高考英语一轮复习unit 7 the sea学案

这是一份高考英语一轮复习unit 7 the sea学案，共35页。学案主要包含了语基必备知识，语境强化训练等内容，欢迎下载使用。


一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．actor n. 　　　　　　　　 演员
2．actress n. 女演员
3．writer n. 作者，作家
4．spirit n. 精神
5．explorer n. 探险家
6．sailor n. 水手，海员
7．voyage n. 航海，航空
8．unknown adj. 不知道的，未知的
9．journey n. 旅行，旅程
10．length n. 长度，长
11．centimetre n. 厘米
12．horrible adj. 可怕的；令人厌恶的
13．unable adj. 不能的，不会的
14．stadium n. 运动场，体育场
15．wildlife n. 野生生物
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．participate vi. 参加
2．sign n. 手势；符号
3．hunt v. 打猎，猎杀
4．collection n. 收集，收取
5．ban vt. 禁止
6．handle vt. 对付
7．discount n. 折扣，减价
8．trick n. 戏法，把戏
9．float vi. 漂，浮
10．escape vi. 逃脱，逃跑
11．scream vi. (因恐惧、疼痛、兴奋等)
尖声大叫
12．sink vi. 下沉；沉没
13．opposite n. 对立的人(物); 反义词
14．debate n. 辩论，争论
15．local adj. 当地的，地方性的
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．evaluate vt. 评估，评价→evaluation n. 评价；评估
2．arrange vt. 安排，准备→arrangement n. 安排
3．frightening adj.令人惊恐的，骇人的→frighten v. (使)惊恐→frightened adj. 害怕的；受惊的
4．persuade vt. 说服，劝服→persuasion n. 说服，劝说→persuasive adj. 有说服力的；令人信服的
5．eventually adv. 最终，终于→eventual adj. 最终发生的；结果的
6．apologise vi. 道歉→apology n. 道歉
7．pollute vt. 使污染→pollution n. 污染
8．present vt. 演示；讲演→presentation n. 演示；展示
9．intelligence n. 智力，理解力→intelligent adj. 有灵性的；聪明的
10．energetic adj. 有活力的→energy n. 精力；活力
11．measure vi. & vt. (长度、数量)为；测量→measurement n. 尺寸；测量
12．terrify vt. 令人感到恐惧→terrifying adj. 使人感到恐惧的→terrified adj. 感到恐惧的
13．survive vi. 幸存，生存下来→survival n. 幸存→survivor n. 幸存者
14．discovery n. 发现→discover vt. 发现
15．educate vt. 教育→educator n. 教育工作者→education n. 教育，培养→educated adj. 受过教育的
16．recognise vt. 辨认出→recognition n. 认出；承认
17．disagree vi. 不同意，意见不合→disagreement n. 意见不合；不一致；分歧→agree vi. 同意(反义词)
18．attract vt. 吸引→attraction n. 吸引人的地方→attractive adj. 有吸引力的


1.由discount想到的
①promotion n．　　　　 促销
②retail n. 零售
③purchase n．& v. 购买
④wholesale n. 批发
⑤on sale 廉价出售
⑥new arrival 新品上市
2.“(不)许可”词汇大观园
①permit v．　　　　 允许
②allow v. 允许
③forbid v. 禁止
④ban v．& n. 禁止
⑤prohibit v. 禁止
⑥prevent vt. 阻止
3.“处理，对付”常见词
①handle
②process
③solve
④do/deal with
⑤treat with
⑥attend to
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．fill__out　　　　　　　 填写
2．set__sail 启航
3．according__to 根据，依照
4．get__into__trouble 陷入麻烦，陷入困境
5．make__it__to 到达
6．in__search__of 寻找，寻求
7．make__a__living 谋生
8．watch__out 注意
9．all__at__once 突然，忽然
10．pick__up 取，接载
11．in__addition__to 除……之外(还有)
12．be__covered__with 被覆盖
13．from__then__on 从那时起
14．on__the__edge__of 在……边缘
15．in__the__direction__of__ 朝……的方向

1.“位置”短语集锦
①at the top/bottom of...
在……的顶/底部
②at the foot of 在……脚下
③in (the) front of 在……前面(部)
④on the left/right 在左/右边
⑤in the middle 在中间
⑥on the edge of 在……边缘
2.“be＋v.­ed＋prep.”短语联想
①be related to　 有关系的；有关联的
②be accustomed to　 习惯于
③be devoted to 致力于
④be admitted to/into
被接纳；被录取
⑤be absorbed in 全神贯注于
⑥be covered with 被覆盖
3.“make a＋n.”短语一览
①make a difference
有影响，使不相同
②make a contribution　 做出贡献
③make a decision 做出决定
④make a mistake 犯错误
⑤make a noise 制造噪音
⑥make a living 谋生
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用

