05-冲刺2022年中考英语首字母填空临考押题(上海专用)

这是一份05-冲刺2022年中考英语首字母填空临考押题(上海专用)，共11页。试卷主要包含了6 pints，aged 2， Yu are late等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Grwing up in a greener urban(城镇的) envirnment imprves children’s intelligence and reduces levels f difficult behaviur, a study has fund.
The analysis f mre than 600 children a_____1_____ 10 t 15 shwed that a 3% increase in the greenness f their neighbrhd raised their IQ scre by an average f 2.6 pints.The effect was seen in bth richer and prer areas.
There is already imprtant evidence fr green spaces’ effects n imprving varius aspects f children’s cgnitive(认知) develpment, but this is the first research examining IQ. The cause is uncertain but m_____2_____ be linked t lwer stress levels, mre play and scial cntact r a quieter envirnment.
“Evidence has built up ver time as green envirnment is c_____3_____ with imprved cgnitive functining, such as memry skills and attentin,” said Tim Nawrt, a prfessr f envirnmental epidemilgy at Hasselt University in Belgium, where the study was cnducted.
The study, published in the jurnal Pls Medicine, used satellite images t m_____4_____the level f greenness in neighbrhds, including parks, gardens, street trees and all ther vegetatin.
The average IQ scre was 105 but the scientists fund 4% f children in areas with lw levels f greenery(绿化) scred belw 80, w_____5_____ n children scred belw 80 in areas with mre greenery.
The benefits f mre greenery recrded in urban areas were nt f_____6_____ in suburban(城郊的) r rural areas. Nawrt believed this culd be because thse places had enugh greenness fr all children living there t benefit.
Behaviral difficulties such as pr attentin and aggressiveness were als measured in the children using a standard rating scale(标准评分量表), and the average scre was 46. In this case, a 3% rise in greenery c_____7_____ a tw-pint reductin in behaviral prblems, in line with previus(先前的) studies.
答案：
1.aged 2.may 3.cnnected 4.measure 5.while 6.fund 7.caused
译文：
一项研究发现，在更环保的城市环境中长大可以提高孩子的智力，降低困难行为的水平。
对600多名10至15岁儿童的分析显示，他们社区的绿色度增加3%，他们的智商平均提高了2.6分。这种影响在富裕地区和贫穷地区都有体现。
已经有重要的证据表明绿地对改善儿童认知发展的各个方面的影响，但这是第一个检验智商的研究。其原因尚不确定，但可能与较低的压力水平、更多的玩耍和社交接触或更安静的环境有关。
进行这项研究的比利时哈塞尔特大学的环境流行病学教授蒂姆·纳罗特说，“随着时间的推移，绿色环境与认知功能的改善有关，如记忆技能和注意力等环境功能的改善，证据逐渐增强。”
这项研究发表在《公共医学》杂志上，利用卫星图像测量社区的绿色水平，包括公园、花园、街道树木和所有其他植被。
平均智商为105分，但科学家们发现，在绿化水平较低的地区，有4%的儿童得分低于80分，而在绿化水平较高的地区，没有儿童得分低于80分。
在城市地区记录的好处在郊区或农村地区并未发现。纳罗特认为，这可能是因为这些地方有足够的绿色环境，可以让所有住在那里的孩子都受益。
使用标准评分量表也测量了儿童的注意力差和攻击性差等行为困难，平均得分为46分。在这种情况下，绿色植物的数量增加了3%，行为问题就减少了两分，这与之前的研究一致。
（二）
As an English language teacher, I have cme int cntact with many many different natinalities. The peple I teach English t cme frm very different backgrunds. I have als been l_____1_____ enugh t travel t different cuntries with my wrk: The USA, China, France, Austria, Germany and Italy t name just a few. Yu might think, then, that I wuld be well prepared fr the challenge f meeting different cultures. I think I am quite well prepared but I have had sme interesting and surprising experiences. Here are sme f them that have made an impressin n me.
