2021学年Unit 4 History and traditions导学案

Discovering Useful Structures 

过去分词作定语和宾语补足语

观察并完成下列课文原句

1. They use the same flag,  known(know) as the Union Jack,  as well as share the same currency and military defence.

2. Most people just use the shortened(shorten) name:  “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”.

3. They had castles built(build) all around England,  and made changes to the legal system.

【归纳填空】

答案: 4. 句1, 句2　5. 句3

一、过去分词作定语

1. 过去分词作定语时的位置。

(1)一般情况下, 单个过去分词作前置定语, 即放在被修饰词之前。有时为了表示强调, 也可放在被修饰词之后。

*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs,  and I thought it must be easy to cook.

我喜欢吃番茄炒蛋, 我认为这道菜一定很容易做。

*(2020·全国Ⅲ卷) This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn ’t a lot of food served. 这一点是值得赞赏的, 因为在乔迁派对上不会提供很多食物。

(2)过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面, 作后置定语, 其作用相当于一个定语从句。

*(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles(which was made into clothes in different styles).

在新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办的不同寻常的时装展展示了用海狸鼠的皮毛做成的不同风格的服装。

*(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)An actor hired by the researchers (who was hired by the researchers)grabbed her food first.

一名由研究人员雇用的演员先吃了她的食物。

(3)如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时, 即使一个单一的分词作形容词用, 也要放在被修饰词的后面。

*Is there anything unsolved? 还有没解决的事情吗? 

*There is nothing changed here since I left this town.

自从我离开这个城镇以来, 没有什么变化。

2. 过去分词作定语的时态和语态意义。

(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成, 即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者, 且该动作已经完成。

*(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)On Thursday in an article published in Cell,  a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation. 在周四《细胞》杂志上出版的一篇文章中, 一组研究人员报道了一种新型的适应方式。

*(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The 80, 000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example,  formed the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.

汉斯·斯隆爵士收藏的8万件物品成了开放于1759年的大英博物馆的核心馆藏。

(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成, 不表示被动。

*On the other hand,  I hope to broaden my horizons in this developed country.

另一方面, 我希望在这个发达国家拓宽我的视野。

3. 过去分词(短语)作非限制性定语, 相当于非限制性的定语从句, 用来补充说明被修饰词的情况, 通常用逗号与主句隔开。

*I ’m writing to invite you to join us in seeing a film,  called My people,  My country. 我写信邀请你和我们一起看一部电影, 叫作《我和我的祖国》。

过去分词作定语

(1)单个过去分词前加一名词或副词, 常用连字符将它们连接起来构成一个复合形容词, 放在其修饰的名词前, 作前置定语。分词前加的名词表示分词的动作或行为主体, 所加的副词表示方式、时间、程度、性质等意义。

*(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)We will visit some of the best-preserved Roman monuments in the world.

我们将会参观一些世界上保护最好的罗马建筑。

*Having travelled for a week,  we arrived at the snow-covered mountain.

旅行了一周之后, 我们到达了那座大雪覆盖的山。

(2)有些过去分词表示特定含义时, 单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后, 如left(剩余的), given(所给的), concerned(有关的)等。

*There is little time left. Let ’s hurry up.

剩余的时间不多了, 我们赶快吧。

*We are interested in the problems concerned and want to find out more information.

我们对有关的问题很感兴趣, 想了解更多信息。

【巧学助记】 过去分词作定语速记口诀

过去分词作定语, 意义用法容易记。

及物动词用过分, 表示被动与完成;

不及物用过分时, 不表被动表完成;

单个过分名词前, 过分短语名词后,

若是修饰不定代, 只能放在代词后;

given,  left和concerned, 作定语时要后置。

　【知识延伸】

现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别。

(1)语态上不同: 现在分词表示主动意义, 过去分词多表示被动意义。

*The running water (=The water which runs)in the river is very clear. 河里的流水很清澈。

*Nine out of ten women interviewed (=who were interviewed)about the product said they liked it.

就这个产品被采访的十位妇女中有九位说她们喜欢它。

(2)时间关系上不同: 现在分词表示正在进行的动作, 而过去分词表示已经完成的动作。

*We are all living in a changing world(=a world which/that is changing).

我们都生活在正在发生变化的世界里。

*The changed world (=The world which had changed)surprised him.

已经变化了的世界令他吃惊。

1. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷 )The beautiful long branches covered (cover) with pink-colored buds make fantastic decorations.

2. Glad to learn that you ’re going to have a photo exhibition called(call) Moving Moments.

3. There will be a speech given(give) by Mo Yan,  a Nobel Prize winner.

4. I ’m writing to make some complaints about the computer bought(buy) in your store.

5. Anyone interested(interest) in model airplane and the knowledge of space is warmly welcomed.

二、过去分词作宾语补足语

1. 用于feel, find, hear, notice, see, smell, observe, watch, think等表示感觉或心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。

*(2020·全国II卷)They make great gifts and you see them many times decorated with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. 它们是很好的礼物, 你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和吉祥话。

*When he woke up,  he found himself surrounded by a group of children.

醒来的时候, 他发现自己被一群孩子围绕着。

2. 用于get, have, make, keep, leave等使役动词后作宾语补足语。

*(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait done so he called all great artists to come and present their finest work.

