高考英语一轮复习unit 18 beauty能力提升训练含答案

  Unit 18　Beauty

能力提升题组训练(A)

Ⅰ.阅读

It’s hair-raising news for criminals on the run.Scientists behind a new study have worked out how to identify individuals only based on the proteins(蛋白质) in a single strand of their hair.

While the police already look at DNA from hair as part of investigations,the technique is far from ideal:DNA is easily degradable,meaning it can only be analysed within a certain time period after the crime.But the new technique could even be used to solve historical or archaeological cases,making it far superior to DNA sequencing in many ways.

DNA degradation depends on several environmental factors including temperature,humidity and PH.It is also affected by the activity of bacteria and other microorganisms.In contrast,actual hairs can survive for a long time—sometimes centuries.After bones and teeth,hair is in fact one of the most resistant structures of the human body.

In order to understand how the protein can be used to identify individuals,it is important to understand that proteins are coded by DNA.This means that a certain level of the genetic variation that we see in different people’s DNA passes into their proteins.In fact,genetic information in the DNA is translated into amino-acid chains that make up proteins.

The method not only allows for human identification but it can also reveal how old the sample is and what region it comes from,so that we can distinguish between current and ancient samples.But while the discovery is exciting,the technique is not quite polished enough to be used in the court room.The main task now will be to analyse hair samples from all over the world,which will make it a lot more reliable.

The new discovery will boost the significance of hair as evidence in courts,at a time when some forensic(司法鉴定的) disciplines have been criticised in the US.It will also be of great use in archaeology.

1.What’s the main idea of the passage?

A.DNA evidence is far from ideal. B.Criminals on the run get hair-raising news.

C.Scientists are planning a test of human hair. D.Humans can be identified by proteins in hair.

2.Which evidence is more reliable for the police to identify a criminal?

A.Lost teeth. B.The footprint. C.Personal belongings. D.Damaged DNA.

3.In what way is the new technique superior to DNA test?

A.Serving as evidence in courts. B.Possessing genetic information.

C.Inferring the height of a person. D.Distinguishing the region of a person.

4.Who will welcome the discovery?

A.Criminals. B.Employers. C.Hairdressers. D.Archaeologists.

语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。尽管大多数犯罪现场都含有人的毛发,但是细胞核DNA往往缺失,阻碍了案件的侦破。为此,法医界也在积极开发DNA分析以外的身份识别技术。美国联邦安全实验室近日提出了一种方法,将毛发中的蛋白标志物与DNA分析相结合,可实现更准确的人类身份识别。

答案及剖析:

1.D　主旨大意题。根据全文可知,研究表明,可以通过对人毛发中的蛋白质的分析来确定一个人的身份。故选 D项。

2.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中After bones and teeth,hair is in fact one of the most resistant structures of the human body.可知,骨骼和牙齿是警方进行身份认定的最为可靠的证据。

3.D　细节理解题。根据第五段中The method not only allows for human identification but it can also reveal how old the sample is and what region it comes from,so that we can distinguish between current and ancient samples.可知,这一方法不仅可以显示个人身份,还可以显示标本的来源地。

4.D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中It will also be of great use in archaeology.可知,这一发现在考古学研究方面价值极高。故选D项。

Ⅱ.七选五

Tips for the Perfect Selfie(自拍)

You can take a selfie with a hand-held digital camera or mobile phone and later share it on the Internet.So selfies have been especially popular over the years.1.　　　 Love them or hate them,selfies show no sign of stopping. 

After all,the selfie is the most important way to show off on holiday.Everyone has his own way to take the holiday selfies.How can you take the best holiday selfies?2.　　 

◆“Food chew”style

Want to let everyone know how exciting your holiday food choices are?3.　　　You can also cut off a piece to show off what’s inside.But don’t have food hanging out of your mouth. 