Arab culture
When sme Saudi Arabian students invited me t their huse fr a meal we sat n the flr t eat. When I cmplimented(赞美) t an Omani students n his smart cat, he _____2_____ it t me! It seems that is the expected respnse in sme parts f the Arab wrld. When I asked a Saudi student when his birthday was, he said he did nt knw. I kept asking him the same questin, thinking he did nt understand, but the p_____3_____ was that they dn’t celebrate birthdays in sme parts f the Arab wrld.
Japanese culture
When I was invited fr a meal by sme Japanese students, I was surprised that I had t take my shes ff befre ging int the huse. I was e_____4_____ mre surprised when I had t sing karake! I have nticed that when I asked Japanese students questins, they ften dn’t say anything u_____5_____ they have the answer. The silence is lnger than we expect in English culture, where yu nrmally make sme kind f nise t shw yu have understd questins and yu are thinking abut it.
Chinese culture
We had a grup f Chinese teachers here. They made their tea in their cups. Biling water is added t the s_____6_____ leaves when they wanted anther cup f tea. I fund this interesting because we make ur tea in a teapt using biling water. But new leaves r teabags are used every time we want anther pt f tea. We drink black tea r milk and sugar can be added t the tea.
I dn’t think the culture differences I have experienced have brught me any r_____7_____ truble. They just make life interesting.
答案：
1.lucky 2.ffered 3.prblem 4.even 5.until 6.same 7.real
译文：
作为一名英语教师，我曾接触过许多不同国家的人。我教英语的人都来自非常不同的背景。我也很幸运地带着我的工作去了不同的国家旅行：美国、中国、法国、奥地利、德国和意大利等等。那么，你可能会认为，我会为迎接不同文化的挑战做好充分的准备。我想我已经准备得很好了，但我有一些有趣和令人惊讶的经历。以下是一些给我留下深刻印象的经历。
阿拉伯文化
当一些沙特阿拉伯的学生邀请我到他们家吃饭时，我们就坐在地板上吃饭。当我称赞穿着一名阿曼学生的智能外套时，他把它递给了我！这似乎是阿拉伯世界某些地区预期中的反应。当我问一个沙特学生他的生日是什么时候时，他说他不知道。我一直在问他同样的问题，以为他不明白，但问题是，在阿拉伯世界的一些地方，他们不庆祝生日。
日本文化
当我被一些日本学生邀请去吃饭时，我很惊讶，我不得不在回家之前脱掉鞋子。当我不得不唱卡拉OK时，我就更惊讶了！我注意到，当我问日本学生一些问题时，他们通常在得到答案之前什么都不说。沉默比我们在英国文化中预期的要长，在英国文化中，你通常会发出一些噪音来表明你已经理解了问题，并且你正在思考它。
中国文化
我们这里有一群中文老师。他们在杯子里泡茶。当他们想再喝一杯茶时，就会在同样的叶子上加入沸水。我觉得这很有趣，因为我们用沸水在茶壶里泡茶。但是每次我们想要另一壶茶时，就会使用新的叶子或茶包。我们喝红茶或牛奶，茶中可以加入糖。
我不认为我经历的文化差异给我带来任何真正的麻烦。它们只是让生活变得有趣。
（三）
One mrning, Gregr Samsa wke up frm a bad dream and realized he was sme kind f a terrible insect. He was a cckrach (蟋蟀), and he was as large as a man! Lying n his back, he culd see his large brwn belly and thin legs. He tried t turn ver nt his side, but every time he tried, he wuld rll nt his back again.
He began t think abut his jb as a traveling salesman. He hated his jb, but he had t d it t s_____1_____ his father, mther, and sister because his father n lnger wrked. He lked at the clck and realized he had verslept—it was 6:30! He was late. The next train left at 7:00. He wuld have t hurry t make it.
A few minutes later his mther yelled t him: “It’s 6:45. Yu are late. Get up!” When he answered her, he was s_____2_____ t hear his vice; it sunded s high.“Yes, mther. I’m getting up nw.” His sister nw whispered thrugh the dr, “Gregr, are yu all right? D yu need anything?”
