主题14 中考英语重难题型热点主题时文押题组合练

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中考英语重难题型热点主题时文押题组合练14 001   A阅读理解     小米全球首发隔空充电技术 002   B阅读理解     法国禁止使用塑料包装水果和蔬菜 003   C阅读理解     科学家教会金鱼“在陆地上开车”  004   D任务型阅读   荷兰人设计出“漂浮的”社区  005   E完形填空     意大利摄影师发现“人形”小镇 006   F短文填空     中国人口出生率创六十年来最低纪录                A阅读理解主题：小米全球首发隔空充电技术Many young people love to use Xiaomi's smartphones in China. How do they charge their smartphones? Now Xiaomi has just come up with a new solution, called “Mi Air Charge".Before we dive right into air charging, let's examine wireless charging first. It means that you no longer need to plug in a cable （电缆） to charge your smartphone. In fact， you can place it on a special mat, and you're good to go.According to Xiaomi, the Mi Air Charge technology makes you be able to charge your smartphones remotely （远程地） without any cables. For example， you＇re walking into work， and your phone starts charging automatically（自 动地）.The new technology lies in space positioning（定位） and energy transmission （传输）. Let＇s take it this way. Xiaomi has a self-developed charging pile （充电桩）. It can properly discover where your smartphone is. If your smart-phone comes in contact with the said charging pile, it will transmit millimeter wide waves to the phone. Is there anything on the smartphone side? According to Xiaomi, it has developed special “receiving antennas （天线）”in the phone, which change the millimeter-wave signal coming from the charging pile into electric energy through the rectifier circuit（整流电路），“This technology has 17 technical patents（专利），”the company＇s CEO Lei Jun said proudly.Now that Air Charge technology is already out, Xiaomi has some great plans. In the future, this new technology will be used in smartwatches, speakers, desk lamps and other home products. Cool, isn't it? Let's wait and see!1 What is Xiaomi's “Mi Air Charge”?A. It's a new smartphone.B. It's a self-developed charging pile.C. It's a charging solution.D. It's a special signal.2 When you use wireless charging to charge your phone, you need to__________.A. turn on your Wi-Fi box firstB. put your phone on a special matC. plug a cable into your phoneD. hold your phone in the air3 The underlined word “contact" in the passage probably means“         ”in Chinese.A.联系B.障碍C.储存D.传播4 The fourth paragraph is mainly about_________.A. what the new technology lies inB. how many patents the technology hasC. how the air charging worksD. what the company's CEO is proud of_________.5 What is the writer's purpose in writing this passage?A. To offer tips on how to charge smart-phones.B. To advise people to buy Xiaomi's products.C. To introduce Xiaomi's new charging technology.D. To give facts about modern technologies.  B阅读理解主题：法国禁止使用塑料包装水果和蔬菜 Around 30 items, including apples, bananas, oranges, large tomatoes, eggplants, pears, onions, lemons, and more, are listed as being immediately affected by the change. Other harder-to-package items, such as cherry tomatoes and soft berries, can still be sold in plastic packaging for now. Packages larger than 1.5 kilograms are exempt. They will still be allowed for packs.Plastic packaging will be banned by the end of June 2023 for cherry tomatoes, green beans and peaches, and by the end of 2024 for endives （菊苣），asparagus （芦笋），mushrooms, some salads and herbs as well as cherries. By the end of June in 2026, strawberries and other delicate berries must be sold without plastic packaging.The government will also require public areas to have drinking fountains（喷泉式饮水器）to reduce the use of plastic bottles. Also, plastic packaging will no longer be used around publications such as magazines, and restaurants will not be allowed to give free plastic toys to children with their meals.It's believed that 37% of fruit and vegetables in France were sold in plastic packaging in 2021.The government says the new law could stop over 1 billion pieces of single-use plastic from being thrown away every year.Not everyone is happy with the change.