2022高考英语一轮复习Unit4Earthquakes学案新人教版必修1

这是一份2022高考英语一轮复习Unit4Earthquakes学案新人教版必修1，共15页。
Unit 4 Earthquakes

(一)高频重点词汇分类记忆，用时少，功效高
Ⅰ.阅读词汇·读懂
默想下面单词的词性及含义，不会的在中做出标记并核对识记。
1.earthquake　　　 2.crack　　　 3.smelly
4.farmyard 5.pipe 6.event
7.dam 8.canal 9.steam
10.survivor 11.brick 12.track
13.shelter 14.outline 15.headline
16.useless
[自主核对区]
1. n．地震　2.n.裂缝；噼啪声　vt.& vi. (使)开裂；破裂　3．adj.发臭的；有臭味的　4.n. 农场；农家　5.n.管；导管　6.n.事件；大事　7.n.水坝；堰堤　8.n.运河；水道　9.n.蒸汽；水汽　10.n.幸存者；生还者；残存物　11.n.砖；砖块　12.n.轨道；足迹；痕迹　13. n．掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处　14.n.要点；大纲；轮廓　15.n. 报刊的大字标题　16.adj.无用的；无效的；无益的
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
1．burst vi. 爆裂；爆发
n. 突然破裂；爆发
2．million n. 百万
3．rescue n．& vt. 援救；营救
4．bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
5．destroy vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭
6．damage n．& vt. 损失；损害
7．ruin n. 废墟；毁灭
vt. 毁灭；使破产
8．trap vt. 使陷入困境
n. 陷阱；困境
9．electricity n. 电；电流；电学
10．disaster n. 灾难；灾祸
11．reporter n. 记者
12．title n. 标题；头衔；资格
[语境活用]——根据汉语意思填写单词
1．The water pipe burst(爆裂), flooding the whole kitchen.
2．(2020·新高考山东卷)Millions of lives have been destroyed(破坏；毁坏) by the slow drying up of the sea.
3．(2020·江苏卷)We were raised on books and computers, highways and cell phones, but now we were living in a village without running water or electricity(电)．
4．The earthquake did damage(损害) to the area where many houses fell down and many people were trapped(使陷入困境) in ruins.
5．You should never judge a book by its cover, but should you judge a story by its title(标题)?
6．With so many miners buried(掩埋) under the mine, none of the rescue workers would stop to have a rest.
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
1．nation n．民族；国家；国民→national adj.民族的；国家的；国民的→nationality n．国籍
2．shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动 n．休克；打击；震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.感到震惊的
3．injure vt.损害；伤害→injury n．损害；伤害→injured adj.受伤的
4．express vt.表示；表达 n．快车；速递→expression n．表达；表情
5．frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬→frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的
6．congratulate vt.祝贺→congratulation n．祝贺；(复数)贺词
7．sincerely adv.真诚地；真挚地→sincere adj.真诚的；真挚的
8．extreme adj.极度的→extremely adv.极度地
9．judge n．裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决→judgement n．看法，意见；判断力；审判，判决
10．dirt n．污垢；泥土→dirty adj.脏的，肮脏的
[语境活用]——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．(2020·新高考山东卷)The tests show that the social environment is extremely(extreme) influential when we're making decisions.
2．(2020·天津卷7月)After everyone concerned was seated, there was a ceremony of raising the national(nation) flag, which made us excited.
3．Judging from his expression on his face, he was very grateful to me. A few days later, he wrote to express his thanks to my timely help.(express)
4．Rescuers said the injured were taken to a hospital nearby, and fortunately the injuries were not serious, not life threatening.(injure)
5．After seeing the frightening film, the frightened boy was too frightened to walk home alone in the dark.(frighten)
6．(2020·新高考山东卷)Judges(judge) will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T­shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight.


