英语选择性必修 第二册Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land教学演示课件ppt

这是一份英语选择性必修 第二册Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land教学演示课件ppt，共43页。PPT课件主要包含了语法精讲透析，补足语，Knowing，saying，rebuilt，mended，pointed，singing，moving，moved等内容，欢迎下载使用。

现在分词和过去分词【体验·悟】　　阅读下面的课文原句,体会黑色字体的单词在句中的作用。※The next day was clear and mild, and they were pleased t see the beautiful muntains lking ut ver the city.※Seen frm the train windw, the muntains and frests f Canada lked massive.※The next mrning, the tw girls arse early t take the train t Lake Luise, passing thrugh the Canadian Rckies.
※Lking at the beautiful scenery, they bth agreed that it was the mst awesme jurney they had ever taken.※There was frst n the grund, cnfirming that autumn had arrived in Canada.【生成·得】1.现在分词具有双重性,一面具有动词的特征,可以有自己的_____和_____;另一面具有形容词和副词的特征,可以充当_____,_____,_____,_______,可以表示主动或正在进行的动作,是非谓语动词的一种。2.过去分词在句中可以作定语、状语或宾语补足语,表示它与所修饰的词之间的被动关系。
【研学·析】一、现在分词的时态　　过去分词没有时态形式的变化,所以这里只讲现在分词的时态形式。1.现在分词的时态形式一般式:ding 完成式:having dne
2.现在分词一般式其所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。如:※Wrking tgether with Dr.Bethune,we learned a lt frm him.在和白求恩大夫一起工作时,我们从他身上学到了很多东西。(wrking与learned同时发生)3.现在分词完成式其所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,常常用作状语,表示时间或原因。如:※Having dne his hmewrk,the schlby began t write his diary.这个男学生做完作业后,开始写日记。(having dne his hmewrk发生在began之前,表示时间。)
4.现在分词的被动语态一般式:being dne完成式:having been dne如:※Being surrunded,the enemy trps were frced t surrender.敌军被包围了,被迫投降。※Having been asked t stay,I culdn’t very well leave.人家请我留下,我就不好离开了。
【内化·用】语法填空。①________ (knw) that they were ging abrad next week, they began t make preparatins.②Nt ___________(d) it right, I tried again. ③He came up t me,______ (say)“Glad t see yu again.”④This is ne f the many dams __________(build) alng the river. 
being built
二、含有分词的复合宾语　　分词可作复合宾语中的宾语补足语。可有这种复合宾语的动词有see,watch,hear,set,keep,find,have,get等等。如:※We saw them walking acrss the rad.我们看见他们穿过那条马路。
【语境辨析】1.在have或get后面的复合宾语中,宾语补足语多是过去分词,而它所表示的动作又往往由别人完成。如:※We must get the televisin set repaired.我们必须把电视机修好。(请别人修)2.但have的复合宾语中的过去分词的动作有时不一定由别人来完成。如:※He had his arm brken.他把手臂折断了。(不是别人给弄折的,而是自己弄折的)
【点拨迷津】1.上述句子结构变为被动语态时,除主语和宾语互换位置外,分词不动。如上面的例句可变为:※They were seen walking acrss the rad.2.现在分词在复合宾语中和动词原形在复合宾语中的意义稍有不同。后者指事情的全过程,目的在于仅仅说明发生了这件事;前者指正在继续的动作的一部分,目的在于将该动作当时进行的情景呈现于读者之前,其含义相当于进行时态。如:※I saw him g upstairs.我看见他上楼去了。(看见他上楼的整个过程,只说明他上楼这件事)
※I saw him ging upstairs.我看见他走上楼的。(只看见他上楼这个动作的一部分,说明他上楼的情景)※I was wrking in the rm all mrning, I heard smebdy knck at the next dr.我整个上午在房间工作,听见有人敲隔壁房间的门。(听见敲门整个过程)※When I went back t the rm,I heard her practicing singing in the next rm.我回房间时听见她在隔壁房间练歌。(只听见一部分,也许回房间前她已开始唱了)
【内化·用】语法填空。①I fund my hmetwn almst cmpletely ______(rebuild).②I had my watch _______(mend) in twn.③If we have shrtcmings,we are nt afraid t have them _______(pint) ut and criticized.④We heard the children _______(sing)“I Lve Beijing’s Tian’ anmen”.
