专题09 首字母填空（三） 冲刺2022年中考英语重难题型好题集锦（上海专用）

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专题09 首字母填空（三）

（一）（2022·上海嘉定·二模）
Do you have a vegetable garden? Have you ever w___15___ a seed sprout (发芽) and grow and fruit until it became the tomato on your plate? If you go to school in the US, there’s a good chance you have.
At the moment, nearly 20 percent of schools in the US have vegetable gardens that are planted and cared for by students. Later, even more schools will have gardens and more US kids will know the p___16___ of growing food in their school vegetable gardens.
Much of the growing interest in planting comes from a project called “Let’s Move”. The government wants to i___17___ children’s nutrition (营养) in the US — and they began the project by planting gardens with the help of some local kids. The kids were more i___18___ in eating vegetables from their garden than in eating fast food.
Because so many US kids eat breakfast and lunch at school, the food should be healthy and good. Why not let kids grow the food for their o___19___ cafeterias (食堂)? The government’s plan gives money to schools to start their gardens, and more school gardens are sprouting up every day.
Students also use the k___20___ from their gardens to study science and math, and they paint pictures of their gardens in art class. Many students choose to work in the garden instead of playing on the playground during their noon b___21___. Sound like fun? Ask your teacher if there’s room for a garden at your school, too.
【答案】15．(w)atched
16．(p)leasure
17．(i)mprove
18．(i)nterested
19．(o)wn
20．(k)nowledge
21．(b)reak
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲了在美国近20%的学校有学生种植管理的菜园，这样学生们不仅能吃到健康的食物，还能通过菜园学习很多知识。
15．
句意：你曾经观察过一粒种子发芽、生长、结果，一直到它变成你盘里的番茄吗？根据“Have you ever w…a seed sprout and grow and fruit…”可知，此处指观察种子的生长过程，且此句为现在完成时态Have…done…。watch“观察”，其过去分词形式为watched。故填(w)atched。
16．
句意：后来，更多的学校将会有菜园，更多的美国孩子将知道在他们学校菜园种植食物的乐趣。根据“…more schools will have gardens and more US kids will know the p…of growing food in their school vegetable gardens.”可知，此处指孩子们可以体会到种菜的“乐趣”pleasure，the+名词+of表示“……的……”，故填(p)leasure。
17．
句意：政府想改善美国孩子们的营养——他们在一些当地孩子的帮助下开始种植园项目。根据“Because so many US kids eat breakfast and lunch at school, the food should be healthy and good.”可知，此处指政府想改善孩子们的营养，improve“改善，提高”，want to do sth.“想做某事”，故填(i)mprove。
18．
句意：与吃快餐相比，孩子们更喜欢吃他们菜园的蔬菜。be interested in doing sth.“对做某事感兴趣”，根据“…more…than…”可知，此句为形容词interested的比较级句型，指更感兴趣的。故填(i)nterested。
19．
句意：为什么不让孩子们为他们自己的食堂种植食物呢？根据“their o…cafeterias”可知，此处表示他们自己的食堂，own“自己的”形容词修饰名词cafeterias。故填(o)wn。
20．
句意：学生们还利用他们菜园中的知识来学习科学和数学，而且他们在美术课上画他们的菜园。根据“to study science and math”可知，学习科学和数学，应是利用来自菜园的知识，knowledge“知识”名词作宾语。故填(k)nowledge。
21．
句意：许多学生在中午休息期间，选择在菜园里工作，而不是在操场上玩。 根据“playing on the playground”可知，学生在操场上玩，应是在休息的时间，故此处为break。故填(b)reak。


（二）（2022·上海黄浦·一模）
If you had to describe yourself to someone else, what would you say? It can be difficult to see yourself from the o____78____, but being aware of who you are can help you understand emotions and strengthen friendships.
Self-awareness means tuning into your thoughts, feelings and behaviour, and understanding how they can a____79____other people. If you’re self-aware, you may know that you love playing an instrument because you’re good at it, and music makes you happy. Dr Tasha Eurich describes self-awareness as “an ability” to see ourselves c____80____, to understand who we are, how others see us, and how we fit into the world.
Knowing what you like and dislike, what you’re good at and what you find difficult a____81____ you to make better decisions about friendships, schoolwork and even which films to watch. You learn to trust your own feelings more, which builds c____82____. The world Health Organisation says self-awareness is one of 10 important life s____83____ that help young people lead happier, healthier lives. Being self-aware doesn’t mean only thinking of yourself. By understanding your own feelings, you have more respect for other people too.
A good way to learn about anything is to ask questions. Dr. Eurich s____84____ asking yourself questions that start with “What” instead of “Why”. So if you don’t understand why you keep arguing with a friend, ask yourself what you disagree instead of why you’re arguing.
【答案】78．(o)utside
79．(a)ffect
80．(c)learly
81．(a)llow
82．(c)onfidence
83．(s)kills
84．(s)uggests
【解析】
【分析】
本文主要介绍了自我意识的概念以及拥有自我意识的重要性。
78．
句意：从外部看自己可能很难，但了解自己可以帮助你理解情绪，增进友谊。but表示转折，根据“but being aware of who you are can help you understand emotions and strengthen friendships.”以及结合首字母o可知，此处指“从外面”。故填(o)utside。
79．
句意：自我意识意味着调整你的想法、感受和行为，并理解它们如何影响他人。根据“…other people”以及结合首字母a可知，此处指“影响他人”。故填(a)ffect。
80．
句意：Tasha Eurich博士将自我意识描述为清楚地认识自己的能力，了解我们是谁，别人如何看待我们，以及我们如何融入这个世界。根据“see ourselves…”可知，此空需要填一个副词修饰动词see，结合单词首字母c可知，应该是clearly“清楚地”。故填(c)learly。
81．
句意：知道你喜欢什么，不喜欢什么，你擅长什么，你发现什么困难，让你在友谊，学业，甚至是看什么电影上做出更好的决定。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”。故填(a)llow。
82．
句意：你要学会更多地相信自己的感觉，这样才能建立信心。根据“You learn to trust your own feelings more,”可知，更多地相信自己的感觉可以建立信心。故填(c)onfidence。
83．
句意：世界卫生组织表示，自我意识是帮助年轻人过上更幸福、更健康生活的十大重要生活技能之一。根据“self-awareness”及结合首字母s可知，自我意识是一项生活技能。skill“技能”，one of后接可数名词复数。故填(s)kills。
84．
句意：Eurich建议用“什么”而不是“为什么”开始问自己问题。根据“A good way to learn about anything is to ask questions.”以及“asking yourself questions that start with “What” instead of “Why””可知，这是Eurich的建议，suggest“建议”，本文时态为一般现在时，主语Eurich为第三人称单数，故填(s)uggests。