* Some people do not want their fruit to be touched by other customers. However, plastic packaging does not guarantee cleanliness; produce has been handled by numerous hands throughout the supply chain, including those that picked and packed it. Fruit and vegetables should always be thoroughly washed and/or peeled before eating or cooking. The ban is a positive step for a country to undertake, and the one that we wholeheartedly support1 In May 2023,what can be sold in plastic packaging in France?A. Apples, bananas and oranges.B. Large tomatoes, eggplants and pears.C. Onions, mushrooms and some salads.D. Peaches and strawberries.2 The underlined word “exempt” in the passage can be replaced by“         “.A. not affectedB. going to be discussed how to package themC. needed to be packaged in materials that can be recycledD. not allowed to be sold in supermarkets3 Which of the following is TRUE about the law?A. It asks customers not to eat fruit and vegetables in the shops.B. It requires public areas to provide bottled water.C. It stops magazines from using plastic packaging.D. It wants to improve the safety of fruit and vegetables.4 What is the writer's attitude to the ban?A. He is not happy with the change.B. He doesn't care about how vegetables are packaged.C. He worries that the food without plastic packaging can be dirty.D. He has a supportive attitude toward the ban.5 What is the best title for the passage?A. France sells 37% of fruit and vegetables in plastic packagingB. France bans plastic packaging for fruit and vegetablesC. France stops restaurants from giving free plastic toys to childrenD. France will grow fresher fruit and vegetables C阅读理解主题：科学家教会金鱼“在陆地上开车”Scientists in Israel have taught goldfish an unusual way to reach a target. The experiment was designed to test whether goldfish could find their way in conditions that are very different from their natural living conditions.The experiment was led by researchers at the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Israel. They wanted to see if goldfish's ability to navigate depends on their natural environment, or if they could navigate even under very unusual conditions. They learned that goldfish can find their way, even on dry land.To test the goldfish, the researchers created a special robotic car, which the scientists called a “Fish Operated Vehicle （FOV）”.The car has a lidar（激光雷达），a camera and a computer. A goldfish was placed inside a water tank on the FOV. Using a special system, the car tracked where the goldfish was and what direction it was swimming. The FOV would then automatically move in the same direction.The scientists worked with six different goldfish. They tested them by placing the car in a small room with a pink target on one side. The goldfish were rewarded with a food pellet（团粒）when the car touched the target.At first, it took the goldfish about half an hour to drive lo the target .But by the end of the experiment, they were able to complete the same challenge in less than a minute.Not only did the goldfish show that they could drive lo the target, they weren't fooled by fake targets of other colors,* They were also able to get themselves free when the car, which could drive forward, backward, and from side lo side, was stuck next to a wall.Though the experiment showed that the goldfish were able to navigate to a target, it's not likely that the goldfish knew they were controlling a car. They may not have even realized they were moving on land. The researchers say that in the future it may be possible to change the FOV to lest these ideas1 How did the scientists track the goldfish to reach the target?A. By putting them under their natural living conditions.B. By letting them “drive” a small robotic car.C. By choosing the cleverest one from six different goldfish.D. By letting the goldfish know how they were controlling a car.2 The underlined word “navigate” in the passage means“         “.A. find their wayB. drive a carC. make a choiceD. think carefully3 Which picture can best show how the robotic car can move?         