高考英语一轮复习课后达标 unit 21 human biology含答案

课时练1　2篇阅读＋1篇完形

 阅读理解

A

(2020·济南模拟)We humans love to stare into our smart devices. We gaze for hours—about 10 hours and 39 minutes a day—at our computers, smartphones, tablets and televisions. Is all this staring bad for us? It might be, mainly because as we stare at our devices we are exposing ourselves to blue light.

Blue light is a type of electromagnetic(电磁的) radiation with a very short wavelength that produces a high amount of energy. While it’s true that light can damage our eyes under certain circumstances, there’s no scientific evidence suggesting that blue light is harmful to our eyes. But many people still think it is, which is why blue­light­blocking glasses are so popular. So do the glasses work?

“Everyone is very concerned that blue light may be causing damage to the eye, but there’s no evidence that it may be causing serious damage，” Dr. Rahul Khurana, clinical spokesman for the American Academy of Ophthalmology, told Business Insider.

Blue light exposure is nothing new. In fact, the sun is the largest source of blue light. Moreover, blue light is also present in LED light. But if blue light isn’t harmful, then why are we constantly rubbing our eyes when we’re looking at our screens? The answer is eyestrain (眼疲劳): More than 60 percent of people experience eye problems associated with digital eyestrain. And blue light, it seems, isn’t the cause. Instead, our eyes are so strained because most of us blink less when we stare at our digital devices. So if eyestrain is the issue, blue­light­blocking glasses are probably of little use.

【解题导语】　该文主要探讨了蓝光是否对我们的眼睛有害的问题。

1．What do we know about blue light?

A．It is a kind of nuclear radiation.

B．It has the shortest wavelength.

C．It may come from electronic devices.

D．It consumes a great deal of energy.

C　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“It might be, mainly because as we stare at our devices we are exposing ourselves to blue light.”可推知，电子设备会发出蓝光。

2．What causes the popularity of blue­light­blocking glasses?

A．Evidence of their benefits to eyes.

B．Belief in blue light’s harmful effect.

C．Widespread use of smart devices.

D．Scientific understanding of blue light.

B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“there’s no scientific evidence suggesting that blue light is harmful to our eyes. But many people still think it is, which is why blue­light­blocking glasses are so popular.”可知，防蓝光眼镜流行的原因是人们认为蓝光会对眼睛有害。

3．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?

A．Blue light exposure is hardly avoidable.

B．Eye problems are not easy to deal with.

C．Blue light may connect with tired eyes.

D．Rubbing eyes makes people strained.

A　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的前三句“Blue light exposure is nothing new. In fact, the sun is the largest source of blue light. Moreover, blue light is also present in LED light.”可知，阳光是蓝光最大的来源，而且蓝光也存在于LED灯中。由此可推知，接触蓝光几乎是不可避免的。

4．According to the text, wearing blue­light­blocking glasses may be ________．

A．tiring　　　　　　　　　 B．harmful

C．useless   D．beneficial

C　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“So if eyestrain is the issue, blue­light­blocking glasses are probably of little use.”可知，戴防蓝光眼镜可能是没有用处的。

B

(2020· 郑州摸底测试) Running is often tiring and a lot of hard work, but nothing beats the feeling you get after finishing a long workout around the track.

But while it’s long been believed that endorphins(内啡肽)—chemicals in the body that cause happiness—are behind the so­called “runner’s high”， a study suggested that there may be more to this phenomenon than we previously knew.

According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities, a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids(内源性大麻素) may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.

To test this theory, the scientists turned to mice.

Both mice and humans release high levels of endorphins and endocannabinoids after exercise, along with many other chemicals. After exercising on running wheels, the mice seemed happy and relaxed and displayed no signs of anxiety.

But after being given a drug to block their endorphins they changed. However, when their endocannabinoids were blocked with a different drug, the runner’s high symptoms seemed to fade.

