（新高考）2023版高考英语一轮总复习 练案6 Unit 5 languages around the world 新人教版必修第一册

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必修第一册　UNIT 5　LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLDⅠ.完形填空(2022·福建省龙岩一中高三阶段性测试)It’s often recommended to befriend the enemy, but high school freshman Xavier Staubs did more than that. He saved his life.At a swim meet, the 15-year-old boy rescued a __1.B__who was struggling under water. It __2.D__as a regular home meet. Xavier had just completed his relay. As he was resting, he suddenly noticed a boy in an adjoining lane was__3.C__. “I heard people screaming, and I see him underneath.” Without __4.D__， Xavier dived back into the pool and pulled the boy out to safety. __5.B__， the boy started breathing on his own.His __6.C__ actions got the attention of Representative John Moolenaar, who __7.D__ Xavier with a tribute (赞颂) in the Congressional Record.At lunchtime, Xavier learned the congressman was coming to meet him. Moolenaar wanted to __8.A__ him with a recognition that would be kept in the Library of Congress.“We heard the story about what he had done. The more I learned about it, the more I thought we really wanted to praise what he did，” the Congressman told CNN.“Usually, you heard bad outcomes and __9.B__ situations，” Moolenaar said. “This was such a powerful __10.A__ of one student helping another __11.C__the two boys were competitors.”__12.D__， Xavier’s mother, Jillian Staubs, said she was not __13._B__.She arrived at the meet five minutes after the rescue happened. Something in her mind told her that her son was somehow__14.A__.Staubs said she tries to raise her children like what her grandmother did. And Xavier performing such a __15.C__ act was something she’s used to hearing about.Xavier is not only a great swimmer but also a dancer, band member and a straight-A student. And now, a hero.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是15岁男孩Xavier跳进游泳池救人的故事。Xavier不仅是个游泳健将，还是个舞蹈演员，乐队成员，还是个全优生。现在，他成了一位英雄。1．A.classmate　　　　 B．competitorC．volunteer　 D．stranger解析：考查名词词义辨析。根据第1空前后At a swim meet, the 15-year-old boy rescued a __1__who was struggling under water.可知，是在游泳比赛中救出了一名“竞争者(competitor)”。故选B。2．A.took off　 B．put offC．moved off　 D．started off解析：考查动词短语辨析。根据第2空后as a regular home meet.可知，这里指的是“刚开始时”。 start off出发，开始。故选D。3．A.performing　 B．competingC．drowning　 D．training解析：考查动词词义辨析。根据第4空后的Xavier dived back into the pool and pulled the boy out to safety.可知，此处指男孩“溺水”。 drown淹没。故选C。4．A.doubt　 B．admissionC．preparation　 D．hesitation解析：考查名词词义辨析。根据第4空后Xavier dived back into the pool and pulled the boy out to safety.可知，此处指“毫不犹豫”去救男孩。hesitation犹豫。故选D。5．A.Unluckily　 B．FortunatelyC．Sadly　 D．Honestly解析：考查副词词义辨析。根据第5空后的the boy started breathing on his own.可知，此处指男孩获救了，他很“幸运”。 fortunately幸运地。故选B。6．A.inspiring　 B．movingC．heroic　 D．modest解析：考查形容词词义辨析。根据第6空后actions got the attention of Representative John Moolenaar可知，Xavier救人的行为是“英勇的(heroic)”。故选C。7．A.observed　 B．respectedC．encouraged　 D．recognized解析：考查动词词义辨析。根据第7空前后actions got the attention of Representative John Moolenaar, who__7__Xavier with a tribute (赞颂) in the Congressional Record.可知，Xavier的救人行为得到了众议员John Moolenaar的“认可(recognize)”。故选D。8．A.present　 B．reactC．deserve　 D．judge解析：考查动词词义辨析。根据第8空后的him with a recognition that would be kept in the Library of Congress.可知，Moolenaar“提出” 对Xavier表彰。present赠送，提出。故选A。9．A.amusing　 B．upsetC．pleasant　 D．surprising解析：考查形容词词义辨析。根据第9空前的heard bad outcomes可知，此处指“心烦的(upset)”境况。故选B。10．A.example　 B．incidentC．relief　 D．event解析：考查名词词义辨析。根据第10空后的of one student helping another__11__the two boys were competitors.可知，这是学生互相帮助的“例子(example)”。故选A。11．A.as for　 B．as thoughC．even though　 D．now that解析：考查状语从句连接词。根据第11空前后one student helping another和the two boys were competitors.可知，此处是一种转折关系，是even though引导的让步状语从句。故选C。12．A.Therefore　 B．OtherwiseC．Besides　 D．However解析：考查副词词义辨析。根据下文Staubs said she tries to raise her children like what her grandmother did.