(二)高频短语串记记牢用活，不枯燥，兴趣高
单元短语·再现
1．right_away 立刻；马上
2．think_little/nothing_of 认为……没什么了不起
3．at_an_end 结束；终结
4．in_ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
5．dig_out 掘出；发现
6．a_(great)_number_of 许多；大量的
7．be_proud_of_ 为……自豪
8．judge_from 从……判断
9．be_trapped_in 陷入；被困在
10．be_buried_in 埋头于；被埋在
[语境活用]——选用左栏短语填空
1．When the strange disease first appeared, many people thought_little_of it and didn't expect that it would spread so quickly.
2．Now the city lies in_ruins,_and there are no city services and hardly any people.
3．I'm sorry that I forgot to bring your medicine downstairs; I'll go upstairs and get it right_away．
4．The soldiers were working hard to dig_out the people who were_trapped_in/were_buried_in the fallen buildings.
5．There were a_(great)_number_of children playing on the playground when we arrived.
会积累(日积月累，联想发散)
1.“A→A→A”式不规则动词变化
①burst→burst→burst　 爆裂；爆发
②cost→cost→cost 花费
③put→put→put 放下
④hurt→hurt→hurt 伤害
⑤shut→shut→shut 关闭
⑥hit→hit→hit 打
⑦cut→cut→cut 砍，切
⑧set→set→set 放置
2.聚焦­ing/­ed结尾的形容词
①
②
③
④
3.“埋头于；专心于”的多种表达
①be buried in
②be occupied with
③be absorbed in　
④be engaged in
⑤be devoted to　
⑥concentrate/focus on
⑦apply oneself to
⑧put one's heart into
(三)重点句型仿写背熟巧用，造佳句，表达高
背佳句
明句型
巧仿写
In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.
在农家大院里， 鸡甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。
“too...to...”意为“太……而不能……”，表示否定意义
1.(2018·北京卷满分作文)正如谚语所说，“活到老，学到老。”
As the old saying goes，“It's never too_late_to_learn．”
It seemed as if the world was at an end！
仿佛到了世界末日！
“It seemed/seems (to sb.) that/as if...”意为“(对某人来说)似乎/好像……”
2.这套衣服看起来似乎是给他量身定做的。
It_seemed_as_if the suit was made to his own measure.
Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents.
成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。
“leave＋宾语＋宾补”意为“使……处于某状态”
3.到目前为止，地震造成约1 000人死亡，数千人受伤。
So far, the earthquake has killed about 1，000 people and has_left_thousands_injured.
All hope was not lost.
不是所有的希望都破灭了。
all...not＝not all...表示部分否定
4.并非所有的作者都赞同这种观点。
All_authors_have_not_accepted this view.



burst　vi.(burst，burst)爆裂；爆发　n．突然破裂；爆发
[先练会]——单句语法填空/补全句子
①I was teaching foreigners to learn Beijing Opera when a group of pupils burst_in．
②He burst into the room without knocking at the door, which made me very angry.
③Reading The Emperor's New Clothes, I let out a_burst_of_laughter(一阵大笑声) over his foolishness.
[再写美]——补全句子/词汇替换/句式升级
看到她的同学因为她愚蠢的错误哄堂大笑，她突然哭了起来。
④(普通表达)When she saw her classmates burst_into_laughter because of her foolish mistakes, she burst_into_tears.
⑤(高级表达)Seeing_her_classmates_burst_out_laughing because of her foolish mistakes, she burst_out_crying．(burst out，分词作状语)

(1)突然哭起来/笑起来
(2)burst in/into 闯入，突然破门而入
(3)burst with anger 勃然大怒
(4)a burst of 一阵

[佳句背诵] When the professor entered the lecture hall, there was a burst of applause.
当教授走进演讲大厅时，突然爆发出一阵掌声。
[名师点津]
(1)burst in中的in是副词，后面不接宾语；
(2)burst into中的into是介词，后面应接宾语。
ruin　n．[U]毁灭；毁坏；[常用复数]废墟　vt.(使)毁坏；成为废墟
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing three years ago but ruins(ruin)．
②(北京卷)When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins(ruin)．
[再写美]——一句多译
他犯了一个错误， 这让他失去了出国的机会。
③He made a mistake, which_ruined_the_chance of going abroad.(定语从句)
④He made a mistake, ruining_the_chance of going abroad.(分词作状语)


(1)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡
ruin one's health/fame 损害某人的健康/声誉

[佳句背诵] No matter how famous a brand is, it can be in ruins once it betrays the trust of consumers.
无论一个品牌多有名气，一旦辜负了消费者的信任它就有可能会毁了。
injure　vt.损害；伤害
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①The injured(injure) in the earthquake­stricken area were quickly flown out for medical treatment.
②The library is functioning as a temporary hospital to cope with people injured(injure) in the earthquake.
③The two officers were extremely lucky to escape serious injury(injure)．
[再写美]——微写作
④我的左脚受了重伤，不能按计划和你一起去了。
With_my_left_foot_seriously_injured,_I can't go with you as planned.