A                         B                  C                        D     D任务型阅读主题：荷兰人设计出“漂浮的”社区 Have you ever wanted to live on the water? Perhaps wake up on a weekend morning and jump out of the window for a swim?While there are already houseboats, a new floating neighborhood in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, is proving that it is possible to fulfill this dream!Schoonschip， a Dutch word for a “clean ship” is a prototype （原型） of a floating neighborhood. This community of 46 families, 150 residents, and 40 kids is the brainchild of Marjan De Blok, a Dutch reality TV director.3.One-third of the land in the Netherlands lies below sea level, so there is flooding often. De Blok imagined a new way to live, which not only addresses the need for more housing in cities but also allows homes to withstand （抵御）rising sea levels.The homes are designed to have a very small environmental footprint. They are powered by solar panels, and the houses are connected, so that surplus energy from one home can be used by another. The excess energy is also stored in batteries.There are rooftop gardens for growing food, and heat pumps to keep the houses warm. Rainwater is stored and used for flushing toilets. 4. In the future, wastewater from showers and toilets will be turned back into energy.The houses themselves are comfortable, which include soft lighting and modern touches. Additionally, when adding heavy furniture such as pianos to a floating home, it must be balanced with bricks on the other side of the house.The residents, most of whom are De Blok's friends, share bikes, cars, and others.Schoonschip has been attracting attention for its creative design. For the nearly 800 million people living along the coast and at risk from rising sea levels by 2050, this may be their hope for the future.阅读短文，按要求完成下面各小题。A.根据短文内容，简要回答问题。1 What is De Blok's purpose of designing the floating homes?____________________________________________________________________________________________2 What does the writer think of the homes in the floating neighborhood?____________________________________________________________________________________________B.将短文中画线的句子译成汉语。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________C.请给短文拟一个适当的英文标题。____________________________________________________________________________________________ E完形填空主题：意大利摄影师发现“人形”小镇Centuripe is a small Italian town located in the mountains of Sicily. It is known for the amazing views it offers across to Mount Etna. However, few know that, from the air, the town itself is quite the sight.Pio Andrea Peri, a 32-year-old local photographer,  1  used his drone to capture the unique shape of Centuripe from high up in the sky. Pio first  2  the unusual shape of his town while looking at it on Google Earth， which is called a geographic browser（浏览器）.Pio decided to take his drone and check it out for  3  .He was so surprised by what he saw on his monitor  4  he took a few photos and shared them on social media. They went viral almost at once. From the right angle, Centuripe  5  the shape of a person with his arms and legs stretched（伸展）out.“The whole world was unable to believe the  6  shape of this town. Many people did not believe it was true. And they thought that I had drawn the photo on the PC,”the young Italian photographer said. “But when they realized the  7  by searching on Google Earth, many of them personally said sorry for what they had said to me.”After Pio's photographs of Centuripe started receiving international attention, the town's mayor  8  the young artist to stage an exhibition and showcase his work.