高考英语一轮复习课后达标 unit 4 cyberspace含答案

课时练1　2篇阅读＋1篇完形

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2020·六安高三联考)A new study has shown how computers and robots powered by artificial intelligence can read human eye movements to “read” human personalities.

The eyes, they say, are the windows to the soul. And if that is true, computers and robots powered by sophisticated(复杂的) artificial intelligence algorithms(演算法) may soon have the ability to peer__into your soul. That is the result of a new study on the connection between eye movements and personality, conducted by neuroscience researchers based at the University of South Australia and published in the scientific journal Frontiers in Neuroscience.

“Eye movements during an everyday task predict aspects of our personality，” wrote the researchers, led by University of South Australia neuroscientist Tobias Loetscher, whose team followed 42 study subjects around the university campus recording their eye movements, then determined their personality traits with “well­established questionnaires” for determining the personality type, according to a summary of the study published by the site Science Daily.

The researchers fed the data into their AI algorithms and found that computers running the algorithms were able to record human eye movements and immediately determine a person’s major personality traits, such as “neuroticism, extraversion(外向), agreeableness, conscientiousness, as well as curiosity”， the scientists wrote.

“The new findings could improve the way human beings interact with their computers and other high­tech devices, even robots, allowing for more natural and realistic social interactions with machines，” Loetscher said.

“People are always looking for improved, personalized services. Today’s robots and computers are not socially aware so they cannot adapt to non­verbal information，” Loetscher said in a statement quoted by The Indian Express. This research provides opportunities to develop robots and computers so that they can become more natural, and better at interpreting human social signals.

The study revealed previously undiscovered relations between specific personality characteristics and specific eye movement tendencies, according to a summary in Britain’s Daily Mail newspaper.

【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了一项人工智能计算机和机器人通过读人眼球的运动从而一窥人的个性的研究。

1．What do the underlined words “peer into” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A．Understand.

B．Stare at.

C．Search for.

D．Concern about.

A　解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“The eyes, they say, are the windows to the soul.”，并结合对第一段的整体理解可推知，此处peer into与第一段中的“read”相呼应，故选A。

2．How did the researchers conduct the research?

A．It was carried out in a lab.

B．42 study subjects’ eye movements were recorded.

C．The students’ daily movements were tracked.

D．Its subjects’ personalities were determined by computer.

B　解析：细节理解题。根据对第三段的整体理解可知，这项研究是通过追踪42个研究对象并记录他们的眼球运动来开展的，故选B。

3．According to Tobias Loetscher, what can we know?

A．Robots and computers are socially conscious.

B．People care less about improved, personalized services.

C．Today’s robots and computers can accustom to non­verbal information.

D．The discovery will improve the interaction between human beings and machines.

D　解析：细节理解题。根据对倒数第三段的整体理解可知，这项研究发现有助于改善人类和机器的互动，故选D。

4．What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．Human Personality Traits

B．What Human Eye Movements Are

C．Tell Personalities by Eye Movements

D．How Humans and Machines Interact

C　解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段开篇点题，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项人工智能计算机和机器人通过读人眼球的运动从而一窥人的个性的研究，故选C。

B

(2020·洛阳、许昌质检)With smart technology increasingly influencing all aspects of our lives, it is only a matter of time before someone invents smart shoes—ones that can be made based on personal needs. Called “ShiftWear”， the sneakers are the brainchild of a team of businessmen, and engineers led by New York­based designer David Coelho.

The adaptable shoes can be customized by using a smart phone app. Shoe owners will have the option of selecting a design from a variety of HD patterns by famous artists or creating one themselves. The company’s founders imagine the marketplace where artists can not only share but also sell their designs to others. Despite being electronic, the designs are clearly visible even in the brightest sunlight. What’s even cooler is that by switching on backlight, users can even show their designs in the dark!

According to Coelho, the sneakers will keep their charge forever if only images are displayed. Though they will need periodic recharging, active users have nothing to worry about. That’s because the shoes are equipped with special WalkNCharge technology that powers the shoes—with every step. Inactive users also have options of charging the sneakers without using wires.

