高考英语一轮复习unit 10 money能力提升训练含答案

  必修4　Unit 10　Money

能力提升题组训练(A)

Ⅰ.阅读

Does being rich make you happy?U.S.Central Bank Chairman Ben Bernanke says that it does to some extent,but that there’s more to life than going after money.

When people say that money does not buy happiness,they generally mean “extra money”.People whose basic needs for shelter,clothing and food are not met will find it very difficult to feel happy.Even here there are exceptions,especially for people with certain religious beliefs.

Happiness research shows that for one’s level of happiness,how much one has compared with others is more important than how much one has in absolute terms.Again,this is assuming basic needs have been met.Although rich people generally feel happier than poor people in the same country,rich people in a rich country do not feel happier than rich people in a poor country,even though,in absolute terms,they have more.

This means that while keeping up with the Joneses (与别人攀比)can be harmful if we let it go too far,it is also part of human nature to feel at least on a similar level,financially,to those surrounding us.

What are our basic needs,then?For most people,the basic needs are not very basic anymore.We expect to be able to provide a family with adequate shelter,new clothing,plenty of food,health care and education,while also saving for our retirement.

“Meeting basic needs requires effort and dedication,but if your basic needs are met,take a good look at your life and at your career choices.Work-life balance is important.It doesn’t make sense to work 40 hours per week for 40 years in a job you hate,and live only for the weekend.

For most of us,once our basic needs have been met,happiness is achieved when we engage in activities that are interesting to us,spend time with friends and family,and stay active.Making money for the sake of making money does not make people happy.

1.People usually find out their level of happiness by 　　　. 

A.meeting their basic needs B.earning a lot of money

C.comparing themselves with others D.feeling happier than rich people

2.We can learn from the passage that 　　　. 

A.if basic needs are met,one should look at one’s career choices

B.it is impossible to feel happy if one’s basic needs are not met

C.it is good to compete with others

D.rich people in rich countries are happier than those in poor countries

3.Once their basic needs are met,people achieve happiness when they 　　　. 

A.get a job that is well-paid B.get a balance between work and life

C.go after more and more money D.save enough money for retirement

4.What is the passage mainly about?

A.How to make full use of one’s money. B.What affects one’s feelings.

C.How to satisfy one’s basic needs. D.Whether money leads to happiness.

语篇解读:本文是议论文,主要论述了金钱在我们生活中的意义。

答案及剖析:

1.C　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句Happiness research shows that for one’s level of happiness,how much one has compared with others is more important than how much one has in absolute terms.可知,人们通常通过和别人比较来判断自己的幸福水平,故选C。

2.A　细节理解题。根据第六段中的Meeting basic needs requires effort and dedication,but if your basic needs are met,take a good look at your life and at your career choices.可知,如果基本的生活需求满足了,人们应该着眼于自身的生活及对职业的选择,故选A。

3.B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Work-life balance is important.It doesn’t make sense to work 40 hours per week for 40 years in a job you hate,and live only for the weekend.以及最后一段可知,有钱并不能给人带来幸福,只有在满足基本生活需求的基础上,达到工作和生活的平衡,人们才能获得幸福感。故选B。

4.D　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要论述金钱在我们生活中的意义,金钱是否能给人们带来快乐的问题,故选D。

Ⅱ.七选五(2019湖南三湘名校教育联盟高三联考)

Many people feel out of place when dining simply because they don’t know how to follow table manners,especially if they have been invited to a nice place.Admittedly,it is difficult to learn every point of etiquette (礼仪) at a glance,but here are a few general pointers.1.　　 

Observe your host.

Follow their lead.2.　　　 If you are the host,don’t panic.Ensure you read up on etiquette before taking on the role of hosting and operate within the rules so that you are easy to follow. 

Wait for the host to invite you to the table.

She may assign you to a seat.Stand behind the chair as the other guests get seated.3.　　　 After you sit,pull your chair in to the table,without dragging it over the floor with a horrible noise. 

Be polite.

Consider every action before you do it.4.　　　 You must consciously stop from embarrassing yourself and your host.Take small bites; do not talk with food in your mouth; and do not place elbows on the table. 

How to pass items.

When someone says,“Please pass the...,”reach for it only if you are the closest one to it.Take the item and place it next to your neighbor.5.　　　 Don’t help yourself along the way,before the person who asked for it gets the chance.Wait politely until they have served themselves.Then ask for the bowl to be passed back to you. 

A.When the host sits,take your seat.

B.Wait for your host to finish the meal first.

C.If you have the slightest doubt,don’t do it!

D.Remember,good manners never go out of style.

E.Continue passing in this manner until it reaches others.

F.Because the host generally is the leader at a dinner party or meal.

