专题15阅读理解之事实细节题讲解与练习-2023年高考英语一轮复习小题多维练（通用版）

这是一份专题15阅读理解之事实细节题讲解与练习-2023年高考英语一轮复习小题多维练（通用版），文件包含专题15解析版阅读理解之事实细节题讲解与练习-2023年高考英语一轮复习小题多维练通用版docx、专题15原卷版阅读理解之事实细节题讲解与练习-2023年高考英语一轮复习小题多维练通用版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共21页， 欢迎下载使用。
Part 1整体感知
一、细节理解题分类：直接信息题和间接信息题（语意转换题）
常出的设问方式：殊疑问句形式。常常以when, where, why, what, which, wh, hw much/many等疑问词引出的问题。
Which tur d yu need t bk in advance?
What will yu d n the Capital City Bike Tur?
Hw lng des Ptty abut Ptter last?
Hw much shuld a member f a tur grup pay t visit Hall&Gardens?
Where can yu buy a suvenir at Pacifiv Science Center?
二、正确选项特征
1. 同义替换。指对原文句子中的关键词进行同意替换。如把reserve替换成了bk。有些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，例如把reserve替换成reservatin；改变原文中句子的语态；如主动语态与被动语态的转换。
2. 信息归纳。用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设置为正确答案。
3.正话反说。把原文的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。
三、干扰选项特征
1. 张冠李戴。是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。
2. 无中生有。符合常识，但不是文章的内容。
3. 曲解文意。与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动。
4. 颠倒是非。在意思上与原文大相径庭人甚至完全相反。
5. 正误参半。部分正确，部分错误
Part 2 解题方法
方法1 直接信息题
从题干中找关键词 回归原文，快速浏览原文定位与关键词相关的信息句
仔细核对比较内容，找到答案
典题例证（2018.全国卷I阅读A节选）
Washingtn Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tur
Duratin:3 hurs(7miles)
Jin a small grup bike tur fr an evening f explratin in the heart f Washingtn, D.C. Get up clse t the mnuments and memrials as yur bike the sites f Capitl Hill and the Natinal Mall. Frequent stps are made fr pht taking as yur guide ffers unique facts and histry. Tur includes bike, helmet, and bttled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
23. Which f the fllwing des the bicycle tur at night prvide?
A. City maps. B. Cameras.
C. Meals D. Safety lights
第一步：依据题干信息，选择定位关键词
仔细阅读题干可知“at night”为问题的定位关键词。
第二步：由定位关键词，回归原文进行信息定位
带着“at night”这个定位关键词，通过寻读、略读等技巧可快速找到有此关键词的句子“Tur includes bike, helmet, and bttled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.”，根据此句，可以迅速确定答案为D选项。
方法2 间接信息题
第一步：审读题干抓关键词，定位信息区间
确定关键词时，要注意该词在原文中的唯一性，这样有助于快速定位原文的信息区间。
根据关键词，结合命题顺序原则（题目的顺序与文章的顺序大体一致）回到原文找命题区间。
第二步：选项与原文逐一对比，仔细甄别，排除干扰选项，确定正确答案
典题例证（2017.全国卷II阅读D节选）
When a leafy plant is under attack, it desn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983, tw scientists,Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin,reprted that yung maple trees getting bitten by insects send ut a particular smell that neighbring plants can get. These chemicals cme frm the injured parts f the plant and seem t be an alarm.What the plants pump thrugh the air is a mixture f chemicals knwn as vlatile rganic cmpunds, VOCs fr shrt.
32. What des a plant d when it is under attack?
A. It makes nises. B. It gets help frm ther plants.
C. It stands quietly D. It sends ut certain chemicals.
第一步：审读题干找出关键词，定位信息区间
根据关键词的醒目性和唯一性原则，可以确定本题的关键词为plant和under attack。从而定位本题的信息区间为所节选段。
第二步：选项与原文逐一对比，确定正确选项
It makes nises.信息定位When a leafy plant is under attack, it desn’t sit quietly… send ut a particular smell… 对比分析，选项定性：无中生有
It gets help frm ther plants.信息定位yung maple trees getting bitten by insects send ut a particular smell that neighbring plants can get. 对比分析,选项定性：曲解文意
It stands quietly. 信息定位When a leafy plant is under attack, it desn’t sit quietly. 对比分析,选项定性：颠倒是非
It sends ut certain chemicals.信息定位send ut a particular smell that neighbring plants can get… knwn as vlatile rganic cmpunds, VOCs fr shrt. 对比分析,选项定性：信息归纳
Part 3 阅读理解仿真组合练
A
Butterfly Garden (Permanent Exhibit)
Walk amng the free-flying residents f this warm cnservatry. It is a wnderful pprtunity t get clse t a variety f living butterflies frm New England and acrss the glbe. The “Emergence Bx” ffers a windw int the butterfly behavir. Lk inside t see hanging chrysalids (蝶蛹) transfrm int adult butterflies. Tickets are required and visitrs shuld reserve at least tw weeks in advance.