“It was a hard shot to create, and I had to use many shots because of the height limit of the drone,” Pio said about his most popular photo. “And it took me two hours to edit. I'm very  9  with the result.”Built on a mountain, about 2,400 feet above sea level, Centuripe offers beautiful  10  of the countryside of Enna Province, as well as of the famous Mount Etna, about 40 miles away1A.actuallyB. recentlyC. usuallyD. never2A.discoveredB. examinedC. imaginedD. described3A.myselfB. herselfC. itselfD. himself4A.whichB. whoC. thatD. whose5A.takes upB. puts awayC. cares aboutD. looks like6A.commonB. strangeC. ancientD. creative7A.truthB. secretC. surveyD. value8A.orderedB. invitedC. requiredD. reminded9A.regretfulB. sadC. sorryD. happy10A.seasonB. viewsC. seasideD. capital F短文填空主题：中国人口出生率创六十年来最低纪录China's birth rate has fallen to its lowest level in six decades.According to the national bureau of statistics （统计局），10.62 million children were born in China in 2021,a rate of 7.52 per thousand people. During  1 same time period, 10.14 million people died, with a death rate of 7.18 per thousand, resulting in a population growth rate of only 0.34 per thousand people. The pace of growth is at the  2  (low) level since 1960.Yang Jinrui, from the National Health Commission, said China's low birthrate in recent years has been driven 3  a falling number of women of childbearing age, especially those in their reproductive prime（生育高峰期）.Women of childbearing age, he said, were willing to have 1.64 babies on average in 2020, compared with 1.73 in 2019 and 1.76 in 2017.“The high costs of childbearing and  4  (educate) have also created anxiety among young people,” he said.Huang Yan, a white-collar worker in Shanghai, got  5  (marry) last year at the age of 29. She said she won't have babies  6  at least three years later.“My family just spent a large amount of money on the down payment （首期付款） for my apartment in Shanghai， and now we  7  （work） hard to pay off the mortgage （按揭贷款），”she said． “I want to be financially（在财务上）sound before having a baby.”An expert stated that the challenge is well-known but the rate of population ageing is  8  (certain) faster than expected.*“This  9  (suggest) that China's overall population may have peaked in 2021,”he said.To try and increase birth rates, the Chinese government ended the “one child” rule in 2016,and announced in 2021 that couples would  10  (allow) to have up to three children.根据短文内容，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，使短文完整、通顺。1.____________  2. ____________  3. ____________  4. ____________  5. ____________  6.____________  7. ____________  8. ____________  9. ____________  10. ____________   答案解析A阅读理解小米发布了自主研发的“隔空充电”技术，手机只要在一定范围内，无须放在充电板上，即可通过“隔空充电桩”进行无线充电，开启了手机充电新时代！1．C 细节理解题。根据第一段的How do they charge their smartphones?..a new solution, called “Mi Air Charge”.可知，“小米隔空充电”技术是一个新的手机充电解决方案。2．B 细节理解题。根据第二段的 In fact，you can place it on a special mat可知，给手机进行无线充电意味着需要把手机放在特殊的垫子上，不需要在智能手机上插线。3．A 词义猜测题。根据下文 it will transmit millimeter wide waves to the phone 可知，智能手机与充电桩“连接”后，它才能向手机发送毫米波。4．C 主旨大意题。本段主要介绍了“隔空充电”技术中的充电桩向手机发射毫米波，手机通过整流电路把毫米波变成电流，这是介绍“隔空充电”技术是如何工作的。5．C 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文的写作目的是介绍小米自主研发的“隔空充电”技术，并非推荐买小米产品和如何给智能手机充电。★难句分析According to Xiaomi, it has developed special “receiving antennas” in the phone,which change the millimeter-wave signal coming from the charging pile into electric energy through the rectifier circuit.据小米 称，该公司在手机中开发了特殊的“接收天线”，该天线通过整流电路将充电桩发出的毫米波信号转换为电能。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词receiving antennas，先行词是复数形式，因此从句中的谓语动词用change。 B阅读理解法国新法律规定从2022年1月1日起，大多数新鲜水果和蔬菜都不能再用塑料包装销售。2021年，法国有37％的水果和蔬菜是用塑料包装销售的。政府表示，新的法律可以防止每年超过10亿件一次性塑料被丢弃，但是并非所有人都对这一改革感到满意。1．D 细节理解题。根据第三段的Plastic packaging will be banned by the end of June 2023 for cherry tomatoes，green beans and peaches 和 By the end of June in 2026,strawberries and other delicate berries must be sold without plastic．可知，到2023年6月 底，桃子将被禁止用塑料包装出售；2026年6月底，草莓必须在没有塑料包装的情况下出售。由此可知，在2023年5月这两种水果仍可用塑料包装出售。2．A 词义猜测题。根据下文 They will still be all owed for packs，可知，超过1.5千克的果蔬包仍然允许用塑料包装打包，因此它们是“不受影响的”。3．C 细节理解题。根据第四段的plastic packaging will no longer be used around publications such as magazines可知，政府将禁止在杂志等出版物上使用塑料包装。