(1)injured adj. 受伤的
get injured 受伤
the injured 伤员
(2)injury n． 伤；伤口；伤害
do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb. 伤害某人
[佳句背诵] I was wearing a seatbelt at that time. If I hadn't been wearing one, I would have been injured.　我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。
bury　vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①(天津卷)Though buried(bury) in books these days, I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself.
②He sank into a chair, burying (bury) his face in his hands.
[再写美]——补全句子/句式升级
他埋头看书，不知道外面在下雨。
③(普通表达)Because he buried_himself_in/was_buried_in his books, he didn't know it was raining outside.
④(高级表达)Burying_himself_in_his_books,_he was not aware it was raining outside. (现在分词短语作状语)
⑤(高级表达)Buried_in_his_books,_he was not aware it was raining outside. (过去分词短语作状语)


(1) 埋头于；专心于
(2)bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面

[佳句背诵] (1)She sat on the ground, buried in thought.　她坐在地上，陷入沉思。
(2)Hearing the news that his only son was killed in the war, the old man buried his face in his hands, trying to control his feelings.
听到自己唯一的儿子在战争中牺牲的消息后，这位老人双手掩面，试图控制自己的情绪。
judge　vt.断定；判断；判决　n．裁判员；法官
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①(2018·江苏卷)The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged(judge)．
②Judging(judge) from the above story, we can draw the conclusion that we don't judge a man by/from his looks.
③I can't make that decision for you; you will have to use your judgement(judge)．
[再写美]——微写作
④我写信邀请你担任6月15日在我们学校举办的英语演讲比赛的裁判。
I'm writing to invite_you_to_be_a_judge_at our English Speech Contest to be held in our school on June 15.　


(1)judge...from/by...　　 从……来判断……
as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为
(2)judging by/from... 从……来看
(3)judgement n. 看法；判断力；判决

[佳句背诵] As far as I can judge, he will refuse to make a judgement about the present situation.
据我判断，他会拒绝评价目前的形势。
[名师点津] judging from/by意为“从……来看”，用在句首时为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。
at an end　结束；终结
[先练会]——单句语法填空/补全句子
①The court has passed sentence, and the matter comes to an end now.
②At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing(apologize)．
③(2020·天津卷7月满分作文)At_the_end_of_the_ceremony(在仪式结束时), a video about fighting against COVID­19 was released for us to watch, which moved us deeply.
[再写美]——词汇升级
④(普通表达)The speech contest finished. Thankfully, I ended up winning the first prize and my hard work paid off finally.
(高级表达)The speech contest was_at_an_end. Thankfully, I ended up winning the first prize and my hard work paid off in_the_end．


(1)at the end of...　　 在……尽头，在……末端
by the end of... 到……时候为止(常与完成时态连用)
in the end 最后；终于
(2)come to an end 结束
put an end to... 结束；终结
make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵
(3)end up with 以……结束
end up doing sth. 以做某事结束

[佳句背诵] When the journey was at an end，everybody felt tired and hungry.
当旅程结束时，大家觉得又累又饿。
a (great) number of　许多；大量的
[先练会]——选词填空/单句语法填空
①(2020·天津卷7月)The_number_of (the number of/a number of) medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and has remained around that level ever since.
②As China develops fast and steadily, a number of foreigners are_learning(learn) Chinese as a second language.
③A great deal of money was_donated(donate) to a university by an ordinary worker, which aroused public attention.
④With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are(be) being washed away.
[再写美]——微写作
⑤来自全国各地的大批士兵、医生和护士被派往湖北的不同地区帮助解决困难。
A_great_number_of_soldiers,_doctors_and_nurses_from_all_over_the_country_were_sent_to different parts of Hubei Province to help out.





