16-冲刺2022年中考英语首字母填空临考押题(上海专用)

这是一份16-冲刺2022年中考英语首字母填空临考押题(上海专用)，共12页。试卷主要包含了thugh 2等内容，欢迎下载使用。
We ften find that weekends and hlidays feel s shrt while classes and wrk feel s lng. Actually, t_____1_____, we knw that this is nt true. But we still wnder where that strange feeling cmes frm.
In fact, this is ne f the ways that we’re tricked(欺骗) by time, accrding t the website. All that is interesting. The website lists several w_____2_____ impressins we ften have abut time. Let’s have a lk.
First f all, emtins affect ur time-keeping abilities. Negative emtins, especially anxiety and bredm, make time seem lnger because they make us cncentrate(全神贯注) mre n the passage f time. Hwever, when we are enjying urselves, we pay mre attentin t what we are ding and are likely t lse track f(失去对…的意识) time.
Here is anther e_____3_____. In 2007, a grup f scientists carried ut a test. In the test, peple fell 50 meters int a safety net and were then asked abut their experience. Althugh the experience tk shrter than 3 secnds, the peple thught it was m_____4_____ lnger than it actually was.
This is because f the way ur bdies reply t danger, accrding t the scientists. Our bdies prduce a chemical called adrenaline(肾上腺素) when we are faced with danger. It allws us t cncentrate better s that we can stay a_____5_____. As a result, we are able t remember far mre details ver a shrt perid f time, which makes it seem like time is ging mre slwly.
Anther situatin when we make m_____6_____ abut time is when we take afternn naps. Have yu ever had truble telling what time it is after a lng nap? That’s because the best amunt f time fr a nap is 20 minutes. After 20 minutes, yu enter a new stage f sleep called slw-wave sleep. If yu wake up mid-way in this stage, it will take a while befre yu can crrectly perceive(感知) time again.
Yes, time can be mysterius and there is n way t c_____7_____ it. S, perhaps the best thing t d is t make gd use f every minute.
答案：
1.thugh 2.wrng 3.example 4.much 5.alive 6.mistakes 7.cntrl
译文：
我们经常发现周末和假期觉得很短，而上课和工作感觉很长。但实际上，我们知道这不是真的。但我们仍然想知道，这种奇怪的感觉从何而来。
事实上，根据该网站的说法，这是我们被时间欺骗的方式之一。所有这些都很有趣。该网站列出了一些我们经常对时间留下的错误印象。让我们看看。
首先，情绪会影响我们的计时能力。负面情绪，尤其是焦虑和无聊，会让时间看起来更长，因为它们会让我们更专注于时间的流逝。然而，当我们享受自己的时候，我们会更关注我们在做什么，很可能会失去追踪时间。
这是另一个例子。2007年，一组科学家进行了一次测试。在测试中，人们掉进了50米高的安全网里，然后被问及他们的经历。虽然体验时间不到3秒，但人们认为它比实际时间要长得多。
科学家们认为，这是因为我们的身体对危险的反应方式。当我们面临危险时，我们的身体会产生一种叫做肾上腺素的化学物质。它能让我们更好地集中注意力，以便我们能够继续活着。因此，我们能够在短时间内记住更多的细节，这使得时间看起来更慢了。
另一种我们在时间上犯错误的情况是下午午睡。你有没有说不知道小睡后是什么时候？那是因为最好的午睡时间是20分钟。20分钟后，你就进入了一个新的睡眠阶段，称为慢波睡眠。如果你在这个阶段的中途醒来，你还需要一段时间才能再次正确地感知。
是的，时间可能是神秘的，而且没有办法去控制它。所以，也许最好的办法就是充分利用每一分钟。
（二）
Qian Xuesen was brn in Shanghai n December 11th, 1911. He is knwn as “the father f China’s space prgram” and “the king f the rcket”.
When he was 24 years ld, Qian went t America fr further study. After graduatin, he wrked in America fr a few years, where his wrking cnditins were b_____1_____. In the early 1950s, he heard New China had been funded and decided nt t stay in America any lnger. He succeeded in cming back t his mtherland in 1955 thugh the American gvernment tried t s_____2_____ him.
