10-冲刺2022年中考英语首字母填空临考押题(上海专用)

这是一份10-冲刺2022年中考英语首字母填空临考押题(上海专用)，共11页。试卷主要包含了recvered 2等内容，欢迎下载使用。
冲刺2022年中考英语首字母填空临考押题（上海专用）10
（一）
People who have a rosy(乐观的) outlook(观点) on the world may live healthier, longer lives because they have fewer stressful events to deal with, new research suggests.
Scientists found that while optimists(乐观者) reacted to, and r_____1_____ from, stressful situations in much the same way as pessimists(悲观者), the optimists felt better emotionally because they had fewer stressful events in their daily lives.
How optimists minimize(最小化) their stress is unclear, but the researchers believe they either avoid arguments, lost keys, traffic jams and other irritations, or simply f_____2_____ to think them stressful in the first place.
Previous studies have found evidence that optimists live longer and healthier lives, but researchers do not c_____3_____ understand why having a glass-half-full(乐观的) attitude might make healthy aging.
"Given prior(先前的) work linking optimism to longevity(长寿), healthy aging, and lower risks of major diseases, it seemed like a logical next step to study whether optimism might protect a_____4_____ the effects of stress among older adults," said Dr Lewina Lee, a clinical psychologist at the Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System.
Lee and her colleagues analyzed information p_____5_____ by 233 men who were at least 21 years old when they enrolled(登记) in the US Veterans Affairs Normative Ageing Study(美国退伍军人事务规范老龄化研究) between 1961 and 1970. Surveys in the 1980s and 90s assessed(评估) the men's levels of optimism.
Between 2002 and 2010, they finished up to three eight-day-long diary entries(事项) that recorded their mood and any stressful situations they faced.
"We found that more optimistic men reported having fewer daily stressors, which partially e_____6_____ their lower levels of negative mood," Lee said.
Levels of optimism or pessimism tend to be very stable across people's lives, but Lee believes there are w_____7_____ to build a more rosy outlook for those who want to.


答案：
1.recovered 2.fail 3.completely 4.against 5.provided 6.explained 7.ways

译文：
新研究显示，拥有积极乐观世界观的人更健康、更长寿，因为他们面对的压力事件更少。
科学家发现，尽管面对压力局面时，乐观者和悲观者在反应和恢复方面差不多，但乐观者的情绪更为健康，因为他们日常生活中的压力事件更少。
乐观者如何将其压力最小化这一点尚不明确，但研究者认为他们能不去理会诸如争论、丢失钥匙或者交通堵塞这种烦心事，或者一开始就没有把它们认为是压力事件。
之前的研究已经发现有证据表明乐观者更为长寿、健康，但是研究者不完全理解为什么有乐观的态度能让人们健康地变老。
退伍军人事务部波士顿医疗保健机构临床心理医生莱维娜·李（Lewina Lee）博士表示，鉴于此前的研究将乐观与长寿、健康地变老以及降低重大疾病的风险相联系，下一步似乎就应该研究乐观能否保护老年人免受压力的负面影响。
李和同事分析了来自233位男性的信息，这些男性在1961至1970年间注册了美国退伍军人事务规范老龄化研究，其中年龄最小的是21岁。研究人员在20世纪80年代和90年代对这些男性的乐观程度进行了评估。
在2002至2010年间，他们完成了多达三个为期八天的日记条目撰写，记录了他们的情绪以及遇到的压力事件。
“我们发现更乐观的人报告有更少的日常压力源，这在一定程度上解释了他们更低的负面情绪水平，”李表示。
乐观或悲观的程度在人们的一生中往往是很稳定的，但是李认为如果想要培养乐观心态的话，还是有一些方法的。