Well, it was time t get up. Surely, as sn as he gt ut f bed, he wuld realize this had all been a bad dream. He tried t mve his back part ut first, but it mved s slwly, and it was s difficult. His thin little legs seemed u_____3_____, just mving and mving in the air, nt helping him at all. Then he tried the frnt part. This wrked better, but he still culdn’t mve enugh t get ut f bed. He began rcking back and frth, strnger and strnger, and f_____4_____ threw himself nt the flr, hitting his head as he fell.
S_____5_____, he heard a knck at the dr. It was his manager, wh had cme t see why he was late. “Oh,” thught Gregr, “I hate my jb.” Then the manager spke. “Mr. Samsa, I must warn yu that yu culd lse yur jb because f this. L_____6_____, yur wrk has nt been very gd, and nw I find yu in bed when yu shuld be at wrk!” Gregr panicked and said, “N, n, I will cme ut immediately. I was sick, but nw I feel much better.”
The manager and Gregr’s family didn’t understand a single wrd he said, fr his speech was nw the hiss(嘶嘶声) f an insect. As he talked, he m_____7_____ t mve himself t the chest f drawers, tried t stand up, then slipped and fell, hlding tightly t a chair with his thin legs. He eventually pened the dr and lean(倚靠) against it.
答案：
1.supprt 2.surprised 3.useless 4.finally 5.Suddenly 6.Lately 7.managed
译文：
一天早上，格雷戈尔·萨姆萨从一场噩梦中醒来，意识到自己是某种可怕的昆虫。他是一只蟑螂（蟋蟀），而且他和一个男人一样大！他仰面躺着，可以看到他棕色的大肚子和细的腿。他试图转过身来，但每次他尝试时，他都会再次滚到背上。
他开始考虑自己当旅行推销员的工作。他讨厌自己的工作，但他不得不这样做来支持他的父亲、母亲和妹妹，因为他的父亲不再工作了。他看了看时钟，意识到自己睡过头了——已经是六四点半了！他已经迟到了。下一班火车是在7点出发的。他必须赶快去。
几分钟后，他的妈妈对他喊道：“现在是6：45了。”你已经迟到了。起床吧！”当他回答她时，他惊讶地听到了他的声音；它听起来那么高。“是的，妈妈。我现在要起床了。”他的妹妹透过门低声说：“格里高尔，你没事吗？”你需要什么吗？”
嗯，是时候起床了。当然，当他一下了床，他就会意识到这一切都是一场噩梦。他想先把他的后部移出来，但它移动得很慢，而且很困难。他那细细的小腿似乎毫无用处，只是在空中不断移动，对他根本没有帮助。然后他试了试前部分。这样做效果更好，但他仍然无法足够起床。他开始前后摇晃，越来越强壮，最后倒在地上，摔倒时撞到了头。 突然，他听到了一阵敲门声。是他的经理，他来看看他为什么迟到了。“哦，”格里高尔想，“我讨厌我的工作。”然后经理开口说话了。“萨姆萨先生，我必须警告你，你可能会因此而失业。最近，你的工作不太好，现在我发现你应该在工作的时候躺在床上！”格里高尔惊慌失措地说：“不，不，我马上就出来。”我病了，但现在我感觉好多了。”
经理和格雷戈尔的家人连他说的一个字都听不懂，因为他讲的话现在是一种昆虫的嘶嘶声。他一边说，一边设法把自己挪到五斗橱前，他试图站起来，然后滑倒了。他用细腿紧紧地抓住一把椅子。他最终打开了门，靠在门上面。
（四）
A leading fd industry bss has warned that prices will spike(飙升) as a result f the war in Ukraine(乌克兰).
Russia and Ukraine are sme f the wrld's b_____1_____ suppliers f wheat and exprts(出口) will be affected by the cnflict(冲突). In additin, the price f gas—which is used t heat greenhuses and t prcess fertilizer(化肥), which is essential t fd prductin—has risen.
The chief executive f 2 Sisters tld the reprter that it had already been frced t pay 50% mre fr chicken it receives frm farms. He believed that if the war cntinues fr mnths, it means we may need t start imprting(进口) less and prducing mre _____2_____.