一天, 国王想找人给自己画个像, 因此, 他召来了所有伟大的艺术家, 展示他们最精美的作品。

*Jenny hopes that Mr Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English improved in a short period.

珍妮希望史密斯先生能提出一个在短时间内提高她的英语写作水平的好方法。

3. 用于with复合结构中作宾语补足语。

*With knowledge and skills gained in this university,  I will play a more active role in contributing to my country. 有了在这所大学里获得的知识和技能, 我将积极投入到为祖国的贡献中去。

*With most of his time wasted in playing basketball,  he failed in the exam.

由于大部分时间都浪费在打篮球上, 他考试没及格。

　【知识延伸】

除过去分词形式以外, with复合结构中动词还有以下两种宾语补足语形式:

*With a lot of work to do,  he wasn ’t allowed to go out. 因为还有很多工作要做,  他没有被允许外出。

*With prices going up so fast,  we can ’t afford luxuries. 由于物价上涨很快,  我们买不起高档商品。

4. 用于wish, want, would like, expect, order等表示“意欲”“命令”的动词后面作宾语补足语。

*I would like the problem settled at the meeting.

我想要在会议上把这个问题解决。

*We all wish this pandemic controlled all over the world as quickly as possible.

我们都希望在全世界范围内这场疫情能得到控制。

【知识延伸】

过去分词、现在分词与不定式作宾语补足语的区别

*With what he wanted to say said, he hung off before the other side gave any response. 说完了他想说的话, 未等到电话的另一端给出任何回应他就挂了电话。(此处强调话是被说的且话已说完)

*When I came here,  I saw Li Lei reading an English book. 当我来到这儿时, 我看到李蕾正在读一本英文书。(“读书”这一动作正在进行)

*With a lot of difficult problems to deal with, the newly-elected president was in a dilemma.

有很多棘手的问题要解决, 这位新当选的总统处于进退两难的境地。(不定式表示动作将要发生)

1. (2020· 天津高考)That ’s good,  because it ’s always the people with no time who get things done(do).

2. When he came to himself,  he found himself lying (lie) in hospital and surrounded(surround) by a lot of people.

3. The writer made efforts to have his newly written novel published(publish)sooner.

4. With the problem solved(solve),  I felt proud of my achievement.

5. He walked into the room quietly in order not to make himself noticed(notice).

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

1. She understood that everything told (tell)by her grandmother was true in the city.

2. What made me impressed(impress) is that they have had professional training.

3. The teacher doesn ’t expect such questions discussed(discuss) in class.

4. A Shaoxing Opera named(name) Butterfly Lovers will be on show in Tianjin Grand Theater.

5. (2019·北京高考)Earth Day,  marked (mark) on 22 April,  is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.

6. With all his energy concentrated(concentrate)on his painting,  he didn ’t notice it was raining heavily outside.

7. To solve students ’ mental problems,  we will hold a lecture delivered(deliver) by a professor from the UK.

8. Tomorrow the short-sighted students will go to hospital to have their eyes examined(examine).

9. I ’m writing to invite you to be the judge for the robot designing competition organized(organize) by us.

10. Tom found a place in the trees to keep himself hidden (hide) from the enemy.

Ⅱ. 完成句子

1. Next day,  people dressed in new clothes will go to visit friends,  wishing them good luck.  

第二天, 穿着新衣服的人们将去拜访朋友, 送去美好祝愿。

2. With everything well arranged,  he left the office.  

一切安排妥当后, 他离开了办公室。

3. Back from his two-year medical service in remote areas,  Dr Lee was very happy to see his parents taken good care of at home.  

在偏远地区做了两年的医疗服务, 回来后李医生很高兴地看到他的父母在家被照顾得很好。

4. With time and energy saved,  children can have time to pursue their interests.  

通过节省时间和精力, 孩子们可以有时间去追求自己的兴趣。

5. They send not only the things needed but also their love to those who need care most.  

他们不仅送去所需要的东西, 还为最需要关怀的人们送去了他们的关爱。

6. Do you want to get this book delivered to your house or would you prefer to come to the shop for it yourself?   

你是想把这本书送到家里, 还是自己到书店来拿?

7. Last Saturday,  some students took part in an activity organized by the school Student Union.  

上周六, 一些学生参加了学校学生会组织的一个活动。

8. I had to look for a place along the street to get my bicycle repaired.  

我不得不沿着街道找一个地方把我的自行车修好。

9. The library built three years ago belongs to our school.  

三年前建的这个图书馆属于我们学校。

10. Addicted to computer games,  he left much homework unfinished.  

他沉迷于电脑游戏, 很多作业没有做完。

用本单元语法完成下面短文。

　　Last week,  I served as a volunteer at a competition held by the Student Union(由学生会举办的) to have my communication skills improved(提高我的交流技能). The judges invited(被邀请的裁判)were from Grade three. All students interested(所有感兴趣的同学) were allowed to attend the competition. With all preparation work done(所有的准备工作完成),  the competition went on smoothly. At last,  the competition was very successful,  and we were all to see our efforts recognised (看到我们的努力被认可)by students and teachers.