G.It’s important to say traditional phrases of thanks before and after a meal.

答案:1-5　DFACE

Ⅲ.完形填空

I will never forget one summer in my childhood.While walking in the attic (阁楼),I stepped on something and 　1　 down,with my hand landing on a floorboard that popped up and almost hit me in the head.When I 　2　 and looked inside the open space,I could not believe my eyes: There was gold in there! I seized a handful of shining gold cubes,ran to the bottom of the stairs and 　3　,“Mama.I found gold up here under the floor!” 

Back up the stairs I dashed,　4　 my brothers almost knocked me back down as they ran right by me.When Mama opened the door and stuck her head,she 　5　 said,“Honey,that’s insulation (隔热材料).Now put it all back.” 

I felt really disappointed.I had thought I made a real 　6　. 

When I 　7　 inside to put the fake gold back,my hand touched what felt like a book.I pulled it out.It was old and small:Bartlett’s Familiar Quotations,which I’d never heard of.And 　8　 I was bored,I decided to see what was inside this little book.To my surprise,it was a book of passages,phrases,and proverbs and I could tell that this was going to be 　9　. 

So I spent quite much time on it and found comfort in these pages.As I didn’t know how to express things clearly,I often 　10　 to talk about them.This book helped me 　11　 that I didn’t need to feel ashamed or 　12　,because other people had similar experiences. 

When I went to college,Bartlett’s Familiar Quotations came with me.Over the years,I’ve kept my original 　13　,which to this day I often refer to.Although it was a 　14　 to find the book,it liberated me in a way.It helped me see more than my young mind and heart were able to understand. 

The book discovered under those floorboards was,　15　,gold. 

1.A.slowed B.calmed C.looked D.fell

2.A.bent over B.showed up C.lay down D.broke in

3.A.yelled B.sighed C.admitted D.complained

4.A.or B.so C.but D.for

5.A.simply B.thoughtfully C.honestly D.angrily

6.A.difference B.choice C.mistake D.discovery

7.A.sat B.slid C.reached D.walked

8.A.until B.now that C.unless D.so that

9.A.absurd B.controversial C.boring D.interesting

10.A.tended B.offered C.managed D.hesitated

11.A.expect B.remember C.realize D.imagine

12.A.embarrassed B.satisfied C.astonished D.tired

13.A.mind B.copy C.plan D.file

14.A.dilemma B.disaster C.pity D.coincidence

15.A.still B.indeed C.normally D.hopefully

语篇解读:这是一篇记叙文。作者小的时候在阁楼上的地板下意外地发现了“金子”,但母亲告诉作者,作者发现的不是金子而是隔热材料。当作者把隔热材料放回去的时候,发现了一本关于短文、短语和谚语的书。这本书对作者的帮助很大。作者认为被发现的这本书才是“金子”。

答案及剖析:

1.D　slowed放慢;calmed使平静;looked看;fell落下。由“with my hand landing on a floorboard”可知,作者是摔倒了。故D项切题。

2.A　bent over弯腰;showed up出现;lay down躺下;broke in破门而入。由“looked inside the open space”可知,弯下腰才能向里看,才能发现“金子”。故A项切题。

3.A　yelled叫喊;sighed叹息;admitted承认;complained抱怨。由“Mama.I found gold up here under the floor!”可知,作者以为在地板下面发现了金子,所以会很兴奋而大叫,故A项切题。

4.C　句意:……但是我的兄弟们差点把我撞倒……前后语意表示转折,所以but符合句意。

5.A　simply简单地,只是;thoughtfully周全地;honestly诚实地;angrily生气地。因为作者的母亲知道那是隔热材料,所以她很平静。故A项切题。

6.D　difference不同;choice选择;mistake错误;discovery发现。句意:我原以为,我真的发现了什么。前文的found与made a real discovery相对应。故D项切题。

7.C　sat坐;slid滑动;reached触及,够到;walked走。作者是从弹起的地板里拿出的“金子”,所以把手伸进去,才能送回原地。故C项切题。

8.B　until直到;now that既然;unless除非;so that以至于。句意:既然我感到无聊,我决定看看这本小书里写了什么。分析句子可知,前后句表示因果关系。故B项切题。

9.D　absurd荒谬的;controversial有争议的;boring令人厌烦的;interesting有趣的。由下文可知,这本书对作者产生了积极的影响,作者上大学后都一直把它带在身边,推断这本书是很有趣的。故D项切题。

10.D　tended易于;offered提供;managed应对;hesitated犹豫。因为作者不知道如何把事情表达清楚,所以在谈论事情的时候总是犹犹豫豫的。故D项切题。

11.C　expect期望;remember记得;realize意识到;imagine想象。读完这本书,作者突然明白了什么,所以是这本书帮助作者意识到了自己不需要感到羞愧……,故C项切题。