[佳句背诵] In addition，there are a great number of famous artists whose masterpieces will be on exhibition．
此外，许多著名艺术家的杰作将被展览。
(全国卷Ⅱ)

“too...to...”意为“太……而不能……”，表示否定意义
(教材P26) In the farmyards the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.
在农家大院里，鸡甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①(2019·浙江卷6月) We all know that exercise is good for us
but sometimes it seems too hard to_leave(leave) the sofa.
②He was too eager to know the result of his examination.
③You can't be too careful when you do your homework.
[再写美]——微写作
④(2019·浙江卷6月满分作文)没有你的及时帮助，我不可能取得这样的进步。我无法用语言来表达我对你的感激之情。
Without your timely help I couldn't have made such progress. No words are strong_enough_to_convey_how_grateful_I_am to you.


(1)too＋adj./adv.(for sb.) ＋to do sth.表示否定的意义，意为“太……而不能做某事”；
(2)当too...to...用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词如anxious、 eager、 glad、 happy、 pleased、 ready、 willing等时，不定式表示肯定意义；
(3)“can't/can never...too...”意为“再怎么……也不过分”；
(4)enough...to...意为“足够……而能……”，其否定形式可与too...to...互换。

[佳句背诵] David was too nervous to give the correct answer to the question in class making him very upset.　大卫在课堂上太紧张而不能给出这个问题的正确答案，这使他非常伤心。

“It seemed/seems (to sb.) that/as if...”意为“(对某人来说)似乎/好像……”
(教材P26)It seemed as if the world was at an end！
仿佛到了世界末日！
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were(be) their own mother.
②When he saw his mother at the street corner
the boy cried sadly as if he had_been_scolded(scold) by someone else.
③He opened his mouth as if to_say(say) something.
④The tennis player is lying on the floor as if hurt(hurt) badly.
[再写美]——微写作
⑤我依然记得第一次去泰山旅游的事情，就像是在昨天一样。
I still remember my first trip to the Mount Tai as_if_it_were_yesterday．

(1)如果从句所陈述的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的，从句谓语用陈述语气；
(2)如果从句所陈述的情况是不真实的或极少可能发生的，从句谓语用虚拟语气。①与现在事实相反，从句谓语用一般过去时：did/were；②与过去事实相反，从句谓语用过去完成时：had done；③与将来事实相反，从句谓语用：would/could...＋do；
(3)如果as if/though引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词，可省略从句的主语和be动词。
[佳句背诵] Look at the dark clouds in the sky! It seems as if it is going to rain.Let's hurry up.
看看天上的乌云！看起来要下雨了，咱们快一点儿。


all...not＝not all...表示部分否定
(教材P26)All hope was not lost.
不是所有的希望都破灭了。
[先练会]——单句语法填空/补全句子
①Nothing in the world is difficult if one sets his mind to it.
②He told me all pieces of the news but none_of_them_was_exciting(没有一个是有趣的)．
③It's impossible for all the applicants to get the job because not_all_of_them_are_fit_for_it(并非所有的人都适合这项工作)．
[再写美]——一句多译
最近的一项调查显示，并非我们学校的所有学生都在业余时间进行体育锻炼。
④A recent survey shows that not_all_the_students_in_our_school_take_physical_exercise in their spare time.
⑤A recent survey shows that all_the_students_in_our_school_don't_take_physical_exercise in their spare time.


all...not...＝not all...，意为 “并非所有的……都……”，表示部分否定。
(1)英语中的all、 both、 every、 everybody、 everything、 completely、 always、 whole、 entirely 等与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非……都……”的意思；
(2)英语中的no、 none、 never、 nobody、 nothing、 neither、 no one、 nowhere等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成全部否定。
[佳句背诵] Our English teacher is excellent but she can't help everyone in the class in 45 minutes.
我们的英语老师非常棒，但是她不可能在45分钟内帮助班里的每一位同学。