句型公式
教材原句
句型1：倍数句型：...times＋as...as...
It’s three__times__as__big underwater.
(冰山)水下部分是水上部分的三倍大。
句型2：否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义
You certainly won’t find a noisier fish.
你当然不会发现比这更吵的鱼了。
句型3：独立主格结构
One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands, our__boat__full__of__fish．
一天，我和我的两个兄弟从海岛上打鱼归来，船上载满了鱼。
句型4：be doing...when...正在做……这时……
Our boat survived，and I was__trying__to recover when my elder brother put his mouth close to my ear, and screamed out the terrifying word “Whirlpool！”　我们的船保住了。我刚从恐惧中回过神来，就在这时，哥哥把嘴凑到我耳旁，说出那个让人胆战心惊的词“漩涡！”
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．(2018·浙江卷6月)Many cities with bans(禁令) still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport.
2．With much rubbish floating(漂浮) on the river, I appeal to everyone to protect our environment.
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A lunchtime escape(休息；解脱) allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized.
4．(2019·浙江卷6月)We should especially recognize(承认) our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal.
5．(2018·江苏卷)It found many youngsters(少年) now measure(衡量) their status by how much public approval they get online, often through “likes”．
6．The key approaches to be used in test and evaluation(evaluate) are proven.
7．She telephoned Ellen, but made no arrangements(arrange) to see her.
8．The performance presented(present) by us on Christmas Day was greeted with a cold silence.
9．All in all, Andy is energetic(energy) enough to be a leader.
10．(北京卷)She created a website page, matching survivors(survive) in need with donors who wanted to help.
Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The girl was frightened to see the frightening scene of the accident and she ran to another two frightened children.(frighten)
2．What happened that day terrified all the people living here.It was a terrifying moment and many people were still terrified at the thought of the scene.(terrify)
3．My plan is practical, but the manager disagrees to it.To my anger, there is also some disagreement among my colleagues. Only a few of them agree with me.(agree)
4．The young man is well educated and his parents are both educators and they received much education in a foreign country.(educate)
5．Only four people survived in the accident.When the four survivors were interviewed, they said that their survival was a wonder.(survive)
Ⅲ.选词成篇
be covered with; make a living; in addition to; pick up; in search of; fill out; participate in; get into trouble
Lake Tai 1.was__covered__with algae(藻) years ago, which seriously polluted the lake.The local people’s life 2.got__into__trouble because many of them 3.made__a__living by fishing. 4.In__addition__to this, Lake Tai attracted a large number of people to visit it every year.Now the government has been 5.in__search__of ways to clean it. A lot of people have 6.filled__out their names and 7.participated__in the movement. The environment of Lake Tai has begun to 8.pick__up.
make sense; set sail; make it to; watch out; in the direction of; rather than; according to
My friend Dennis is an explorer, and he has a lot of experiences. He thinks that practice 9.rather__than theory 10.makes__sense. Adventure on the sea is extremely dangerous, but he still can persuade some people to join in his adventure on the sea. 11.According__to his arrangement, they 12.set__sail last year 13.in__the__direction__of west in search of whales. On the way, he warned his fellows to 14.watch__out for sharks in case they got into trouble. Unfortunately, when they were having supper, a terrifying shark took them by surprise. They fought against it using harpoons(鱼叉) in their hands.With their joint efforts, they survived finally. After a month’s travel on the sea, they 15.made__it__to their destination and found the whales.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．这张桌子是那张的两倍宽。
This desk is twice__as__wide__as that one.
2．在我看来， 世界上没有比长城更美的地方了。
In my opinion, there is no__more__beautiful__place__than the Great Wall in the world.
3．由于是星期天，我们今天不必上学。
It__being__Sunday,__we needn’t go to school today.
4．他正在街上走着，这时天开始下雨了。
He was__walking__in__the__street__when it began to rain.

participate　vi.参与；参加
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Having__participated(participate) in several similar activities before, I know well how to handle emergencies.
②(江苏卷)Things will turn for the better if we can work out some participation(participate) rules for people to obey.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
③(普通表达)Those who want to join in the contest are supposed to sign up before May 20th.
(高级表达)Those who want to participate__in__ the contest are supposed to sign up before May 20th.