（三）
Li Wen is a normal 15-year-old boy who works hard in school and gets good grades. It is hard to b____85____ that he used to be a “problem child” until a conversation with his parents influenced his way of thinking. Li Wen lives in the Sichuan countryside. As a small child, he seldom gave his parents any problems, and they were proud of him. H____86____, after his parents moved to Guangzhou to work, the boy’s life became more difficult. He had to move in with his grandmother.
Li Wen began to cause problems for himself and his family. He was no longer interested in studying. He was o____87____ absent from classes, and he failed his examinations. Finally, his parents made a decision to send him to a boarding school. Li Wen no longer lived with his grandmother. He studied, ate and s____88____ at the school, and he hated it. There were so many rules, and he used to keep breaking them. One day, he told his teacher he wanted to leave the school. Even the teacher agreed that Li Wen was wasting his time.
The head teacher advised his parents to talk with their son in person. His parents took a 40-hour train ride and a five-hour b____89____ ride to go back to their hometown. To Li Wen’s surprise, their conversation changed his life. “It was exactly what I needed,” he said. “My parents helped me to u____90____ how much they had given me. They also told me that even though they couldn’t be there to take care of me, they were always thinking of me and would take pride in everything good that I did. That’s when I decided to change. I realized that since my parents moved away, I’ve been afraid of being a____91____, and have tried to make my parents pay more attention to me.”
Now Li Wen has really changed. He has been working hard and is now one of the best students in his class. His parents’ love has made him feel good about himself. “It’s very important for parents to be there for their children,” Li Wen says.
【答案】85．(b)elieve
86．(H)owever
87．(o)ften
88．(s)lept
89．(b)us
90．(u)nderstand
91．(a)lone
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了李闻通过和父母的谈话由一个“问题儿童”变成了一个品学兼优的好学生的故事。
85．
句意：很难相信他曾经是一个“问题儿童”，直到与父母的谈话影响了他的思维方式。根据空后的“he used to be a “problem child”可知，应该是很难相信他曾经是一个“问题儿童”，由空前的“to”可知，应该填的是动词原形believe“相信”，故填(b)elieve。
86．
句意：然而，在他的父母搬到广州工作之后，男孩的生活变得很艰难。根据前文的“As a small child, he seldom gave his parents any problems, and they were proud of him”和后文的“after his parents moved to Guangzhou to work, the boy’s life became more difficult”可知，前后是转折关系，用however“然而”，首字母大写，故填(H)owever。
87．
句意：他经常逃课。根据前文的“He was no longer interested in studying”并结合所给首字母可知，应该是他经常逃课，often意为“经常”，故填(o)ften。
88．
句意：他在学校学习，吃饭和睡觉。根据前文的“his parents made a decision to send him to a boarding school”可知，应该是在学校学习，吃饭和睡觉，时态是一般过去时，用sleep“睡觉”的过去式slept，故填(s)lept。
89．
句意：他的父母坐了40个小时的火车和5个小时的公共汽车回到他们的家乡。根据前文的“took a 40-hour train ride and a five-hour”并结合所给单词首字母可知，应该是5个小时的公共汽车的车程，bus意为“公共汽车”，故填(b)us。
90．
句意：我的父母帮助我了解他们给了我多少。根据空前的“My parents helped me to”和空后的“how much they had given me”并结合所给单词首字母可知，应该是我的父母帮助我了解他们给了我多少，由空前的“to”可知，应该填动词原形understand“理解”，故填(u)nderstand。
91．
句意：我一直害怕孤独。根据前文的“I realized that since my parents moved away”和后文的“and have tried to make my parents pay more attention to me”并结合所给单词首字母可知，应该是“我”一直害怕孤独，形容词alone意为“孤独的”，故填(a)lone。