可知，Staubs对儿子的行为并不感到惊讶，所以前后是一种转折关系。however然而。故选D。13．A.pleased　 B．surprisedC．delighted　 D．puzzled解析：考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文Staubs said she tries to raise her children like what her grandmother did.可知，Staubs对儿子的行为并不“感到惊讶”。 surprised感到惊讶的。故选B。14．A.involved　 B．threatenedC．influenced　 D．endangered解析：考查动词词义辨析。根据第14空前She arrived at the meet five minutes after the rescue happened. Something in her mind told her that her son was somehow可知，Staubs觉得此事与儿子“有关；涉及(A.involved)”。故选A。15．A.determined　 B．generousC．selfless　 D．devoted解析：考查形容词词义辨析。根据第15空前后Xavier performing such a __15__act was something she’s used to hearing about可知，此处指Xavier有过很多次“无私的(selfless)”行为。故选C。Ⅱ.阅读理解(2020·福建省龙岩一中高三上学期月考试题)While many of us may have been away somewhere nice last summer, few would say that we’ve “summered.” “Summer” is clearly a noun, more precisely, a verbed noun.Way back in our childhood, we all learned the difference between a noun and a verb. With such a tidy definition, it was easy to spot the difference. Not so in adulthood, where we are expected to “foot” bills, “chair” committees, and “dialogue” with political opponents. Chances are you didn’t feel uncomfortable about the sight of those verbed nouns.“The verbing of nouns is as old as the English language，” says Patricia O’Conner, a former editor at The New York Times Book Review. Experts estimate that 20 percent of all English verbs were originally nouns. And the phenomenon seems to be snowballing. Since 1900, about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns.Even though conversion (转化) is quite universal, plenty of grammarians object to the practice. William Strunk Jr. and E．B.White, in The Elements of Style—the Bible for the use of American English—have this to say: “Many nouns lately have been pressed into service as verbs. Not all are bad, but all are suspect.” The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, advising writers to use verbs with great care.“Sometimes people object to a new verb because they resist what is unfamiliar to them，” says O’Conner. That’s why we’re comfortable “hosting” a party, but we might feel upset by the thought of “medaling” in sports. So are there any rules for verbing? Benjamin Dreyer, copy chief at Random House, doesn’t offer a rule, but suggests that people think twice about “verbifying” a noun if it’s easily replaceable by an already existing popular verb. Make sure it’s descriptive but not silly-sounding, he says.In the end, however, style is subjective. Easy conversion of nouns to verbs has been part of English grammar for centuries; it is one of the processes that make English “English.” Not every coinage (新创的词语) passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing altogether, forget it.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。主要内容是英语语言中“名词动用”的语言现象，据专家估计20%的英语动词原本是名词，但大多数专家对“名词动用”这类名词的使用持有谨慎态度。也有人反对新动词，因为他们抗拒自己不熟悉的东西。文章就此展开了讨论。1．What can we learn about the verbing of nouns？__C__A．It hasn’t recently been opposed by many grammarians.B．It is more commonly accepted by children than adults.C．It hasn’t been a rare phenomenon in the past century.D．It is easily replaced by existing verbs in practice解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的Since 1900, about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns.(自1900年以来，大约40%的新动词来自名词。)可知，我们知道在过去的一个世纪里，名词动用并不是罕见的现象。故选C。2．What is most leading experts’ attitude towards the practice of the verbing of nouns？__A__A．Cautious.　 B．Satisfied.C．Disappointed.　 D．Unconcerned.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的Not all are bad, but all are suspect.(不是所有的都是坏的，但所有的都是可疑的。)和The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, advising writers to use verbs with great care.(《芝加哥文体手册》也持类似观点，建议作者小心使用动词。)可知，对于名词动用的用法，大多数的专家持谨慎的态度。故选A。3．What does the author think of ending the verbing of nouns？__D__A．Predictable.　 B．