高考英语一轮复习unit 6 design能力提升训练含答案

  Unit 6　Design

能力提升题组训练(A)

Ⅰ.阅读

The space shuttle Columbia flared and broke up in the skies over Texas on Saturday,February 1,2003,killing the seven astronauts on board in what NASA(美国宇航局) and President Bush called a tragedy for the entire nation.NASA launched an investigation into the disaster and began searching for the astronauts’ remains.It said that although there had been some data failures it was too early to nail down a precise cause.The break-up,16 minutes before the shuttle was due to land at Kennedy Space Center in Florida,spread possibly toxic debris(有毒的残骸) over a wide swath of Texas and neighboring states.

Dramatic television images of the shuttle’s descent clearly showed several white trails(痕迹) streaking through blue skies after the shuttle suddenly fell apart.It was almost 17 years to the day that the Challenger shuttle exploded on Jan.28,1986,killing all seven astronauts on board.

Take-off and re-entry into Earth’s atmosphere are the most dangerous parts of a space mission.In 42 years of US’ human space flight,there had never been an accident in the descent to Earth or landing.Challenger exploded just after take-off.

Rescue teams scrambled to search for the remains of the crew,which included the first Israeli to fly on the shuttle,former combat pilot Col.Ilan Ramon.There were warnings that parts of a vast 120-mile-long corridor of debris could be toxic because of poisonous rocket propellant(推进剂).

“We are not ready to confirm that we have found any human remains,” Nacogdoches County Sheriff Thomas Kerrs said.He added that among the roughly 1,000 calls reporting debris,some people said they found remains of crew members.

“The Columbia is lost.There are no survivors...Their mission was almost complete and we lost them so close to home...America’s space program will go on,” said a grim-faced Bush in a message broadcast on television,which included condolences to the families of the dead astronauts.

1.The underlined word “descent” in the passage means 　　　. 

A.taking off B.landing C.orbiting D.walking down

2.Which is true of the Israeli astronaut Ilan Ramon?

A.He was the first Israeli astronaut to fly on the shuttle.

B.He was the first foreign astronaut to fly on the American shuttle.

C.He used to be a passenger plane pilot.

D.He was the only survivor in the Columbia disaster.

3.The Columbia disaster and the Challenger disaster were similar in that 　　　. 

A.there were seven astronauts killed on board

B.both the shuttles exploded when they took off

C.both the shuttles exploded when they were about to land

D.no human remains were found

4.Which of the following is wrong according to the news?

A.The U.S.A.will give up the space program because of the accident.

B.NASA hasn’t found the cause of the Columbia disaster.

C.Before the Columbia disaster,no shuttles had exploded in the course of landing.

D.Take-off and re-entry into Earth’s atmosphere are the most dangerous parts of a space mission.

语篇解读:本文讲述了美国航天飞机“哥伦比亚”号失事的情况。

答案及剖析:

1.B　词义猜测题。第三段第二句中的in the descent to Earth or landing中的landing 即是对 descent的解释。

2.A　细节理解题。从第四段第一句中的which included the first Israeli to fly on the shuttle,former combat pilot Col.Ilan Ramon.可以知道,Ilan Ramon是以色列第一位乘坐航天飞机的宇航员。

3.A　细节理解题。从文中可以了解到两起灾难都有7位宇航员丧生。“挑战者”号是在升空时失事的,而“哥伦比亚”号是在返回地面的过程中失事的,故可排除B 和 C。而选项 D 与原文不符,故选 A。

4.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的America’s space program will go on 可知选项 A错误。

Ⅱ.七选五

　　Teens are certainly confusing and complicated,but there is one thing that’s clear about them: More than anything else,they want to fit in with their peers.They want and need to stay connected.Without connection,they feel lonely,anxious and sad,1.　　　. 

Teens,like adults,run into all sorts of dilemmas with their friends.Friendships are neither all good nor all bad.As an adult,you have experience with these sorts of friends and have made your own adjustments in these relationships.Given both your own life experience and your concern for your teens,you’re in an excellent position to help your teens set boundaries with friends.Certainly,some friendships are worth maintaining,while some are not,2.　　　.There are many ways you can help your teens handle these relationships effectively.Here are some steps I would suggest taking: 

●Teach your teens to label their feelings.They need to know what it is that they are feeling first to effectively set limits and boundaries with friends.Help them label setbacks,exhaustion,disappointment and anger.This is no small task.Many kids struggle with labeling their feelings.