12.A　embarrassed尴尬的;satisfied满意的;astonished惊讶的;tired疲惫的。or所连接的两个词都是贬义形容词。所以 embarrassed“尴尬的”符合句意。

13.B　句意:这些年来,我一直保留着我最初的那本书……这里的copy指的是作者发现的那本书。故B项切题。

14.D　dilemma进退两难;disaster灾难;pity同情;coincidence巧合。由前文可知,作者意外发现了“金子”,碰巧发现了这本书。故D项切题。

15.B　still仍然;indeed事实上;normally正常地;hopefully有希望地。这本书对作者产生了积极的影响,所以作者把这本书比喻成了“金子”。所以用indeed来强调这本书对作者自己的价值和意义。故B项切题。

能力提升题组训练(B)

Ⅰ.阅读

A

(2019广州调研)

Petrol and diesel cars may still dominate our roads,but their days are numbered.A recent university study found that current electric cars could be used for 87 per cent of daily car journeys in the US.That figure could rise to 98 per cent by 2020.

One hurdle to the widespread adoption of electric cars has been “range anxiety”—drivers’ concerns about running out of electricity on a journey.While petrol stations are conveniently located across national road systems,the necessary network of electric charging stations is still being developed.That said,charging points are becoming increasingly common throughout the USA.

Attitudes towards electric vehicles have changed quite considerably over the last few years.Not that long ago,electric cars were met with distrust,and their large price tags drove customers away.Thanks to improvements in battery capacity,recharging times,performance and price,the current generation of electric cars is starting to persuade critics.Plug-in cars will soon give internal combustion engine models a run for their money.

As well as advancements on the road,electric vehicles are taking to the seas and skies.Electric boats are among the oldest methods of electric travel,having enjoyed several decades of popularity from the late 19th to the early 20th century before petrol-powered outboard motors took over.Now,the global drive for renewable energy sources is bringing electric boats back.Steps towards electric air travel are also being made,with Airbus and NASA among the organizations developing and testing battery powered planes.The experiments could soon make commercial electric flight a reality.

Electric vehicles do not produce any emissions.Were the US to act on the study’s findings and replace 87 per cent of its cars with electric vehicles,it would reduce the national demand for petrol by 61 per cent.However,because of the production processes and the generation of electricity required to charge these vehicles,they cannot claim to be completely emission-free.That said,as many countries continue to increase their use of renewable energy sources,electric vehicles will become even cleaner.

1.Which is the best title for this passage?

A.My Dream Car B.History of Electric Cars

C.Problems with Petrol Cars D.Driving into the Future

2.As used in Paragraph 2,the underlined word “hurdle” means 　　　. 

A.aim B.barrier C.consequence D.step

3.In the past,why did many people refuse to buy the electric cars?

A.They were not good value. B.They were very poorly designed.

C.They were not widely promoted. D.They couldn’t travel at a high speed.

4.What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?

A.To introduce the history of electric travel.

B.To explain why the world needs more electric cars.

C.To show why more people have an interest in electric cars.

D.To describe different ways electric vehicles can be used.

语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了汽油车和柴油车将逐步被电动汽车代替,以及电动交通工具在未来的发展。

答案及剖析:

1.D　标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文介绍了汽油车和柴油车将逐步被电动汽车代替,以及电动交通工具在未来的发展。D项“驶向未来”形象地概括了文章的主旨,故选D项。

2.B　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“drivers’ concerns about running out of electricity on a journey”可知,司机担心在路上没电的问题。因此,这是电动汽车普遍的一个障碍,故选B项。

3.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Not that long ago,electric cars were met with distrust,and their large price tags drove customers away.”可知,人们是被当时这种电动汽车的价格吓跑的;根据该段中的“Thanks to improvements in battery capacity,recharging times,performance and price,the current generation of electric cars is starting to persuade critics.”可知,随着电池容量、可充电次数的增加、汽车性能的改善和价格的优化,现在这一代电动汽车已经开始吸引消费者购买了。这说明以前的电动汽车在各方面还不够完善,人们认为不值那个价钱,故选A项。

4.D　段落大意题。根据第四段中的“electric vehicles are taking to the seas and skies”可知,除了在公路上,其他地方也可以使用电动交通工具,故选D项。

B

(2019太原高三阶段性测评)

In the far corner of the front yard of a large house in Florida rests an RV—Recreational Vehicle (活动房屋式旅游车),shaded by trees as clothing on a nearby line sways in the breeze.In this RV,National Geographic explorer Thomas Culhane lives with his wife,Enas,almost entirely off the grid—a lifestyle without relying on electricity supply.

