专题12 首字母填空-中考英语知识及解题技巧（牛津译林版）

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考生需通读全文,在字里行间捕捉信息,先易后难,既要理清逻辑,又要综合考虑。根据首字母填空考查范围极广,可以是英语知识的方方面面,还可能涉及其他学科,它要求考生在充分理解短文的基础上将单词拼写出来,并且单词形式合理,符合语法规范,符合短文需要。
根据首字母填空的解题技巧如下:
看第一句动词的时态,确定本文的基本时态;
通读全文;
做题:看前后文确定词性,注意名词单复数、动词时态以及单词拼写;
(4)检查所填单词是否符合文意。
真题训练
一
请根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词。
Chinese writing is ne f the wrld’s greatest writing systems. It is mre w 1 in use than alphabetic(字母的)writing systems. Mre than half f the wrld’s bks are written in Chinese, including histrical writings and nvels, alng with writings n gvernment and law.
At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based l 2 . It dates back several thusand years t the u 3 f animal bnes and shells n which symbls were carved(刻)by ancient Chinese peple. Sme f the ancient symbls can still be seen in t 4 hanzi.
By the Shang Dynasty, these symbls had becme a well-develped writing system. Over the years, the system develped int different frms, as it was a time when peple were d 5 gegraphically, leading t different dialects(方言)and characters. This, hwever, c 6 under Emperr Qinshihuang f the Qin Dynasty.
Emperr Qinshihuang united(统一)the seven majr states int ne cuntry where the Chinese writing system began t develp in ne directin. That writing system was f great i 7 in uniting the Chinese peple and culture. Even tday, n matter where Chinese peple live r what dialect they speak, they can all still c 8 in writing. Written Chinese has als becme an imprtant methd t c 9 China’s present with its past. Peple in mdern times can read the classic wrks which were written by Chinese in ancient times.
Tday, Chinese writing system is still an imprtant part f Chinese culture. As China plays a g 10 rle in the wrld, an increasing number f internatinal students are beginning t appreciate(欣赏)China’s culture thrugh this amazing language. Written Chinese spreads Chinese culture wherever it ges.
二
Smartphnes and e-readers have becme mre cmmn in recent years. Sme peple think that the days f paper bks will be gne. But recent surveys have shwn that traditinal bks are still ppular a 1 readers.
Research cmpany Nielsen fund that in the UK, sales f e-bks are f 2 while sales f paper bks are rising. Mre surprisingly, it’s yung peple wh are buying the mst physical bks. Anther survey f university students frm the United States, Slvakia(斯洛伐克)and Japan als shwed that 92 percent f t 3 preferred paper bks.
S what is b 4 the paper bk cmeback(回归)?
The mst ppular reasn given was:“I like t hld the prduct.”It’s true that paper bks bring a very different reading experience. Slvakian students said that they liked the smell f paper bks. Other students said that they culd get a s 5 f accmplishment(成就)when they finished reading a paper bk.
Paper bks can als be very persnal bjects t lvers f reading. Many peple like t sign their name n the i 6 cver. If the cver gets bent(弯曲)r there is a stain(污点)made n the pages frm cffee, all the better. The a 7 make the bk even mre persnal. It’s as if readers f paper bks make friends with them.
This “friendship” peple d 8 with bks isn’t just sentimental(情感的). Research has shwn that readers remember mre infrmatin reading frm paper bks t 9 e-bks. Peple als mre e 10 end up with headaches r sre eyes while reading e-bks.
S why nt pick up a bk and start reading?
三
请根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词。
As yu’ve just fund ut, pening a bk desn’t require much effrt. Hwever, even that wuld be i 1 if yu spent the night n the streets.
After lying fr hurs n cld grund, with nly a thin sleeping bag t prtect yu frm rain r ice, yur fingers wuld prbably be s numb(麻木的)that yu culd hardly m 2 them. Yu’d mst likely spend the day trying t find smething t eat and smewhere t shelter frm the freezing cld.
Yu might be surprised t hear that the number f peple sleeping rugh(露宿)in Lndn has dubled in the last five years and has i 3 by 30% acrss the rest f the cuntry during the last tw years.
Once we bring a hmeless persn ut f the freezing cld, we need yur help t give him a w 4 welcme at St Mung’s very much.
