14-冲刺2022年中考英语首字母填空临考押题(上海专用)

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冲刺2022年中考英语首字母填空临考押题（上海专用）14（一）The return of 'dumbphones'Seventeen-year-old Robin West is a bit special among her peers—she doesn't have a smartphone. Instead of swiping Douyin all day, she uses a so-called "dumbphone". These are basic phones, with very limited functionality compared to an iPhone. You can only make and receive calls and text messages. And, i_____1_____ you are lucky—listen to radio and take basic photos, but definitely(确定) not connect to the Internet or apps. These devices are s_____2_____ to some of the first handsets(手机) that people bought back in the late 1990s. Ms West's decision to give up her former smartphone two years ago was because of the moment thing. While looking for a replacement handset in a second-hand shop she was a_____3_____ by the low price of a "brick phone". "I didn't n_____4_____ until I bought a brick phone how much a smartphone was taking over my life," she says. "I had a lot of social media apps on it, and I didn't get as much work done as I was always on my phone." The Londoner adds that she doesn't think she'll ever buy a_____5_____ smartphone. "I'm happy with my brick—I don't think it limits me. I'm definitely more active." Dumbphones are continuing to be popular. A 2021 study by accountancy group Deloitte(德勤会计师事务) said that one in 10 mobile phone users in the UK had a dumbphone. "It seems fashion, nostalgia(情怀), and them appearing in Douyin videos, have a part to play in the dumbphone revival(再流行)," says a mobile expert. "Many of us had a dumbphone as our first mobile phone, so it's n_____6_____ that we feel a sense of nostalgia towards these classic handsets." One maker of dumbphones is New York company Light Phone. Slightly more clever than the norm for such products, its handsets a_____7_____ users to listen to music and broadcasts, and link by Bluetooth to headphones. Yet the firm promises that its phones "will never have social media, clickbait(标题) news, email, an Internet browser(浏览器)". Light Phone co-founder, Kaiwei Tang, says that, it’s surprising that the firm's main customers are aged between 25 and 35. He says he was expecting buyers to be much older.   答案：1.if 2.similar 3.attracted 4.notice 5.another 6.natural 7.allows  译文：“小灵通”手机回潮十七岁的罗宾·韦斯特在同龄人中有点特别——她没有智能手机。在别人整天刷抖音的时候，她却在用一部所谓的“傻瓜手机”。这种基础款手机，比起苹果手机功能十分有限。你基本上只能用它们来接打电话或者收发短信。如果运气不错，你的手机或许还能听广播，或者有简单的拍照功能，但这种手机根本无法上网或者安装应用软件，就像是上世纪九十年代末人们购买的那种最古早的手机。两年前，韦斯特女士放弃智能手机是一时兴起。当时，她正在二手店物色替换的手机，结果被“砖头手机”的超低价格吸引。“买回砖头手机之后，我才意识到智能手机占据了我生活的多大部分。”她说，“我有太多的社交媒体应用，因为不停刷手机，我根本做不了太多正经事。”这位伦敦人补充说她不会再买智能手机了，“我对我的砖头手机挺满意的。我不认为它限制了我，相反，我变得更为主动了。”非智能手机逐渐再次流行起来。德勤会计师事务所2021年的一份研究称，在英国，每十个用手机的人中就有一个人拥有非智能手机。“似乎时尚、情怀和非智能手机在抖音上的回归，都帮助非智能手机重出江湖。”一位手机专家说。“很多人的第一部手机就是非智能手机，所以我们很自然地就会对经典手机款式有种怀旧之情。”非智能手机的制造商之一是纽约的莱特手机公司。它的产品比古早款式多一些功能，比如可以听音乐或者广播，也能够通过蓝牙连接耳机。但莱特公司保证它们的手机“绝对不会有社交媒体、标题党新闻、邮件、互联网浏览器”。莱特手机的联合创始人，唐凯威说，令他惊讶的是，公司的主要客户的年龄在25到35岁之间。他说自己原以为购买者会更年长一些。  （二）A journey through the historic streetsSpring rolls(春卷) fried in front of your eyes, delicious beer for 50 cents served fresh as you sit on tiny plastic stools, and so many motorbikes cross the road. These are some of the m_____1_____ as I looked back my trips to Vietnam(越南) over the years. It's easy to spend the whole day eating—whether it's warm bowls of pho (越南粉) or cold vermicelli with grilled pork(烤猪肉凉拌粉). But l_____2_____ you can walk the streets lined with colorful shops in the cities or hiking through the green jungles in the mountains. Or you can just accept that holidays are for r_____3_____ and spend your days lying on the beach. Vietnam was overlooked(忽视) as a tourist destination for a long time, but that has c_____4_____ dramatically over recent years (there were 18 million visitors in 2019, compared to just 3.7 million in 2009). The pandemic(流行病) was an unfortunate prevention for a country that had f_____5_____ found the travel fame it deserved, but Vietnam has reopened this month with no need for quarantine(隔离). One of the nice things about visiting Vietnam is that its long and thin geography makes it easy to see the whole country—you just go north from Ho Chi Minh City and then fly out of Hanoi at the end. I would r_____6_____ a two-week trip, which will give you enough time to enjoy all the highlights. A couple of days in Ho Chi Minh City gives you a sense of this frenetic(狂热的) metropolis(大都市), which makes up for a lack of tourist sites with an endless immersion(沉浸) into the energy of local life. Take a food tour or j_____7_____ a local motorbike guide on an exploration of markets and neighborhoods. Fashionable cafes are a sign that the hipster(潮人) gentrification(中产阶级化) has reached Vietnam, but side streets show the tradition.   答案：1.memories 2.luckily 3.relaxing 4.changed 5.finally 6.recommend 7.join  译文：在古街上行走，开启一段旅程亲眼目睹炸春卷的制作过程，坐上塑料小凳，花上50美分就有新鲜可口的桶装啤酒送上。无数摩托车来来往往。这些是我多年来回忆越南之旅时的一些记忆。花一整天的时间吃东西并不是件难事——无论是吃上几碗温热的越南粉，还是吃烤猪肉凉拌粉。但幸运的是，之后可以逛一逛城里的大街小巷，沿街还有五颜六色的商铺；也可以徒步穿越山区郁郁葱葱的丛林来消食；还可以怀着假期就是用来放松的想法，在沙滩上消磨时光。长久以来，越南都是被人们忽视的旅游胜地，但近几年这一局面已得到巨大改善(2019年游客数量达1800万，2009年仅有370万游客)。当越南终于成为了名副其实的旅游胜地之后，却不幸因为疫情陷入了停滞。但越南在本月已重新对外开放，入境后无需隔离。在越南旅游的一个好处在于其狭长的地理特征，不用花费多大力气就能游完整个国家——只需从胡志明市往北游览，最后从河内离境。我建议花两周的时间旅行，这样你就有足够的时间欣赏所有景点了。在胡志明市待上几天，不断地沉浸在当地活力四射的生活中，你就会感受到这个大都市的狂热氛围，弥补了当地缺乏旅游景点的不足之处。来一场美食之旅吧，或者跟随当地的摩托车向导前往各个市场和社区进行探索。时髦的咖啡馆是越南的潮人中产阶级化的标志，但小街小巷中仍透露着传统。  （三）Hear Me RoarAre you a tiger? According to the Chinese Zodiac(生肖), people born in the Year of the Tiger are kind and energetic. That m_____1_____ be true, but those characteristics are not generally related to real tigers. While we admire the handsome animals, we also fear them. But there are lessons everyone can learn from the lives of these amazing cats.Tigers s_____2_____ feed in groups in the wild, but when they do, males allow females and cubs to eat first. In other words, big, strong male(雄性的) tigers wait their turn and think of others before t_____3_____. We, too, should consider the needs of others before we act.Tigers can also teach us how to be strategic(有策略的). These smart animals study a situation before acting. They hardly attack prey(猎物) on sight but will consider their strategy several