◆“I’m so adventurous”style

Rock climbing,hiking,surfing,or skiing.4.　　　 Just let the natural settings make people go “wow”.One commonly used gesture is spreading out an arm to show how thrilled you are.But remember that no one likes a sweaty selfie. 

◆“I am a cultured tourist”style

5.　　　 You can also try an optical illusion(视错觉) by making it look like you’re holding up the Leaning Tower of Pisa,touching the top of the Eiffel Tower,or picking the Sphinx’s nose. 

A.Just taking a selfie against a famous cultural site makes you look great.

B.Some people have no idea where to travel.

C.According to a recent survey,half of the interviewees admitted taking selfies while on holiday.

D.These adventurous holiday moments are great for a selfie.

E.Different cultures have different characteristics of food.

F.Hold up some food on your fork or chopsticks.

G.Here are some useful posing tips for you.

答案:1-5　CGFDA

Ⅲ.完形填空

The song that has meant the most to me is called I Believe I Can Fly by R.Kelly.I chose this song because every time I listen to the song it 　1　 me that as long as I believe,I can be or do whatever I want in life with a 　2　. 

I didn’t know much of what the song 　3　 a long time ago.But as I grew older,I still loved the song and started to listen to the words more and more.Every time I listen to it,I think about all the difficulties I have 　4　. 

When I was little,I had to use a wheelchair and a walker because I have a disability named Cerebral Palsy(大脑性瘫痪).The doctors told my mother I had a small 　5　 of ever walking but I was determined to walk.I knew that I had to believe in myself to achieve my goal to walk someday. 

One day the doctor told my mother that he could do a(n) 　6　 that would help me walk.So when I was three and a half,I had my first surgery. 

I disliked the cast (石膏) because it was a half body cast,with a bar in the middle of my legs,and it was very itchy(痒的).I was a very 　7　 kid,so being in a bed for six weeks,not being able to 　8　,made me feel terrible.I knew after all the pain and the crying it would be worth it in the long run. 

Finally,at the age of four,I got my cast off and I felt 　9　 when I finally went through all the therapy(治疗) and learned how to 　10　. 

The song says,“I see me running through that open door.”That’s 　11　 I felt like;I believed I could fly just like the song says.That day it felt like I was on cloud nine 　12　 my wings. 

I’ve always believed I can touch the sky.I still have more difficulties to overcome,　13　 I will always believe I can fly.The song 　14　 me so well that I feel like the song was written for me.As the years 　15　,I am going to continue to spread my wings and believe. 

1.A.shows B.reminds C.cheats D.informs

2.A.shake B.dream C.disability D.shock

3.A.was B.sang C.wrote D.meant

4.A.overcome B.touched C.seen D.beaten

5.A.occasion B.activity C.chance D.reason

6.A.discussion B.experiment C.change D.operation

7.A.weak B.active C.lazy D.quiet

8.A.move B.lie C.stand D.run

9.A.healthy B.free C.easy D.close

10.A.jump B.live C.walk D.relax

11.A.that B.which C.what D.who

12.A.washing B.beating C.expanding D.spreading

13.A.so B.or C.thus D.but

14.A.tells B.describes C.explains D.teaches

15.A.go by B.go out C.go up D.go for

语篇解读:本文主要讲述了作者被一首叫I Believe I Can Fly的歌曲所鼓舞,勇敢地面对残疾,克服各种困难,最终能够行走的故事。

答案及剖析:

1.B　句意:我选择这首歌,是因为每次我听到这首歌,它都会提醒我,只要我相信,我也能成为我想成为的人,做我想做的事。remind sb. that... 意为“使某人想起……,提醒某人……”。

2.C　根据第三段第一句中的I have a disability named Cerebral Palsy 可知,“我”患有残疾。

3.D　根据句意可知,很久之前“我”并不是很清楚这首歌是什么意思。与文章第一句相呼应。

4.A　从下文内容可知,“我”曾克服了很多困难,故A项正确。此空与第13空前的overcome 相呼应。

5.C　根据前文可知“我”患有大脑性瘫痪,而空后表达“我”决定行走,前后文有转折之意。由此可推断出医生告诉“我”的妈妈,“我”能走路的希望很渺茫。small 修饰 chance,意为“机会渺茫,可能性很小”。