(1)participate in　　　 参加
(2)participant n. 参加者
participation n. 参与；参加；分享
[佳句背诵] These two teams train for two hours a day and participate in competitions regularly.
这两个队每天训练两个小时并定期参加比赛。(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
[联想发散] “参加”荟萃：
①take__part__in；②join__in；③compete__in；
④participate__in
arrange　vt.筹备；安排；整理
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The company will arrange for a taxi to__meet(meet) you at the airport.
②If you are interested, please sign up at the office before 5：00 p．m. next Thursday so that we will make necessary arrangements(arrange)．
③I’d like to tell you that my classmates and I have arranged to__visit(visit) the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)我们已经安排好这部短篇电影将于明天下午四点到五点半在我们学校剧院放映。
We__have__arranged__that__the__short__film__will__be__on__show from 16：00 to 17：30 at our school theatre tomorrow.

(1)arrange sth. for sb.　　　 为某人安排某事
arrange (for sb.) to do sth. 安排(某人)做某事
(2)arrangement n. 布置；整理；安排
make arrangements for 安排好……
[佳句背诵] Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.　父母为孩子们安排好一切，不遗余力地为他们的成功铺路。
[名师点津] (1)表示“安排某人做某事”用arrange for sb.to do sth.而不用arrange sb.to do sth.；
(2)make arrangements for中的arrangement常用复数形式。
sign　n．符号，记号；迹象，征兆；手势；招牌，标志　v．签署；示意，打手势
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Please sign in when you arrive at the building, and sign out when you leave.
②Over half the people who signed up to do engineering were men.
③The policeman signed to the woman to__stop(stop) crossing the road.
④(2017·浙江卷6月)If your news station or school requires interviewees to__sign(sign) release forms to appear on the air, don’t leave work without them.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤在班主任进入教室前，我们的班长向我们示意要停止说话。
Our monitor signed__to__us__to__stop talking before our headteacher came into the classroom.

(1)a sign of...　　　 ……的迹象/征兆/标志
(2)sign (to sb.) to do sth.
示意(某人)去做某事
sign in 签到
sign out 签退
sign up/on (sb.) 报名，注册，签约雇用(某人)
[佳句背诵]
In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.　
另一种用法是，亚洲文化的人们或许把沉默看作是尊敬的标志，特别是对一位老人或者有权威的人。(全国卷Ⅰ)
persuade　vt.说服，劝说
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/对比填空
①She was persuaded to__believe(believe) what he said and promised to help him out of the trouble.
②While shopping, people sometimes can’t help being__persuaded(persuade) into buying something they don’t really need.
③Though I had advised her for many times, I couldn’t persuade her to go abroad with me because her life experience had persuaded her that she could not live on without her parents.(persuade与advise)
[能力提升]——一句多译
(浙江卷)我设法说服我的同学接纳了我的想法。
④I managed to persuade__my__classmates__to__accept__my__idea．(persuade)
⑤I managed to persuade__my__classmates__into__accepting__my__idea．(persuade)
⑥I managed to talk__my__classmates__into__accepting__my__idea．(talk)
⑦I managed to convince__my__classmates__to__accept__my__idea．(convince)


(1)说服某人做某事
(2)
(3)
[佳句背诵] He is so stubborn that perhaps nobody can persuade him to change his mind.
他那么顽固以至于或许没有人能说服他改变主意。
[名师点津] “说服某人做某事”荟萃：
①persuade sb.into doing sth.；
②talk sb.into doing sth.；
③convince sb.to do sth.
apologise　vi.道歉；辩白
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2017·天津卷)Respond quickly and briefly, apologising for your mistake.
②I must make an apology(apologise) to him for not being able to attend his party.
[能力提升]——一句多译
老师建议我为不能守约向你道歉。
③My teacher made__a__suggestion that I should apologise to you for failing to keep the appointment.
④My teacher recommended me to make__an__apology to you for failing to keep the appointment.

(1)apologis(z)e to sb. for (doing) sth.
　　　　　　　　　 因(做)某事向某人道歉
(2)apology n. 道歉；辩白
make an apology to sb. for sth.
因某事向某人道歉
owe sb. an apology 应向某人道歉　
[佳句背诵] I owe you an apology for the fact that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.　我应为星期五下午不能和你一起去书店向你道歉。(全国卷Ⅲ)
ban　vt.禁止　n．禁止，禁令
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①China began to ban smoking(smoke) in all the offices later that year.
②In my opinion, the teachers and parents should ban them from playing such Internet games.
③The President supported a global ban on nuclear testing.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④他们签署了禁止使用化学武器的协议。
They signed agreements banning__the__use__of chemical weapons.
⑤他因为没有保险行车而被禁止开车三个月。
He was__banned__from__driving for three months because of driving with no insurance.

