12-冲刺2022年中考英语首字母填空临考押题(上海专用)

这是一份12-冲刺2022年中考英语首字母填空临考押题(上海专用)，共11页。试卷主要包含了traditins 2等内容，欢迎下载使用。
冲刺2022年中考英语首字母填空临考押题（上海专用）12（一）Every country seems to celebrate high school graduations in different ways, with some places having huge events, while others more low-key. Swedish high school graduation is a very special day full of strange funny and unique t_____1_____. All students wear special white hats with their names on them. The hat is quite similar to the kind of hat that a ship’s captain wears. Girls p_____2_____ to wear a simple white dress, while boys wear suits. After getting dressed, students will have a champagne(香槟酒) breakfast in a large garden. Graduation takes place in the summer and usually the sun is out. Having breakfast outdoors is really a p_____3_____ thing. It is the perfect way to start the day. After breakfast, students go to school and there is a graduation ceremony. After picking up their diplomas(毕业证书), students will make their way out into an outside space at the school. Their families and friends gather there and wait for their coming. Each family holds up a picture of the students as a baby or a small child. T_____4_____ they give flower chains to wear round the students’ necks. Families and friends also give them small g_____5_____, such as a medal, a ring or a watch, which are usually kept for the rest of life. With loud music, students get on a truck. And there is some slogans(标语) hanging on the truck. The truck runs around the town while the students wave, dance, laugh and enjoy themselves. People in the street will cheer to e_____6_____ good wishes as the students drive past. Graduation in Sweden has turned into a whole town event. Relaxation seems to have become the real theme of Swedish graduation. The o_____7_____ thing students need to do is to enjoy the time with their friends and families.   答案：1.traditions 2.prefer 3.pleasant 4.Then 5.gifts 6.express 7.only  译文：每个国家似乎都以不同的方式庆祝高中毕业典礼，有些地方有大型活动，而有些地方则比较低调。瑞典高中毕业是一个非常特别的一天，充满了奇怪的有趣和独特的传统。 所有的学生都戴着特殊的白色帽子，上面写有他们的名字。这种帽子和船长所戴的那种帽子非常相似。女孩们更喜欢穿一件简单的白色裙子，而男孩们更喜欢穿西装。穿好衣服后，学生们将在一个大花园里享用香槟早餐。毕业典礼在夏天举行，通常都是在阳光明媚的地方。在户外吃早餐真的是一件快乐的事情。这是开始这一天的完美方式。早餐后，学生们去学校，并举行毕业典礼。在拿起毕业证书后，学生们将进入学校的一个外部空间。他们的家人和朋友聚集在那里，等待他们的到来。每个家庭都拿着一张学生作为婴儿或小孩的照片。然后，他们会把花链戴在学生们的脖子上。家人和朋友也会给他们小礼物，比如奖章、戒指或手表，这些礼物通常保存在余生。 伴随着响亮的音乐，学生们登上了一辆卡车。卡车上还挂着一些口号。卡车在镇上行驶，学生们挥手、跳舞、欢笑和享受自己。当学生们开车经过时，街上的人们会欢呼着表达良好的祝福。 在瑞典的毕业已经变成了整个城镇的活动。放松似乎已经成为瑞典人毕业典礼的真正主题。学生们唯一需要做的事情就是享受与朋友和家人在一起的时光。  （二）Birthdays are a chance for reflection(反思). In the 18 years since its founding(成立) in 2004, Facebook has changed America in three notable(显著的) ways. First, the company has created a virtual(虚拟的) “me-economy” where people share their f_____1_____, photos and comments. The company has done this twice: once with its flagship(旗舰) social network, which became the pastime(消遣) and addiction(上瘾) of college students and high scholars in the mid-2000 and again with Instagram, which is the most p_____2_____ photo sharing App. It has shaped what it means and feels like being young. Second, Facebook has changed our a_____3_____ to