In 1956, Qian Xuesen suggested setting up a special rganizatin, which l_____3_____ became the leading rganizatin fr China’s rcket and air travel prgrams. In June 1964, China successfully created its first medium rcket. Qian als played an i_____4_____ rle in develping China’s first man-made satellite. On April 24, 1970, “Dngfanghng-1” was successfully sent int the air.
In 1964, a yung man wrte Qian Xuesen a letter and pinted ut a mistake in his published article. Qian immediately answered the letter and e_____5_____ the yung man t write an article abut the mistake.
Zhu Yilin, wh was said t be the last student f Qian Xuesen, nce said, “I learned a lt f prfessinal knwledge as well as the spirit and a_____6_____ that a scientist shuld have frm Mr. Qian, especially his deep lve fr the mtherland. Withut that, he culdn’t have helped t develp science and technlgy when new China was badly in need f scientists fr its develpment. Withut that, he wuld nt have made the g_____7_____ cntributin(贡献) t rcket industry in the late 1950s and nearly 1960s when cnditins in China were t hard.”
答案：
1.better 2.stp 3.later 4.imprtant 5.encuraged 6.attitude 7.great
译文：
钱学森于1911年12月11日出生于上海。他被称为“中国太空计划之父”和“火箭之王”。
24岁时，钱去了美国继续深造。毕业后，他在美国工作了几年，在那里他的工作条件更好。20世纪50年代初，他听说新中国成立，决定不再留在美国。1955年，尽管美国政府试图阻止他，但他还是成功地回到了祖国。
1956年，钱学森建议建立一个专门的组织，它后来成为中国火箭和航空旅行项目的领导组织。1964年6月，中国成功地研制出了第一枚中型火箭。钱先生在开发中国第一颗人造卫星方面也发挥了重要作用。1970年4月24日，“东风1号”成功发射升空。
1964年，一个年轻人给钱学森写了一封信，并在他发表的文章中指出了一个错误。钱立即回复了这封信，并鼓励这个年轻人写了一篇关于这个错误的文章。
朱宜林据说是钱学森的最后一个学生，他曾经说过：“我从钱先生那里学到了很多专业知识，以及科学家应该具备的精神和态度，尤其是他对祖国的深厚热爱。”没有这些，在新中国急需科学家的时候，他不无法帮助发展科学技术。如果没有这些，他就不会在20世纪50年代末和近60年代为中国困难的火箭工业做出巨大的贡献。”
（三）
Studies have shwn that when students jin in team sprts, their verall educatinal experience is greatly i_____1_____. In fact, n matter they are gd at sprts r nt, there are still benefits t be gt frm playing team sprts! Here are fur lessns team sprts can teach students.
Have a Bigger Picture
At sme pint in life, everyne ges thrugh challenges. Peple may think that the chices they make _____2_____ affect themselves, but as it turns ut, that simply isn't true! Team sprts teach students abut friendship and a sense f belnging t smething bigger than themselves. When they play sprts n a team, they quickly learn that every chice they make has an influence n their teammates and their ppnents(对手)!
Be Decisive
Making chices can _____3_____ be difficult fr many peple since they ften ver-cmplicate(过度复杂化) very simple decisins. Playing team sprts gets students t reasn and cme t a decisin faster than they might in their day-t-day life. And then, making quick decisins can help students develp a sense f self-cnfidence.
N_____4_____ Give Up
It's always exciting t win in life, but smetimes the greater lessns cme frm lsses in team sprts games. T deal with thse lsses, students shuld accept them peacefully, mve n and try again! Team sprts teach students that great cmebacks d happen and a lss isn’t final i_____5_____ they refuse t give up!
Put Others First
Perhaps the mst imprtant lessn that team sprts can teach students is hw t put thers first in difficult situatins. Smetimes, they may have t be ready fr being secnd-best fr the greater gd, b_____6_____ there is ften mre at play than they can see at first. Smetimes the mst pleasant chice students can make is the ne t help thers even when it is incnvenient. Learning self-sacrifice(自我奉献) is a lessn that students will certainly carry thrughut the curse f their life!
Students dn't have t be athletic(运动的) t s_____7_____ at sprts, and there are cuntless benefits f team sprts fr them.