(1)ban doing sth.　　　　　 禁止(做)某事
ban sb.from (doing) sth. 禁止某人(做)某事
(2)a ban on sth. 对……的禁令
[佳句背诵] Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed to reduce congestion at some of the country’s busiest stations.
在自动扶梯上禁止行走，这是在该国家的一些最繁忙的车站减少拥堵所设计的一系列措施的一部分。(上海卷)
present　n．现在，目前；礼物　vt.陈述；提出(观点、计划等)；赠送；呈现　adj.出席的，在场的；现在的
[一词多义]——写出下列句中present的词性和含义
①The present situation is taking a turn for the better.adj.当前的
②Classic works, written by masters, present great thoughts through fascinating stories and language.v.呈现
③All the people present at the party were his supporters.adj.出席的；在场的
④(北京卷)I was extremely interested in the ideas he presented in class.vt.陈述；提出
⑤(湖南卷)Whenever you buy a present, you should think about it from the receiver’s point of view.n.礼物
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑥On Teachers’ Day, my students presented__me__with__some__flowers/presented__some__flowers__to__me(送给我一些鲜花)．
⑦(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)At__present(目前), the world has about 6，800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.

(1)present sb. with sth.＝present sth.to sb.
　　　　　　　　 把某物赠送给某人
(2)be present at... 出席……
(3)at present 现在，目前
for the present 眼前，暂时　
[名师点津] present 用作形容词，表示“出席的，在场的”时，通常作表语或后置定语；表示“现在的，当前的”时，常用作前置定语。
[词块助记] present awards
授予奖品/奖金/奖状
the present difficulties/problems/situation
当前的困难/问题/形势
Make the past serve the present.　古为今用。
attract　vt.吸引；引起……的注意(或兴趣等)　vi.吸引
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(2019·北京卷)Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting(attract) top talent.
b．(上海卷)The company is starting a new advertising campaign to__attract__(attract) new customers to its stores.
②What attracted me most to the job was the chance to travel around the world.
③a.Mount Tai is attractive(attract) to tourists for its beautiful scenery and historical sites.
b．(全国卷Ⅱ)Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist__attraction(attract)．
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
④(普通表达)She was__attracted__by__the__beauty__of__the__West__Lake(被西湖的美所吸引), so she decided to stay another two days.
⑤(高级表达)Attracted__by__the__beauty__of__the__West__Lake,__she decided to stay another two days.(分词作状语)

(1)attract sb.to...　　　　 把某人吸引到……
attract sb.’s attention 吸引某人的注意力
(2)attraction n. 吸引(力); 具有吸
引力的人/事物
attractive adj. 有吸引力的；引起兴趣的
[佳句背诵] Even the youngest children in the class were attracted by the story. They listened with great interest.　即使班上最小的孩子也被这个故事所吸引。他们饶有兴趣地听着。(四川卷)
[词块助记]
tourist attractions　　　 旅游胜地
attract a lot of interest 引起了很大的兴趣
attract the attention of the students
引起学生们的注意
measure　n．尺寸；大小；措施　vt.测量；测定；评估；有……长(或宽、高等)
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.The new bridge measuring(measure) twice as long as the old one, is due to be completed in 2021.
b．A society measured(measure) by money alone cannot be one of equal success, and it’s something no nation or community can afford to have.
②(北京卷)Although these measures(measure) are not effective forever, they are vital for now.
③Our government is trying to take measures to__solve(solve) these problems.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
④(普通表达) It’s high time that we should__take/took__measures__to__prevent__air_
_from__being__polluted(采取措施防止空气污染)．
⑤(高级表达) It’s high time that measures__should__be__taken/were__taken__to__prevent__air__from__being__polluted．(被动语态)

(1)measure...by...　 　 用……来衡量……
be measured by/in... 用……来计算/衡量
(2)take measures (to do sth.)
采取措施(做某事)
make...to one’s measure
按某人的尺寸做……　
[名师点津] measure作名词表示“措施”时，常用其复数形式。作动词表示“有……长/宽/高”时，为不及物动词，不用于被动语态和进行时，若此意义的短语作后置定语时，要用现在分词形式。
[词块助记]
take effective measures　 采取有效措施
measuring instruments 测量仪器
a good measure of reading comprehension
判断阅读理解力的好方法
recognise　vt.认出，识别；承认；认识；认知
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(2019·江苏卷)China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries recognizing(recognize) its role in international affairs.
b．If you want to get your ability recognised(recognise), you have to show it in your work rather than complain all day.
②(安徽卷)I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond recognition(recognise)．
[能力提升]——句式升级
(普通表达)People recognise that environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face.
③(高级表达)It__is__recognised__that environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face. (it作形式主语)
④(高级表达)Environmental pollution is__recognised__to__have__become one of the most serious problems that people face. (被动语态)