privacy(态度). The social network develops through trust. After Facebook was launched, for the first time people felt comfortable sharing intimate(亲密的) details online, i_____4_____ their phone number, relationship status, likes and dislikes, location and more, because they felt they could control who had access(访问) to them. Users were vaguely(模糊地) aware that Facebook was starting to make money by inappropriately using this data and selling advertisers access to specific types of users, but they’re mostly not a_____5_____ it.Third, Facebook has left a lasting mark on politics. The social-networking firm has become a v_____6_____ tool for politicians seeking office, both through paid advertisements to reach voters and free content(内容) that spreads on the social network. “You’d find it difficult to name a politician who’s been elected in the last ten years who didn’t use Facebook,” says David Kirkpatrick, author of The Facebook Effect, a history of the social network.Can the social-media giant stay its influence in the next 18 years as it has already been? At the risk of being wrong about Facebook again, that seems impossible. This is partly because its effect has already been so extensive(广泛). But it is a_____7_____ because of growing unease(不安) with the platform. As with all new technologies, from the printed book to the telegraph, social media can be used both for good and bad.  答案：1.feelings 2.popular 3.attitudes 4.including 5.against 6.valuable 7.also 译文：生日是一个值得反思的机会。在2004年成立以来的18年里，脸书从三个显著的方面改变了美国。首先，该公司创建了一个虚拟的“我经济”，人们在这里分享他们的感受、照片和评论。该公司已经两次这样做过：一次是其旗舰社交网络，在2000年中期成为大学生和高级学者的消遣和上瘾，另一次是最受欢迎的照片分享应用程序Instagram。它塑造了它的意义和年轻的感觉。 其次，脸书已经改变了人们对隐私的态度。这个社交网络通过信任而蓬勃发展。Facebook发布后，人们第一次喜欢在网上分享亲密的细节，包括他们的电话号码、关系状态、好恶、位置等等，因为他们觉得自己可以控制谁可以访问他们。用户模糊地意识到，Facebook开始通过不恰当地使用这些数据并向广告商出售特定类型的用户来赚钱，但他们大多不反对。第三，脸书在政治上留下了持久的印记。这家社交网络公司已经成为政客公职的宝贵工具，通过付费广告接触选民，以及在社交网络上传播的免费内容。“你会发现，很难说出一个在过去十年里当选的政治家，一个没有使用脸书的人的名字。”               这家社交媒体巨头在未来18年里还能保持像现在这样的影响力吗？冒着再次犯错的风险，这似乎不太可能。部分原因是它的影响已经如此广泛。但这也是因为人们对该平台越来越感到不安。与所有的新技术一样，从印刷书籍到电报，社交媒体既可以用于好的，也可以用于坏的。  （三）When Sarah was a teenager, she used to fight over almost everything with her family. But five years ago, while she was studying a_____1_____ in England, she heard a song full of feelings about returning home on the radio. It made Sara think about her family and friends back in the US. She came to r_____2_____ how much she actually missed all of them. Ever since then she has been a fan of American country music. Country music is a t_____3_____ kind of music from the southern states of America. Nashville, Tennessee is the home of country music. Many songs these days are just about modern life in the US, such as the importance of money and success, but not about belonging to a group. H_____4_____, country music brings us back to the “good old days” when people were kind to each other and trusted one another. It r_____5_____us that the best things in life are free-laughter, friends, family, and the beauty of nature and the countryside. Sarah hasn’t been to Nashville yet but it is her dream to go there one day. She has already read a lot about the place and done some researches on it. She knows that there is a Country Music Hall of Fame Museum in Nashville. There are also always a lot of great country music concerts with famous musicians and s_____6_____ like Garth Brooks. Sarah has already listened to most of his songs. “Garth is one of the most s_____7_____ musicians in American history. He’s sold more than 120 million records. I hope to see him sing live one day!”  