Will yu please give a Christmas gift f ￡25, which culd p 5 a hmeless persn with a St Mung’s welcme pack? It culd have a twel, shamp and sap(肥皂), s a hmeless persn can have a ht s 6 and a prper clean-up. The difference yu culd make wn’t end there. Yu see, welcming smene int warmth and safety is just the b 7 . Yu really culd enable smene t change their life fr gd.
Fr Harvey, it was lsing his jb that led t him becming hmeless. Since Harvey was welcmed int St Mung’s, he has received t 8 fr his health and s much mre. After he tk curses in useful life skills, he recently mved int his wn flat.
With yur gift, yu culd help us ffer a warm welcme t smene l 9 Harvey wh’s cme in frm the freezing streets. I’m sure yu’ll a 10 that that’s a wnderful present t give at Christmas. I hpe yu will send ￡25, r as much as yu can, tday.
四
根据短文内容和首字母提示,在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。(每空一词)
When Italian traveller Marc Pl came t Yangzhu in the 13th century, he recrded his amazing bservatins in his best-selling bk The Travels f Marc Pl. Fr ver 700 years, it n 1 went ut f print. Hllywd Filmmaker Chris Nebe fllws in the ftsteps f Marc Pl t explre China’s mystery. He has c 2 twelve dcumentaries f Mysterius China series, including Yangzhu: A City f Timeless Culture. This 30-minute dcumentary takes a clse lk at the beauty and c 3 f Yangzhu.
T live, humans and all warm-blded animals must have salt. In ancient time, salt was used as mney and had the values as g 4 . Clse t the seasalt-rich Yellw Sea, Yangzhu has been ne f the r 5 cities in China because f its lively trade in salt, silk and grain. The surviving mansins and gardens f wealthy salt businessmen are witnesses f Yangzhu’s great histry. L 6 a beautiful necklace, Yangzhu Slender West Lake lvingly embraces(拥抱) the city. It has been a memrizing attractin fr visitrs frm afar, shwing the lasting s 7 f Yangzhu—peace and harmny(和谐).
The gvernment has tried i 8 best t prtect the Old Twn f the 2500-year-ld city. The area has becme a great turist attractin. At night, the streets turn int a mysterius land. Here delicius snacks and treasured suvenirs w 9 t be discvered.
The ancient art f Chinese handicrafts is celebrated in Yangzhu. Favurites amng them are paper-cutting. Yangzhu’s e 10 t cntinue the art frm include China Paper-cutting Museum and turists can enjy masters’ shw n paper-cutting there.
Want t learn mre? Why nt watch the dcumentary in yur spare time?
五
先阅读短文,再在其后空白处写出各单词的正确形式,单词的第一个字母已给出。
Sap is widely used in ur lives arund the wrld. Once sap was a dangerus-t-make hair p 1 ,but it is smething that it wuld be difficult t live withut tday.
Sap is everywhere.We use it every day and c 2 it as smething imprtant in ur lives.It als has an amazing h 3 .In Babyln arund 2800 B.C., the e 4 knwn sap was made and used.Ancient Egyptians als made sap.At ne time, sap-making was nt s 5 .That’s because lye(碱液) b 6 chemical burns r even made peple blind in the making prcess.Other dangerus materials were als m 7 with animal fats and ils.Later,sap became a 8 in stres and peple gradually stpped making it in their hmes.
Originally(最初),sap was nt mainly used fr c 9 .Instead, it was used as gel(凝胶) fr making hair stay in place r smell gd. The Arabs first made the sap that we knw tday.They created clred,liquid,and hard saps. They even had saps which were used fr shaving(刮胡子).
Sap became peple’s f 10 in the late 1800s.Advertising in Eurpe and the US helped peple understand the cnnectin between cleanliness and gd health.Nw,sap is smething we wuldn’t want t live withut.
六
Furteen-year-ld girl Zhang Li was walking twards her hme. S 1 , a man stpped her and shuted,“Give me yur mney!”
Zhang’s hands were c 2 by the man. But in ne quick mvement, she tk back her arms and started t scream fr a 3 . S the man ran away withut g 4 any f her mney. Zhang is a student frm ne schl f Beijing. Her teacher Li Wei has started giving his students an unusual lessn:self-prtectin. Luckily, Zhang had just learned hw t escape frm an attacker, a p 5 wh plans t hurt smene.
The schl has t 6 self-prtectin fr fur years. During this time, abut 5,000 students have learned hw t prtect t 7 .