6.D　根据空格后的that would help me walk 和下文的surgery 可知,医生告诉妈妈他可以给“我”做一次手术(operation)。

7.B　根据空后的so being in a bed for six weeks,not being able to 　　　　,made me feel terrible.可知,“我”觉得在床上躺六周不能动很可怕,因为“我”是一个活泼好动的(active)孩子。 

8.A　根据前文可知,做完手术后,“我”的腿打了石膏,所以“我”只能躺在床上,不能动(move)。

9.B　根据前面的I got my cast off 可知,“我”摘除石膏后应该感到特别自由(free)。

10.C　根据上文的that would help me walk 可知,治疗结束后,“我”学会了行走(walk)。

11.C　设空处引导表语从句,因从句中felt like 后缺少宾语,故用what 引导。

12.D　根据前文的fly 可知,飞翔是要展开翅膀的。此空与第15空后的spread my wings 相呼应。

13.D　空前为“我还有很多困难要克服”,空后是“我相信我能飞”,前后句之间为转折关系。

14.B　根据空后的I feel like the song was written for me 可知,“我”感觉这首歌像是为“我”写的,是因为歌曲很好地描写了(describes)“我”的处境。

15.A　句意:随着时光的流逝,我要继续张开翅膀,并相信(我能飞翔)。go by 意为“(时间等)流逝”;go out 意为“外出,熄灭”;go up 意为“上升;响起”;go for 意为“适用于;喜欢;争取得到”。

能力提升题组训练(B)

Ⅰ.阅读

A

(2019河南六市高三一模)

Art has always been a vital part of my life.When I was old enough to appreciate genuine fine art,my parents started bringing me to museums that housed works of the greatest artists in the world.

When my art teacher asked us to do a Cubist(立体派的)drawing,my first thought was that she was just joking.I didn’t like Cubism.I thought to do so means making fun of the true artists I admired.Unwillingly,I began to find out items for my drawing.I carelessly drew the objects all from different view points.The pictures all looked like a mess of lines and shapes anyway,but I was more concerned with how many more minutes were in the period because I was hungry.Yet,the other part of me was growing quieter.I began to take my task seriously and darken specific lines.I stared at my drawing and determined which ones needed to be emphasized.I was soon shading certain shapes black and they brought out important figures.It must be absolutely perfect.

When I showed her my finished drawing,my teacher looked at me with her huge smile and simply stated,“You are a Cubist.” At that moment the world stopped moving.My cubist drawing was the best piece of art I had ever created,not because I had spent the most time on it but because I had felt it.I thought of how I produced it.Once I felt frustrated,trying to perfect my black lines.Another time I was delighted in breathing life into the drawing by adding color.All of these emotions showed themselves in my work,giving it life that none of my previous works had had.Cubism set me free,showing everything I knew,everything I was,and everything I wished I could be.I had found the missing link,and the world began to move again.

1.How did the author first react to his art teacher’s request?

A.He was unwilling to do it. B.He was pleased to do it.

C.He was worried about it. D.He was confused about it.

2.What do you think of the writer according to the text?

A.Absent-minded. B.Self-centred. C.Warm-hearted. D.Strong-willed.

3.What does the underlined part in the last paragraph refer to?

A.The enthusiasm of painting. B.The relationship with his teacher.

C.The method to do a Cubist drawing. D.The determination to be a Cubist.

4.What lesson can we get from the text?

A.Practice makes perfect. B.Attitude is everything.

C.It is never too old to learn. D.Action speaks louder than words.