The bottom part of the shoes is covered with Kevlar fibers, a kind of strong material, reducing normal wear and tear. Even better, they are completely waterproof(防水的) and can even be thrown into an ordinary laundry machine for a quick wash! The company predicts that the shoes will range in price from $150 to $1，000 depending on the size of the EPanels where the designs are displayed.

This is not the first time that electronics and shoes have combined. Lithuaniabased iShuh Technologies has come up with a similar concept that connects ereader panels to a smart phone app via the Bluetooth. Whether these smart shoes become as popular as our smart devices remains to be seen, though they surely are attractive.

【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种智能运动鞋。

5．What can we know about the smart shoes from the text?

A．The electronic designs can not be seen clearly at night.

B．The designers make sure every pair of sneakers is unique.

C．The bottom part of the shoes can last longer due to special materials.

D．The shoes have to be washed by hand to protect the electronics.

C　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The bottom part of the shoes is covered with Kevlar fibers, a kind of strong material, reducing normal wear and tear.”可知，鞋子的底部附着凯芙拉合成纤维，这是一种增强材料，可以减少正常的磨损；据此可知，由于使用了特殊的材料，这种鞋子的鞋底耐磨，故C项正确。

6．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?

A．How the sneakers are charged.

B．How the sneakers can work well.

C．What images the sneakers show.

D．What technology the sneakers carry.

A　解析：段落大意题。通读第三段可知，该段第一句“According to Coelho, the sneakers will keep their charge forever if only images are displayed.”为该段的主题句，并结合全段内容可知，该段主要介绍了这种鞋子是如何充电的：活跃的用户可以通过走路来充电，不活跃的用户也可以不用电线充电，故A项正确。

7．The varied prices of the sneakers mainly depend on ________.

A．the length of the shoes

B．the size of their EPanels

C．the designers of the shoes

D．the material of their bottoms

B　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段尾句“The company predicts that the shoes will range in price from $150 to $1，000 depending on the size of the EPanels where the designs are displayed.”可知，该公司预计，这款鞋的价格范围将是150美元到1 000美元，这取决于展示这些设计的电子显示屏的尺寸，故B项正确。

8．How does the author feel about the sneakers’future market?

A．Negative.　　　　　　　 B．Anxious.

C．Uncertain.   D．Confident.

C　解析：观点态度题。根据尾段最后一句“Whether these smart shoes become as popular as our smart devices remains to be seen, though they surely are attractive.”可知，尽管这些智能鞋子很有吸引力，但是它们是否会像我们的智能设备一样流行还有待观察；据此可推知，作者对这种鞋子的未来并不确定，故C项正确。

Ⅱ.完形填空

(2020·合肥高三调研)Growing up in the 1960s, I was taught from an early age to send a handwritten thank­you note expressing __1__ for kindness. My mother used to buy me a box of paper and __2__ me in the art and value of saying “thank you”. She __3__ to be right.

A study showed that it took less than 5 minutes to write the thank­you notes. Just 5 minutes to make __4__ person feel overjoyed! __5__， in our “instant” world, the idea of getting an actual pen and writing an actual note seems to never come to mind. We tend to do what is __6__ for us—a quick text or an email.

It’s easy to use the __7__ of being busy, but even very busy and __8__ businessmen find time to __9__ thank­you notes. For example, when Douglas Conant became CEO of Campbell’s, the company had __10__ half of its market, and its value and morale(士气) was at an all­time low. He __11__ fixing that by doing some simple things that are probably not __12__ in any MBA class. For one thing, Conant wrote to every __13__. He gained their confidence and __14__，  turned the company __15__．

In his ten years as CEO, Conant wrote over 30，000 notes to employees. It’s __16__ not to ask how he did it. __17__， he had many other things to do __18__ writing a thank­you note. Conant made time for __19__ because he knew the impact(影响) each one would have. An expression of __20__ in this crazy world still makes a difference.