三、现在分词和过去分词主要的区别表现在语态和时间关系上1.语态上不同:现在分词表示主动的意思,而过去分词多由及物动词变来,表示被动的意思。试比较:surprising 使人感到惊讶的(主动)surprised 自己感到惊讶的(被动,即被惊讶的)an exciting stry 一个令人兴奋的故事(主动)excited spectatrs 激动的观众(被动,即被引起激动的)A tiring jurney 累人的旅行A tired ftball player 累了的足球运动员
※He tld us many interesting things last night.他昨夜告诉我们许多有趣的事情。※She is interested in astrnmy.她对天文学有兴趣。也有一些过去分词是由不及物动词变来的,它们只表示一个动作已完成,没有被动的意味。如:the risen sun 升起的太阳fallen leaves 落叶the explded bmb 已爆炸了的炸弹a retired miner 一个退休矿工
2.时间关系上不同:一般说来,现在分词所表示的动作往往正在进行,而过去分词所表示的动作,往往已经完成。试比较:the changing wrld 正在变化着的世界the changed wrld 已经变化了的世界biling water 正在开的水biled water 已经煮开过的水(可能是凉开水)develping cuntries 发展中国家
【内化·用】根据汉语提示用括号中词的适当形式填空。①a _______(mve) film 一部感人的影片②a ______(mve) audience 一位受感动的观众③________(return) students 归国留学生④_________(develp) cuntries 发达国家
四、分词和分词短语的作用 1.作定语作定语用的分词如果是单词,一般放在它所修饰的名词之前。如:※I’m reading a very interesting bk.我在读一本很有趣的书。※He likes t drink cld biled water.他喜欢喝凉开水。
分词短语作定语用时,一般放在它所修饰的名词的后面。它的功用相当于定语从句。如:※After getting all the wrk dne, we put up a bard reminding peple t prtect the trees. (=which/that reminded peple t prtect the trees)做完所有的工作后,我们竖起了布告牌提醒人们保护这些树木。※The man sitting in the crner is my brther.(=wh is sitting in the crner)坐在角落里的那个人是我的弟弟。
2.作表语※The pera is very mving and instructive.这个歌剧很动人,且有教育意义。※The cups are brken.这些杯子是破的。【点拨迷津】分词作表语用时,相当于形容词,不可与进行时态和被动语态中的分词混淆。它们的形式相似,但可以从意义上加以辨别。试比较:※Lei Feng’s spirit is inspiring the peple all ver the cuntry.雷锋的精神鼓舞着全国人民。(现在进行时)
※His reprt is inspiring.他的报告鼓舞人心。(现在分词作表语)※The rad was cmpleted by the PLA men.这条路是中国人民解放军战士修成的。(被动语态)※The rad is cmpleted.这条路已经修成。(过去分词作表语)
3.作状语:分词在意义上也可用作状语,表示时间、原因、方式和伴随情况等。(1)表示时间(在意义上往往相当于表示时间的状语从句)。如:※Lking ut f the windw,I saw grups f children passing by the huse.我从窗口望出去,看见成群的孩子们从房子前面走过。(= When I lked ut f the windw)※Heated,the metal expands.这种金属加热后会膨胀。(=When it is heated)※Opening the drawer he tk ut a dictinary.他打开抽屉,拿出一本词典。(= He pened the drawer and tk...这两个动作是一个接着一个)
【点拨迷津】如果要强调分词短语与谓语动词所表示的时间关系,分词短语之前可用when或while等连词。如:※While wrking in the factry (= While I was wrking in the factry),I learnt a lt frm the wrkers.我在工厂工作期间,从工人那里学到了很多东西。(2)表示原因(在意义上相当于表示原因的状语从句)。如:※Feeling tired, I telephned and said I culdn’t cme t a hspital f Chinese medicine.我感到累,打电话说我不能去中医医院了。(= Since I felt tired)※Thinking that Chinese medicine might help,he went t a hspital f Chinese medicine.他想中医也许有效,于是到一家中医医院去治病。(= As he thught that...)