语篇解读:本文为记叙文。作者讲述了自己完成美术老师交给的一项任务——画一幅立体派的绘画。作者的第一反应是老师只是在开玩笑。开始,他不情愿,后来,他开始认真对待自己的任务,最终创作出了一幅非常完美的作品。

答案及剖析:

1.A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的Unwillingly,I began to find out items for my drawing.I carelessly drew the objects all from different view points.可知,作者对美术老师的要求,很不情愿。故A项正确。

2.D　推理判断题。作者开始的时候对美术老师的要求充满了不情愿,但是后来还是通过自己的努力创作出了一幅完美的绘画作品。由此可知,作者是一个意志坚强的人。故D项正确。

3.A　句意理解题。根据最后一段中的Cubism set me free,showing everything I knew,everything I was,and everything I wished I could be.(立体主义解放了我,展示了我所知道的一切,我是什么,我希望我能成为什么)可推知,这次创作过程让作者找到了对立体主义绘画的热情。故A项正确。

4.B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的I began to take my task seriously and darken specific lines.I stared at my drawing and determined which ones needed to be emphasized.I was soon shading certain shapes black and they brought out important figures.It must be absolutely perfect.及最终创作出了自己创作过的最好的艺术作品可知,态度决定一切。故B项正确。

B

(2019湖北十堰高三模拟)

You know the feeling that you have left your phone at home and feel anxious,as if you have lost your connection to the world.“Nomophobia” (无手机恐惧症) affects teenagers and adults alike.You can even do an online test to see if you have it.Last week,researchers from Hong Kong warned that nomophobia is infecting everyone.Their study found that people who use their phones to store,share and access personal memories suffer most.When users were asked to describe how they felt about their phones,words such as “hurt” (neck pain was often reported) and “alone” predicted higher levels of nomophobia.

“The findings of our study suggest that users regard smartphones as their extended selves and get attached to the devices,” said Dr.Kim Ki Joon.“People experience feelings of anxiety and unpleasantness when separated from their phones.” Meanwhile,an American study shows that smartphone separation can lead to an increase in heart rate and blood pressure.

So can being without your phone really give you separation anxiety?Professor Mark Griffiths,psychologist and director of the International Gaming Research Unit at Nottingham Trent University,says it is what is on the phone that counts the social networking that creates Fomo (fear of missing out).

“We are talking about an Internet-connected device that allows people to deal with lots of aspects of their lives,” says Griffiths.“You would have to surgically remove a phone from a teenager because their whole life is rooted in this device.”

Griffiths thinks attachment theory,where we develop emotional dependency on the phone because it holds details of our lives,is a small part of nomophobia.For “screenagers”,it is Fomo that creates the most separation anxiety.If they can’t see what’s happening on Snapchat or Instagram,they become panic-stricken about not knowing what’s going on socially.“But they adapt very quickly if you take them on holiday and there’s no Internet,” says Griffiths.

5.Which of the following may Dr.Kim Ki Joon agree with?

A.We waste too much time on phones. B.Phones have become part of some users.

C.Addiction to phones makes memories suffer. D.Phones and blood pressure are closely linked.

6.According to Griffiths,we get nomophobia because 　　　. 

A.we are accustomed to having a phone on us

B.we need our phones to help us store information

C.we worry we may miss out what our friends are doing

D.we fear without phones we will run into a lot of trouble

7.Where can you probably find the above passage?

A.In a research report. B.In a fashion brochure.

C.In a science textbook. D.In a popular science magazine.

语篇解读:本文为说明文。当今社会的许多人成了手机控,只要手机不在身边就会出现“无手机恐惧症”,会感到焦虑不安,好像失去了与世界的联系。这是因为人们把智能手机当作存储、分享和访问他人,与朋友联系的一种工具。

答案及剖析:

5.B　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Nomophobia” (无手机恐惧症) affects teenagers and adults alike.You can even do an online test to see if you have it.Last week,researchers from Hong Kong warned that nomophobia is infecting everyone.第二段中的users regard smartphones as their extended selves and get attached to the devices及第五段中的If they can’t see what’s happening on Snapchat or Instagram,they become panic-stricken about not knowing what’s going on socially.可知,现在的手机已成为许多人生活中的一部分了,故选B项。