【解题导语】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。小时候，妈妈教“我”用手写的感谢便条来表达对善良的感激，并教“我”表达感谢的艺术和价值；研究表明，不到五分钟就能用手写好的感谢便条会让他人感到快乐。

1．A.concern　　　　　　　　 B．sympathy

C．affection   D．appreciation

D　解析：根据该句中的“a handwritten thank­you note expressing ______ for kindness”可知，该处指用手写的感谢便条来表达对善良的感激(appreciation)，故D项正确。A项意为“担心，关心”；B项意为“同情”；C项意为“喜爱”。

2．A.consult   B．instruct

C．answer   D．impress

B　解析：根据该句“My mother used to buy me a box of paper...and value of saying ‘thank you’．”可知，“我”的妈妈过去常常给“我”买一箱纸，并教授(instruct)“我”表达感谢的艺术和价值，故B项正确。A项意为“咨询”；C项意为“回答”；D项意为“使留下深刻印象”。

3．A.remained   B．proved

C．appeared   D．claimed

B　解析：根据语境尤其是下文可推知，此处表示她证明(proved)(这样做)是正确的，故B项符合语境。A项意为“保持”；C项意为“显得”；D项意为“声称”。

4．A.one   B．any

C．each   D．another

D　解析：根据空前一句可知，写感谢便条花费不到五分钟的时间；并结合该句和常识可推知，此处表示仅花费五分钟就可以让另一个(another)人非常高兴，故D项正确。

5．A.Yet   B．Therefore

C．So   D．Otherwise

A　解析：根据该句中的“seems to never come to mind”并结合上文可知，尽管仅花费五分钟就能用手写好的感谢便条能让他人感到快乐，但是(Yet)，在我们这个“快捷的”世界里，人们似乎不愿意用这种方式来表达谢意；据此可推知，该处前后表示转折关系，故A项正确。

6．A.special   B．necessary

C．convenient   D．important

C　解析：根据该句中的“a quick text or an email”可推知，该处表示我们趋向于使用对我们来说方便的(convenient)方式——快速发送的短信或电子邮件，故C项正确。

7．A.case   B．excuse

C．example   D．situation

B　解析：根据语境以及该句中的“of being busy”并结合常识可知，人们很容易以忙为借口(excuse)，故B项正确。A项意为“事例”；C项意为“例子”；D项意为“情况”。

8．A.humorous   B．optimistic

C．successful   D．experienced

C　解析：根据语境可知，人们很容易以忙为借口，但即使是很忙碌和成功的(successful)商人也能找到时间写(pen)感谢便条。

9．A.pen   B．receive

C．design   D．deliver

A　解析：参见上题解析。

10．A.lost   B．gained

C．developed   D．damaged

A　解析：根据该句中的“morale(士气) was at an all­time low”可知，士气空前低落；据此可推知，这家公司已经损失(lost)了一半的市值，故A项正确。

11．A.gave up   B．kept up

C．set about   D．worried about

C　解析：根据该句中的“He ______ fixing that by doing some simple things”并结合语境可推知，他开始做(set about)一些简单的事情来解决这一问题，故C项正确。A项意为“放弃”；B项意为“跟上”；D项意为“担心”。

12．A.permitted   B．taught

C．checked   D．tested

B　解析：根据语境可推知，他所做的简单的事情很可能没有在任何MBA课堂上被教(taught)过，故B项正确。A项意为“允许”；C项意为“检查”；D项意为“测试”。

13．A.market   B．businessman

C．company   D．employee

D　解析：根据下文中的“gained their confidence”和“Conant wrote over 30，000 notes to employees”可推知，Conant给每个员工(employee)写了便条，得到了他们的信任，故D项正确。

14．A.personally   B．frankly

C．naturally   D．occasionally

C　解析：根据语境可知，Conant得到了员工们的信任，顺理成章地(naturally)使公司好转(turned around)起来。

15．A.up   B．down

C．away   D．around

D　解析：参见上题解析。turn around意为“好转，扭转”，故D项正确。turn up意为“开大”；turn down意为“调低；拒绝”；turn away意为“把……打发走”。