（二）
A widely used kind of recycled plastic bottle passes more potentially(潜在地) harmful chemicals into their contents than newly manufactured(制造) bottles, researchers have warned.
Researchers from Brunel University London found 150 chemicals that leached(渗入) into drinks from plastic bottles, with 18 of those chemicals found in levels exceeding(超过) regulations. And they found that drinks bottled using recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) can contained h_____1_____ concentrations(浓度) of chemicals than those bottled using new PET, which suggests that problems with the recycling process may be causing pollution.
PET is the third most w_____2_____ used type of plastic in food packaging, with one of its most popular end uses in single-use drinks bottles. Such bottles are also one of the most commonly found forms of plastic litter, leading to a number of initiatives(倡议) to i_____3_____ levels of PET recycling.
But PET is also known for being the source of a number of potential chemical pollutants(污染物), which can cause cardiovascular(心血管) problems and cancer, among other ill e_____4_____.
Dr Eleni Iacovidou, a lecturer from Brunel's centre for pollution research and policy, who led the study, said: "We found these chemicals can come from v_____5_____ sources, such as the catalysts(催化剂) and additives(添加剂) used during production."
In particular, to reduce the number of chemicals found in bottled drinks, the study suggests that a technology known as the "super cleaning" process could be used, which uses a three-stage process to clean old plastics before recycling—a high-temperature wash, a gas wash, and a chemical wash.
Iacovidou said: "Recycling processes already i_____6_____ the cleaning of the bottles before turning them into secondary raw material for use. By investing in new super-cleaning technologies, we can maximize(最大化) the possibility of decontaminating(净化) recycled PET to levels similar to virgin(原始的) PET."
"We all have a responsibility to take. We need to start thinking about how to p_____7_____ the use of PET bottles in our households by investing, for example, in water filters(净水器), or large water containers and learning how to deal with our plastic waste properly," she said.


答案：
1.higher 2.widely 3.increase 4.effects 5.various 6.include 7.prevent

译文：
研究人员告诫道，相比首次生产的塑料瓶，广泛使用的再生塑料瓶会使更多潜在的有害化学物质渗入饮品。
伦敦布鲁内尔大学的研究人员发现，有150种化学物质会从塑料瓶渗入饮品，其中18种化学物质的含量超标。他们还发现，相比首次生产的PET，再生PET会使瓶装饮品中化学物质的浓度变高，这表明循环过程中出现的问题可能会造成污染。
PET是食品包装行业使用第三广泛的一种塑料，普遍用来制造一次性饮料瓶。而这些瓶子又是最常见的一种塑料垃圾，从而引发许多旨在增加PET循环利用水平的倡议。
但众所周知，PET也是许多潜在化学污染物的来源，而这些化学物质又会导致心血管疾病和癌症，还会产生其他一些不良影响。
布鲁内尔大学污染研究与政策中心讲师埃莱尼·亚科维杜博士是这项研究的负责人，她表示：“我们发现这些化学物质的来源多种多样，可能来自饮品生产过程中的催化剂和添加剂。”
需要注意的是，为了减少瓶装饮品中的化学物质，该研究建议使用一种叫做“超级清洁”的技术——回收利用废弃塑料制品之前对其进行三个阶段的清洁，即高温清洗、气体清洗和化学清洗。
杜表示：“循环过程首先对塑料瓶进行清洁，然后再将其制成待使用的次生原料。通过引进新型的超级清洁技术，我们可以最大程度地清除再生PET中的有害物质，使其恢复至近似原始PET的水平。”
她还说：“每一个人都要担起责任。我们需要开始考虑如何在家中避免使用PET瓶，例如可以花钱安装净水器或是购买大型贮水器，还可以学习如何正确处理塑料废物。”