(1)recognis(z)e sb./one’s voice
认出某人/听出某人的声音
recognis(z)e ...as/to be
承认……是；认出……是
It is recognis(z)ed that...
人们公认……
(2)recognition n. 认出；认识
beyond recognition 认不出来
[佳句背诵] Cellphones, which are now universally recognised as/to be a must, have a great effect on us.　手机现在被普遍认为是一种必需品， 对我们有很大的影响。
[名师点津] 表示“认为……是……”的短语：
①regard...as...；②consider...as...；③see...as...；④view...as...；⑤think of...as...；⑥look on...as...；⑦treat...as...；⑧think...to be...
escape　v．逃跑；逃脱；逃避；被忘记　n．逃跑；解脱，消遣
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Whoever breaks the law won’t escape punishment/being__punished(punish)．
②He ever had a narrow escape from the adventurous sport, so he doesn’t dare to try it again.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
③(普通表达)The woman managed__to__escape__from__the__fire(成功逃出火场) with her baby. She was extremely terrified and exhausted.
④(高级表达)The woman managed__to__escape__from__the__fire__with__her__baby,_
_extremely__terrified__and__exhausted. (形容词作状语)

(1)escape (doing) sth.　　 逃脱(做)某事
escape from/out of... 从……逃跑，逃走
(2)have a narrow escape 九死一生　
[佳句背诵] With the greatest of luck he managed to escape from the rising flood waters.
非常幸运，他设法从快速上涨的洪水中逃脱。
[词块助记]
escape one’s attention　　　 逃过某人的注意
escape one’s notice 被某人忽视
a fire escape 安全门
survive　vi.幸存；生存下来
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(福建卷)Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to__survive(survive) is to live in harmony with nature.
②a.After the plane crash, what the survivors(survive) could do was to wait for rescue on this desert island.
b．(2017·江苏卷)Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival(survive)．
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)After we survived that night, we were confident that everything else would be all right.
(高级表达)Having__survived__that__night,__we were confident that everything else would be all right.(现在分词短语作状语)

(1)survive＋n.(the fire/earthquake/accident...)
　　　 从(火灾/地震/事故等)中生还
survive on 靠……维持生活；
靠……存活下来
(2)survival n. [U]幸存；[C]遗物，幸存物
survivor n. 幸存者，死里逃生的人　
[名师点津] survive表示“从地震、火灾、事故等中幸存下来”时，为及物动词，其后不可接介词from或in。
[词块助记]
survive on such a low salary
靠这么低的工资维持生计
survive the economic crisis 挺过经济危机
get into trouble　陷入麻烦，陷入困境　
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①If you get into trouble, you can depend on your best friend to help you.
②The rich man is generous and often helps the people in trouble.
③The doctor said that delaying this type of operation was just asking for trouble.
④We will take the trouble to__help(help) our neighbors out this time.
[能力提升]——一句多译
不论什么时候学习遇到困难， 请找我们帮忙。
⑤Please turn to us for help whenever you have__trouble__with__your__study. (trouble)
⑥Please turn to us for help whenever you have__problems__with__your__study. (problem)
⑦Please turn to us for help whenever you have__trouble/difficulty__in__studying. (trouble/difficulty)

(1)get sb.into/out of trouble
　　　　　　　　　 使某人陷入/摆脱困境
ask for trouble 自找麻烦；自讨苦吃
make trouble 制造麻烦，捣乱
in trouble 处于困境中

　 have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.
做某事遇到麻烦
　have trouble/problem with sth.
做某事有困难
[佳句背诵] If you don’t slow down, you will possibly get into trouble.
如果你不减速，你可能会陷入麻烦。
make it to　到达(to为介词)　
[一词多义]——写出下列句中make it的含义
①The flight leaves in twenty minutes—we’ll never make it.准时到达
②We didn’t make it to the party in the end.出席
③Frank was very ill, and the doctor didn’t think he’d make it.病情好转
[能力提升]——完成句子
④你决不应该灰心丧气。继续努力，你迟早会成功的。
In no sense should you lose heart; keep trying and you will__make__it__sooner__or__later．
⑤我必须耐心点，尽量习惯这儿的生活。我想我能做得到。
I must try my best to have patience and become used to the life here. I think I__can__make__it．