“The long­held notion of endorphins being responsible for the runner’s high is false. Endorphins are effective pain relievers, but only when it comes to the pain in your body and muscles you feel after working out，” Patrick Lucas Austin wrote on a science blog.

Similar studies are yet to be carried out on humans, but it’s already well known that exercise is a highly effective way to get rid of stress or anxiety.

The UK’s National Health Service even prescribes(开药方)exercise for patients who are suffering from depression.

“Being depressed can leave you feeling low in energy, which might put you off being more active. Regular exercise can boost your mood if you have depression, and it’s especially useful for people with mild to moderate(中等的) depression，” it wrote on its website.

It seems like nothing can beat that feeling we get after a good workout, even if we don’t fully understand where it comes from. At least if we’re feeling down, we know that all we have to do is put on our running shoes.

【解题导语】　本文主要探究了影响运动者情绪高涨的因素。

5．What did scientists from German universities recently discover?

A．Working out is a highly effective way to treat depression.

B．The runner’s high could be caused by endocannabinoids.

C．Endorphins may contribute to one’s high spirits after running.

D．The level of endorphins and endocannabinoids could affect one’s mood.

B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities, a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids(内源性大麻素) may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.”可知，德国一些大学的科学家们最近发现了跑步者情绪高涨是由内源性大麻素引起的，故选B。

6．The scientists gave mice drugs in their experiment to ________.

A．find what reduces the runner’s high symptoms

B．see the specific symptoms of the runner’s high

C．identify what is responsible for the runner’s high

D．test what influences the level of endocannabinoids released

C　解析：推理判断题。根据对第二段和第三段的整体理解，并结合第四段“To test this theory, the scientists turned to mice.”可推知，科学家们在实验中给老鼠药物是为了确定究竟是哪种物质会引起跑步者的情绪高涨，故选C。

7．The underlined word “notion” in Paragraph 7 has the closest meaning to “________”．

A．effect   B．goal

C．question   D．belief

D　解析：词义猜测题。根据对全文内容的理解可知，该词所在句子与第二段“But while it’s long been believed that endorphins(内啡肽)—chemicals in the body that cause happiness—are behind the so­called ‘runner’s high’， a study suggested that there may be more to this phenomenon than we previously knew.”呼应，并结合本句结构可推知，此处notion与believed相呼应，故选D。

8．According to the UK’s National Health Service, regular workouts ________．

A．are the best way to treat depression

B．can help ease depression symptoms

C．only work for those with serious depression

D．can help people completely recover from depression

B　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三、四段和倒数第二段第二句“Regular exercise can boost your mood if you have depression, and it’s especially useful for people with mild to moderate(中等的)depression.”可知，常规锻炼有利于情绪好转及缓解抑郁症状，故选B。

 完形填空

(2020·石家庄重点高中摸底考试)On my way back home I was stopped at traffic lights by some people who asked for help. A woman—in her attempt to give __1__ to an ambulance—had driven her car over stony obstacles that separated the bike line from the street, and, as a result, had gotten her car __2__. She couldn’t move the car in any __3__ without damaging it. A couple of people tried to __4__ the car back but the obstacles were too high. Seeing that they couldn’t do much about it, they left. The woman in the car tried to __5__ some service, and was told that it would take about 45 minutes for someone to get there.

While watching the other people __6__， I realized the woman would be on her own and I imagined how __7__ that would be if I were in her shoes. After some talking, she __8__ me to sit inside her car.

I wasn’t in a hurry, so I __9__ my family that I would be later and then tried to __10__ the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others __11__. But actually it wasn’t too much trouble __12__ they could still pass, and also there wasn’t anything she could do about it __13__. We laughed and __14__ that all we needed was some tea for our picnic.