●3.　　　.If they sense that something is wrong in a friendship,they’re probably right,and they need to quit it as soon as possible. 

●Explain to your teens that they can’t be all things to all friends.And let them know that friendships are most likely to grow and continue if they feel good about them.

●Discuss different ways to set boundaries.Explain to your kids that just as it makes sense to say yes at times,4.　　　.Just as it’s fine to spend lots of time with a friend during the week,it’s equally OK to spend less time with the same friend when that friend is being too demanding or needy. 

●Look at your behavior in relationships.5.　　　.They are quietly watching your every move.So make sure you’re setting a good example for them to follow in your relationships as well. 

A.so they need to tell what are right relationships

B.and they shall find their way out of those friendships

C.Keep in mind that you are your teens’ most important role model

D.Remind your teens of bad relationships

E.it’s also socially acceptable to say no at other times

F.Encourage your teens to mind their feelings and follow the sixth sense

G.but they may get exhausted by their friendships as well

答案:1—5　GBFEC

Ⅲ.完形填空(2019武汉部分学校新高三调研测试)

Having a job is great. It means I can have a place to live in.And with an above-average job,I can 　1　 a car and overseas vacations. 

However,I also understand how 　2　 it is to have a below-average job,having had many of them before.It’s quite 　3　.Owning a car was out of the question — I could 　4　 pay for the subway ride. 

I emailed my 　5　 to every company with an online career page.I even printed my resume (个人简历) and 　6　 it out to hundreds of offices. 

One summer I got a job at a high-tech company,which I was terrible at.It was no 　7　 when I was asked to leave that job after only four days.A lot of people today believe the problem of 　8　 in my generation is our fault.Some criticize (批评) us for being lazy or careless.Some 　9　 members of my generation of having a sense of “specialness” that has 　10　 us to believe we can all be astronauts,movie stars or singers if we put our mind to it.Also,a few of them think that we would all be happily 　11　 if we learned trades or software engineering. 

I understand that not everyone can go into space,star in Hollywood movies or fill stadiums with fans,　12　.Everyone is good at something,but no one is good at 　13　.It took me hundreds of rejection emails to 　14　 that I had to focus on finding a job where I could really be successful. 

And now,I finally have that job.It’s not the best 　15　, but it’s not bad for a start either. 

1.A.afford B.offer C.borrow D.sell

2.A.easy B.special C.difficult D.impossible

3.A.wonderful B.awful C.beautiful D.guilty

4.A.often B.necessarily C.meanwhile D.barely

5.A.achievements B.photos C.details D.grades

6.A.dragged B.handed C.figured D.tried

7.A.fun B.good C.surprise D.use

8.A.population B.education C.poverty D.unemployment

9.A.rob B.remind C.accuse D.warn

10.A.led B.asked C.chosen D.told

11.A.hired B.fired C.praised D.admired

12.A.too B.however C.either D.instead

13.A.anything B.something C.nothing D.everything

14.A.realize B.remember C.respect D.forget

15.A.end B.story C.salary D.start

语篇解读:本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。“我”想谋得一份高于平均水平的工作,这样就能实现购买汽车和去海外度假的梦想。但是,在经过许多次的求职失败后,“我”才意识到“尺有所短,寸有所长”的道理,并最终找到了一份自己擅长的工作。

答案及剖析:

1.A　根据该句“And with an above-average job,I can 　1　 a car and overseas vacations”并结合常识可知,拥有一份高于平均水平的工作,“我”能负担得起一辆小汽车并能去海外度假。 

2.C　根据第一段最后一句可知,拥有一份高于平均水平的工作,“我”便能买得起一辆小汽车并能去海外度假;结合该句中的“However”和“a below-average job”可知,此句句意与第一段最后一句的句意相反,即“我”也知道拥有一份低于平均水平的工作,生活会是多么困难。

3.B　根据上文中的“a below-average job”并结合该句“It’s quite 　3　”可知,拥有一份低于平均水平的工作是一件相当糟糕的事情。 

4.D　根据该句中的“Owning a car was out of the question”可知,拥有一份低于平均水平的工作时,拥有一辆小汽车是不可能的;结合“I could 　4　 pay for the subway ride” 可知,“我”勉强(barely)能够支付乘坐地铁的费用,故D项正确。 