make it　获得成功；准时到达(尤其在困难的情况下)；幸免于难；渡过难关；能够出席(或到场)；病情好转
[佳句背诵]
①Don’t hide.Run! You’ll make it to tomorrow.
别躲避，奔跑吧，你就会找到明天。
②She’s very ambitious but I doubt she’ll ever make it to the top.
她很有抱负，但我怀疑她究竟能否成功。
in search of　寻找
[基础练习]——对比填空(search for; in search of; search)
①He is determined to go to the USA in__search__of a better life.
②I searched__the room for the lost key, but in vain.
③(浙江卷)Jane thought and decided to search__for some food.
[能力提升]——一句多译
每年都有许多受过良好教育的年轻人去海南岛找工作。
④Every year, many well­educated young people go to Hainan Island in__search__of__jobs．(search n．)
⑤Every year, many well­educated young people go to Hainan Island to__search__for__jobs．(search v．)

search sth./sb.　　　 搜查某物/搜身
search for＝look for 寻找
search...for... 为找到……而搜查……　
[佳句背诵] Firstly, they spent more time in search of food. Secondly, their muscles grew smaller and weaker.
首先，他们花了更多的时间寻找食物。其次，他们的肌肉变得越来越小，越来越弱。(2019·江苏卷)
[名师点津]
search sb.　　　　　　 搜身
search for sb. 寻找某人
make sense　讲得通；有意义；有道理
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(天津卷)See, your computer has broken down again！It doesn’t make sense to__buy(buy) the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
②There is no sense in complaining(complain). We should take action now.
③In no sense should you lose heart; keep trying and your effort will pay off in time.
④You are right in a sense, but you do not know all the facts.
⑤As parents we have a responsibility to give our children a sense of belonging(belong)．
[能力提升]——词汇升级
⑥(普通表达)It is necessary to explain your theory at length, otherwise the audience won’t understand what you are trying to get across.
(高级表达)It is necessary to explain your theory at length, otherwise the audience won’t make__sense__of what you are trying to get across.

(1)make sense of　 了解……的意义，懂得
it makes sense to do sth.
做某事有意义
(2)in a sense 从某种意义上说
in no sense 决不(用在句首时，句子用部分倒装)
(3)There is no sense in (doing) sth.
(口语)(做)某事是没有意义的。　
[词块助记]
common sense　　　　 常识
a sense of direction/humour/duty
方向感/幽默感/责任感
a sense of belonging 归属感
a sense of loss 失落感
the sense organs 感觉器官
the sense of sight/hearing/taste/touch
视/听/味/触觉

倍数句型：...times＋as...as...
(教材P12)It’s three times as big underwater.
(冰山)水下部分是水上部分的三倍大。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(江苏卷)The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster(fast) than traditional garbage as a whole.
②The new stadium being built for the 2022 Olympic Winter Games will be three times the height(high) of the present one.
[能力提升]——一句多译
在建的体育馆将是操场的三倍大。
③The new stadium being built will be three__times__as__big__as the playground.
④The new stadium being built will be three__times__the__size__of the playground.
⑤The new stadium being built will be twice__bigger__than the playground.

句中three times as big是倍数表达的一种常用形式，其基本结构：...倍数＋as many/much＋n.＋as...。常见的倍数句型：
(1) ...倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as...
(2) ...倍数＋形容词比较级/副词比较级＋than...
(3) ...倍数＋the size/length/height/depth/width＋of...
[佳句背诵] It’s said that the power plant is now twice as large as what it was.
据说该发电厂现在是以前的两倍大。(安徽卷)
[名师点津] 表示“两倍”时用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词＋times”表达。此句型中倍数也可以用分数、百分数或half等其他程度状语。
否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义
(教材P12)You certainly won’t find a noisier fish.
你当然不会发现比这更吵的鱼了。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Mr. Smith is a great teacher—I really couldn’t find a better(good) teacher.
②You can never be too careful while crossing the street.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)就我个人而言，在我们的日常生活中身体健康最重要。
③(普通表达)In my view, health__is__the__most__important__thing in our daily life.
④(高级表达)From my point of view, nothing__is__more__important__than__health in our daily life. (否定词＋比较级)