答案：
1.imprved 2.nly 3.ften 4.Never 5.if 6.because 7.succeed
译文：
研究表明，当学生参加团队运动时，他们的整体教育体验会大大提高。事实上，无论他们是否擅长体育运动，参加团队运动仍然有好处！以下是团队运动可以教学生的四课程。
有一个更大的格局
在人生的某个时刻，每个人都会经历挑战。人们可能会认为他们所做的选择只会影响他们自己，但事实证明，这根本不是真的！团队运动教会学生友谊和比自己更重要的归属感。当他们在一个团队中进行运动时，他们很快了解到他们所做的每一个选择都对他们的队友和对手都有影响！
坚定不移
对许多人来说，做出选择往往很困难，因为他们往往过于复杂非常简单的决定。参加团队运动能让学生们比日常生活更快地做出决定。然后，快速做出决定可以帮助学生培养一种自信感。
永远不要放弃
在生活中获胜总是令人兴奋的，但有时更大的教训来自于在团队运动比赛中的失败。为了应对这些损失，学生们应该和平地接受它们，继续前进，再试一次！团队运动告诉学生们，伟大的回归确实会发生，如果他们拒绝放弃，失败永远不是最终的！
把别人放在第一位
也许团队运动可以教给学生的最重要的教训是如何在困难的情况下把别人放在第一位。有时，他们可能不得不为更大的利益做好成为第二名的准备，因为参与比赛的内容往往比他们一开始看到的要多。有时，学生能做的最愉快的选择是帮助别人，即使不方便。学习自我牺牲是学生们一生中肯定要上的一课！ 学生不需要做运动才能在运动上取得成功，团队运动对他们来说有无数的好处。
（四）
Plant Anything
A gd friend f mine, Miriam, was ging away n a lng trip during the autumn. I called her the day befre she wuld leave fr the trip t wish her have a gd trip. She was cmpletely behind n everything she needed t d. She was a little w_____1_____. “I bught sme wnderful crms(球茎) t plant fr next spring. But nw I have n time t deal with them,” she said.
I always plant many seeds in March and by June enjy the sweet smell e_____2_____. I just can’t bear the thught f a plant nt getting a chance t grw. “I’ll plant them fr yu,” I tld her.
“Oh, wuld yu?” Miriam was e_____3_____. She prmised t put them ut n the prch(走廊) fr me.
I arrived several days later and fund a paper bag n the prch. After a lt f wrk, I planted all the crms in the perfect place.
When Miriam gt back a few mnths later, she and I went ut fr dinner t celebrate her return. While eating, she said, “Yu knw, I still can’t believe I f_____4_____ t put thse crms ut n the prch!”
I lked at her in s_____5_____. “What d yu mean? Of curse, yu put them ut. They were sitting n the prch in a paper bag.”
“N,” she said, “They’re still sitting n the desk where I left them.”
“S, what did I plant that mrning?” I asked.
She stpped as if t prepare me fr her news. Then she slwly said, “That was cat pp(猫屎). Yu planted cat pp.”
Miriam lked at my face and did the best t keep frm l_____6_____. But I was t busy replaying the pictures f me picking these cat pp frm a paper bag and planting them.
Years have passed since then, and bth ur gardens and ur f_____7_____ have cntinued t grw. I guess, I really will try t plant just abut anything.
答案：
1.wrried 2.everywhere 3.excited 4.frgt 5.surprise 6.laughing 7.friendship
译文：
种植任何东西
我的一个好朋友，米里亚姆，在秋天要去做一次长途旅行。在她出发去旅行的前一天，我打了电话给她，希望她旅途愉快。她对所有她需要做的事情都完全落后了。她有点担心。“我买了一些很棒的球茎，为明年春天种植。但现在我没有时间去处理他们了。”
我总是在三月种许多种子，到六月，到处享受香味。我就是无法忍受一种植物没有生长的机会。“我就给你种上它们的，”我对她说。
“哦，你愿意吗？”米里亚姆很兴奋。她答应为我把它们放在门廊上。
几天后我到达，在门廊上发现了一个纸袋。经过大量的工作，我把所有的球茎都种在了一个完美的地方。
几个月后，米里亚姆回来了，她和我出去吃饭庆祝她的回来。吃着，她说：“你知道，我还是不敢相信我忘了把球茎放在门廊上！”
我惊讶地看着她。“你是什么意思？”当然了，你已经把它们放出去了。他们坐在纸袋里坐在门廊上。”
“不，”她说，“它们还坐在我留下它们的桌子上。”
“那么，那天早上我种了什么呢？”我问了一下。
她停下来了，好像在为我准备她的消息。然后她慢慢地说：“那是猫的粪便。”你种了猫屎。”
米里亚姆看着我的脸，尽量不去笑。但我正忙着回放我从纸袋里捡起这些猫便并种植的照片。
从那以后，我们的花园和友谊都在继续发展。我想，我真的会尝试种植任何东西。
（五）
Sme peple think pen is small, needless t say. They think pen isn’t useful, e_____1_____ in the mdern life. But what are yu hlding in yur hand while yu are taking the examinatins in yur classrm? Right. A pen.