（三）
Smith had to drive across the Sahara Desert. It was a journey across hundreds of miles of empty desert.
After he had been driving for a few hours, there was a sandstorm. His car left the road and then b_____1_____ down.
Smith began walking north across the hot sand under the scorching(极热的) sun. He hoped he would soon reach the road again. Soon, his tongue was thick with thirst. He needed water, but e_____2_____ he looked there was nothing except sand.
Smith kept walking. Then, about an hour later, a man riding a camel came into sight. Smith waved to him. The man on the camel rode up to him and stopped. “Please,”Smith said, “I am dying of thirst. Let me have some of your water.” The man slowly s_____3_____ his head. “You can’t have any water,” he said, “but I’ll sell you a necktie.” “I don’t want a necktie,” Smith shouted at him angrily. “I need water.” But the man turned away quickly and rode off.
Smith continued walking. Two hours later, he met a_____4_____ man riding a camel. This time he asked if he could buy some water, but the man r_____5_____, saying, “No, but I’ll sell you a necktie.” Furiously, Smith turned away from him and continued walking.
Three hours later, by which time he was near death, Smith saw a large luxury hotel in the distance. It stood a_____6_____ in the middle of the desert, surrounded by palm trees.
Smith managed to reach the main entrance. He was about to enter the hotel when the doorman stopped him. “Hey!” he said. “This is a first-class hotel. You can’t come in here w_____7_____ a necktie.”


答案：
1.broke 2.everywhere 3.shook 4.another 5.refused6.alone 7.without

译文：
史密斯不得不开车穿过撒哈拉沙漠。这是一次穿越数百英里的空沙漠的旅程。 他开了几个小时后，出现了一场沙尘暴。他的车离开了路，然后抛锚了。
史密斯开始在炎热的阳光下向北穿过炎热的沙子。他希望他很快就能再次上路。不久，他的舌头就太干了。他需要水，但无论他看到哪里，除了沙子，他什么也没有。
史密斯一直走。大约一小时后，一个骑着骆驼的人出现了。史密斯向他挥手。骑骆驼的人骑到他跟前停了下来。“请问，”史密斯说，“我快渴死了。给我一些你的水。”那人慢慢地摇了摇头。“你不能喝任何水，”他说，“但我愿意卖给你一条领带。”“我不想打领带，”史密斯愤怒地对他喊道。“我需要水。”但那人迅速转过身去，骑马走了。
史密斯继续行走。两小时后，他遇到了另一个骑着骆驼的人。这一次，他问他能不能买些水，但那人拒绝了，他说：“不，但我要卖给你一条领带。”史密斯很生气地转过身去，继续走着。
三个小时后，史密斯濒临死亡，他看见远处有一家大型豪华酒店。它独自矗立在沙漠的中央，周围都是棕榈树。
史密斯设法到达了正门。他正要进旅馆时，看门人拦住了他。嘿他说。“这是一家一流的酒店。你不带领带来这里。”


（四）
It is quite reasonable to blame(指责) traffic jams, the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life, but manners on the road are becoming h_____1_____. Everybody knows that the nicest men would become fierce tigers behind the wheel. It is all right to have a tiger in a cage, but to have one in the driver’s seat is another matter.
Road politeness is not only good manners, but a good sense. It takes the most cool-headed drivers great p_____2_____ to give up the desire to beat back when forced to face rude driving. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way toward reducing the p_____3_____ of quarreling and fighting. A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in answer to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and becomes so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such behavior of politeness is not enough. Many drivers nowadays don’t even seem able to r_____4_____ politeness when they see it.
However, misplaced(错位的) politeness can also be d_____5_____. A typical(典型的) example is the driver who waves a child crossing the street at a wrong place into the path of oncoming cars that may not be able to stop in time. The same goes for(适用于) e_____6_____ old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to.
An experienced driver, whose manners are perfect, told me it would help if drivers learnt to correctly join in a traffic stream without causing total blockages that give rise to unpleasant feelings. U_____7_____, modern drivers can’t even learn to drive, let alone master the roadmanship (公路驾车技能). Years ago, experts warned us that the fast increase of the car ownership would demand more give-and-take(give-and-take) from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.