（四）（2021·上海黄浦·二模）
One day Sam and Jerry were going home from school. When on turning a corner, Sam cried out, “A fight! Let us go and see!”
“No,” said Jerry, “let us go quietly home! We have nothing to do with it and may get into t____148____. ”
“You are a coward (胆小鬼) and afraid to go,” said Sam, and off he ran.
Jerry went s____149____ home, and in the afternoon went to school as usual. But Sam had told all the boys that Jerry was a coward, and they laughed at him a lot. Jerry had learned that sometimes it’s unnecessary to a____150____ with others and that he ought to be afraid of nothing but doing wrong.
A few days later, Sam was swimming with some schoolmates and suddenly he felt a sharp pain in the leg. He struggled and screamed for help, but there was no r____151____. The boys who had called Jerry a coward got out of the water as fast as they could, but they did not even try to help him.
Sam was fast sinking when Jerry threw off his clothes and sprang into the water. He r____152____ Sam just as he was sinking the last time. With great e____153____ and with much danger to himself, he brought Sam to the shore and thus saved his life.
Sam and his schoolmates were s____154____ to call Jerry a coward. They finally realized that he was braver than any of them. Never be afraid to do good, but always fear to do evil.
【答案】148．(t)rouble
149．(s)traight
150．(a)rgue
151．(r)esponse##(r)eply
152．(e)ached
153．(e)ffort
154．(s)orry
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了萨姆和杰里在上学路上发生的一件事。
148．
句意：我们与此事毫无关系，可能会惹上麻烦的。get into trouble陷入困境、惹上麻烦，固定短语。故填(t)rouble。
149．
句意：杰里直接回家了，下午像往常一样去了学校。分析句子成分结构可知，此处应填副词修饰动词went。结合首字母提示可知，此处应填 straight，表示“直接地”符合语境；go straight home直接回家 。故填(s)traight。
150．
句意：杰里已经明白了有时候和别人争论是没有必要的，他只应该害怕做错事。根据上文“But Sam had told all the boys that Jerry was a coward, and they laughed at him a lot.” 及结合首字母提示可知，但是萨姆告诉所有的男孩杰里是个胆小鬼，他们经常嘲笑他。此处使用argue，表示“争论”符合语境；argue with sb. 和某人争论，固定短语。故填(a)rgue。
151．
句意：他挣扎着呼救，但没有回应。根据下文“he boys who had called Jerry a coward got out of the water as fast as they could, but they did not even try to help him.”可知，那些称杰里为胆小鬼的孩子们尽快地从水里出来了，但他们甚至没有试着去帮助他。此处填response表示“回应/回复”，符合语境。故填 (r)esponse/(r)eply。
152．
句意：当他最后一次下沉时，他到达了萨姆身边。到达：reach，这是讲述过去发生的事情，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词使用过去式，reach的过去式是reached。故填(r)eached。
153．
句意：他费了很大的劲，冒着很大的危险把萨姆拉到岸边，救了他的命。 with great effort全力以赴，用尽全力；故填(e)ffort。
154．
句意：萨姆和他的同学都为曾经把杰里称为胆小鬼而感到抱歉。根据下文“They finally realized that he was braver than any of them.”及结合上文Sam的所作所为可知，他们终于意识到，他比他们任何一个人都勇敢。由此可推断萨姆和他的同学都为把杰里称为胆小鬼而感到抱歉抱歉：sorry，形容词；be sorry to对……感到抱歉，固定短语。故填(s)orry。


（五）（2021·上海闵行·二模）
Stomach flu is a common disease. It spreads easily, which makes it hard to avoid. That’s e____155____ true if someone in your family has it. Stomach flu is caused by a virus, but not the same one that causes regular flu. Because it’s caused by a virus, there’s no medicine to make it go away. But there are some things you can do to avoid catching it.
You can p____156____ stomach flu by washing your hands often. Use hot water and soap, and spend time scrubbing. Using hand sanitizer is better than nothing, but it is not very effective against stomach flu. That’s because hand sanitizer mostly kills bacteria, not viruses.
The virus that causes stomach flu is hard to kill. Normal cleaners won’t always work. But cleaning your house can stop you from catching it. So put bleach (消毒水) and water together, and use that to clean surfaces. If someone in your family is sick, r____157____ to clean things that person has touched.
Dishwashers are better at killing viruses than washing dishes by hand. That’s because they keep dishes hotter for longer. Many viruses can stay a____158____ in your washing machine. So do laundry with hot water and use bleach, if possible. You may even want to run the washing machine with no clothes just hot water and bleach. This will kill any germs in it.
If you do get the stomach flu, drink as much water as possible. Other clear l____159____ are good, too. You probably won’t want to eat much. But when you do feel ready to eat, try bananas, rice, apple sauce or toast.
Once you’re feeling better, don’t return to work or school right away. You can s____160____ spread the disease for a few days after you feel better. If you have a fever, wait at least 24 hours after it ends before going out. This will help protect other people from getting sick.
Stomach flu is awful, but by f____161____ these tips, you can help stop it from spreading.
【答案】155．(e)specially
156．(p)revent
157．(r)emember
158．(a)live
159．(l)iquids
160．(s)till
161．(f)ollowing
【解析】
【分析】
本文是说明文，作者就如何避免感染肠胃流感给出了几点建议，指出遵循这些建议，可以帮助阻止它的传播。
155．
句意：如果你家里有人得了这种病，那就更是如此了。分析句子可知，本句需用副词修饰true；根据下文“if someone in your family has it”可知家里其他人也极有可能被传染；结合首字母提示，especially“尤其”符合语境，故填(e)specially。
156．
句意：你可以通过勤洗手来预防肠胃流感。本句缺谓语动词，根据下文介绍的方式，可知勤洗手能够预防肠胃流感；结合首字母提示，protect“保护”符合语境，故填(p)revent。
157．
句意：如果你的家人生病了，记得清洁他们接触过的东西。根据上文“If someone in your family is sick…to clean things that person has touched”可知这里是提醒对方清洁他们接触过的东西；结合首字母提示，remember“记得”用于提醒，这里是祈使句结构，故填(r)emember。
158．
句意：这是因为它们能延长洗碗时间很多病毒可以在洗衣机里存活。分析句子结构，stay在本句中作为持续系动词，后面加表语形容词；结合句意很多病毒可以在洗衣机里存活，所以用stay alive；结合首字母提示，alive符合语境，故选alive。
159．
句意：其他的透明液体也很好。clear清澈的/透明的，形容词修饰名词；根据上文“If you do get the stomach flu, drink as much water as possible”和首字母提示可知这里是说其他透明液体，liquid“液体”符合句意；由系动词are可知用复数名词，故填(l)iquids。
160．
句意：在你感觉好些后的几天里，你仍然可以传播这种疾病。分析句子成分可知本句缺副词，修饰动词spread。结合前一句“Once you’re feeling better, don’t return to work or school right away”可知肠胃炎病毒在患者感觉身体状况好转后仍有传播的可能；结合首字母提示，still“仍然”符合语境，故填(s)till。
161．
句意：肠胃流感是可怕的，但通过遵循这些建议，你可以帮助阻止它的传播。by通过，表方式；根据下文“you can help stop it from spreading”和首字母提示，可知follow“跟随”符合语境；介词by后接动名词，故填 (f)ollowing。