5.C　根据上文可知,“我”想谋到一份高于平均水平的工作;结合该句“I emailed my 　5　 to every company with an online career page”可知,为此“我”将自己的具体情况用电子邮件发送给每个有在线职业页面的公司。 

6.B　“我”甚至打印了“我”的个人简历,并把它分发给数百家公司。hand out为固定搭配,意为“分发”,故B项正确。

7.C　根据上文可知,这份在一家高科技公司谋得的工作是“我”不擅长的,因此,在工作四天后“我”就被辞退并不出人意料。

8.D　根据上文可知,“我”因为不擅长高科技公司的工作而被辞退;结合该句中的“A lot of people today believe the problem of 　8　”可知,如今许多人认为我们这一代人的失业问题是我们的过错。 

9.C　根据上文“Some criticize (批评) us for being lazy or careless”并结合该句“Some 　9　 members of my generation of having a sense of ‘specialness’”可知,有些人指责我们这一代人有一种“特殊”感。accuse sb.of sth.为固定搭配,意为“指责某人某事”,故C项正确。 

10.A　这种“特殊”感导致我们相信,如果我们集中精力去做一件事,我们都能成为宇航员、电影明星或歌唱家。

11.A　根据语境可知,他们中的一些人认为,如果我们学一些手艺或软件工程,我们都会很开心地找到工作。

12.B　根据上文可知,有些人指责我们这一代人有一种“特殊”感,这种“特殊”感导致我们相信,如果我们集中精力去做一件事,我们都能成为宇航员、电影明星或歌唱家。结合该句中的“I understand that not everyone can go into space,star in Hollywood movies or fill stadiums with fans”可知,该句句意和上文内容存在转折关系,故用however。

13.D　根据该句中的“Everyone is good at something”和“but”可知,每个人都擅长某个事物,但没有人擅长一切事物。

14.A　结合语境可知,“我”收到了数百封拒绝邮件,才意识到“我”必须把精力集中在找一份能让“我”真正成功的工作。

15.D　根据语境可知,现在,“我”终于拥有了能让“我”真正成功的工作;虽然这不是最好的开始(start),但作为开始也是不错的,故D项正确。

能力提升题组训练(B)

Ⅰ.阅读

A

(2019四川眉山高三一诊)

Professor Sun Jun,aged 93 in 2018,has devoted his life to working on China’s giant construction projects,including the Qinghai-Tibet highway,Three Gorges Dam,and the Yangtze River Tunnel.In his latest project,the Tongji university academic served as a senior adviser on the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge.

Under the guidance of Sun,Xu Wei,a professor in Tongji University and Sun’s student,took over technical assistance for the construction of the bridge.“Every time I saw Sun and other professors working on the bridge,I felt at ease,” said Lin Ming,the general project manager.Lin initially invited an experienced Dutch company to serve as the technical assistant for the project.The company wanted to charge US $171 million.He then asked for help from Xu along with experts in Tongji University.

The methods developed by Tongji University reduced the impact of the bridge on the Chinese white dolphin,which is under first class state protection.The key challenge during the construction of the bridge was the 6.7-km underwater tunnel,the world’s longest and deepest undersea tunnel.Ding Wenqi,who was nicknamed the “ tunnel expert”,was asked to ensure the tubes be connected perfectly—even under the influences of land subsidence(下沉),water pressure and tide movement.Hu Xiangdong,another professor in Tongji university,developed a method to freeze the earth around the tunnel to prevent water leakage and land subsidence during the digging of the most challenging 2-km section of the tunnel.

The tunnel section of the project was completed in May 2017.Sun was invited to visit the near-completed bridge again in February 2018.The expert said he felt the most relaxed this time since most of the challenges have been conquered.“In the next step,we should focus on how to make the two artificial islands more beautiful and attract travelers,” Sun said.

Xu said all the staff in my office took a great pride in watching the TV news of the bridge’s official opening on Wednesday.

1.What is Professor Sun’s contribution to the bridge?

A.He worked in Tongji University. B.He was the general project manager.

C.He gave much advice on the project. D.He took over the technical assistance.