Finally __15__ came and helped her back on the street. She __16__me and asked for my phone number so she could return the __17__， but I told her it was okay. She seemed to feel much __18__ when we said our goodbyes. I believe that not having to face a difficult situation __19__ can make a lot of __20__．

【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者安慰并帮助一位在马路上因为给救护车让行而陷入困境的女士的故事。

1．A.signal   B．way

C．time   D．help

B　解析：一位女士试图给一辆救护车让行。give way to...“给……让行”，为固定搭配。故选B。

2．A.stuck   B．broken

C．dirty   D．abandoned

A　解析：根据下文中的“She couldn’t move the car”可推知，因为给救护车让行，这位女士的车卡(stuck)在那里不能动弹。

3．A.sense   B．minute

C．direction   D．line

C　解析：在不损坏车的情况下，无论往哪个方向(direction)都无法移动。

4．A.lift   B．hold

C．pull   D．drive

A　解析：根据上文中的“She couldn’t move the car”以及下文中的“but the obstacles were too high”可推知，车子卡在那里，障碍物太高，不能被抬(lift)回来。

5．A.offer   B．seek

C．refuse   D．take

B　解析：那位女士在车里试图寻求(seek)一些服务。

6．A.shout   B．discuss

C．stand   D．leave

D　解析：根据上文中的“Seeing that they couldn’t do much about it, they left.”可知，当时其他人因为帮不了什么忙，都走开(leave)了。

7．A.amazing   B．pleasant

C．uneasy   D．incredible

C　解析：根据上文可知，那位女士的车被卡在障碍物上，其他人又帮不上忙，作者将心比心，觉得此情此景，那位女士一定不舒服(uneasy)，与下文中的“the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others ______”呼应。

8．A.forced   B．invited

C．ordered   D．allowed

B　解析：根据语境可推知，那位女士邀请(invited)作者坐进她的车里。

9．A.consulted   B．warned

C．advised   D．informed

D　解析：根据语境及下文中的“I would be later”可推知，作者是通知(informed)家人一些情况。

10．A.persuade   B．comfort

C．frighten   D．satisfy

B　解析：根据空后的“the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others ______”可推知，那位女士似乎感到焦虑不安，作者试图宽慰(comfort)她，这与下文“We laughed and ______ that all we needed was some tea for our picnic.”呼应。

11．A.trouble   B．disbelief

C．anxiety   D．embarrassment

A　解析：根据下文中的“But actually it wasn’t too much trouble ______ they could still pass”可推知，那位女士为给他人带来麻烦(trouble)而感到焦虑不安。

12．A.though   B．until

C．since   D．unless

C　解析：根据语境可推知，此处前后内容表示逻辑上的因果关系。故since “因为” 符合语境。

13．A.anyway   B．therefore

C．still   D．somehow

A　解析：根据上文“She couldn’t move the car in any ______ without damaging it.”可推知，无论如何(anyway)，那位女士对当时那种情况也是无能为力的。