(3)表示方式、伴随情况及结果(这种用法没有相当的状语从句可以代替)。如:※He came running back t tell us the news.他跑着回来告诉我们这个消息。(方式)※She std there waiting fr the bus.她站在那儿等公共汽车。(伴随情况)※The child fell,striking head against the dr and cutting it.小孩摔了一跤,头在门上碰破了。(结果)※He went ut slamming the dr.他走出去砰地一声把门关上了。(伴随情况)※The lichens came brne by strms.这些地衣是由暴风雨带来的。(方式)
【内化·用】用括号中单词的适当形式填空。①Mst f the peple ______(invite) t the party did nt cme.②He was _______(marry) when he was twenty five years ld.③________(inspire) by the excellent situatin they wrked even harder.
五、独立主格结构(abslute cnstructin)1.定义独立主格,首先它是一个“格”,而不是一个“句子”,在英语中任何一个句子都要有主谓结构,而在这个结构中,没有真正的主语和谓语动词,但又在逻辑上构成主谓或主表关系。独立主格结构不是主谓完整的简单句,而只是一个短语。其公式为:名词/名词短语/代词+不定式/-ing分词/-ed分词/形容词/副词/介词短语。名词前也可以加with。
2.功能“独立主格结构”在句中的功能就相当于一个带有自己主语的状语从句。众所周知非限制性从句通常以主句的某一成分作为自己的逻辑主语,从而依附于主句。而有些非限制性从句和无动词从句带有自己的主语,在结构上与主句不发生关系,因此成为独立主格结构。其实,虽然叫作独立主格结构,但并不是真正的独立,它还是一种从属分句,在句中有多种作用。如:表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等,在句中通常起状语作用。有时还可以作定语。
独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中,其作用相当于一个状语从句,常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如:(1)表示时间The meeting being ver, all f us went hme.开完会后我们都回家了。the meeting being ver相当于when the meeting was ver。Her wrk dne, she sat dwn fr a cup f tea.她干完了活,坐下来喝茶。her wrk dne相当于when her wrk was dne。
(2)表示条件The cnditin being favrable, he may succeed.若条件有利,他或许能成功。the cnditin being favrable相当于If the cnditin is favrable。(3)表示原因There being n taxis, we had t walk.没有出租车,我们只好步行。There being n taxis相当于Since there was n taxi。He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frsty.夜又黑又冷,所以他把她裹得严严实实的。the night being dark and frsty相当于as the night was dark and frsty。
(4)表示伴随情况Almst all metals are gd cnductrs, silver being the best f all.几乎所有的金属都是良导体,而银则是最好的导体。(=Almst all metals are gd cnductrs, and silver is the best f all.)(5)表示补充说明*We redubled ur effrts, each man wrking like tw.我们加倍努力,一个人干两个人的活。注:独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时,相当于一个状语从句,一般放在句首,表示原因时还可放在句末;表伴随状况或补充说明时,相当于一个并列句,通常放于句末。
特点①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。②名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词存在逻辑上的主谓关系,即逻辑主语为动作执行者。③独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开(不绝对)。
【点拨迷津】1.独立主格与状语从句的转换:当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时,可用独立主格结构取代状语从句,但不再保留连词。如:After class was ver (=Class being ver / Class ver), the students sn left the classrm.下课后,学生很快离开了教室。2.不能省略being (having been)的情形:在下列三种情况下,独立主格结构中的being(或having been)不能省略。(1)独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如:It being Sunday, we went t church.因为是星期天,我们去做礼拜了。
(2)在There being+名词的结构中。如:There being n bus, we had t g hme n ft.因为没有公共汽车,所以我们不得不步行回家。(3)当独立主格结构中 being dne 表示“正在被做时”,being不可省略。如:The rm being painted nw, we can’t g there.房间现在正在粉刷,我们不能去那儿。
3.通常不用物主代词或冠词:在“名词(或代词)+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中,一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。如: Mr Smith entered the classrm, bk in hand.史密斯先生走进了教室,手里拿着一本书。4.独立主格结构没有所有格形式。如:The chief editr arriving, we began the meeting.主编来了,我们开始开会。
【内化·用】用括号中单词的适当形式填空。①We shall thresh the wheat, weather __________(permit).②It _____(be) Natinal Day tday, the streets are very crwded.③This _____(d),we went hme.④She gazed,her hands _______(clasp)t her breast.