It is thrugh the pen that ur m_____2_____ can be recrded and passed n. That is why we have been able t knw ur histry. The pen has changed the histry, imprved the trade f cuntries, recrded events, carried news, and dne far mre wrk fr human beings than all ther tls. The mment ur pen scratches n the paper, it seems as if ur thughts are flating like a bat, traveling n an unending jurney arund a much mre clrful wrld.
Prgress withut it wuld have been almst i_____3_____. The inventin f the wheel, the intrductin f steam engine, the use f electricity, all these have changed the lives f millins f peple, but the pen has dne mre. It has taken away muntains, and it has prepared the way fr all prgress and d_____4_____ f the sciety.
In the past the pen did all the wrk if peple wanted t k_____5_____ any writing fr sme time. The lawyers tk up their pens and wrte the law f the cuntry frm the days when papyrus(纸莎草纸) was first used. The mst famus letters in the wrld were written with a pen. It was with a pen that the greatest thinkers f all time wrte dwn their thughts.
The pen is very utilitarian(实用的). We cannt sign a bill r write a letter r buy a huse withut ur pen. An agreement is wrthless till ur name is written with a pen. The writers e_____6_____ the wrld with it. The students take their examinatins with it as well.
Our cming int the wrld is recrded with a pen. Befre we have been at schl, ur name is written n the name list with a pen. We cannt be married till we have signed. A pen recrds the imprtant events in ur life.
Let us remember that we hld in ur hand the mst pwerful instrument which man wns. The pen is a magic tl. While the lazy are trying hard t a_____7_____ the truble f using the pen, the wise can hardly wait t make the best use f it t create a jyful and meaningful life. S whenever yu use it, please enjy it.
答案：
1.especially 2.messages 3.impssible 4.develpment 5.keep 6.encurage 7.avid
译文：
不用说，有人认为笔很小。他们认为钢笔没有用处，尤其是在现代生活中。但是，当你在课堂上参加考试时，你手里拿着什么呢？对，一支笔。
正是通过笔，我们的信息才可以被记录和传递下去。这就是为什么我们能够了解我们的历史。钢笔已经改变了历史，改进了国家的贸易、记录事件的发生、传播新闻、为人类做的工作比其他工具多得多。当我们的笔在纸上划痕的那一刻，我们的思想似乎就像一艘船一样漂浮着，在一个更丰富多彩的世界里进行着一段无尽的旅程。
如果没有它，取得进展几乎是不可能的。轮子的发明，蒸汽机的引进，电力的使用，所有这些都改变了数百万人的生活，但笔做得更多。它带走了群山，为社会的一切进步和发展开辟了道路。
在过去，如果人们想保留任何文字一段时间，笔做所有的工作。从纸莎草纸首次使用开始，律师们就拿起笔写了这个国家的法律。世界上最著名的字母都是用钢笔写成的。有史以来最伟大的思想家都是用笔写下了他们的思想。
这支笔很实用。没有笔，我们不能签账单、写信或买房子。在我们的名字用笔写出来之前，一个协议是毫无价值的。作者们用它来鼓励整个世界。学生们也要和它一起参加考试。
我们进入这个世界是用笔记录下来的。在我们上学之前，我们的名字就会用笔写在名单上。我们在签字之前就不能结婚了。钢笔记录了我们生活中的重要事件。
让我们记住，我们手里握着人类所拥有的最强大的乐器。这支笔是一种魔法工具。当懒人努力避免使用这笔的麻烦时，智者却迫不及待地想充分利用它来创造一个快乐和有意义的生活。所以无论何时你使用它，请享受它。
（六）
On January 15, 2009, the crew f US Airways Flight 1549 experienced a never-in-a-lifetime event. Less than tw minutes after takeff, sme birds fund their way int the airplane’s tw engines and brught them t a sudden stp. Over the next three and a half minutes, the crew m_____1_____ t find the prblem, decide what t d abut it, and make the mst successful emergency landing in aviatin(航空) histry.