（六）（2021·上海普陀·二模）
No matter how old we are, camping in our backyard is really fun. Families like it when they are on holidays because it is easy and inexpensive. It is great to keep us r___162___ and frees us from busy study and work. It offers chances for us to invite friends and relatives who might not fit inside the house. All of us can get close to nature and check the night sky. Follow these i___163___ and you will have a night you never forget!
Put up your tent
Depending on the number of family members and g___164___, you may need more than one tent. Tell your friends to bring their tents if needed. Check out the articles or search online for some videos on how put up a tent.
Prepare your bedding
If you want to enjoy yourselves and stay comfortably inside the tent, put something soft to l___165___ on. A blow-up air mattress(充气床垫)may work well. Fill the tent with cloth toys and blankets. Have lightweight sleeping bags or cotton blankets. They are a___166___ necessary if you live where the night temperatures drop greatly.
Prepare a seating area
If you have a picnic table, that will work best. If not, set up a few chairs and a small table for food and drinks. A simple choice is to spread a blanket in the sun so that your friends can eat and talk. Be sure the grass isn’t w___167___.
Plan activities and make m___168___
Plan some activities. You can raise your voice with traditional camping songs that most kids learn in school. Just be careful not to wake up the neighbors. Telling stories is full of fun as well. Have a camera nearby to take silly photos of you, your family members and friends. Take one large group shot with everyone smiling and laughing. Be sure to make copies for everyone!
【答案】162．(r)elaxed
163．(i)nstructions
164．(g)uests
165．(l)ie
166．(a)lways
167．(w)et
168．(m)emories
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述在后院露营是很有趣的，并且也给出了家庭露营的一些建议。
162．
句意：它可以让我们放松，让我们从繁忙的学习和工作中解脱出来。本句的意思是说在家露营能让我们“放松”。并且根据keep可知，此处要填形容词。根据首字母r可知是relaxed。故填relaxed。
163．
句意：按照这些建议去做，你将拥有一个永生难忘的夜晚！根据“these”可知，此处指的是下面的一些建议，且单词以i开头，且these后要填名词复数，为instructions“建议”。故填instructions。
164．
句意：根据家庭成员和客人的数量，您可能需要多个帐篷。根据“the number of family members”可知，此处是表达“家庭成员的数量”，单词以g开头，因此是guest“客人”符合语境。又因numbers是复数，题空由and连接，故填guests。
165．
句意：如果你想在帐篷里舒舒服服地呆着，就找些柔软的东西躺在上面。根据“put something soft”可知是要放些柔软的东西躺着。lie on躺着；位于。故填lie。
166．
句意：如果你住在夜间气温骤降的地方，它们总是必要的。根据“They are…necessary”可知，句子成分完整此处需要填副词，且以a开头，因此always“总是”符合题意。故填always。
167．
句意：一定不要让草湿了。根据“A simple choice is to spread a blanket in the sun so that your friends can eat and talk.”可知是说可以在阳光下铺一条毯子。因此此处表达“不能让草湿了”，且单词以w开头，故wet“湿的”符合语境。故填wet。
168．
句意：计划活动，制造回忆。根据“Have a camera nearby to take silly photos of you…copies for everyone!”可知是说可以用相机拍一些照片，留下一些美好回忆。且根据标题“Plan activities”可知题空处也是名词复数，且以m开头，因此memories“回忆”符合语境。故填memories。


（七）（2021·上海杨浦·二模）

The days, some people work at home one or two days a week instead of going to an office every day. I think in the future a lot more people will work from home all the time. And the number of offices will decrease. It’s sad, because people will lose most of their s__169__ skills like the ability to connect to others.
There won’t be any paper books in the future. They might disappear c__170__. If you want to read books, you will have to download them to a portable e-reader. It will hold hundreds of your favourtie books. Some e-readers might also be waterproof. So you can use them when you are having a bath or a s__171__!
I think the number of people on the planet will continue to i__172__. There’ll be less space, so we’ll need to change the way we live. Maybe we’ll live underground, or maybe lots of people will live together in a single house. It’s horrible! Life will definitely get w__173__ than it is now!
Our house might be s__174__ in the future. If there’s an emergency, it will automatically send a message to the police or call for an ambulance. Our house might also control the heating and the air-conditioning, so we’ll never feel too hot or too cold.
Driverless cars are a new thing at the moment, but I think in the future it will be common to have one. I think it’ll be a good and safe thing, because we won’t have so many road a__175__. Maybe we will stop using petrol, too. That would be good.


【答案】169．(s)ocial
170．(c)ompletely
171．(s)hower
172．(i)ncrease
173．(w)orse
174．(s)mart
175．(a)ccidents
【解析】
【分析】
本文主要关于未来生活的变化。
169．
句意：这很可悲，因为人们会失去大部分社交技能，比如与他人联系的能力。根据“their...skills like the ability to connect to others”以及首字母提示可知，此处表示社交技能，social社会的，形容词。故填social。
170．
句意：它们可能会完全消失。空处缺少一个副词，修饰动词disappear，根据“There won’t be any paper books in the future.”以及首字母提示可知，此处表示纸质书完全消失，completely完全地，副词。故填completely。
171．
句意：所以你可以在洗澡或淋浴时使用它们！根据“when you are having a bath or a...”以及首字母提示可知，此处表示淋浴，have a shower。故填shower。
172．
句意：我认为地球上的人口数量会继续增加。根据“There’ll be less space, so we’ll need to change the way we live.”以及首字母提示可知，此处表示地球上的人口数量会继续增加，increase增加，空前有continue to do继续做某事，填动词原形。故填increase。