表示最高级含义的特殊结构：
(1)否定词＋比较级表示“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”，常用的否定词有no, not, never, nothing, nobody, hardly等。
(2)　
[佳句背诵] As a student, I can tell you that there is nothing better than being praised by the teacher before classmates.　作为一个学生，我可以告诉你，没有什么比在同学面前被老师表扬更好的了。
独立主格结构
(教材P14)One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands, our boat full of fish.
一天，我和我的两个兄弟从海岛上打鱼归来，船上载满了鱼。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①a.(全国卷)The party will be held in the garden, weather permitting(permit)．
b．(江苏卷)Much time spent(spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
②The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200，000 silver pennies

all of which over 600 years old.which→them或在which后加were,　　常见的独立主格结构：
名词/代词＋　
[佳句背诵] My childhood full of play and adventure, no one could have passed a happier childhood than myself.　我的童年充满了嬉戏和冒险，没人能像我那样欢快地度过童年。
[名师点津] 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，它独立存在。该结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。

维度一　在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．(2018·江苏卷)The extensive collection(collect) consists of masterworks in sculpture, colored glass, and precious objects from Europe dating from about the 9th to the 15th century.
2．The woman was awarded a degree in recognition(recognize) of her work in the community.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration(explore) in the heart of Washington, D．C.
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)This attractive(attract) tour takes you to some of San Francisco’s most cheerful holiday scenes.
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence(intelligent)．
维度二　在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．He is so stubborn that I don’t know how to persuade him to move to that house.
2．(浙江卷)Europeans see a piggy bank as a sign of good fortune and wealth.
3．The policeman caught the robber, who was trying to escape from the police car.
4．Because of cheating, Charlie has been banned from cycling for a year.
5．Joanna has finally made it to the first rank of celebrity after 25 years as an actress.
维度三　易错混用(改正下列句子中的错误)
1．You’d better make a apology to your teacher for your being late.a→an
2．Some students have trouble with remembering new words.with→in或删除with
3．I still remember the day when we spent together in Hong Kong.when→that/which
4．Being a student，you are supposed to participate more out­of­class activities.在participate后加in
5．Read this long sentence again and tell me if it makes a sense.删除a
维度四　语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)
1．The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people are persuaded to eat more fruit and vegetables.说服；劝说
2．Bob looked back only to find an old classmate whose name escaped him for the moment.被遗忘
3．(2019·天津卷)If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction of one of them.幸存
4．The schoolmaster said that some measures should be taken to stop the school violence.措施
5．With everything arranged, the manager left for England to attend an important business meeting.安排；筹备
6．In the questionnaire，the subjects are questioned whether they advocate banning cars in the city center.禁止
7．During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programme has increased sharply.参加

提能一　语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
According 1.to an old story, once there was an old man who made a 2.living(live) by fishing. One day, he arranged to go to sea 3.in search of some treasures in the sea. He was about to make it to the destination 4.when a big shark appeared. Though he 5.got(get) into great trouble, he remembered that his wife persuaded him 6.to__watch(watch) out for dangerous sea animals, so he came up with a wonderful idea to deal 7.with the problem. At last, he got rid of the shark and 8.made(make) it to a safe place. Later he made an 9.apology(apologise) to his wife and promised that he would never set sail on 10.his(he) own any more.
提能二　话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①布朗先生是一个探险家，他精力充沛。
Mr. Brown, who__is__energetic,__is an explorer.
②去年他决定航海去旧金山(San Francisco)。
Last year he decided to set__sail__to San Francisco.
③因为风太大，他左腿受伤，陷入了困境。
Because the wind was strong, his left leg was injured and he got__into__trouble．
④他碰巧看见远处有一艘大船，他得救了。
He happened__to__see__a__large__ship__in__the__distance and he was saved.
⑤三个月后他康复了。
He recovered__from__his__injury and that took him three months.
⑥他又开始了新的探险。
He began__his__new__exploration again.
2．升级平淡句
⑦用because of...升级句③
Because__of__the__strong__wind,__his__left__leg__was__injured__and__he__got__into__trouble.
⑧用it作形式主语升级句⑤
It__took__him__three__months__to__recover__from__his__injury.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：eventually)
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One possible version：
Mr. Brown, who is energetic, is an explorer. Last year he decided to set sail to San Francisco. Because of the strong wind, his left leg was injured and he got into trouble. He happened to see a large ship in the distance and eventually he was saved. It took him three months to recover from his injury. He began his new exploration again.