提能训练一　阅读理解障碍词
Ⅰ.语境辨义——根据语境写出加黑词的词性及含义
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid­1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area. v．跟踪
2．(2019·江苏卷)These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack, leaving behind a vast hole, the caldera. n．裂缝
3．(北京卷)She couldn't understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter or enough food. n．避身处
Ⅱ.熟词生义——根据语境写出加黑词的词性及含义
1．(全国卷Ⅱ)We were respectful of craft (技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. 深入研究
2．(全国卷Ⅰ)Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack (吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be careful not to go to extremes. n.极端
Ⅲ.一词多义——根据语境选出shock的词性及含义
A．n.令人震惊的事 B．n.休克
C．vt.使触电 D．vt.使震惊
1．Anyone touching that wire could get badly shocked. C
2．It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children. D
3．Several of those who survived the accident have been taken to hospital in a state of shock. B
4．It was such a shock when they announced the winner was Cart. A
提能训练二　微语法填空
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心词汇和重点句式， 请按照要求填好短文， 并背诵体会黑体部分的用法。
One night, a big earthquake hit our city. With the pipes 1.bursting(burst) and the electricity cut off, nearly everything was destroyed and a great number of buildings lay 2.in ruins. Some citizens were badly injured, while others 3.were_buried(bury) in the ruins. It seemed as if the whole world was at 4.an end.
The next day, this event was the headline of all newspapers. The whole nation 5.was_shocked(shock) by the damage. People were moved when they read that the 6.survivors(survive)comforted each other by saying “7.Congratulations(congratulate) on your surviving！” So they not only expressed their sympathy 8.sincerely(sincere), but also organized some activities 9.to_help(help) the victims. Unluckily, not all the injured 10.were_rescued(rescue) in time and the dead had to be buried at once. Finally, with the help of the whole nation, our city returned to normal.
提能训练三　用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
某地发生地震后，许多互联网科技企业、各大旅游网站和汽车公司等纷纷在第一时间加入抢险救灾的行列中。请你以灾区学生李华的名义给这些企业写一封感谢信，表达你的感激之情。
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①我写信感谢你们及时的援助，因为没有你们的援助我的生活就不会恢复正常。
I'm writing to express_my_thanks_for_your_timely_rescue,_because without it my life couldn't have returned to normal.
②几天前，一场极其可怕的地震袭击了我的家乡，使得许多房屋成为废墟并彻底毁坏了我的家。(定语从句)
A few days ago, an_extremely_frightening_earthquake_struck_my_hometown,_which_left_a_great_number_of_houses_in_ruins_and_completely_destroyed_my_house．
③我震惊地发现一切都被埋在了倒塌的房屋下面，于是我大哭起来。
I was_shocked_to_find_everything_buried under the fallen houses, so_I_burst_into_tears/burst_out_crying．
④似乎到了世界末日。
It_seemed_as_if_the_world_was_at_an_end.
⑤尽管你们是陌生人，但是你们竭尽全力帮助我让我有避难处可住，有足够的食物和水赖以存活。
Strangers as you are, you_have_done_everything_in_your_power_to_help_me_have_a_shelter_to_live_in and enough food and water to survive on.
⑥我再怎么感激你们也不为过。
I_can't_express_my_gratitude_too_much.
2．升级平淡句
⑦用“介词＋which”引导非限制性定语从句升级句①
I'm_writing_to_express_my_thanks_for_your_timely_rescue,_without_which_my_life_couldn't_have_returned_to_normal.
⑧用分词短语作状语升级句③
Shocked_to_find_everything_buried_under_the_fallen_houses,_I_burst_into_tears/burst_out_crying.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：as far as I can judge, thankfully, therefore)
One possible version：
Dear Sir/Madam，
I'm writing to express my thanks for your timely rescue, without which my life couldn't have returned to normal.
A few days ago, an extremely frightening earthquake struck my hometown, which left a great number of houses in ruins and completely destroyed my house. Shocked to find everything buried under the fallen houses, I burst into tears/burst out crying. As far as I can judge, it seemed as if the world was at an end. Thankfully, strangers as you are, you have done everything in your power to help me have a shelter to live in and enough food and water to survive on. Therefore, I can't express my gratitude too much.
Yours，
Li Hua