A Bird’s Wrld (Permanent Exhibit)
This exhibit features the Museum’s extrardinary cllectin f birds, displaying ver 300 species fund in New England. Here, yu can learn t interpret the bird language taking place just utside yur windw at hme.
Test yur bservatin skills and see if yu can get past different birds withut them alerting (发信号) ther animals t yur presence. Learn t identify birds frm a distance by recgnizing unique flight patterns. Practice yur flying technique in the Bird Walk.
Hall f Human Life (Permanent Exhibit)
Shuld yu have yur baby’s DNA sequenced? What keeps yu awake? Step inside the Hall f Human Life, the Museum’s new bilgy exhibitin, and encunter such far-reaching questins n an amazing jurney inside the human bdy. Thrugh digital media and persnal interactin, yu becme “part f the stry’, as yu cntribute yur wn data in a prcess f learning and discvery.
BODY WORLDS & The Cycle f Life (Temprary Exhibit Nw Open!)
BODY WORLDS cmes t the Museum f Science with a new chapter, Gunther vn Hagens’ BODY WORLDS & The Cycle f Life. Dn’t miss this truly unique pprtunity t lk within yurself and gain a whle new perspective n what it means t be alive. Mre than ne hundred preserved human specimens reveal the wnders f human develpment and shw hw pr health, gd health, and lifestyle chices can shape yur bdy.
1. Which exhibit d yu need t bk in advance?
A. Butterfly GardenB. A Bird’s Wrld
C. Hall f Human LifeD. BODY WORLDS & The Cycle f Life
2. What can yu d in A Bird’s Wrld?
A. Imprve yur wn flying technique.
B. Cmmunicate with birds in bdy language.
C. Watch digital media shwing birds’ histry.
D. See different birds frm all ver the wrld.
3. What is special abut BODY WORLDS & The Cycle f Life?
A. It is related t human bdy.
B. It lasts fr nly a limited time.
C. It is the mst visited exhibitin in the wrld.
D. It has smething t d with the grwth f life.
B
Natinal Park Assciatin f Queensland Activities
Vegetatin Management Grup
Saturday 14th March 2020
Lcatin: Jlly’ s Lkut carpark, D’Aguilar Natinal Park
Leader: Angus McElnea (0429854446 r gus mcelnea@htmail.cm)
Get yur hands dirty! Cme and spend a cuple f hurs t help with lantana(a type f flwering plant) cntrl and revegetatin(植被再造) wrk in the Bmbana and Jlly’s Lkut areas f D’Aguilar Natinal Park, west f Brisbane.
Wynnum Nrth Bardwalk
Sunday 15th March 2020
Lcatin: Wynnum Nrth Bardwalk Leader: Jcelyn Dixn (0733788486)
Fee: $5(members) $10(nn-members)
Jin with us t view the water and bush birds f this area. A track frm Wynnum Nrth Rad leads t a secret place fr viewing a diverse mix f birds walking arund in water. Frm there we will take a shrt walk t the Mangrve Bardwalk.
May Lng Weekend Camp
Saturday 2nd May t Mnday 4th May 2020 Leader: Tny Parsns (0433224544)
Jin us fr a lng weekend in Brder Rangers Natinal Park, camping at Sheep Statin Creek campgrund. Spend the days explring the natinal park, and evenings arund the campfire. We will have the chance t view Mt Warning frm the Pinnacle at sunrise and sunset. Bring yur family and stay fr the weekend r cme dwn fr a day. It will be enjyable.
Central West Qld Natinal Parks
Saturday 29th August t Sunday 6th September 2020 Leader: Wendy Bell(0733002473)
Exciting pprtunity t visit and explre at least six natinal parks in the cmfrt f a big cach and be accmmdated, rather than camping. Basic cst f the tur is $3, 400 per persn. Ttal cst includes all transprt, all meals, and activity fees.
4. Wh will yu call if yu are interested in bird-watching?
A. Angus McElnea.B. Jcelyn Dixn.C. Tny Parsns.D. Wendy Bell.
5. In which f the activities will a fire be built?
A. May Lng Weekend Camp.B. Wynnum Nrth Bardwalk.
C. Vegetatin Management Grup.D. Central West Qld Natinal Parks.
6. Hw is Central West Qld Natinal Parks different frm the ther activities?
A. It is a weekend activity.
B. Lts f walking is invlved.
C. The rganizer prvides the transprt.
D. Visitrs have t bring their wn fd.
C
We can stay yung frever. That is the message Dr. Shen Ziyin wants t give the wrld. And the Chinese dctr claims that he has fund an answer t the prblems f aging.