We all experience s_____2_____ mments. Earthquakes, medical emergencies— whatever the situatin, the first thing yu prbably d is scare. Everybdy des. While many f us think that we’re cl in a crisis(危机), science tells us that we seldm are. At the mment we need t be aware f ur surrundings, but ur a_____3_____ ges t the scariest thing n the scene, leaving us unaware f the ther sights, sunds, and even smells arund us. At the mment, we’re anything but at ur best.
These nrmal human reactins can be reversed(逆转). Fr example, firefighters are taught hw t bring dwn their bld pressure and heart rates quickly. Bx breathing, belly breathing—yu can learn these techniques in minutes. Once yu calm dwn, yu’ll exactly find ut what the prblem is really abut. Lack f practice always causes us t judge prblems in w_____4_____ ways. Ding the thinking ahead f time als helps yu fire ff the slutin when it’s shw time. This is why yu are advised t find the clsest e_____5_____ befre the flight.
Perfrming in a crisis is becming mre imprtant fr all f us fr tw reasns. Back in the gd ld days, the dependability(可靠性) f mst anything we used r did was far less than it is tday. Nw think abut what happens t ur preparedness as the prbability f smething bad happening reduces. U_____6_____ we practice what hardly ever happens, ur ability t respnd when it des happen desn’t seem t wrk. Als, as ur life becmes better, the systems we use tday are mre cmplex. There are seldm mving parts in clear view that allw us t see when things are abut t g wrng. S terrible situatins can “cme ut f nwhere”.
As technlgy becmes part f mst everything, and as nce-large risks break int cuntless small nes, crisis situatins m_____7_____ becme standard events. We shuld all learn t breathe, recgnize the situatin, and carry ut the plan that we are smart enugh t prepare well in advance.
答案：
1.managed 2.similar 3.attentin 4.wrng 5.exit 6.Unless 7.may
译文：
2009年1月15日，全美航空公司1549号航班的机组人员经历了一场一生从未有过的事件。起飞后不到两分钟，一些鸟进入了飞机的两个引擎，突然停了下来。在接下来的三分钟半钟里，机组人员设法发现了问题，决定如何处理，并进行了航空历史上最成功的紧急着陆。
我们都经历过类似的时刻。地震，医疗紧急情况——无论情况如何，你要做的第一件事可能就是害怕。每个人都这样做。虽然我们中的许多人都认为我们在危机中很沉着，但科学告诉我们，我们很少会很沉着。目前我们需要意识到周围的环境，但我们的注意力转移到现场最可怕的事情上，让我们不知道周围的其他景象、声音，甚至气味。目前，我们绝不处于最佳状态。
这些正常的人类反应可以被逆转。例如，消防队员被教导如何快速降低血压和心率。盒子呼吸，腹部呼吸——你可以在几分钟内学习这些技巧。一旦你冷静下来，你就会知道问题到底所在。缺乏实践总是使我们以错误的方式判断问题。提前思考问题也可以帮助你在展示时间的时候找到解决方案。这就是为什么我们建议你在飞行前找到最近的出口。
在危机中的表现对我们所有人来说都变得越来越重要，原因有二。在过去的好日子里，我们使用或做的任何东西的可靠性远低于今天。现在想想看，当不良事情发生的可能性降低时，我们的准备工作会发生什么。除非我们练习几乎没有发生过的事情，否则当它真的发生时，我们做出反应的能力似乎不起作用。此外，随着我们的生活变得更好，我们今天使用的系统也会更加复杂。在清晰的视野中，很少有移动的部分能让我们看到什么时候事情会出错。所以可怕的情况可能会“突然冒出来”。
随着技术成为大多数一切事物的一部分，以及曾经巨大的风险侵入无数的小风险，危机情况可能成为标准事件。我们都应该学会呼吸，认识到形势，并执行我们足够聪明地提前准备的计划。