6.C　推理判断题。第三段中的最后一句it is what is on the phone that counts the social networking that creates Fomo (fear of missing out)。手机上的东西才是最重要的——社交网络让人们害怕错过朋友们发的东西,担心不知道朋友在做什么,可知C项正确。

7.D　推理判断题。本文主要叙述当今社会的许多人成为了手机控及其原因。有的人只要手机不在身边就会出现无手机恐惧症,感到焦虑不安,好像失去了与世界的联系,这是因为智能手机是人们存储、分享和访问他人,与朋友联系的一种工具。可知这种文章一般会出现在科普杂志上。故选D项。

Ⅱ.语法填空(2019河北石家庄高三一模)

Calligraphy,the art of writing,was the visual art form prized above all others in traditional China.Painting was contemporary with calligraphy,sharing 1.　　　　 same tools—namely,brush and ink.Yet calligraphy was regarded 2.　　　　 a fine art long before painting. 

The status of calligraphy reflects the importance of the word in China.3.　　　　 makes the written words distinctive is its visual form.However,despite its abstract 4.　　　　 (appear),calligraphy is not an abstract form.Chinese characters are dynamic,closely connected with the forces of nature and the kinesthetic (运动) energies of the human body. 

How can a simple character convey all this?The use of brush and ink 5.　　　　 (have) much to do with it.A calligrapher can control the 6.　　　　 (thick) of the ink by varying both the amount of water and the solid ink.Once he starts writing,by loading the brush sometimes with 7.　　　　 (much) ink or sometimes with less,he creates characters that resemble a shower of rocks here and a drop of dew (露珠) there. 

The Chinese written language 8.　　　 (begin) to develop more than 3,000 years ago and 9.　　　 (eventual) evolved into five basic script types.Over the centuries,calligraphers were free to write in any of them,10.　　　 (depend) on the text’s function.The calligraphic tradition remains alive today. 

答案及剖析:

1.the　考查冠词。形容词same,通常与the连用。句意:绘画和书法是同时代的,使用同样的工具,即笔墨。

2.as　考查固定短语。短语be regarded as被视为……

3.What　考查名词性从句。主语从句中,从句缺少主语,故用what引导。

4.appearance　考查词性转换。形容词abstract后接名词形式。

5.has　考查主谓一致。句中主语为单数名词use,故谓语动词用单数形式。

6.thickness　考查词性转换。定冠词the和介词of之间用名词形式。

7.more　考查比较级。根据with less提示可知,这里用比较级more。

8.began　考查时态。根据句中时间状语more than 3,000 years ago可知,用一般过去时。

9.eventually　考查词性转换。此处是副词修饰整个句子。

10.depending　考查非谓语动词。句中逻辑主语与动词depend之间为主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。

Ⅲ.应用文写作

假定你是李华,你的美国朋友Jack下学期将作为交换生来你校学习,他想学习传统中国画。请你写一封邮件给他建议。内容包括:

1.选修你校开设的中国画课程;

2.上课时间和地点;

3.工具和材料:毛笔、墨和宣纸等。

参考词汇: 选修课 optional course　中国画 Chinese painting　毛笔 Chinese brush

注意:1.词数80左右,格式已给出,不计入总词数;

2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

Dear Jack,

                                                                                                                                                Yours,

Li Hua

One possible version:

Dear Jack,

How are you?I really hope you are getting ready for the exchange program!Last time,you mentioned that you were interested in traditional Chinese painting.Here is my advice for you.

My school will offer an optional course on learning to paint in a traditional Chinese style.The class will meet every Friday from 12:00 pm to 2:00 pm in Room 211 at the new Yifu building.If you are interested,please remember to register.When you arrive,I can take you to buy the appropriate tools such as Chinese brush,ink,and paper.

Looking forward to seeing you as early as possible!

Yours,

Li Hua