173．
句意：生活肯定会比现在更糟！根据“Maybe we’ll live underground, or maybe lots of people will live together in a single house. It’s horrible”以及首字母提示可知，此处表示未来的生活会比现在更糟，worse更糟，形容词比较级。故填worse。
174．
句意：我们的房子将来可能会很聪明。根据“If there’s an emergency, it will automatically send a message to the police or call for an ambulance...”以及首字母提示可知，此处表示未来的房子将会很聪明，smart聪明的，形容词。故填smart。
175．
句意：我认为这将是一件既好又安全的事情，因为我们不会发生那么多交通事故。根据“Driverless cars are a new thing at the moment”以及“I think it’ll be a good and safe thing, because we won’t have so many road...”可知，无人驾驶汽车的出现会减少交通事故的发生，accident事故，空前有so many，此处用名词复数形式。故填accidents。


（八）（2021·上海松江·一模）
A local newspaper is doing a survey of problems in people's life. Recently people of different a___211___ from around the city have emailed the paper about their sleep problems.
Philip -- aged 64
I have a strange habit of f___212___ asleep when I watch TV and it usually happens when I am watching something l am really interested in. The television seems to make me sleep e___213___. Then when I go upstairs to bed, I find I can't sleep and I usually listen to the radio for hours and hours during the night.
Clare -- aged 35
I have an eight-month-old baby and a three-year-old son, so I don't get much sleep at the moment. In fact, I can't remember the last time I had a w___214___ night's sleep. Last night I think I had about five hours, as the baby woke up three times. I work during the day and it can be difficult to stay awake when I haven't slept much.
Jag -- aged 29
I read in the paper the other day that most children in this city don't sleep enough. Many of them do homework until midnight and then they are really t___215___ at school. I'm a teacher. Sometimes, in the classes after lunch, the students look as if they are about to sleep. Some people say that maybe school should start l___216___ for teenagers. I think they might be right.
Clyde -- aged 16
At home, I s___217___ a room with my elder brother. He snores(打鼾), which is really terrible. I had a difficult time going to sleep.
【答案】211．ages
212．falling
213．easily
214．whole
215．tired
216．later/late
217．share
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了不同年龄层的人们谈论他们的睡眠问题。
211．
句意：最近，城市里不同年龄的人给报纸发了电子邮件，谈论他们的睡眠问题。空格处缺少名词作定语，根据下文“Philip -- aged 64 Clare -- aged 35 Clyde -- aged 16”可知，不同年龄层的人参加了这个调查，年龄的英文是age，是可数名词。前面有different，所以空格处用复数，故填ages。
212．
句意：我有一个奇怪的习惯，当我看电视时会睡着，而且当我看到一些我感兴趣的东西时，就经常会出现。根据下文“The television seems to make me sleep”可知，是看电视就会睡着的习惯，fall asleep“入睡，睡着”，介词of后跟动词ing形式。故填falling。
213．
句意：电视似乎容易让我入睡。空格处缺少副词修饰动词sleep；根据下文“Then when I go upstairs to bed, I find I can't sleep and I usually listen to the radio for hours and hours during the night”可知，是电视容易让我入睡，容易地的英文是easily。故填easily。
214．
句意：我都记不起上次我睡整晚觉的时候了。空格处缺少形容词作定语；根据上文“I have an eight-month-old baby and a three-year-old son, so I don't get much sleep at the moment.”可知，Clare因为带着小孩，所以睡眠不够，因此很难能睡整晚觉。全部的的英文是whole。故填whole。
215．
句意：他们当中很多人做作业直到半夜，而且他们在学校真的很累。空格处缺少形容词作表语；根据“Many of them do homework until midnight”可知，作业繁重使得学生在学校很疲惫。疲惫的英文是tired。故填tired。
216．
句意：有人说，也许青少年应该晚上学。/有人说，也许青少年应该更晚点上学。根据下文“the students look as if they are about to sleep”可知，学生在校很疲倦；再根据下文“I think they might be right.”可知，有人认为青少年应该晚上学/青少年应该更晚点上学，这样睡眠更足，所以Jag支持这种观点。晚的的英文是late，更迟的的英文是later。故填later/late。
217．
句意：我和我年长的哥哥一起共享一个房间。根据语境可知，时态是一般现在时。空格处缺少动词作谓语；根据下文“He snores(打鼾), which is really terrible. I had a difficult time going to sleep.”可知，哥哥打鼾，他很难入睡所以Clyde和哥哥共一个房间，分享的英文是share。主语I是第一人称，故动词用原形。故填share。


