间状语Last July可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时，dive的过去式为dived/dove。故填dived或dove。2．考查形容词最高级。句意：这是中国载人潜水器的最深潜水记录。根据空后“diving record for a Chinese manned submersible.”和空前定冠词the可知，空处形容词需用其最高级形式deepest，表示最深潜水记录。故填deepest。3．考查定语从句。句意：水下的压力非常大，就像一头大象站在你的指尖上。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整个句子，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。4．考查非谓语动词。句意：对于科学家们来说，卵形潜水器更容易四处走动和研究海洋。Make it easier for sb. to do sth.使某人更容易做某事，固定搭配，此处it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式，所以空处需用动词不定式作宾语。故填to move。 十六、1．cities2．to carry3．what1．考查名词。句意：今年，世界杯在不同城市举行比赛。根据the World Cup has been played across different得知世界杯在不同城市举行比赛。形容词different修饰名词复数。故填cities 。2．考查非谓语动词。句意：队长朱婷做她能做的为了带球队前进，表示目的用动词不定式。故填to carry 。3．考查表语从句。句意：永不放弃，尤其是在逆境中。这是中国女排精神的含义。be动词后是表语从句，从句动词means缺少宾语，且指物。故填what。 十七、1．connecting2．went3．where1．考查非谓语动词。句意：连接北京和张家口的铁路线是世界上第一个智能高铁。谓语动词是is，连接和谓语动词之间没有连词，要用非谓语动词，主语是铁路线和连接是主动关系，用现在分词。故填connecting 。2．考查动词时态。句意：2019年12月30日它投入运行。on Dec 30, 2019.提示是过去时态。故填went。3．考查定语从句。句意：火车上设计有存放滑雪板的区域，一个确保轮椅安置和移动新闻中心，在那里乘客可以看奥林匹克直播，先行词是a mobile news center，在定语从句中做地点状语。故填where。 十八、1．traditional2．by3．them4．has become/becomes1．考查形容词。句意：二十四节气是中国传统的划分时间的方法。形容词修饰名词，方法是名词，故填traditional。2．考查介词。句意：它表示宇宙、季节、气候和农业的关系，它被中国祖先创造。表示被动用be动词加过去分词+by，故填by。3．考查代词。句意：人们开始探索自然的规律并使用它们来引导播种、收获或其他农业活动。动词后用宾格代词。故填them。4．考查时态。句意：直到现在，它已经成为了引导中国农业生产重要的工具。until now可以理解为现在之前用现在完成时或当前的状态用一般现在时。故填has become/becomes。