Accrding t a new survey, students’ s 8 has becme a big prblem. Nearly 50% students say they are wrried abut rbbery n the way t and frm schl. This schl is nt the nly ne t care abut students’ self-prtectin. Many ther schls in China als have lessns l 9 this.
Student Wang Hui said,“I learn hw t save lives and mst such curses tell students hw t a 10 dangerus situatins.” Students practise what t d if they are attacked by a bad man.
They have knwn hw t save lives if smene is hurt. They als learn hw t wrk tgether and build team spirit.
七
Many years ag, in a small village, an ld man was hired(雇用)t clear the spring(泉水)up n the muntain. He tk care f the spring every day, and s 1 away all the leaves and ther things t 2 wuld make the water dirty. Sn, beautiful swans(天鹅)came t the clear spring, and the village became a ppular attractin fr visitrs.
Years passed. One evening the twn leaders held a meeting. As they lked at the salary list, ne f them said, “Why d we keep this ld man 3 year after year? I dn’t think we need him r his wrk. ” Later, the ld man was t 4 t leave.
Fr several weeks, smething changed. When early a 5 came, the leaves began t fall ff the trees, and the spring was cvered with leaves. A few days later, the water was much darker. Only a few mnths a 6 the man left, all the swans left. And the t 7 didn’t cme, either.
Then they r 8 their mistake and rehired the ld man. A few weeks later, the spring began t clear up. Sn new life r 9 t the village.
S, my friends, d yu see? N matter hw small yur wrk seems t be, n 10 lk dwn upn it. Anything that we can d will make a difference.
八
As we knw, museums are building where many valuable and imprtant bjects are kept s that peple can g and see them. Fr example, art museums are places where peple can learn abut v 1 cultures. Mre and mre ppular “design museums” that are pening tday, hwever, perfrm quite a different rle. U 2 mst are museums, the design museum shws bjects that are easily fund in ur daily life, such as fridges and washing machines.
The a 3 f design museums is that they are places where peple feel familiar with the exhibits(展品). Being different frm the art museum visitrs, design museum visitrs s 4 feel frightened r puzzled. This is partly because design museums clearly shw hw and why mass-prducts(批量产品) wrk and lk as they d, and hw design has i 5 the quality f ur lives. Art museum exhibits, n the ther hand, wuld mst prbably fill visitrs with a feeling that there is smething b 6 their understanding.
Several new design museums have pened their drs in r 7 years. Each f these museums has tried t satisfy(满足) the public’s grwing interest in the field with new i 8 . Lndn’s Design Museum, fr example, shws a cllectin f mass-prduced bjects frm electric typewriters t a grup f Italian fish-tins. The chices pen t design museums seem far less strict t 9 thse t art museum, and visitrs may als sense(感觉到) the humrus part f ur sciety w 10 walking arund such exhibits as interesting and unusually attractive tys cllected frm ur everyday life.
九
Manners are imprtant in England. Here is sme a 1 if yu are ging t England.
British peple usually say “hell” r “nice t meet yu”. When yu are first i 2 t smene, shake their right hand with yur wn right hand. They nly greet relatives r clse friends w 3 a kiss. They like t start a cnversatin with subjects like the weather，hlidays, music r bks．They avid (避免) talking abut age, weight r mney. It is cnsidered i 4 t ask a lady her age.
British peple think it is rude t push in befre 5 . They always wait patiently fr their turn. They say “srry” if they bump (撞) int yu in the street. When they want yu t mve they say “excuse me”. They d nt like t shut r laugh l 6 in public. D pen drs fr ther peple. Men and wmen bth hld the dr pen fr each ther. It depends n (取决于) w 7 ges thrugh the dr first. They say “please” r “thank yu” all the time.
When sitting at the table, d nt start eating u 8 everyne is ready, and it is implite t make t much nise while eating r drinking. D nt eat with yur muth 9 r talk with fd in yur muth. Als d nt reach ver smene’s plate fr smething. Befre leaving, wait fr everyne t f 10 .
“When in Rme, d as the Rmans d.” When we are in a strange place，we shuld d as the lcal peple d.
十
It happens t mst f us at times as we try t get thrugh ur wrkday. When sitting at wrk, we suddenly f 1 a bit headache. But dn’t wrry; there are sme simple things that yu can d t ease (减轻) a headache at wrk w 2 medicine.
Drink a bttle f warm water. Many peple d nt r 3 that the dry air in their wrking place can be a danger because f the lack (缺少) f water.