16．A.hard   B．great

C．amazing   D．disappointing

A　解析：根据前一句可知，在担任CEO的十年间，Conant给他的员工们写了三万多张便条；结合语境和常识可知，这令人很难(hard)不去问他是如何做到的，故A项正确。

17．A.As usual   B．In short

C．By the way   D．After all

D　解析：根据语境可知，此处表示毕竟(After all)，除了(besides)写感谢便条，他有许多其他事情要做。

18．A.by   B．in

C．besides   D．without

C　解析：参见上题解析。

19．A.me   B．it

C．him   D．them

B　解析：根据语境可知，空处指代空前一句中的“writing a thank­you note”，故B项正确。

20．A.kindness   B．joy

C．value   D．confidence

A　解析：根据本文第一句中的“expressing ______ for kindness”并结合全文可推知，在这个疯狂的世界中，善良(kindness)的表达仍然会有作用，故A项正确。

课时练2　2篇阅读＋1篇七选五

＋1篇语法填空

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2020·平顶山名校模拟)At 9：30 a．m. on a Wednesday morning, I received a notification(通知) that I’d already picked up my phone 30 times that day! “11 left until you go over your goal of 41 pickups，” my screen read. “Put your phone down until 9：52 a．m.! Enjoy your time living in the moment.”

These updates were sent via Moment, an app that tracks the screen time, created by Kevin Holesh in 2014 to fight his own device addiction. He was working as an independent app developer, spending hours each day staring at screens. After work, Holesh found that he was looking mindlessly online instead of talking to his wife or taking his dogs for a walk.

“I wanted a way of seeing how much time I was sinking into my phone，” he said. “So I came up with something that could monitor my screen time.” Holesh found that he was spending 75 minutes on his phone a day. He added a function to the app that informed him whenever his screen time was more than 40 minutes. “My phone would make a sound like a bee, and I’d go and do something else. It was like something pushing me in the right direction，” he said. Holesh figured that if the system worked for him, it would work for others, and later that year he made Moment a free app. To date, it has been downloaded 8 million times.

Besides, Moment also has a “coach” function, offering guided programs to help users focus and be more productive, for $7.99 a month.

“I am so much happier, I sleep better, I read more, I take better care of myself, and most of all I am present in my day­to­day life，” Jack, a user said . Similar comments on Moment reflect a growing consciousness around “digital wellness”， the name given to lifestyle practices that encourage healthy device use.

【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一款名为“Moment”的手机软件，该软件可以对超时使用手机的人发出提醒，让人们合理使用设备。文章主要介绍了这款软件的发明过程和功能以及用户对它的评价。

1．What does the inspiration of Moment come from?

A．The creator’s own experience.

B．The sound made by honey bees.

C．Complaints from family members.

D．The widespread digital addiction.

A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“These updates were sent via Moment , an app that tracks the screen time, created by Kevin Holesh in 2014 to fight his own device addiction.”，并结合该段其他内容和第三段可知，该软件的发明源于Kevin Holesh自己的经历，故A项正确。

2．What does Moment do at the expected screen time?

A．Monitor the screen and keep a record.

B．Make a noise to remind the user.

C．Turn off the phone immediately.

D．Force the user to take a rest.

B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He added a function to the app that informed him whenever his screen time was more than 40 minutes. ‘My phone would make a sound like a bee, and I’d go and do something else...’”可知，如果超时使用手机，则这款软件会使手机发出声音来提醒使用者，故B项正确。

3．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 4?

A．Persuade readers to buy the app.

B．Provide readers with some advice.

C．Recommend a coach to the readers.

D．Introduce more information of the app.

D　解析：写作意图题。根据第四段的内容可知，该软件还具有“教练”功能，提供一些指导方案，让用户注意力集中，更有效率，并结合上文介绍的该软件的超时使用手机的提醒功能可推知，在第四段作者旨在介绍该软件的更多信息，故D项正确。

4．In which part of a website will you find this text?

A．Fashion and Business.

B．Sports and Entertainment.

C．Health and Lifestyle.

D．Art and Design.