（九）（2022·上海市曹杨中学附属学校模拟预测）
How often do you let other people’s nonsense(胡说) change your mood? Do you let a bad driver, impolite waiter, rude boss, or an insensitive employee ruin your day?
One day I was in a taxi and we headed for the airport. We were driving when suddenly a black car drove out of a parking space r____218____ in front of us. My taxi driver slammed on his brake, slide sideways, and at the very last moment our car stopped and missed the other car by just inches! The driver of the other car looked around and started shouting at us.
My taxi driver just smiled and waved at the guy. And I mean he was really f____219____. So I asked, “Why did you just do that? This guy almost ruined your car and sent us to the hospital!” This is my taxi driver taught me what I now call “The Law of the Garbage Truck(垃圾车)”.
He e____220____ that many people are like garbage trucks. They run around full of garbage, full of frustration, full of anger, and full of disappointment. As their garbage piles up, they need a place to dump it and sometimes they’ll dump it on you. Don’t take it personally: Just smile, wave, wish them well, and move on.
Believe me. You’ll be happier. Don’t take their garbage and s____221____ it to other people at work, at home, or on the streets. Life’s too short to wake up in the morning with regrets. The mark of your success is how quickly you can refocus on what’s i____222____ in your life. Roy Baumeister, a psychology researcher from Florida State University, found in his r____223____ that you remember bad things more often than good things in your life. You store the bad memories more easily, and you recall them more frequently.
So, Love the people who treat you right. Ignore the o____224____ who don’t. Life is ten percent what you make it and ninety percent how you take it!
【答案】218．(r)ight
219．(f)riendly
220．(e)xplained
221．(s)pread
222．(i)mportant
223．(r)esearch
224．(o)nes
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述的是作者乘坐出租车时发生的事情，通过出租车司机的一番话，阐明了一个道理：记住美好，忘却不愉快，专注重要的事情。
218．
句意：我们正在开车，突然一辆黑色轿车从我们正前方的停车位驶出。分析句子可知，空上填副词，修饰动词drove，根据首字母r，可知right“恰好，直接地”，符合题意。故填(r)ight。
219．
句意：我的意思是他非常友好。was后面加形容词作表语，根据语境“My taxi driver just smiled and waved at the guy.”以及首字母f，可知friendly“友好的”，符合题意。故填(f)riendly。
220．
句意：他解释说，许多人就像垃圾车。he是主语，后接动词作谓语，根据上文可知，这里表示出租车司机要跟我解释他的做法的原因。结合首字母，explain是动词，意为“解释”，根据语境可知这里使用一般过去时，故填(e)xplained。
221．
句意：不要接受别人的垃圾，然后把它转倒给工作、家里或街上的其他人。and前后并列两个动词原形，构成祈使句，结合首字母，可知spread sth. to do sb.意为“把……传播给某人”，符合题意。故填(s)pread。
222．
句意：你成功的标志是你能多快地重新关注生活中重要的事情。is后面可加形容词作表语，根据语境可知，这里表示我们要专注于生活中重要的事情。important形容词，意为“重要的”，符合题意。故填(i)mportant。
223．
句意：佛罗里达州立大学的心理学研究人员罗伊·鲍迈斯特在他的研究中发现，在你的生活中，记住坏事的次数比记住好事的次数要多。his后面加名词，根据“ a psychology researcher”以及首字母r，可知research名词，意为“研究”，符合题意。故填(r)esearch。
224．
句意：忽略那些对你不好的人。the后面加名词或者代词做宾语，根据“Love the people who treat you right.”以及首字母，可知这里可以用ones指代people。故填(o)nes。


（十）（2022·上海徐汇·模拟预测）
Stress (压力) for a teenager is as real a problem as stress for an adult. To deal with it, it’s i____225____ to understand the causes of stress in teenagers.
When parents change their jobs or if the family decides to move to a different place, the child has to change schools, find new friends, be fit for the new social circle and fit into new groups. It is always d____226____ for children to be fit for such changes, which can be a serious cause of stress in their life.
Academic (学业的) difficulties, s____227____ as inability to understand a certain subject can cause stress. Not every child has the ability to understand every subject. Some kids need extra help b____228____ school work to help them understand a few concepts (概念). When teenagers are poor at academic performance, they are often laughed at and are looked down upon by both teachers and partners. In such cases, it can make the child feel l____229____, unnoticed and hurt. All of this, put together, can add to stress.
Extracurricular (课外的) activities such as playing a sport, or attending art classes can add much stress on a child’s mind. Dealing with school and extracurricular activities at the same time does seem like a burden (负担) when you have to be good at b____230____.
These are the common causes of stress in teenagers, which can be noticed through signs such as poor memory, anxiety, negative and pessimistic (消极悲观的) attitude by parents. If the signs continue going for a long time, it can’t k____231____ the balance of the child’s feelings.
【答案】225．(i)mportant
226．(d)ifficult
227．(s)uch
228．(b)esides
229．(l)onely
230．(b)oth
231．(k)eep
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要叙述了如何减轻青少年的压力问题。
225．
句意：为了解决这个问题，了解青少年压力的原因很重要。根据“it’s...to understand the causes of stress in teenagers.”和首字母可知，此处是指了解青少年压力的原因是很重要的。important“重要的”，形容词。且符合固定句型it is adj. to do sth.“做某事是怎么样的”。故填(i)mportant。
226．
句意：孩子们总是很难适应这样的变化，这可能是他们生活中压力的一个严重原因。根据“It is always...for children to be fit for such changes”和首字母可知，此处是指适应变化是很困难的。difficult“困难的”，形容词。故填(d)ifficult。
227．
句意：学业上的困难，例如无法理解某一科目，会造成压力。根据“Academic (学业的) difficulties,...as inability to understand a certain subject can cause stress.”和首字母可知，前面提到学业上的困难，后面是举例说明。固定短语such as“比如”。故填(s)uch。
228．
句意：有些孩子除了学习之外还需要额外的帮助来帮助他们理解一些概念。根据“Not every child has the ability to understand every subject. Some kids need extra help...school work to help them understand a few concepts (概念).”和首字母可知，此处是指有些孩子除了学习之外还需要额外的帮助。besides“除了……之外（还）”。故填(b)esides。
229．
句意：在这种情况下，它会让孩子感到孤单、被忽视和受伤。根据“feel... unnoticed and hurt.”和首字母可知，此处是指感觉孤单。lonely“孤单的”，形容词作表语。故填(l)onely。
230．
句意：同时处理学校和课外活动似乎是一种负担，因为你必须擅长两者。根据“school and extracurricular activities”以及“you have to be good at...”和首字母可知，此处是指擅长学校和课外活动，这里是两者。both“两者”，代词。故填(b)oth。
231．
句意：如果这种迹象持续很长一段时间，就不能保持孩子感情的平衡。根据“it can’t...the balance of the child’s feelings.”和首字母可知，此处是指保持情感的平衡。固定短语keep the balance of“保持……的平衡”，且空前有情态动词can’t，其后跟动词原形。故填(k)eep。