4．D 推理判断题。根据短文最后一段的The ban is a positive step for a country to undertake, and the one that we wholeheartedly support.可知，这一禁 令是一个国家采取的积极手段，也是我们全心全意支持的举措，这是作者的态度。5．B 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了法国的一项新法律：禁止水果和蔬菜用塑料包装销售。★难句分析Not everyone is happy with the change.并非所 有人都对这一变化感到满意。not everyone是部分否定，意为“并非所有人”。C阅读理解以色列科学家教会金鱼用一种不同寻常的方式到达目标。研究人员研发了一种特殊的机器人车，这种车可以追踪金鱼的位置和游动方向，自动向同一方向移动。该实验旨在测试金鱼是否能在与它们的自然生活环境截然不同的环境中仍然具有导航能力。1．B 细节理解题。根据短文第三段可知，研究人员研发了一种特殊的机器人车，并将金鱼放进车上的水箱里，这种车可以追踪金鱼的位置和游动方向。2．A 词义猜测题。根据下文 They learned that goldfish can find their way，even on dry land.可知， 他们发现金鱼即使在陆地上也能找到路。故该句表示：他们想知道金鱼是否能在非常不寻常的环境下导航，即找到路。3．D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的the car，which could drive forward, backward, and from side to side 可知，这辆车可以向前、向后、向左、向右行驶。★难句分析Not only did the goldfish show that they could drive to the target, they weren't fooled by fake targets of other colors.金鱼不仅展示出它们可以驶向目标，而且它们还不会被其他颜色的假目标所欺骗。Not only did the goldfish show是倒装句。not only放在句首时，要借助助动词部分倒装。D任务型阅读荷兰真人秀电视导演玛扬·德·布洛克在荷兰阿姆斯特丹设计了一个漂浮社区。荷兰三分之一的土地低于海平面，经常发生洪涝。新颖、舒适且绿色环保的漂浮社区不仅有望解决人们对更多住房的需求，也让住宅能够抵御海平面上升的风险。1. To address the need for more housing in cities and allow homes to withstand rising sea levels. 根 据第四段的 De Blok imagined a new way to live，which not only addresses the need for more housing in cities but also allows homes to withstand rising sea levels.可知，德·布洛克设计了漂浮住宅，目的是解决城市对更多住房的需求，也让住宅能够抵御海平面上升的风险。2．They are green， comfortable and creative． 根据 文章第五、第六段可知，这些住宅被设计成具有非常小的生态环境足迹，如由太阳能电池板供电，这是绿色环保的住宅；结合第七段的The houses themselves are comfortable以及最后一段 的 Schoonschip has been attracting attention for its creative design.可知，该住宅也很舒适且设计新颖。3．荷兰三分之一的土地位于海平面以下，因此经常发生洪灾。one-third是分数，意思是“三分之一”；often 也可以放在句尾。4．未来，淋浴和厕所的废水将被重新转化为能源。will be turned是一般将来时的被动语态。5．A Floating Neighborhood in the Netherlands 通读 全文可知，本文主要介绍了荷兰的漂浮社区，包括设计者、社区的人口规模和绿色环保的特点等。★难句分析While there are already houseboats, a new floating neighborhood in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, is proving that it is possible to fulfill this dream！虽然已经有了船屋，但是位于荷兰阿姆斯特丹一个新的漂浮社区证明实现这个梦想是可能的！注意本句中的while意思是“虽然”，相当于although，引导让步状语从句。E完形填空琴图里佩是坐落在西西里岛群山上的一个意大利小镇。32岁的当地摄影师皮奥·安德烈亚·佩里最近用无人机从高空拍摄了一组琴图里佩的照片，将照片拼合后发现这个小镇像一个人的形状。皮奥拍摄的照片开始受到国际关注，该镇镇长也邀请他举办展览，展示他的作品。1．B 句意：····最近用他的无人机从高空拍摄了·．．．·recently“近来；最近”，符合语境。2．A 根据下文 Pio decided to take his drone and check it out 可知，此处表示皮奥是在谷歌地球上第一次发现了这个小镇不同寻常的形状。3．D 句意：皮奥决定带上他的无人机亲自去核实。本句的主语是 Pio，for himself 意思是“亲自”。4．C 本句含有so．．that．．．句型，句意：他对自己在显示器上看到的画面感到非常惊讶，以至于拍了几张照片。5．D 根据下文 the shape of a person可知，此处表示琴图里佩看起来像一个人的形状。6．B 根据上文 the shape of a person with his arms and legs stretched out 和下文 Many people did not believe it was true.可知，琴图里佩的形状像是一个伸展着胳膊和腿的人形，许多人都不相信这是真的，因此小镇的形状是很奇特的。7．A 根据下文 by searching on Google Earth可知，他们通过在谷歌地球上搜索，意识到了真相。8．B 根据常识并结合选项可知，此处表示该镇镇长邀请这位年轻的艺术家举办展览，展示他的作品。9．D 根据上文的 Pio＇s photographs of Centuripe started receiving international attention 和 his most popular photo可知，皮奥拍摄的有关琴图里佩的照片开始受到全世界的关注以及他的照片很受欢迎，因此他对结果是满意的。10．B 根据本段开头的Built on a mountain可知，琴图里佩坐落在海拔2400英尺的山上，因此在这里可以看到埃特纳省的乡村美景。第一段中的It is known for the amazing views 也是提示。★难句分析And they thought that I had drawn the photo on the PC.他们认为这张照片是我在电脑上画的。that引导宾语从句，had drawn是过去完成时，表示“画”这一动作发生在“认为”这一动作之前。F短文填空根据国家统计局统计，2021年中国的人口出生率已降至60年来的最低水平，这主要是由处于生育高峰期的妇女数量下降所导致的，生育和教育的高成本也在年轻人中造成了焦虑。为了提高出生率，中国政府于2021年宣布，一对夫妇最多可以生育三个孩子。1．the 形容词same前常用定冠词the。2．lowest 根据语境及前面的定冠词the可知，用形容词low的最高级 lowest。3．by 空格前 has been driven 是被动语态，后面用介词by引出动作执行者。4.education介词of后应接名词作宾语，故填education。5．married get married 意为“结婚”。6．until 根据句意“她说她至少三年后才会生孩子”可知，until“直到”符合语境。7．are working 由now可知用现在进行时，主语为we 故填 are working。8．certainly faster是形容词，要用副词修饰，故填certainly。9．suggests 此处表示一般性事实，故用一般现在时。10．be allowed 根据语境可知，此处应用被动语态，表示“被允许”，情态动词would后用原形be。★难句分析An expert stated that the challenge is well-known but the rate of population ageing is certainly faster than expected.一位专家指出，挑战是众所周知的，但人口老龄化的速度肯定比预期的要快。主句中的谓语动词stated是一般过去时，that引导的宾语从句表示客观事实，故从句中谓语动词用is，不用was。