答案：1.abroad 2.realize 3.traditional 4.However5.reminds 6.singers 7.successful  译文：当萨拉十几岁的时候，她几乎经常和家人争吵。但五年前，当她在英国留学时，她在收音机里听到了一首充满了关于回家的感受的歌曲。这让萨拉想起了她在美国的家人和朋友。她开始意识到她是多么想念这些。从那以后，她就成了美国乡村音乐的粉丝。乡村音乐是来自美国南部各州的一种传统音乐。田纳西州的纳什维尔是乡村音乐的发源地。如今的许多歌曲都是关于美国的现代生活的，比如金钱和成功的重要性，而不是关于属于一个群体的重要性。然而，乡村音乐把我们带回了“美好的旧时光”，那时人们彼此友好，互相信任。它提醒我们，生活中最好的东西是自由的——欢笑、朋友、家人，以及大自然和乡村的美。 萨拉还没去过纳什维尔，但她的梦想是有一天能去那里。她已经读了很多关于这个地方的文章，并为此做了一些研究。她知道在纳什维尔有一个乡村音乐名人堂博物馆。也总会有很多伟大的乡村音乐会，有著名的音乐家和歌手，如加斯·布鲁克斯。萨拉已经听了他的大部分歌曲。“加斯是美国历史上最成功的音乐家之一。他已经卖出了超过1.2亿张唱片。我希望有一天能看到他现场唱歌！”  （四）When I was a boy, I couldn’t remember either my mom or my grandma ever wasting food. A_____1_____ we didn’t eat at one meal was saved, stored and served as leftovers(吃剩的食物) later on.I can remember my grandma making a huge bowl of brown beans.We would all eat until we were f_____2_____, but about half of the beans were sometimes left over. After a few days grandma would take those beans and some noodles out of the fridge, and m_____3_____ them all together into her delicious Italian bread, a kind of traditional Italian soup. I also remember when I watched my mom cook bacon(培根) for us in the mornings, she would always take the fat and put it into a bowl carefully. Then she would use it to flavor(调味) up so many other dishes. I was an adult before I realized that green beans didn’t taste like bacon.I learned their lessons well and never wasted food myself when I grew up. I always p_____4_____ the week’s meals at the beginning of the week and only bought what was on my shopping list, so nothing went to waste. Every meal went into our stomachs, and any leftovers were later eaten by either myself, my boys or my dogs. To me, throwing food away was just wrong. All the work it took to grow it and prepare it needed to be r_____5_____, not wasted. H_____6_____, I learned something else over the years. When it comes to living, there are no leftovers. Each moment that you don’t truly live is lost forever. Life cannot be stored. Life has to be lived TODAY!Live each moment of your life to the fullest. Each day is a c_____7_____ at a new beginning.  Don't let it go to waste. It is a gift. Care for it. Live your life with a full stomach and a full heart.  答案：1.Anything 2.full 3.mix 4.planned 5.respected 6.However 7.chance  译文：当我还是个男孩的时候，我不记得我的妈妈和奶奶曾经浪费过食物。我们一顿饭没吃的东西都被保存起来，作为剩菜。 我记得我奶奶做了一大碗糙豆。我们都会吃到饱，但有时会剩下大约一半的豆子。几天后，奶奶会从冰箱里拿出那些豆子和一些面条，混合在她美味的意大利面包中，这是一种传统的意大利汤。我还记得当我早上看到我妈妈为我们做培根时，她总是把脂肪小心地放进碗里。然后她会用它来给许多其他的菜调味。在我意识到绿豆尝起来不像培根之前，我还是个成年人。我很好地吸取了他们的教训，长大后自己从不浪费食物。我总是在一周开始的时候计划一周的饭菜，而且只买我购物清单上的东西，所以什么都不会浪费。每顿饭都进入我们的胃，剩下的东西都被我自己、我的儿子或我的狗吃。对我来说，扔掉食物是错误的。培养它和准备它所需要的所有工作都需要得到尊重，而不是浪费。 