（十一）（2022·上海·模拟预测）
On Dec 9, three Chinese astronauts who are working aboard the Tiangong Space Station, gave a lecture above Earth and showed millions of students their life there. They also did some fun s____232____ experiments. Let’s take a look at some of them.
Use it or lose it
The human body grows with the pull of Earth’s gravity (重力). But in space, our bones and muscles don’t need to s____233____ our body’s weight. This will cause bone and muscle loss. It is said that astronauts can lose up to 20 percent of their muscles after just a couple of weeks. That is dangerous for astronauts because they will be too w____234____ to work.
Astronauts have different ways to prevent this. During the lecture, Zhai introduced a special uniform Ye was wearing. It’s called a “penguin suit”. It can keep their muscles strong.
Wang also showed students how she walked on a treadmill (跑步机) and rode a bicycle. Astronauts usually e____235____ with these tools every day to keep their body strong.
Space water is different
During another experiment, Wang made a water film (膜). Then she added more water drops onto the film to make it a water ball. But this can n____236____ happen on Earth. Why?
We need to first u____237____ the surface tension (表面张力) of water. Surface tension is like a “skin” of water. The “skin” is there because water molecules (分子) are drawn to each other. One example on the Earth is that some bugs (昆虫) can “walk on water”. Most of the time, gravity is too strong and it breaks the “skin”. But with zero gravity in space, the “skin” stays much stronger and the water ball will not b____238____.
Space water is different in many other ways from that on Earth. For example, water will not flow downward if you try to pour it into a cup. If astronauts cry, the tears will not fall down. They have to wipe them away!
【答案】232．(s)cience##(s)cientific##(s)pace##(s)urprising##(s)pecial
233．(s)upport
234．(w)eak
235．(e)xercise
236．(n)ever##(n)ot
237．(u)nderstand
238．(b)reak##(b)urst
【解析】
【分析】
本文是新闻通讯，短文介绍了三名在天宫空间站工作的中国宇航员，在地球上向数百万学生展示了一些有趣的科学实验。
232．
句意：他们还做了一些有趣的科学实验。设空处修饰名词experiments，根据上文“On Dec 9, three Chinese astronauts who are working aboard the Tiangong Space Station, gave a lecture above Earth and showed millions of students their life there”和首字母提示，可知，可以是科学实验，也可以是太空实验，或者特别的实验，令人惊讶的实验；science“科学”/scientific“科学的”/space“太空”/surprising“令人惊讶的”/special“特别的”符合语境，故填(s)cience/(s)cientific/(s)pace/(s)urprising/(s)pecial。
233．
句意：但在太空中，我们的骨骼和肌肉不需要支撑我们的体重。but表转折，根据上文“The human body grows with the pull of Earth’s gravity”和首字母提示，可知是说在失重状态下骨骼和肌肉不需要支撑宇航员的体重，support“支撑”符合语境；not need to do表示“不需要做某事”，是固定结构，故填(s)upport。
234．
句意：这对宇航员来说很危险，因为他们太虚弱了，无法工作。too…to…表示“太……而不能”，too修饰形容词或副词，是固定结构；根据上文“It is said that astronauts can lose up to 20 percent of their muscles after just a couple of weeks”和首字母提示，可知宇航员失去20%的肌肉会导致身体虚弱，weak“虚弱的”符合语境，故填(w)eak。
235．
句意：宇航员通常每天用这些工具锻炼以保持身体强壮。本句缺谓语动词，根据下文“to keep their body strong”和首字母提示，可知是用这些工具锻炼，exercise“锻炼”符合语境；结合“every day”可知，本句陈述事实用一般现在时，Astronauts是复数人称，动词需用原形。故填(e)xercise。
236．
句意：但这在地球上是不可能发生的。but表转折，根据上文“Then she added more water drops onto the film to make it a water ball”和首字母提示，可知本句是否定意义，是说在地球上不可能发生这种事，never和not都表否定，故填(n)ever##(n)ot。
237．
句意：我们首先需要了解水的表面张力。根据题干“We need to first…the surface tension of water”和首字母提示，可知是说要了解水的表面张力，understand“理解”符合语境；need to do“想要做某事”是固定结构，故填(u)nderstand。
238．
句意：但在太空中失重的情况下，“皮肤”会更坚固，水球也不会破裂。but表转折，根据上文“Most of the time, gravity is too strong and it breaks the ‘skin’”和首字母提示，可知是说失重状态下水球不会破裂，break和burst都可表示“爆裂”，符合语境；助动词will后接原形动词，故填(b)reak##(b)urst。