14．A.remembered   B．realized

C．thought   D．joked

D　解析：由空前的“We laughed”可推知，作者和那位女士当时都笑了，并且开着玩笑(joked)。

15．A.news   B．my partner

C．assistance   D．an ambulance

C　解析：根据空后的“helped her back on the street”可推知，最终援助(assistance)到了，帮那位女士回到了路上。

16．A.greeted   B．thanked

C．accepted   D．attracted

B　解析：根据语境可知，作者去安慰那位受困的女士，那位女士在最终解困后应是感谢(thanked)作者。

17．A.car   B．company

C．favor   D．picnic

C　解析：根据语境可推知，那位女士想要作者的电话号码，以回报作者的帮助(favor)。

18．A.nervous   B．unwilling

C．disappointed   D．better

D　解析：根据语境可知，那位女士从困境中解脱出来，感觉比之前好了许多。故D项符合语境。

19．A.alone   B．bravely

C．bitterly   D．directly

A　解析：根据上文可知，由于作者的帮助和安慰，最终那位女士心情变好了许多，由此可推知，她当时不是独自(alone)面对困境。

20．A.decision   B．fortune

C．choice   D．difference

D　解析：作者认为不用独自面对困境可以产生很大影响(difference)。

课时练2　1篇阅读＋1篇七选五＋

1篇改错＋1篇书面表达

 阅读理解

(2020·洛阳、许昌质检)We are what we eat. That is an old expression, but one worth knowing. A recent look at diets around the world shows that people who eat healthy food—and not too much of it—live longer. But which areas of the world have the best diets? Researchers found that foods in some of the healthiest diets—Mediterranean diet, New Nordic diet, Japanese diet and French diet—may be very different, but they are all heavy on local and seasonal foods, which include more vegetables and seafood and less red meat.

Mediterranean diet contains lots of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and olive oil. The diet has proper amounts of fish and poultry(家禽肉). Red meat and foods high in sugar and salt are not big parts of this diet.

New Nordic diet has whole grains like oats and rye, vegetables such as carrots, broccoli and eggs, seafood, fruits, oil, low­fat milk and cheese. Sugary desserts are not common in this diet.

Japanese people are some of the longest living people on the planet, with women up to 87 years old and men up to 80. The Japanese diet is the reason for such lengths of life. The diet has many foods that are low in calories and high in nutrients. Japanese people eat a lot of seaweed, tofu, rice, vegetables and fish. The tradition there is to stop eating when your stomach feels 80 percent full.

However, French people eat fatty foods but do not get fat. And they live a long time. This phenomenon is called the “French Paradox”. The reason why the French eat fatty foods without getting fat may be simple. They eat less. Serving sizes in French restaurants and of products sold in stores are smaller than those in most countries. And generally speaking, most French people do not snack. This means they do not eat food between meals.

【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了世界上四种最健康的饮食。

1．What do we know about the healthiest diets around the world?

A．They contain abundant calories.

B．They tend to be expensive.

C．They share certain similarities.

D．They reflect popular tastes.

C　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“may be very different, but they are all heavy on local and seasonal foods, which include more vegetables and seafood and less red meat”可知，尽管有不同之处，但世界上最健康的饮食都侧重于使用当地的和时令的食物，包括更多的蔬菜和海鲜，以及更少的红肉。由此可推知，世界上最健康的饮食有一定的相似之处，故选C。

2．What is considered as a harmful eating habit in Japanese tradition?

A．Going low in calories.

B．Eating to the fullest.

C．Having much seafood.

D．Picking many foods.

B　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The tradition there is to stop eating when your stomach feels 80 percent full.”可知，日本的传统是吃八成饱。由此可推知，吃得很饱在日本被认为是不良的饮食习惯，故选B。

3．How does the author develop the central idea in the last 4 paragraphs?

A．By building connections.

B．By exploring reasons.

C．By listing examples.

D．By analyzing figures.

C　解析：写作手法题。通读后四段可知，作者列举了这些健康饮食中的食物，故本文后四段是通过举例子的方式来说明中心观点的。

4．Which can be the most suitable title for the text?

A．What Is the Healthiest Diet on Earth?

B．How Does the Old Expression Serve?

C．Why Is a Healthy Diet So Important?

D．Where Can We Feed Ourselves Well?

A　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了世界上四种最健康的饮食。故A项作文章标题最合适。

 七选五

(2020·郑州一中摸底测试) Teenagers are especially likely to suffer loneliness. Here are some suggestions for speeding a recovery from loneliness.

Reach out to others, but start small. A smile and a friendly greeting for the student behind you in line at the cafeteria won’t make you best friends. 1.________ It also can make it easier to interact the next time.

Find a safe place to make connections. If going to the school dance makes you feel like you just don’t belong, try joining a special interest group. Maybe it’s the drama club or the marching band. 2.________

Find other ways of making connections. Lonely people hunger for acceptance and friendship. Sometimes feeling accepted and liked comes more easily when you do something for others. 3.________ Teach a child reading. Take notes for a disabled classmate. You might be surprised at the connections you make after reaching out to others in these ways.