2.Why did Lin Ming ask for help from experts in Tongji University?

A.The Dutch company charged too much. B.The technical assistant had too much trouble.

C.Tongji University did best in the giant projects. D.He felt relaxed to see professors working on the bridge.

3.What’s the greatest trouble in building the bridge?

A.Protecting the Chinese white dolphin. B.Constructing the longest & deepest undersea tunnel.

C.Controlling the water pressure. D.Preventing the tide.

4.How did the expert stop water leaking in building the undersea tunnel?

A.By keeping the tide moving. B.By digging deep into the sea.

C.By increasing the water pressure. D.By freezing the nearby earth around the tunnel.

语篇解读:港珠澳大桥建成正式通车,这一世纪工程的建成离不开所有参与者的智慧与汗水。在荷兰一公司的刁难下,同济大学的专家们积极献策,他们反复研究、试验,攻破了港珠澳大桥建设的重重技术难关,创造了世界奇迹。

答案及剖析:

1.C　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句中的the Tongji University academic served as a senior adviser on the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge可知,他是港珠澳大桥的高级顾问,因此他为这个工程的建设提供了许多建议。故选C。

2.A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的The company wanted to charge US $171 million.He then asked for help from Xu along with experts in Tongji University.可知,是因为荷兰公司要价太高,工程总经理才求助同济大学的专家的。故选A。

3.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的The key challenge during the construction of the bridge was the 6.7-km underwater tunnel,the world’s longest and deepest undersea tunnel.可知,大桥建造过程中的一个关键挑战是6.7公里的海底隧道,这是世界上最长和最深的海底隧道,故选B。

4.D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的Hu Xiangdong,another professor in Tongji University,developed a method to freeze the earth around the tunnel to prevent water leakage可知,该专家通过冰冻隧道周围的泥土的方法来防止漏水。故选D。

B

(2019高三双语报35期)

As the temperature rises world wide,how do we keep our houses and other buildings cool?Researchers now have a novel solution to cool buildings.It seems like a white paint—technically a polymer coating (聚合物涂层)—that uses tiny holes to cool the air.

The coating is an example of passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC),in which a surface cools down by reflecting sunlight and heat back to the atmosphere.White paint,which reflects light,has long been used for PDRC.Current PDRC designs are promising alternatives to electrical cooling,but they usually contain pigments (色素)that absorb light,and they reflect longer solar wavelengths imperfectly.

In contrast,the new coating has a foam-like(泡沫状) surface full of tiny holes.To create it,the researchers took the pigments from white paint and replaced it with these tiny holes.This turns the polymer white.The holes reflected all wavelengths of sunlight,making the coating far better than traditional paint.

“Other scientists have used similar solar-reflecting methods to achieve cooling”,says Mark Swihart,a professor of chemical and biological engineering.“However,nobody has previously suggested using such polymers for this passive cooling application.It could be relatively easy and cheap to produce and apply widely.It could be also used on almost any surface,from rooftops to water tanks to vehicles,” Swihart says.

The researchers also experimented with making the coating in different colors.Adding color does lower the degree of cooling,but the performance is still better than colored commercial paint.“This is important in view of human tastes,” says Jyotirmoy Mandal,a lead author on the study.“Not everyone wants a white roof on their house,and paint companies have been trying to develop ‘cool colors’ for decades.”

The coating,if used on enough buildings,could also help deal with the so-called “urban heat islands”—urban areas that get much hotter than their surroundings.As the world continues to urbanize,these heat islands are an increasing problem.“Such an effort,however,requires wide teamwork between researchers,urban planners and policy makers,”Mandal says.

5.What can we know about the passive daytime radiative cooling?

A.It is environmentally-friendly. B.It consumes much electricity.

C.It is free from the influence of sunlight. D.It uses paint to absorb longer solar wavelengths.

6.Why are there tiny holes in the foam-like surface?

A.To fill pigments in them. B.To make the surface more efficient.

C.To reduce the weight of the surface. D.To enable certain solar wavelengths to go through them.

7.It can be inferred from Mark Swihart’s words that the coating 　　　. 

A.has been mass-produced B.may completely replace paint one day

C.may have significant practical uses D.differs greatly from similar solar-reflecting products

8.What are the researchers trying to do according to Paragraph 5?