C　解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一款名为“Moment”的手机软件，该软件可以对超时使用手机的人发出提醒，让人们合理使用设备，拥有更有益于健康的生活方式。据此可推知，本文最有可能摘自健康和生活方式版块，故C项正确。

B

(2020·信阳第一次质检)Are you a procrastinator(拖延者)? It’s a common problem. And it can be harmful, as previous research has shown that people who procrastinate have higher levels of stress and lower well­being, reported the Association for Psychological Science in the US. But a new study has found a way to deal with this problem: Be more connected to your future self.

Psychologists think that each person believes that they are really two people：“Present Me” and “Future Me”. “People act as if they prefer their current selves’ needs and desires to those of their future selves，” wrote psychologists Neil Lewis and Daphna Oyserman.

Oyserman and Lewis decided to try to find a way to make “Present Me” imagine exactly how “Future Me” would feel the night before a big paper was due, though “Present Me” hadn’t started yet. They made “Present Me” think about a far­off event a number of days away, not months or years.

Thinking about events in this__way meant that something like a friend’s wedding seemed 16.3 days sooner when considered in days rather than months and 11.4 months sooner when considered in months rather than years.

The researchers also tried to find out whether people would take action sooner if they were told a certain event was happening in several days rather than years. For example, participants imagined they had a newborn child, and that the child would need to go to college in either 18 years or 6，570 days. The researchers found those in the “days” condition planned to start saving four times sooner than those in the “years” condition.

So if you think of your life in days instead of years, you may get things done quicker.

【解题导语】　本文主要探究了一种应对拖延症的方法。

5．What did Oyserman and Lewis intend to do through their study?

A．To work on a solution to test if someone is a procrastinator.

B．To find out whether human beings usually have two different characters.

C．To discover procrastinators are more likely to have a lower sense of well­being.

D．To prove it’s helpful to connect our current selves more with future selves.

D　解析：细节理解题。根据对第三段的整体理解可知，Oyserman和Lewis想要通过他们的研究去验证把“现在的我”和“将来的我”联系起来是否会对应对拖延症有一定的帮助，故选D。

6．The underlined part “this way” in Paragraph 4 refers to “________”．

A．setting up tough deadlines

B．following schedules strictly

C．counting in smaller units of time

D．imagining how your future self will feel

C　解析：词义猜测题。承接第三段最后一句“They made ‘Present Me’ think about a far­off event a number of days away, not months or years.”可推知，画线部分是指用更小的时间单位去计量，故选C。

7．What helps prevent people from procrastinating?

A．Comparing their future selves with present selves.

B．Considering their current selves’ needs and desires.

C．Thinking about far­off events in days rather than years.

D．Marking important events on a calendar as a reminder.

C　解析：推理判断题。根据第五段的内容以及最后一段“So if you think of your life in days instead of years, you may get things done quicker.”可推知，用天而不是用年去考虑将来所发生的事情会帮助拖延者不再拖延，故选C。

8．What does the passage mainly talk about?

A．A way to get things done in time.

B．The harmful effects of procrastination.

C．The reason to overlook future needs and desires.

D．The way to reduce stress and improve happiness.

A　解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“But a new study has found a way to deal with this problem: Be more connected to your future self.”，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要探究了一种应对拖延症的方法，故选A。

Ⅱ.七选五

(2020·合肥第一次质检)

Apologizing the Right Way to a Friend

Why are apologies so difficult? Saying you are sorry can be the most difficult thing you do. But we all make mistakes, so you’ll probably have an occasion when you need to apologize. Perhaps you had blew up at someone and realized later you reacted poorly. 1.________. Whatever the reason, apologizing can help you both heal and move on from the situation.

2．________. First, you acknowledge that you did something wrong. With an apology, you take responsibility for your actions, which allows your friend to forgive you. Second, an apology gives your sincerity as a friend. 3.________， but that doesn’t mean we still shouldn’t apologize.