Eat a h 4 meal. During a busy day, it is easy t f 5 t eat, have a meal with much prtein (蛋白质) which will give yu e 6 and quickly get rid f the hunger that is c 7 the headache. A cup f cffee r a piece f chclate can be just the thing that yu n 8 t ease yur headache fast and get back n yur way t a great day at wrk.
Step away frm what yu are wrking n fr five t ten m 9 . Often, yur headache is frm yur t much a 10 paid t ne thing. This can be a cmputer screen r even ne prject. The best thing wuld be t g utside fr yur eyes t get sme natural light and fresh air.
十一
On June 1, 2010 I watched a charity shw rganized by Hng Kng entertainment sciety. The aim f the shw was t r 1 mney fr the earthquake victims b 2 they lst their hmes and families in the earthquake.
Nearly tw hundred famus pp stars tk part in the charity shw, such as Jackie Chan, Nichlas Tse and Easn Chan. The stars didn't ask fr any pay. They did that fr f 3 ! There were a lt f perfrmances, including s 4 and dancing. The audience were s excited that they clapped their hands frm time t time. O 5 curse, the shw was successful.
All the peple fllwed the stars' e 6 . They d 7 their mney t the charity shw. Bth the ticket mney and the dnated shw are h 8 in ur cuntry, nt nly t help peple in truble but als t s 9 educatin prblem in pr areas. I h 10 the whle wrld will becme mre and mre beautiful with peple's help.
十二
D yu want t be the best student in yur class? Be the envy f all f yur friends in schl and be the p 1 f yur teachers and parents !First, a best student must study hard. This is the primary task f a student. Remember, if yu dn’t d anything, yu will be nthing. Ask questins in class if yu d nt understand smething. In additin, try t enjy all the s 2 yu learn at schl and wrk hard n them. It seems that hard-wrking students can have success mre e 3 .Secnd, gd study habits are very useful. Fr example, when yu prepare fr a test, make s 4 that yu have all f the prper materials including bks, pencils, paper, calculatrs, etc. Underline the wrds that yu d nt understand. And try marking sme f the themes mentined in the bk. Then, cme up w 5 study questins and try t answer them. Yu’d better stp t take a r 6 every hur t refresh yur memry. Dn’t frget t try asking yur parents fr h 7_. They have persnal learning experiences and can help yu with yur studies in many ways. Usually, the students wh ask their parents fr help can d b 8 in class than thse dn’t. Lastly, remember t never give up. Yu are already n yur way in becming the best student! The t__9____ is that it desn’t matter t fail if yu pick yurself up and try even harder. A 10 a lt f the famus peple were all nce failures, they never lst heart and managed t climb t the tp and succeed.
十三
Brn in the city, we regard the cuntry life as smething far away. We are used t e________in the city. We are even getting used t the nises and pllutin in the city. It has becme a p______ f ur life. I have never been t the cuntry. Nature is a wrd strange t us. This summer I had the chance t g with my parents n a v_____ t cuntryside.
Fr the first time in my life I have the experience with the cuntry life. Here I r_______ what a life f nature is. This is a small village far frm cities. It is at the ft f a muntain. The life there is s______. It is different frm the city life.
There are few cars r ther t_______ n the way. The air is fresh. The sky is high. The peple are friendly. They are nt as busy as t_____ in the big city. Everywhere yu can find peple bathing i______ the sun. They drink clean water. The water cmes frm the muntain. They e______the quiet life very much. What's mre, there yu can hear the sund f nature. Yu can find the children p______ with water in the river and the dgs running after the peple. All these make a wnderful picture f cuntryside. Hw I lve the cuntry life!
十四
Peple have been interested in rbts fr quite sme time. Scientists are always inventing new and better rbts. It is knwn that rbts p 1 an imprtant rle in ur lives.
First f all, in real life, rbts are m 2 used in factries. They d many different jbs. They always d all the d 3 , difficult and heavy wrk, and help ut in h 4 , schls and ffices. The use f rbts can i 5 the wrking cnditins fr peple.
Secndly, smarter rbts will help us w 6 the husewrk. They can d jbs such as preparing meals, washing dishes, s 7 the flr. Therefre, we will have mre time t d w 8 we want t d.
Thirdly, rbts will be ur f 9 . When we feel sad, lnely r happy, we can have a chat with a rbt. Rbts will nt nly be gd listeners but als ffer us gd a 10 .
In a wrd, rbts will be mre and mre intelligent (聪明) and affect ur lives in many ways.