答案：
1.horrible 2.patience 3.possibility 4.recognize 5.dangerous6.encouraging 7.Unfortunately

译文：
指责交通堵塞、汽油成本和现代生活的高速速度是相当合理的，但路上的礼仪正变得可怕。每个人都知道最好的人会在方向盘时变成凶猛的老虎。把一只老虎关在笼子里也没关系，但让一只老虎坐在驾驶座上则是另一回事。
道路礼貌不仅是礼貌，而且是理智。当被迫面对粗鲁的驾驶时，最冷静的司机需要极大的耐心才能放弃反击的欲望。另一方面，有一点礼貌也有助于减少争吵和打架的可能性。对礼貌行为的友好的点头或挥手感谢，有助于创造一种友好的气氛，在现代交通条件下变得非常必要。但是，这种礼貌的行为还远远不够。如今，许多司机在看到礼貌时，甚至似乎都认不出它。
然而，错位的礼貌也可能是危险的。一个不典型的例子是，司机会挥手让一个孩子在错误的地方过马路，让迎面驶来的汽车可能无法及时停下来。同样的道理也适用于鼓励老太太们随时随地过马路。
一位经验丰富的司机，他的举止完美，他告诉我，如果司机学会正确地加入车流，而不会造成引起不愉快感觉的完全堵塞，就会有所帮助。不幸的是，现代司机甚至不会学习驾驶，更不用说掌握道路技巧了。多年前，专家们警告我们，汽车拥有量的快速增加将需要所有道路使用者更多的回报。现在是让我们所有人都把这一信息铭记于心的时候了。


（五）
A recent survey in the United States showed that the average family spent more money on its pets than on its children. Although rather shocking, it should not s_____1_____ anyone who has seen the doggy parlors(客厅) where loved pets rest. Are Americans unique in treating their little friends in this way? No, the English, too, pay more attention to their pets.
This can clearly be seen when we look at pet foods, which often contain more vitamins than human food. They certainly cost m_____2_____. Last year the British public spent two hundred million pounds on pet food alone, to say nothing of veterinary(兽医) bills or animal furniture. It is difficult not to feel a_____3_____ about this when considering what the same amount could do for victims of starvation(饥饿) and poverty(贫困), so it is not unusual for me to get hot under collar when I read an old man left all his money to his dog instead of his children.
There are a variety of reasons why I find pets-raising alarming. They cause p_____4_____ problems. An example of this is New York where they have great difficulty getting rid of the mess that dogs leave on the streets. Many people find this funny, but in a number of large cities it is a major problem. Animals can cause disease, too. It is the threat of rabies-a disease with no known cure.
Another problem is the c_____5_____ of pet owners. Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually push their mothers and fathers until they get one. It is only when the "sweet little thing" has been brought home that the parents r_____6_____ how much time and money must be spent on"Rover(漫游者)"or"Bonzo(疯狂的人)". Then they just abandon it. As a result, they are allowed to run free. English farmers lose hundreds of sheep a year, killed by someone's pet and you must have read of children being hurt by some pets of their own.
F_____7_____, I would only suggest that we have got our priorities(优先考虑的事) wrong and that something should be done about it.


答案：
1.surprise 2.much3.angry 4.physical 5.carelessness 6.realize 7.Finally

译文：
美国最近的一项调查显示，普通家庭花在宠物身上的钱比花在孩子身上的钱要多。虽然相当令人震惊，但任何见过宠物狗店的人都不感到惊讶。美国人这样对待小朋友的方式是独一无二的吗？不，英国人也要更多地注意他们的宠物。
当我们看到宠物食品时，我们可以清楚地看到这一点，它们通常比人类食物含有更多的维生素。它们当然要花很多钱。去年，英国公众仅在宠物食品上就花费了2亿英镑，更不用说兽医费和动物家具了。当考虑相同的数量可以为饥饿和贫困的受害者做的事，很难让人不感到生气，所以当我读一个老人把他所有的钱给他的狗，而不是他的孩子，我也不觉得奇怪了。
我觉得养宠物的原因令人担忧。它们会导致身体问题。这样的一个例子就是纽约，他们很难摆脱狗在街上留下的混乱。许多人觉得这很有趣，但在许多大城市，这是一个主要问题。动物也会引起疾病。这是狂犬病的威胁——一种没有已知治愈方法的疾病。
另一个问题是宠物主人的粗心大意。大多数小孩想要一只狗或一只猫，他们不断地强迫他们的父母，直到他们得到一只。只有当“甜蜜的小东西”被带回家时，父母才会意识到，在“漫游者”或“疯狂的人”上必须花多少时间和金钱。然后他们就放弃了它。因此，它们被允许自由运行。英国农民每年失去数百只羊，被别人的宠物杀死，你一定读到过孩子们被自己的宠物伤害的故事。
最后，我只建议我们把优先事项做错了，应该采取措施。