A.To make the coating stronger. B.To improve the degree of cooling.

C.To make the coating easier to apply. D.To make the product appeal to more people.

语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究人员研发了一款简易的降温涂层,能有效地给建筑物降温。

答案及剖析:

5.A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的in which a surface cools down by reflecting sunlight and heat back to the atmosphere.可知,这种将太阳光线和热能反射回去的方法对环境无污染。

6.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的The holes reflected all wavelengths of sunlight,making the coating far better than traditional paint.可知,是为了提高这款产品的隔热效果。

7.C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的It could be relatively easy and cheap to produce and apply widely.It could be also used on almost any surface,from rooftops to water tanks to vehicles可知,这款产品将来的实用性很强。

8.D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的This is important in view of human tastes...Not everyone wants a white roof on their house...可知,研究人员努力让这款产品吸引更多的人。

Ⅱ.语法填空(2019四川泸州高三质检)

Chinese might be heard when you take a ride on the street.Turning to the right,you see a Sichuan-style restaurant.After 1.　　　　 (walk) into a store,you see that Huawei smartphones are on sale.But you’re not in China — you’re in Manchester in Britain.2.　　　　 fact,you might see similar things in many other cities.Chinese products have been going global. 

Western countries 3.　　　　(enjoy) Chinese food for a long time.Chinese restaurants have made some changes to the dishes 4.　　　　 (meet) local people’s tastes. 

Some Chinese 5.　　　　(brand) are also becoming more popular.“In many cities in Europe,stores sell TCL televisions,Haier fridges 6.　　　　 Lenovo computers,” reported Reuters.They’re not simply made in China,but 7.　　　　 (design) in the country. 

In the past,most Western people thought Chinese products were cheap but not 8.　　　　 (rely).Things have changed 9.　　　　(great),though.For example,Huawei,10.　　　　 is one of China’s major smartphone makers,overtook Apple in worldwide smartphone sales for the first time in June and July,behind only Samsung. 

答案及剖析:

1.walking　考查非谓语动词。介词after后接动词-ing形式作宾语,you与walk之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故填walking。

2.In　考查介词。句意:事实上,你可能会在很多其他的城市看到类似的事情。in fact表示“事实上”,为固定搭配。

3.have enjoyed　考查时态。句意:西方国家喜欢中国食物已经很长时间了。根据for a long time可知,强调过去的动作对现在的影响,故用现在完成时,主语western countries与enjoy存在主动关系,故填have enjoyed。

4.to meet　考查非谓语动词。此处不定式表示目的,句意:为的是迎合当地人的口味。

5.brands　考查名词复数。brand为可数名词,根据are可知主语使用名词复数,故填brands。

6.and　考查连词。TCL televisions,Haier fridges 与Lenovo computers之间是并列关系,故填and。

7.designed　考查语态。此处是谓语,They与design之间是被动关系,应该用被动语态,此处承前省略了are,故填designed。

8.reliable　考查形容词。此处与cheap并列作表语,故填reliable。

9.greatly　考查副词。此处作状语修饰动词have changed,故用副词greatly。

10.which　考查定语从句。关系词指代先行词Huawei并在非限制性定语从句中作主语,故填which。

Ⅲ.应用文写作

　　假设你是李华,你的英国朋友Harry写信向你了解网络对中国学生学习方式的影响。请根据以下提示,给他写封回信。

1.网络的发展给中国学生带来了很多新的学习方式;

2.学习方式的变化表现在课程选择方式、教学方式、作业布置等方面;

3.你的感想。

注意:1.词数80左右;

2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;

3.开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。

Dear Harry,

　　I’ m glad to receive your letter. 

                                                                                                                                                Yours,

Li Hua

　　One possible version:

Dear Harry,

I’m glad to receive your letter.You’ve asked me about new learning ways of our Chinese students on the Internet.Now let me introduce them to you.

First of all,students are able to choose subjects on the Internet according to their levels,interests and needs.Then,they can just stay at home and study in a virtual-reality school.When they put on their 3D image glasses,they will feel as though they were actually in a classroom having lessons.Besides,after class,students can get their homework sent to them by the teacher according to their different performances.

In short,the Internet plays an important role in the new ways of learning.

Yours,

Li Hua