4．________ Loneliness is an absence of quality friendships, not of a particular quantity of friends. That’s why it’s important to know how to select a friend. The best friendships are those based on similar values and attitudes.

You get what you expect, so expect the best. If you expect others to be friendly, you will behave in similar ways.

5．________ It goes away as teens learn how to find their way through their social world and connect with others.

A．But it will make you both feel pretty good.

B．So consider becoming a volunteer.

C．Some teens aren’t so adaptable, however.

D．Encourage people to be friendlier to you.

E．Choose the right people.

F．For most young people, loneliness is only temporary.

G．Look for a group that allows you to ease gradually.

【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了应对孤独的一些建议。

1．A　解析：根据语境可知，空前一句和空后的“It also can make it easier to interact the next time.”存在逻辑上的转折关系，所以A项“但是它将使你们都感到很好”符合语境。

2．G　解析：根据上文“Find a safe place to make connections. If going to the school dance makes you feel like you just don’t belong, try joining a special interest group.”可推知，作者建议找一个让自己觉得舒服的团体，所以选G项。

3．B　解析：根据上文“Sometimes feeling accepted and liked comes more easily when you do something for others.”可知，帮助他人会让孤独者更易被接纳和喜欢。故B项“因此考虑做一名志愿者”衔接下文“Teach a child reading. Take notes for a disabled classmate.”。

4．E　解析：根据下文“Loneliness is an absence of quality friendships, not of a particular quantity of friends. That’s why it’s important to know how to select a friend.”可推知，选对朋友对孤独者尤其重要，他们缺的不是特定数量的朋友，而是高质量的友谊，所以选E项。

5．F　解析：由空后的“It goes away as teens learn how to find their way through their social world and connect with others.”可推知，青少年的孤独是暂时的，随着他们学会如何通过社会阅历找到自己的道路和与他人建立关系，孤独就会不复存在，所以选F项。

 短文改错

(2020·长沙统一模拟)Welcome to the Great Wall. Measured more than 6，000 kilometers in length, the Great Wall is known as the long wall in the world. It has a long history of more than 2，000 years. That is amazing about the Great Wall is that it is main made of stones and bricks, and all the construction was done by hand. Though it was used to protect the country from foreign invaders, every few hundred meters along with the Great Wall, there was a watchtower. Now, as symbol of China, the Great Wall will become one of the most famous tourist attractions in the world. It is no wonderful that the Great Wall attract hundreds of thousands of foreign tourists every year.

答案：

Welcome to the Great Wall.  more than 6，000 kilometers in length, the Great Wall is known as the  wall in the world. It has a long history of more than 2，000 years.  is amazing about the Great Wall is that it is  made of stones and bricks, and all the construction was done by hand.  it was

used to protect the country from foreign invaders, every few hundred meters along  the Great Wall, there was a watchtower. Now, as  symbol of China, the Great Wall  become one of the most famous tourist attractions in the world. It is no  that the Great Wall  hundreds of thousands of foreign tourists every year.

 书面表达

(2020· 洛阳、许昌质检)假定你是李华，外国交换生Tony想参加你校的社团以学习中国文化。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：

1．校社团情况介绍；

2．活动的时间、地点；

3．报名方法。

注意：1．词数100左右；

2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

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One possible version：

Dear Tony，

I’m glad to learn that you’re interested in our school clubs. Here are the brief introductions. There are four clubs with the themes of Chinese culture for lovers of kung fu, cooking, paintings and handwriting in our school. Each club provides regular training courses. The clubs can not only enrich your knowledge of Chinese traditional culture, but also make your school life colorful and interesting. The activities start at 3：00 p．m. and last 1.5 hours every Friday in Teaching Building 1.If you are interested in any club above, just sign up on our school website before 18th, October. Welcome to join us.

Yours，

Li Hua