（十二）（2022·上海·模拟预测）
Beethoven(贝多芬)is famous for his nine symphonies(交响乐). Before he died, he began a new symphony, but never f____239____ it. Computer scientists and musicians have now used artificial intelligence(AI人工智能)to complete his 10th Symphony.
Beethoven was born over 250 years ago, yet his music is still played daily around the world. Beethoven wrote many famous pieces of music, especially his nine symphonies. When Beethoven died in 1827, he had some ideas for a 10th   Symphony. But all that he left b____240____ were some notes about the piece and a few “sketches”-short bits of written music.
In 2019, a special team of   musicians, computer scientists, and historians was formed. Their g____241____ is to try to complete Beethoven’s 10th Symphony to celebrate his 250th birthday. The team didn’t just want to complete the symphony, they wanted to come as close as possible to producing the symphony that Beethoven meant to write. That’s where AI came in.
To t____242____ an AI to help with the symphony, the team turned every piece of music that Beethoven ever wrote into a form the computer could understand. In this way, the AI could look for patterns in the way Beethoven wrote.
Other members of the team studied Beethoven’s notes and sketches, and worked to figure out what Beethoven was p____243____ to do.
One early test told the team they were on the r____244____ track. They took a few minutes of music created by the AI based on Beethoven’s sketches, and played it for Beethoven experts, musicians, and reporters. No one could tell which parts had been written by Beethoven and which parts the AI made up.
It took the team over two years to complete Beethoven’s 10th Symphony. Recently, it was performed for the first rime ever by the Beethoven Orchestra in Bonn, Germany.
So Beethoven now has a 10th Symphony. And t____245____ Beethoven didn’t write it all, the team feels sure that the music is very much like what he might have written.
【答案】239．(f)inished
240．(b)ehind
241．(g)oal
242．(t)rain##(t)each
243．(p)lanning##(p)reparing
244．(r)ight
245．(t)hough
【解析】
【分析】
这篇短文主要讲述了著名的音乐家贝多芬在他去世之前，他开始了一部新的交响乐，但从未完成过。计算机科学家和音乐家通过人工智能想完成他的第十交响曲。
239．
句意：在他去世之前，他开始了一部新的交响乐，但从未完成。根据“Before he died, he began a new symphony,”及下文but转折连词，可知此处是“但从未完成”，整篇短文是过去时态，finish“完成”，是动词，过去式是finished，故填(f)inished。
240．
句意：但他留下的只是一些关于这首曲子的笔记和一些“草图”——些短小的书面音乐。根据“were some notes about the piece and a few “sketches”-short bits of written music.”可知，此处是“但他留下的所有”，短语leave behind“留下”，故填(b)ehind。
241．
句意：他们的目标是完成贝多芬的第十交响曲，以庆祝他的250岁生日。根据“to try to complete Beethoven’s 10th Symphony to celebrate his 250th birthday.”可知，此处是“他们的目标是……”，their是形容词性物主代词，后加名词，goal“目标”，是名词，谓语动词是单数is，主语应为单数，故填(g)oal。
242．
句意：为了训练/教授人工智能帮助创作交响乐，该团队将贝多芬创作的每一首音乐都转换成计算机可以理解的形式。to是动词不定式，后加动词原形，根据“an AI to help with the symphony”可知，此处是训练/教授人工智能，短语train/teach sb. to do sth.“训练/教授某人做某事”，train“训练”，是动词；teach“教”，是动词，故填(t)rain/(t)each。
243．
句意：团队中的其他成员研究了贝多芬的笔记和草图，并努力找出贝多芬正在计划/准备做什么。根据语境知是过去进行时，其结构是was doing的形式，根据“and worked to figure out”可知，此处是“并努力找出贝多芬正在计划/准备做什么”，plan“计划”，是动词，现在分词是planning；prepare“准备”，是动词，现在分词是preparing，故填(p)lanning/(p)reparing。
244．
句意：一个早期测试告诉团队他们在正确的轨道上。根据“They took a few minutes of music created by the AI based on Beethoven’s sketches, and played it for Beethoven experts, musicians, and reporters.”可知，他们在正确的轨道上，track是名词，空前用形容词修饰，right“正确的”，是形容词，故填(r)ight。
245．
句意：虽然贝多芬并没有写下所有的作品，但团队确信这首音乐与他可能写的非常相似。根据“the team feels sure that the music is very much like what he might have written.”可知，此处是让步状语从句，though“虽然”，是连词，引导让步状语从句，故填(t)hough。


（十三）
According to a recent study, dogs get jealous(妒忌的) just like humans do. In the study, two groups of dog owners were compared. One group showed affection(喜爱) to another dog. The other showed affection to objects such as a book or toy. The authors of the study concluded that dogs displayed more jealous behaviors when their owners showed affection toward another dog. With that in mind, here are some signs of a jealous dog.
Pushing you away
Have you ever moved toward a member of your family, only to have your dog push you away? This behavior is your dog’s way of telling you that it needs more a____260____.
Mean(小气的) actions
Your dog might show jealousy by b___261___or biting.
Doing a trick
A jealous dog will perform tricks in order to get your praise or care. How do you deal with a jealous dog? Try the following w____262____.
T____263____ your dog
Practice basic commands(指令) like sit and stay. This will help you manage your dog when you notice bad behavior.
Encourage good behavior
Give your dog treats and care when it’s calm. This will help your dog understand h___264___ you want it to behave.
Make friends
Let your dog get along with o____265____. The dog park is a good place for your dog to practice playing with other dogs.
Get everyone involved
Jealousy in dogs usually happens when a dog forms a strong bond with one person. Allow the people around you to spend time with you and your dog. That way, your dog will learn that all of them deserve respect.
When a dog loves someone deeply, it’s n____266____ for it to feel jealous. Helping a jealous dog learn to share its favorite person is very important.
【答案】260．(a)ttention
261．(b)arking
262．(w)ays
263．(T)rain
264．(h)ow
265．(o)thers
266．(n)atural
【解析】
【分析】
本文主要讲述了狗也有嫉妒心，给出其嫉妒的表现以及一些处理的方法。
260．
句意：这种行为是你的狗在告诉你它需要更多的关注。根据“This behavior is your dog’s way of telling you that it needs more...”结合单词首字母可知处是指狗狗这样做是为了告诉你它需要更多的关注，attention“注意，关注”，是不可数名词，故填(a)ttention。
261．
句意：你的狗可能会通过吠叫或咬来表示嫉妒。根据“Your dog might show jealousy by...or biting.”结合单词首字母可知狗狗是通过叫或者咬来表示嫉妒。bark“叫”，是动词，前面有介词，动词用动名词形式，故填(b)arking。
262．
句意：尝试以下方法。根据“Try the following...”以及下文可知此处是指方法，way“方法”，是可数名词，下文有好几种方法，所以名词用复数形式，故填(w)ays。
263．
句意：训练你的狗。根据“Practice basic commands(指令)like sit and stay. This will help you manage your dog when you notice bad behavior.”可知此处是指训练你的狗。train“训练”，是动词，此处是祈使句，动词用原形，故填(T)rain。
264．
句意：这将帮助你的狗了解你希望它如何表现。根据“Give your dog treats and care when it’s calm. This will help your dog understand...you want it to behave.”结合单词首字母可知此处是指你希望它怎么去表现，how“怎么样”，故填(h)ow。
265．
句意：让你的狗与其他狗相处。根据“The dog park is a good place for your dog to practice playing with other dogs.”可知此处是指和其他的狗狗相处，others等于other+dogs，此处表示“其他狗”，故填(o)thers。
266．
句意：当一条狗深深地爱着一个人时，嫉妒是很自然的。根据“When a dog loves someone deeply, it’s...for it to feel jealous”可知此处是指狗有嫉妒心是很正常，自然的。natural“自然的”，是形容词，故填(n)atural。