Mr Kers als thught that the UK's exit frm the Eurpean Unin had made matters mre d_____3_____, because f a heavier administrative(行政) burden(负担) fr farmers. Befre that, the Natinal Farmers Unin (NFU) warned that fd prductin culd be hit, affecting whether peple culd a_____4_____ fd in the shps fr years.
In a letter t the gvernment last week, it called fr urgent(紧急的) help fr farmers. NFU president Minette Batters als tld the reprter last week that the rising cst f prducing fruit, vegetables and meat culd cause farmers t m_____5_____ less at a time when the natin needs mre.
"I think the whle wrld has t r_____6_____ that this is nt smething we've faced befre, we are ging t see wheat price inflatin(通货膨胀) levels that have never happened," she said.
Research frm the Reslutin Fundatin think tank(英国决议基金会智库) published n Mnday shws that the war in Ukraine culd see a_____7_____ spike in the cst f living this autumn.
答案：
1.biggest 2. urselves3.difficult 4.affrd 5.make 6.recgnize/realize 7.anther
译文：
一位食品产业的领头人警告说，由于乌克兰战争，物价将飙升。
俄罗斯和乌克兰是世界上最大的两个小麦供应国，小麦出口将受到冲突影响。此外，汽油价格也持续攀升——汽油是对食品生产至关重要的原料，人们用它加热大棚与制作化肥。
姐妹食品集团的董事长告诉记者，他们已经不得不支付多一半的价钱，购买农场的鸡肉。他认为，如果乌俄战事持续数月，“对于英国来说，我们或许需要进口更少的农副产品，转而自己生产更多。”
与此同时，科尔斯认为英国脱欧令事态雪上加霜，农民的行政负担加重。在科尔斯之前，英国国家农场主联合会已经发出警告，称食品生产行业将遭到重创，可能影响未来数年食品的可购买性。
在上周致政府的信函中，国家农场主联合会呼吁立刻加大对农民的扶持。联合会主席米涅特·巴特斯（Minette Batters）上周告诉记者，水果、蔬菜、肉类的成本上浮，这可能会导致食品生产供不应求。
“我认为全世界必须认识到，这是前所未有的危机，小麦价格会上涨到全新的高度。”她说。
英国决议基金会智库于周一发表的研究称，乌克兰战事将导致今年秋天生活成本再次飙升。
（五）
Tuch is ne f the mst imprtant f ur five senses. It is ne f the first senses we develp. One f the mst cmmnly accepted frms f tuch amng peple is als ne f the first experiences we have in the wrld—A hug!
There is n b_____1_____ way t understand the imprtance f hugs than t lse them. Fr thse wh have experienced the lss f hugs, yu will knw hw imprtant they are t share.
A recent research has s_____2_____ that when peple hug, the brain releases the chemical which increases ur willingness t trust and reduces fear. It has als fund that hugs are great fr yur heart.
In 1995, a pair f newly brn twins was being cared fr in hspital. W_____3_____ ne f the twins seemed quite healthy, her sister was nt. After trying different medical treatments, the nurse n duty, Gayle Kasparian placed the twins in bed tgether. The twins i_____4_____ snuggled(依偎) up t each ther. As ne placed her arm arund the ther, the weak baby became better gradually. Hw great the pwer f a hug is!
The need fr hugs desn’t d_____5_____ as we grw lder, thugh it seems we are less willing t give them. Research n peple f all ages has prven that a hug is necessary fr p_____6_____ and emtinal health.
Withut hugs we can becme sad. A hug prvides s_____7_____ and gentleness. A hug prvides us with scial cntact, a sense f health and a feeling f imprtance and belnging.