times, if necessary, before rushing forward.Tigers go after large prey, so they have big ideas. Although they have all their plans, tigers only end up with a meal once out of every 12 attempts(尝试) to catch something. Y_____4_____ they do not give up; they keep trying until they succeed.Most kinds of cats a_____5_____ water, but tigers enjoy water and are very good swimmers. This love of water allows them to live in many different environments including forests, grasslands and mangrove swamps(红树林沼泽). Learn from the tiger, and decide for yourself what you can and cannot do. Try things that others consider impossible. Explore surprising places.Tigers' love of water also allows them to hunt and fight crocodiles. This kind of animals are extremely difficult to kill. Usually, tigers kill by biting the neck of their prey. But a crocodile's neck has a thick coat of armor(盔甲). Tigers are not put off by this. Instead, they c_____6_____ their strategy and attack the creature's weak areas like its stomach or eyes. Like the tiger, don't let difficult situations s_____7_____ you from succeeding. Try more than one method if your usual strategy isn't successful.Tigers are as different as people are. The fur of every tiger has a unique pattern. So be yourself and show off your stripes. Take a few hints(暗示) from the tiger, and let others hear you roar this year.  答案：1.may 2.seldom 3.themselves 4.Yet 5.avoid 6.change 7.stop  译文：听我咆哮你是老虎吗？根据中国的十二生肖，在虎年出生的人是善良和精力充沛的。这可能是真的，但这些特征通常与真正的老虎无关。虽然我们欣赏这些英俊的动物，但我们也害怕它们。但是，每个人都可以从这些神奇的猫的生活中学到一些教训。 在野外，老虎很少成群进食，但当它们成群进食时，雄性会允许雌性和幼崽先进食。换句话说，大而强壮的雄性老虎等待着轮到它们，在自己之前想到别人。在我们采取行动之前，我们也应该考虑到他人的需要。 老虎也可以教我们如何成为战略家手。这些聪明的动物在行动前先研究一种情况。它们几乎不会一看到猎物就攻击，但如果有必要，会在向前冲之前多次考虑它们的策略。老虎会追逐很大的猎物，所以它们会有很大的想法。尽管老虎有种种计划，但它们每12次尝试捕捉一些东西中只吃一顿饭。但他们并没有放弃；他们不断努力，直到成功。 大多数种类的猫都避开水，但老虎喜欢水，游泳能力很强。这种对水的热爱使它们能够生活在许多不同的环境中，包括森林、草原和红树林沼泽。向老虎学习，并为自己决定你能做什么和不能做什么。尝试一些别人认为不可能做的事情。探索令人惊讶的地方。 老虎对水的热爱也使它们能够捕猎和对抗鳄鱼。这种动物很难被杀死。通常，老虎会通过咬住猎物的脖子来杀人。但是鳄鱼的脖子上有一层厚厚的盔甲。老虎不会因此推迟。相反，它们会改变策略，攻击生物的脆弱区域，比如胃或眼睛。就像老虎一样，不要让困难的情况阻止你的成功。如果你通常的策略不成功，请尝试多个方法。 老虎和人一样不同。每只老虎的皮毛都有一个独特的图案。所以，做你自己，炫耀一下你的条纹。接受老虎的一些暗示，让别人听到你的吼声。  （四）Do you know the proverb “no pains, no gains”? It gives the i_____1_____ that we ought to be suffering while we study. It seems that the only way to know if we're putting in enough work is how much hardship we bear. We are totally taken up with study, shutting ourselves away for a big exam. Is that necessarily t_____2_____? When we haven't taken the time to come up with another idea, we just shut ourselves in a room with a book. It's no s_____3_____ that we find revision boring and difficult. Just as children learn from playing, we can learn from doing, or at least from study techniques that interest us, rather than make us switch off. Shutting ourselves away can make us learn to hate studying, leading to a situation where, instead of being able to concentrate on our work, we are troubled by how unfair it is that we must study. This can be part of a vicious(恶性的) cycle that traps us into ineffective revision, or poor progress fueling(增加) further annoyance.Thankfully, working