然而，这些年来，我又学到了一些别的东西。说到生活，这里没有剩菜。你没有真正活着的每一刻都永远消失了。生命不能被储存。必须活在今天！ 充分发挥你生命中的每一刻。每一天都是有一个新的开始的机会。不要让它被浪费掉了。这是一份礼物。关心它。吃得饱饱的，去过你的日子。  （五）Some people are like human compasses(指南针), magically navigating city streets to arrive at front doors hidden in back alleys(小巷). They can step out of an underground subway station and i_____1_____ know which way to walk. They can leave a campsite for an hour-long hike through dense forest, zig-zag between identical(完全同样的) trees, and return on time. Others are doomed(使在劫难逃) without maps. When the power goes out, these people stumble(蹒跚) blindly, stopping to ask for directions left and right—or worse, are forced to depend on t_____2_____ in a terrible situation to look for camp before nightfall. If you can't find your way from the parking garage to the restaurant without Google, that's e_____3_____—but maybe, not your fault. Blame(责备) your hometown, says a recent publication in Nature from three European universities. According to them, people whose childhood environments needed more astute(机敏的) spatial(空间的) navigation, unsurprisingly, are b_____4_____ at it as adults. Specifically, those who grew up in cities with grid-like(网格状) patterns (where streets are numbered 1st, 2nd, and 3rd in succession[一系列], perhaps) are less apt than those who grew up in the country, and had to find their house by driving past the first three forks in the road, turning right at the hay bale(捆), and then left at the second big rock. Hometowns were ranked by entropy(平均信息量) of street networks, where rural villages with random(随机), disordered layouts(布局) have higher entropy and cities with orderly grid layouts have lower. People from grid-layout cities—think New York or Chicago—were worse at the way finding task, w_____5_____ people from cities with organic and less orderly layouts, where streets wind naturally at times and cut straight at others, p_____6_____ almost as well as those from rural areas. Growing up somewhere with a more complex layout of roads or paths might help with navigational s_____7_____ as it requires keeping track of direction when you're more likely to make multiple turns at different angles, while you might also need to remember more streets and landmarks for each journey. Meanwhile, other unfortunate kids are weakened by the "lack of complexity of many street networks in cities".   答案：1.immediately 2.themselves 3.embarrassing4.better 5.while 6.performed 7.skills  译文：有些人就像人形指南针，能够神奇地在城市街道上找到方向，到达隐藏在后巷中的大门。他们一走出地铁站，立刻就知道该走哪条路；也可以离开露营地，在茂密的森林中徒步旅行一个小时，在一般无二的树木之间蜿蜒前行，最后按时返回。而另一些人，一旦没有地图就完蛋了。要是手机没电了，这些人就只能盲目地摸索着，时不时停下来到处询问方向。或者在更糟糕的情况下，他们必须自力更生，在夜幕降临前争分夺秒找到露营地。如果不用谷歌地图，你连从停车场到饭店的路都找不到，这确实有点尴尬，不过，这可能不是你的错。三所欧洲大学最近在《自然》杂志上发表的一篇文章表示，如果方向感不好，可能要怪你的家乡。根据他们的说法，童年成长环境需要更敏锐的空间导航能力的人，成年后会有更强的方向感，这并不奇怪。具体来说，那些在网格状模式的城市中长大的人（这些城市的街道可能用第一、第二和第三这样的连续编号命名），他们的方向感就不如在乡村长大的人。因为在乡村长大的人如果要回家，通常需要开车经过道路上的前三个岔口，在干草捆处右转，然后在第二块大石头处左转，过程十分复杂。研究人员根据街道网络的混乱程度，对各个城市进行了排名，其中布局随机、无序的乡村地区的混乱程度较高，而布局有序的城市则较低。来自网格布局城市的人，比如纽约或芝加哥，在寻路任务上表现较差。而如果来自非人工规划、布局不规整、且街道时而弯曲时而交错的城市，居民在判断方向上几乎与来自乡村地区的人一样出色。在一个道路布局更复杂的地方长大，可能有助于人们提高认路技能。