（六）
We can see that different people have different ways of living, the way of how to make a living is quite a lot, when you meet somebody and ask, “ How do you make a living?” I think people with different jobs will have different answers, even the answers of people who have the same job will, to some extent, not the same. H_____1_____ this will happen? In fact, life is colorful, the way of making a living is different according to their different jobs and their different feelings.
Believe in y_____2_____ when no one else does.When so many people are struggling to earn a living, it’s refreshing(耳目一新的) to hear about a man who has found success through a very simple but unique idea. Jason Sadler, aged 26, wears a different T-shirt every day, and gets paid for doing so.
$83,000 a year would be c_____3_____ pretty good pay by most people. To make that much money, you’d generally need an advanced(高级的) degree or a lot of experience in your field. But Jason Sadler is different. All he needs to do is wearing a different T-shirt every day.
He isn’t a male model. He’s just an o_____4_____ 26-year-old young man from Florida. But about a year ago, he decided to sell his upper body as advertising space by wearing a different company’s T-shirt every day. He took photos of himself in the shirt and put them on his website. His fee for wearing the shirts r_____5_____ from day to day. It started at $1 on January 1st, and had gone up to $365 by December 31st.
According to The New York Times, he was inspired by Million Dollar Homepage, a successful project in which a British man sold on million pixels(像素) on a website for $1 each. Sadler’s success also d_____6_____ on his experience as the chief marketing officer of the web design company Thought and Theory, with which he became very f_____7_____ with marketing.
At any place, his efforts have paid off. He sold every T-shirt spot for 2009. And he made $84,795 from T-shirt ad sales and website ad sales. In 2010, he expanded(扩大) his business by employing another T-shirt wearer on the West Coast, and doubled his price.


答案：
1.How 2.yourself 3.considered 4.ordinary 5.rose 6.depends 7.familiar

译文：
我们可以看到，不同的人有不同的生活方式，如何谋生的方式是很多的，当你遇到一个人，并问，“你是怎么谋生的？”我认为有不同工作的人会有不同的答案，甚至是有相同工作的人的答案，在某种程度上，也会是不一样的。这将如何发生？事实上，生活是丰富多彩的，谋生的方式因他们不同的工作和不同的感受而不同。
当没有别人相信自己的时候就相信自己。当这么多人都在努力谋生时，听到一个人通过一个非常简单但独特的想法获得了成功是令人耳目一新的。26岁的杰森·萨德勒每天都穿一件不同的t恤，并因此得到了报酬。
一年83000美元将被认为是相当不错的薪水。为了赚那么多钱，你通常需要一个高级学位或在你所在领域的大量经验。但杰森·萨德勒则有所不同。他所需要做的就是每天穿一件不同的t恤。 他不是一个男模特。他只是一个来自佛罗里达的26岁年轻人。但大约一年前，他决定每天穿一件不同公司的T恤，以出售自己的上半身作为广告空间。他拍了一些自己穿着衬衫的照片，并放在了自己的网站上。他穿这些衬衫的费用每天都在上涨。1月1日的起价为1美元，到12月31日已经涨到了365美元。
据《纽约时报》报道，他的灵感来自于一个价值百万美元的主页，这是一个成功的项目，一个英国人在一个网站上以每个网站1美元的价格卖出了百万像素。萨德勒的成功也取决于他作为网页设计公司思想和理论的首席营销官的经验，他对此非常熟悉市场营销。
在任何一个地方，他的努力都取得了回报。他卖掉了2009年的每一件T恤广告。他从t恤广告销售和网站广告销售中赚了84,795美元。2010年，他扩大了业务，在西海岸雇佣了另一位T恤使用者，并将价格翻了一番。