in the company of other people really h_____4_____ fight against that. We just need to learn how to deal with distractions(分心). It’s not necessary to avoid all company, just lazy company. They constantly try to keep others in conversation. While studying in the same room with someone who is ironing or working out is perfectly possible. Of course, it's also a good idea to avoid the company of people i_____5_____ in activities where you would rather be playing than studying. Working while sitting next to someone playing video games is most l_____6_____ to end with a new high score games rather than productive revision.If being around others means working in a noisy environment, a pair of headphones and some background music can block out noise. They also act as a psychological barrier, so that people think twice before interrupting you. B_____7_____, we should know friends and family can reduce feelings of isolation. And connecting with other people makes us happy, so it's important not to give that up and to make sure that we take the time to socialize.  答案：1.impression 2.true3.surprise 4.helps 5.involved 6.likely 7.Besides 译文：你知道“没有痛苦，没有收获”的谚语吗？它给人的印象是，我们在学习时应该受苦。似乎要知道我们是否投入了足够的工作，唯一的方法就是我们承受了多少困难。我们完全开始学习，准备参加一场大型考试。这一定是真的吗？ 当我们没有花时间想出另一个想法，我们只是把自己关在一个房间里拿着一本书。毫不奇怪，我们觉得复习很无聊和困难。就像孩子们从玩耍中学习一样，我们也可以从玩耍中学习，或者至少从我们感兴趣的学习技巧中学习，而不是让我们关闭游戏。把自己关起来会让我们学会讨厌学习，导致这样一种情况：我们不能专注精力工作，而是为我们必须学习是多么不公平而感到困扰。这可能是恶性循环的一部分，使我们陷入无效的复习，或者糟糕的进展助长进一步的烦恼。值得庆幸的是，和其他人一起工作真的有助于对抗这一点。我们只需要学习如何处理干扰。没有必要避免所有的公司，只是懒惰的公司。他们不断地试图与别人交谈。在同一个房间里和熨衣服或锻炼的人一起学习是完全有可能的。当然，避免有人参与那些你宁愿玩而不愿学习的活动也不是一个好主意。坐在玩电子游戏的人旁边工作很可能以新的高分游戏结束，而不是富有成效的复习。 如果和别人在一起意味着在嘈杂的环境中工作，一副耳机和一些背景音乐可以屏蔽噪音。它们也是一种心理障碍，所以人们在打断你之前会三思而后行。此外，我们应该知道，朋友和家人可以减少孤立感。和别人联系会让我们开心，所以重要的是不要放弃，确保我们花时间去社交。  （五）Many cultures have stories of talking trees that give advice as well as warnings to people.New research has found something amazing: it appears that plants can communicate after all.It has been k_____1_____ for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant, say a bean plant, gets attacked by insects. The plant sends out a small number of chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for h_____2_____: "I'm being attacked!" When another bean plant discovers this, it starts to send out its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others a_____3_____ insects—the wasps!The wasps kill the insects that are eating the bean plants. Scientists hope to learn more about his plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow crops in a better way.More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. People can't hear these sounds, but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots. They also "listen" to the noises from other plants. A chilli plant can tell w_____4_____ a neighbouring plant is helpful, or unfriendly. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water.Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can connect nearly every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the "wood wide web". It is in some ways s_____5_____ to the Internet we use. The wood wide web is connected underground by fungi(菌类). This fungi network connects the roots of different plants to each other. Using the wood wide web, plants can s_____6_____ information and even food with each other. But just like our own Internet, the wood wide web has its own problems. Plants can steal food from each other, or attack other plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a "firewall" to help prevent these attacks.Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Who knows? Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to "talk" with them o_____7_____.  答案：1.known 2.help3.attract 4.whether 5.similar 6.share 7.ourselves 译文：许多文化都有说话树的故事，给人们提供建议和警告。 新的研究发现了一些令人惊奇的东西：似乎植物可以交流。 一段时间以来，人们已经知道植物使用化学物质来相互交流。当一种植物，比如一种豆类植物，被昆虫攻击时，就会发生这种情况。这种植物从被食用的叶子中发出少量的化学物质。这就像是一个警告，或一个求助电话：“我被攻击了！”当另一种豆类植物发现这一点时，它就开始发出它自己的、不同的化学物质。其中一些化学物质会把昆虫赶走。还有一些则会吸引昆虫，比如黄蜂！黄蜂会杀死以豆类植物为食的昆虫。科学家们希望更多地了解他的植物预警系统，这样我们就可以用它来更好地种植作物。更令人惊讶的是，植物也会利用声音来进行交流。人们听不到这些声音，但植物正在制造它们。有些植物的根会发出噪音。它们还会“倾听”来自其他植物的噪音。一个辣椒植物可以判断邻近的植物是否是有用或者不友好的。有些树在没有水的时候发出咔哒声。 最令人惊讶的是，植物有一个惊人的通讯系统，几乎可以连接森林中的每一株植物。科学家们称这个系统为“木材万维网”。它在某些方面与我们使用的互联网很相似。木宽腹网由真菌连接在地下。这种真菌网络将不同植物的根相互连接起来。利用木材万维网，植物可以相互分享信息，甚至是食物。但就像我们自己的互联网一样，木万维网也有它自己的问题。植物可以互相偷窃食物，或者攻击其他植物。也许有一天，科学家们将学会如何创建一个“防火墙”来帮助防止这些攻击。 科学家们每天都在更多地了解植物相互交谈的秘密方式。谁知道？也许有一天，我们会对植物的交流有足够的了解，以便能够自己与它们“交谈”。  （六）Jane was from a small village in South Africa. Her family was poor and noodles were their only food. Her parents couldn't a_____1_____ to pay the electricity bill, so she had to study by candle light.What was w_____2_____, to live on, her parents moved to a faraway village with other four children. As for Jane, she didn't want to give up learning and she d_____3_____ of entering a famous university. She stuck to living alone in her village.After Jane's parents left, she lived a difficult life. Having no place to live in, the homeless girl had to sleep on the back seat of the school bus. L_____4, Mrs. Brown, a school bus driver, learnt about Jane's situation and invited Jane to live with her family. Soon, Jane found a job in her school. She helped in the school kitchen from 6:00 am to 7: 40 am before the first school bell rang. She also swept floor and picked up rubbish in the afternoons. With the money she got from the work, she p_____5_____ for her education. And she stayed up late in the evenings studying for all kinds of exams day after day.Jane's hard work made a d_____6_____ to her life. She finished high school in Cape Town and was accepted by Harvard, one of the most famous universities in the world, with full scholarship(奖学金). The 18-year-old girl s_____7_____ the world．  答案：1.afford 2.worse 3.dreamed 4.Luckily5.paid 6.difference 7.surprised  译文：简来自南非的一个小村庄。她的家庭很穷，而面条是他们唯一的食物。她的父母付不起电费，所以她不得不靠烛光学习。 更糟糕的是，为了继续生存，她的父母和其他四个孩子搬到了一个遥远的村庄。至于简，她不想放弃学习，她梦想着进入一所著名的大学。她坚持独自住在村子里。简的父母离开后，她过着艰难的生活。由于没有住处，这个无家可归的女孩不得不睡在校车的后座上。幸运的是，太太。布朗是一名校车司机，他了解了简的情况，并邀请简和家人住在一起。不久，简在学校里找到了一份工作。早上6点到7点40分，她在学校厨房帮忙，直到学校的第一个铃响了。她还在下午打扫地板和捡垃圾。她用从工作中得到的钱支付了教育费用。她在晚上熬夜，日复一日地学习各种考试。 简的辛勤工作改变了她的生活。她在开普敦完成了高中学业，并被哈佛大学，世界上最著名的大学之一全额奖学金录取。这个18岁的女孩出乎世界的意料。