因为走在这些地方的路上，可能需要多转几个弯，时刻掌握方向的转变，以及记住更多街道和地标的样子。另一方面，那些在“街道网络缺乏复杂性”的城市中长大的孩子就没那么幸运，他们的认路能力被削弱了。  （六）Groundwater: Making the Invisible VisibleOne of the essential elements of Earth, water is the prime necessity of life. All living animals and plants can’t exist with no water. Therefore, the proverb says, "Water is life". H_____1_____, with the increasing industrialization(工业化), over-use, and exploitation(开发) of all-natural sources, human life is facing some situations such as serious water shortage. As water is very essential, each year, March 22 is c_____2_____ as World Water Day to raise public awareness about the importance of fresh water and sustainable (可持续) management of this important resource. Let's take a look at this year's theme, h_____3_____, and importance of World Water Day. 'Groundwater: Making The Invisible Visible' is the theme of World Water Day 2022, proposed(提议) by the International Groundwater Resources Assessment Centre (IGRAC).  Officially, the idea of World Water Day was a resolution(决议) adopted(采用) by the UN General Assembly Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in 1992. It was then that the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution stating that every year, March 22 will be marked as World Water Day starting 1993. And since 1993, this day has c_____4_____ as an annual event to increase community awareness about understanding the importance of water conservation(保护). About 99 percent of all liquid freshwater on Earth, groundwater provides societies with a huge number of benefits and o_____5_____. But experts say due to anthropogenic(人为的) hazards(危害), major water depletion(减少) and pollution are now affecting the life and livelihood of billions of people. Life would not be possible w_____6_____ groundwater. Most arid(干旱的) areas of the world depend totally on groundwater. Groundwater supplies a large proportion of the water we use for drinking, sanitation(卫生系统), food production and industrial processes. We must p_____7_____ them from overexploitation and the pollution that currently haunts them, since it can lead to the depletion of this resource, extra-costs of processing it, and sometimes even preventing its use. Exploring, protecting and sustainably using groundwater will be central to surviving and getting used to climate change and meeting the needs of a growing population.   答案：1.However 2.celebrated 3.history 4.continued 5.opportunities 6.without 7.protect  译文：珍惜地下水，珍视隐藏的资源水，是地球重要的元素之一，是生命不可或缺的必需品。没有水，所有动植物都无法存活。 因此，有一句谚语，“水是生命之源”。然而，随着工业化程度日益加深，以及人们对自然资源的过度使用以及开发，人类正面临着一些境况，比如严重的水资源短缺。水很重要，每年3月22日被定为世界水日，旨在让公众意识到淡水以及可持续管理这一重要资源的重要性。让我们了解今年世界水日的主题、其发展历史、以及其重要性。“珍惜地下水，珍视隐藏的资源”是2022年世界水日的主题，该主题由国际地下水资源评估中心提出。1992年，确立世界水日这项决议在联合国环境与发展大会上得到正式通过。然后，联合国大会通过了该项决议，宣布每年3月22日为世界水日，从1993年开始实施。1993年以来，世界水日作为一年一度的节日一直持续至今，旨在提高公众的意识，让人们意识到保护水资源的重要性。地下水约占地球上所有液态淡水的99%，其为人类社会带来了巨大财富和机遇。但是，专家却表示，由于人为破坏，严重的水资源匮乏和水污染现象正在危害着数十亿人的生命和生活。没有地下水，就没有生命。世界上大多数干旱地区完全依赖地下水。我们日常的饮用水、洗漱用水、粮食生产以及工业加工用水几乎都源自地下水。我们必须要保护地下水不被过度开发，并免受目前面临的污染问题，因为这不仅会导致水资源的枯竭，还会增加处理地下水的额外成本，甚至会让我们无水可用。勘探、保护和可持续利用地下水将成为涉及人类生存、适应气候变化以及满足不断增加人口的需求问题的核心。