His slutin is a herbal medicine t slw the prcess f aging.
Dr. Shen Ziyin has been trained in Western medicine. At the same time he studied traditinal Chinese medicine. And, he has been wrking fr the past frty years t put tgether the best f bth and find a cure fr aging. He has taken a hint frm the ancient Chinese medicine system called "shen".
Accrding t Shen, it is the kidney (肾脏)which adjusts the functining f the bdy as well as its aging prcess. It is respnsible fr the level f activity that the human bdies g thrugh. Studies cnducted by Dr. Shen shw that herbal medicine based n the shen system slw the aging prcess, says a reprt in The Telegraph newspaper.
We ntice that when peple grw ld, they have reduced strength, lss f hair, backache, weakness in general, and wrinkles, amng thers. This happens because when peple grw ld, their bdies prduce T-cells. These T-cells cntain a particular substance called Fas. Fas makes the cells in the bdy destruct themselves.
S the nly way t slw dwn aging is t slw the prductin f T-cells in the bdy. This can happen if peple eat lw calrie fd. Then the bdy is nt active enugh t prduce extra T-cells. But, is ging hungry all the time a gd price t pay fr staying yung?
This is where Dr. Shen's herbal medicine cmes in. But hw effective it will be, nly time can tell.
7. Hw did Dr. Shen find the slutin t the prblem f aging?
A. By studying Western medicine.
B. By learning traditinal Chinese medicine.
C. By ding research n bth Western and Chinese peple.
D. By cmbining bth Western and Chinese medicine.
8. What plays the mst imprtant rle in keeping peple yung accrding t Shen?
A. Medical treatment.B. Peple's gd kidney.
C. Level f peple's activity.D. Psitive life attitude.
9. The reasn why peple becme ld is that _____.
A. they becme weaker and weaker
B. their bdies are unable t fight diseases
C. they have reduced strength, lss f hair
D. their bdies prduce T-cells
10. We can prbably learn frm the passage that _____.
A. eating mre lw calrie fd can allw peple t keep yung
B. the mre Chinese herbal medicine peple drink, the better fr health
C. peple shuld try t quicken the prductin f T-cells in the bdy
D. Dr. Shen's herbal medicine is very effective
D
Dressed in a dark blue waterprf (防水) jacket, utdr shes and a small backpack, 25-year-ld Ye Tian tries t get in an abandned cking plant in Beijing.
An intern (实习生) fr a German cmpany in Beijing, Ye is amng thusands f yuth interested in city adventures, which they call urban explratin-4urbex' fr shrt.
The aim f this trending (流行) hbby is t explre structures — usually abandned ruins r hidden areas f the manmade envirnment. Urban explrers are interested in these sites because they can understand cities frm a different angle. Ye, fr example, said he enjyed the cntrast between Beijing's tw sides.
Widely knwn scenic spts and histrical sites can nly reflect the bright side f the city, r what the city wants yu t see, Ye said. “But abandned places shw yu the past (that is) hidden deep in peple's memries."
In the eyes f Pan Ran, wh is in her early 30s and wrks in Canada, an abandned building can als evke (引起，唤起) the spirits f thse wh lived and wrked there.
“There are diaries and letters recrding the wner's lives,” she said. “And ne time, I fund a whle bx f 8-millimeter videtapes f a family?
Pan culdn't watch the tapes at the site, as the pwer supply had been cut. She didn't take them away with her either, as there is a very imprtant rule f urbex that yu can't remve any suvenirs frm a site", Pan said.
While urban explratin can get peple t extrardinary places that few have visited, it's smetimes dangerus. Climbing up tall buildings and tip-teing thrugh abandned structures can smetimes be a life-threatening affair.
Injuries and even death are nt unheard f within the urbex cmmunity.
"In the beginning, I was pretty audacius and believed the riskier the places yu g, the better phts yu get," said Du Tianyu, 22. "But that is nt necessarily the case. After ding my calculatins, I learned t stp when I reach the limit."
11. Accrding t the text, why d urban explrers like t visit abandned places?
A. T escape the crwdedness f cities.
B. T take breathtaking pictures.
C. T appreciate different aspects f a city.
D. T knw abut the lives f the peple wh left.
12. What des Pan say is an imprtant rule f urban explratin?
A. Dn't take things frm a site.
B. Dn't buy suvenirs when explring structures.
C. Only explre abandned sites with lng histries.
D. Share travel diaries r jurnals within the urbex cmmunity.
13. The underlined wrd “audacius” in the last paragraph prbably means_____ .
A. cautiusB. adventurus
C. passinateD. curius
14. What's the best title fr the passage?
A. Travel in Big CitiesB. Visit a City's Histrical Sites
C. Experience a City's LifeD. See a City's Secrets