【常温故·勤总结】　　现在分词构成口诀　　现在分词用途多,进行时态不可缺。它的构成很好记,动词后缀-ing,词尾若有哑音e,去e再加-ing。一辅重读闭音节,这个字母要双写。还有一点要注意,改ie为y再加-ing。注意:以上口诀可以归纳成九个字“直接加,去e加,双拼加。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Nt ________(knw) where t g, she went t the plice statin fr help.2.A little child ________(learn) t walk ften falls.3. _______(have) finished her hmewrk, the little girl began t watch building _____(be) built is ur library.5. _______(have) been warned by the teacher, the students didn’t make such mistakes.6. _________(travel) is interesting but ’s _____(be) s careless caused s much was a terrible nise ________(fllw) the sudden burst f light.
9.The visiting minister expressed his satisfactin with the talks, ______(add) that he had enjyed his stay here.10. ______(see) frm the tp f the hill, we can find that the city lks mre beautiful.
Ⅱ.语法填空　　When we plant a rse seed in the earth,we ntice it is small,but we d nt criticize it as “rtless and stemless”.We treat it as a seed, 1.　　　　　 (give) it the water and nurishment required 2.　　　　　 a seed. 　　When it first 3.　　　　　 (sht) up ut f the earth,we dn’t cndemn(指责)it as 4.　　　　　(mature) and underdevelped, 5.　　　　　 d we criticize the buds fr nt being pen when they appear.We stand in wnder at the prcess 6.　　　　　 (take) place,and give the plant the care it needs at each stage f its develpment. 
　　The rse is a rse frm the time it is a seed t the time it dies.Within it,at all times,it cntains its whle ptential.It seems t be 7.　　　 (cnstantly) in the prcess f change:Yet at each state,at each mment,it is perfectly all right 8.　　　it is. 　　A flwer is nt 9.　　　　　 (gd) when it blms than when it is merely a bud;at each stage it is 10.　　　　　 same thing—a flwer in the prcess f expressing its ptential. 
【语篇概述】一粒微小的玫瑰花籽被植入土壤时,我们并不因它“无根无茎”而加以批评。我们把它当作一粒种子来对待,给它所需的水分和养料。一朵花,在每一个阶段都是相同的,无论是倾情绽放的花朵还是含苞欲放的花蕾,都是这朵花——一朵时刻展现自己潜能的花。
1.【解析】giving。 考查分词。分析句式可知,We和give之间是主动关系,故使用现在分词作状语。 2.【解析】f。 考查介词。这里的f表示所属关系,即一粒种子所需要的水和营养。 3.【解析】shts。 考查时态。根据句意,叙述的是一种常识,故用一般现在时,主语为it,故使用第三人称单数形式。4.【解析】immature。 考查形容词。根据句子里的underdevelped可知,此处需填一个形容词与之并列,immature 表示未成熟的。 5.【解析】nr。 考查代词。根据前文的we dn’t cndemn可知,为否定句,构成固定句型,“既不……也不……”。