答案：
1.better 2.shwn 3.While 4.immediately 5.disappear 6.physical 7.safety
译文：
触摸是我们五种感官中最重要的一种。这是我们首先发展出来的感官之一。人们最普遍接受的接触方式之一也是我们在世界上最初的体验之一——拥抱！
没有比失去拥抱更好的方法来理解拥抱的重要性了。对于那些经历过失去拥抱的人来说，你就会知道分享拥抱有多重要。
最近的一项研究表明，当人们拥抱时，大脑会释放出这种化学物质，增加我们信任的意愿，减少恐惧。这也发现，拥抱对你的心很有好处。
1995年，一对新生的双胞胎在医院接受治疗。虽然双胞胎中的一个看起来很健康，但她的姐姐却不健康。在尝试了不同的医疗方法后，护士开始值班。盖尔·卡斯帕里安把这对双胞胎放在了床上。这对双胞胎立刻互相依偎着。当一个人搂住另一只手时，虚弱的婴儿逐渐好转。一个拥抱的力量是多么强大啊！
对拥抱的需要并没有随着年龄的增长而消失，尽管我们似乎不太愿意给予拥抱。对所有年龄段的人的研究已经证明，拥抱对身体和情感健康是必要的。
如果没有拥抱，我们就会变得悲伤。一个拥抱提供了安全和温柔。一个拥抱给我们提供了一种社会接触、一种健康感和一种重要性和归属感。
（六）
Cruises(游轮) are becming mre and mre ppular, with arund 20 millin passengers per year nw enjying hlidays n bard luxury(奢侈的) ships. Mre peple see a cruise as the perfect way t sit back and d nthing, and enjy time ff wrk. But what is the e_____1_____ n the envirnment f this trend(趋势)?
Althugh it usually takes less energy fr a vehicle t mve thrugh water than ver land, cruise ships are ften massive, with the b_____2_____ nes carrying up t 6,000 passengers. Mving such large vehicles requires huge engines which burn as much as 300,000 litres f fuel a day. One scientist has calculated that cruise ships create as much pllutin as 5 millin cars ging ver the same distance. Because they are ut at sea, they als burn dirtier fuel that isn’t a_____3_____ n land. Unfrtunately, n gvernment has cntrl ver the amunt f air pllutin ut at sea.
Cruises als prduce huge a_____4_____ f rubbish, and cruise ships aren’t usually gd at recycling. Waste water frm shwers and tilets is usually pured directly int the sea—as much per day as frm a small twn. Waste fd frm restaurants isn’t put int the sea, b_____5_____ still causes prblems when brught back t the land.
Cruise ships als cause difficulties in the cities where they stp. Ppular destinatins can get five r six ships per day, with thusands f turists at a time. Gd fr restaurants? N. Restaurant wners c_____6_____ that the visitrs lk arund fr a few hurs and then return t their ship t eat. What’s mre, the crwds can put ff ther turists, wh say that the streets are t busy. Sme twns have banned(禁止) cruise ships r put a limit n the n_____7_____ that can stp at the same time. Peple wh care abut the envirnment wrry that as the cruise industry cntinues t grw, s will the issues fr ur planet.
答案：
1.effect 2.biggest 3.allwed 4.amunts 5.but 6.cmplain 7.number
译文：
游轮越来越受欢迎，现在每年约有2000万乘客在豪华游轮上度假。越来越多的人认为游轮旅行是坐着、无所事事、享受休假时间的完美方式。但是，这种趋势对环境的影响是什么呢？
虽然车辆在水中行驶的能量通常比在陆地上行驶的能量少，但游轮通常都很大，最大的游轮可以搭载6000名乘客。移动如此大的车辆需要巨大的引擎，每天燃烧多达30万升的燃料。一位科学家计算出，游轮造成的污染相当于500万辆汽车。因为它们在海上，它们也燃烧陆地上不允许的更脏的燃料。不幸的是，没有一个政府能控制住海上的空气污染量。
游轮也会产生大量的垃圾，而游轮通常不善于回收利用。淋浴和厕所的废水通常直接流入大海——每天和来自小镇的废水一样多。餐馆的废弃食物不会被放进海里，但当被带回陆地时仍然会造成问题。
游轮也会给它们停靠的城市带来困难。受欢迎的目的地每天可以有五到六艘船，一次有数千名游客。适合餐馆吗？不。餐馆老板抱怨说，游客们四处找了几个小时，然后又回到船上吃饭。更重要的是，人群可能会推迟其他游客，他们说街道太忙了。一些城镇已经禁止游轮，或限制同时停靠的数量。关心环境的人担心，随着邮轮行业的持续增长，我们的星球的问题也会增长。