Practicable.C．Approaching.　 D．Impossible.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的Not every coinage (新创的词语) passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing altogether, forget it.(并不是所有的造词都被广泛使用，但是想要完全停止动词的使用，还是算了吧。)可知，作者认为结束名词动用用法的使用是不可能的，故选D。4．What is the best title for the text？__B__A．Are 40 Percent of all new verbs from nouns?B．Are Summering and Medaling Annoying?C．Are You Comfortable about a New Verb?D．Are There Any Rules for Verbing?解析：主旨大意题。通读全文以及文章的第一段可知，英语语言中“名词动用”的语言现象，据专家估计20%的英语动词原本是名词，但大多数专家对“名词动用”这类名词的使用持有谨慎态度，但是完全杜绝这类词的使用又是不可能的。也有人反对新动词，因为他们抗拒自己不熟悉的东西，用正反两个观点来说明这类名词动用的语言现象是否受人欢迎，故引用文章中的名词动用的两个词Summering和Medaling来进行概括，故B选项(Summering和Medaling很讨厌吗？)可以作为本文标题，故选B。Ⅲ.读后续写(2021·山东临沂市高三期中)At sixty degrees below zero, Harry walked down the trail on a cold, gray day.Pure white snow and ice covered the Earth for as far as he could see.This was his first winter in Alaska.He was wearing heavy clothes and fur boots, but he still felt cold and uncomfortable.Harry was on his way to a camp near Henderson Creek where his friends were waiting.He expected to reach Henderson Creek by six o’clock that evening.It would be dark by then.He refreshed when he realized his friends would have a fire and hot food ready for him.To make things better, there was a dog accompanying him on the journey.The dog loved its owner but did not like the extreme cold.It knew the weather was too cold to travel.In spite of this bad situation, Harry with the dog continued to walk down the trail.He came to a frozen stream called Indian Creek.He began to walk on the snow-covered ice.It was a trail that would lead him straight to his friends.As he walked, Harry looked carefully at the ice in front of him.Once, he stopped suddenly, and then walked around a part of the frozen stream.He saw an underground spring flowing under the ice at that spot.It made the ice thin.If he stepped there, he might break through the ice into a pool of water.To get his boots wet in such cold weather might kill him.His feet would turn to ice quickly and he could freeze to death.At about twelve o’clock, Harry decided to stop to eat his lunch.He took off the glove on his right hand, opened his jacket and pulled out his food, which took less than twenty seconds.Yet, his fingers began to freeze.Harry hit his hand against his leg several times until he felt a sharp pain.Then he quickly put his glove on his hand.He made a fire, beginning with small pieces of wood and adding larger ones.He sat on a snow-covered log and ate his lunch, enjoying the warm fire for a few minutes.Then he stood up and started walking on the frozen stream again.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Several minutes later，the ice broke suddenly and Harry’s feet sank into the water.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What’s worse，his dog ran away and the fear of death came over Harry.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文：Several minutes later, the ice broke suddenly and Harry’s feet sank into the water.It was not deep, but his legs got wet to the knees.Harry was so upset that the accident would delay his schedule.He had to find some firewood to build a fire to dry his clothes.He pulled off his gloves, took out his matches, and lighted the fire.Seeing the burning fire, he had thought he was safe.But suddenly, without warning, a heavy mass of snow dropped down.The flame of hope was put out.What’s worse, his dog ran away and the fear of death came over Harry.He had no choice but to run to save himself.However, he did not feel his feet when they hit the ground.Having fallen several times, he decided to rest a while.As he lay in the snow, he noticed he was not shaking.He could not feel his nose or fingers or feet.A feeling of horror came into his mind.It was when he realized he was going to die that he heard a bark and the noise his friends made.