Now, what are elements of a proper apology? 4.________， depending on what the offense was, where it was done, and who you are apologizing to. In general, a good apology should include the followings: a request for their attention, an acknowledgment of what happened, sincerity in admitting you did something wrong and the words “I’m sorry” or “I apologize”. Here are things never to say when apologizing. Note that the art of apologizing involves taking responsibility. Never apologize as a way to “shut someone up” when they are saying you hurt their feelings and you don’t think you did. 5.________， you should talk things through with your friends until you see why they are hurt or how you came across. You’ll really need to self­reflect so you can see things from your friend’s point of view.

A．When you make your apology in person

B．If you really believe you did nothing wrong

C．Apologies benefit friendships in a variety of ways

D．The way you apologize is going to be slightly different

E．Or maybe you just didn’t show support when you needed to

F．Apologizing the right way, however, may take a little practice

G．Sometimes our pals forgive us easily for the minor things we do wrong

【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了向朋友道歉的正确方法。

1．E　解析：根据空后的“Whatever the reason”可知，空处与空前一句讲的是向朋友道歉的原因，所以选项E与语境相符，且选项E中的“maybe”与空前一句中的“Perhaps”相呼应，故选E。

2．C　解析：空处位于段落句首主题句的位置；通读该段可知，该段主要讲的是道歉对友谊的好处，故C项符合语境。

3．G　解析：根据空后的“but that doesn’t mean we still shouldn’t apologize”可知，G项“有时我们的朋友轻易地就原谅了我们犯的小错误”符合语境。

4．D　解析：根据空后的“depending on...who you are apologizing to”可知，D项“你道歉的方式要稍微不同”与之衔接自然，故选D项。

5．B　解析：根据空后的“you should talk things through with your friends until you see why they are hurt or how you came across”可知，B项“如果你确实认为你没做错什么”与之联系紧密，故选B项。

Ⅲ.语法填空

(2020·滁州模拟)Lions, tigers and other animals are staying awake at night 1.____________(avoid) human beings, a new study finds.

Scientists have known that human activities can lead to changes in nature. Many animals may move around less or travel to far places to keep away 2.____________ people. By being awake at night, animals can also be on guard against possible enemies and spend less time 3.____________(look) for food.

The latest research found even activities like farming and camping can 4.____________ (fright) animals and cause them to become more active at night. 5.____________ had been studied were lions in Tanzania, tigers in Nepal and monkeys in Brazil. Researchers compared 6.____________(careful) how much time those animals were active at night in areas of human activities, such as hunting and farming. 7.____________ was human activities that caused an increase of about 20 percent in night­time activities, even in creatures that usually sleep at night. Results 8.____________(publish) in the journal Science two months ago.

The new findings are 9.____________(usual) because no one else has looked at it in such detail before. Ecologist Marlee Tucker was 10.____________(surprise) that any kind of human activities is enough for animals to see people as a threat.

【解题导语】　人类活动导致许多动物在夜间保持清醒以保持警惕状态。

1．to avoid　解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：一项新的研究发现，狮子、老虎以及其他的动物在夜间保持清醒旨在避开人类。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。

2．from　解析：考查固定搭配。keep away from...“远离……”，为固定搭配。

3．looking　解析：考查固定用法。spend time doing sth.“花时间做某事”，为固定用法。

4．frighten　解析：考查动词。句意：最新的研究表明，即使像务农和野营这样的活动也会惊吓到动物，进而导致它们夜间变得更加活跃。情态动词can后应接动词原形，故应用名词fright的动词形式frighten。

5．What　解析：考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句且在从句中作主语，故填What。

6．carefully　解析：考查副词。修饰句中的谓语动词compared应使用副词。

7．It　解析：考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知，去掉______ was和that之后，句子表意完整，故该句为强调句型“It was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分”。

8．were published　解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，谓语动词publish和句子的主语Results之间是被动关系，且根据时间状语two months ago可知，描述的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态。

9．unusual　解析：考查形容词。句意：因为先前没人对此进行过如此详细的研究，所以这些新的发现显得不同寻常。

10．surprised　解析：考查形容词。此处为过去分词作表语，表示主语Marlee Tucker的状态，故用形容词surprised。