Culhane began living off the grid in the late 1990s,when he went into the basement of his apartment building in Los Angeles and pulled the plug that delivered electricity.Even earlier though,he was first inspired by sustainable living during a trip in 1970 to visit his relatives.He was eight years old and worried that his stay in their small village was going to be miserable because his relatives told him they had no air conditioning or electricity—but they had plenty of fresh fruits from orchards (果园) and lots of cold drinks chilled by the icy stream from the ice caps of the nearby mountain.“This is amazing,” says Culhane.

He met Enas when she was living in an ecovillage in Portugal.Enas said she liked the feeling of being low-impact,of being virtually harmless to the earth.Culhane was impressed and fell in love with her.The couple got married,living on the same property that they currently have.They moved into their first home together—an RV which they promptly took completely off-grid.

Inside their RV,Culhane and Enas have hot showers,a working gas stove,a refrigerator,a washing machine and a big screen TV.They use gas created by their on-site biodigesters (生物煮解器) to cook on a gas-powered stove.They also use energy created by the biodigesters to heat their bath water.They feed the biodigesters using their own food waste—at no additional cost to the earth.

Sometimes on weekends,the RV is turned into a classroom.The couple host workshops to let the community members and students know living an off-grid life is getting easier and teach them how to respect and coexist peacefully with the environment.

5.What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2?

A.Add some background information. B.Summarize the previous paragraph.

C.Provide some advice for the readers. D.Introduce a new topic for discussion.

6.What attracted Culhane most when he first met Enas?

A.Her marriage property. B.Their common life belief.

C.The beauty of her ecovillage. D.Her experience of exploration.

7.What do the biodigesters produce?

A.Food waste. B.Additional costs. C.Greenhouse gases. D.Alternative energy.

8.What can be a suitable title for the text?

A.An RV Classroom B.Living off the Grid

C.Getting Close to Nature D.Protecting the Environment

语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了Culhane和Enas这对夫妇在活动房屋式旅游车中自给自足的生活。

答案及剖析:

5.A　推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可推知,本段主要介绍了Culhane居住在活动房屋式旅游车里之前的一些背景信息。

6.B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Enas said she liked the feeling of being low-impact,of being virtually harmless to the earth.Culhane was impressed and fell in love with her.”可推知,当Culhane第一次见到Enas的时候,最吸引他的是他们共同的生活信念。

7.D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“They use gas...to heat their bath water.”可知,生物煮解器可产生替代能源。

8.B　标题归纳题。通读全文内容,尤其是第一段最后一句中的“Thomas Culhane lives with his wife,Enas,almost entirely off the grid—a lifestyle without relying on electricity supply”,第二段第一句话中的“Culhane began living off the grid in the late 1990s”和最后一段中的“The couple host workshops to let the community members and students know living an off-grid life is getting easier”可知,本文主要讲述了Culhane和Enas这对夫妇脱离电力供应,住在活动房屋式旅游车中的自给自足的生活,故选B。

Ⅱ.语法填空

　　Last October,while tending her garden in Mora,Sweden,Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 1.　　　　 (carrot) and was about to throw them away.But something made her look closer,and she noticed a 2.　　　　 (shine) object.Yes,there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring. 

Pahlsson screamed 3.　　　　 loudly that her daughter came running from the house.“She thought I had hurt 4.　　　　 (I),”says Pahlsson. 

Sixteen years 5.　　　　 (early),Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 6.　　　　 (cook) a meal.When she wanted to put the ring back on later,it was gone.She suspected that one of her three daughters—then ten,eight,and six—had picked it up,but the girls said they hadn’t.Pahlsson and her husband 7.　　　　 (search) the kitchen,checking every corner,but turned up nothing.“I gave up hope of finding my ring again,”she says.She never replaced it. 

Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 8.　　　　 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden,9.　　　　 it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.For Pahlsson,its return was 10.　　　　 wonder. 

答案及剖析:

1.carrots　考查名词单复数。carrot为可数名词,根据下文指代carrot的代词them可知填复数形式。

2.shiny/shining　考查形容词。此处需用形容词shiny/shining修饰名词object。

3.so　考查副词。此处为副词so修饰副词loudly构成句型so...that结构。

4.myself　考查反身代词。反身代词作动词hurt的宾语。句意:她以为我伤了自己。

5.earlier　考查副词比较级。此处表示“早在16年前”需用比较级形式。

6.to cook　考查非谓语动词。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。

7.searched　考查时态。根据语境,此处描述过去的事情,需用一般过去时。

8.swept　考查非谓语动词。此处为被动语态,表示“the ring”被扫进了厨房的垃圾堆,应用“get+过去分词”构成被动语态。

9.where　考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句中缺少地点状语,故填关系副词where。

10.a　考查冠词。a wonder 一个奇迹。