课时练1　2篇阅读＋1篇完形
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·河南六市高三联考)It’s thought that around 5 trillion pieces of plastic are currently floating in our oceans.
Both mammals and fish benefit from the clean ocean. It is reported that more than 8 million tons of plastic end up in our oceans every year, and nearly half of the plastic we produce is single­use only.
This shoe brand, however, is riding the wave of change and is on a mission to help clean up our waters and rid the sea of plastic bottles that can take up to 400 years to break down. Vivobarefoot’s newest footwear uses recycled plastic materials and has created an education program that spreads awareness about how harmful plastic is for sea life.
Every pair of shoes is made up of 17 plastic water bottles taken from the ocean and turned into a sustainable, comfortable pair of shoes, which are also healthy for your feet. And while not everyone can take part in ocean cleanups, choosing little ways we can give back to our planet goes a long way.
Vivobarefoot’s new products include a variety of high performance styles such as casual sneakers, running shoes, and hiking boots. The brand hopes that its latest initiative(新方案) will help lessen the indifference to pollution and how harmful it is for all living beings.
In the future, Vivobarefoot hopes to increase their production of shoes created from sustainable materials, and thankfully, it is now one of many brands that aim to increase environmentalism and educate communities on how global warming affects everyone.
This year, they’ll add more recyclable and traceable materials into more than half of their production line, and they have plenty of creative developments in the works as well.
The shoes also have a health benefit. Based on the concept that wider, minimally designed shoes enable our foot to function at maximum potential, wearers also experience better balance and sensory input.
【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了一家利用海洋中的废弃塑料瓶造鞋的公司。
1．How does the author make his point convincing?
A．By listing figures.
B．By telling a story.
C．By giving examples.
D．By making comparisons.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段和第二段所列举的数字可推知，作者是通过数字来增加说服力的，故选A。
2．What is Vivobarefoot doing to help with the marine creatures?
A．Donating money to buy food for them.
B．Keeping the ocean free from plastic bottles.
C．Producing more shoes from sustainable materials.
D．Raising public awareness of recycling and reuse.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“This shoe brand, however, is riding the wave of change and is on a mission to help clean up our waters and rid the sea of plastic bottles that can take up to 400 years to break down.”可知，这家公司是通过清除海洋塑料瓶来帮助海洋生物的，故选B。
3．What is probably Vivobarefoot’s operation philosophy?
A．Customer­focused.
B．Service­oriented.
C．Money­saving.
D．Environmentally­friendly.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Every pair of shoes is...a sustainable, comfortable pair of shoes”和第六段中的“it is now one of many brands that aim to increase environmentalism and educate communities on how global warming affects everyone”可推知，这家公司的经营理念是环保，故选D。
4．What can we learn from the text?
A．Vivobarefoot’s new products haven’t been released.
B．Vivobarefoot is the most popular shoe brand in the world.
C．Vivobarefoot cares about not only its business but also public services.
D．Vivobarefoot is the first company to find the new function of waste materials.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“This year, they’ll add more recyclable and traceable materials into more than half of their production line, and they have plenty of creative developments in the works as well.”可推知，Vivobarefoot公司不仅仅关注生意，而且还关注公益服务，故选C。
B
(2020·福建质量检查)TrailSafe! is a unique safety training program designed specifically for National Park Service(NPS) Trail Volunteers, but is useful to everyone! It’s based upon NPS Operational Leadership Training, where the human factor of safety is explored. TrailSafe! captures the core learning objectives of the 16­hour Operational Leadership course while allowing volunteers to learn from their own homes online.
The TrailSafe! series includes eight video lessons, each ranging in length from 18 to 40 minutes. Watch them over the course of multiple days, or “binge­watch” the entire series in three hours—it’s up to you—but please watch them in order from Lesson 1 through Lesson 8. After viewing the lessons, send your training verification(证实) emails to register your participation. When you have viewed and registered for all eight individual lessons, each participant will receive a TrailSafe! pin and a SPE/GAR card in the mail for use in the field. Thank you for helping to make Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore one of the safest work environments for NPS Trail Volunteers like yourself.
Ready to start?
Click on this link to access all TrailSafe! videos: https: //www.nps.gov/iatr/trail­safe.htm
If you require Audio Descriptive versions of TrailSafe！， the link to those videos is also available on the Ice Age National Scenic Trail site.
Record your participation
In order to receive credits for your participation, please fill in your answers to the following questions and send an email to: daniel_watson@nps.gov.
●Which video lesson did you just complete viewing?
●Name of the Trail where you volunteer.
●Your name and full mailing address, so we may send your course completion materials to you.
●Names and addresses of others if you are viewing this lesson in a group setting.
●Optional：Please let us know any comments or suggestions you have about this lesson.
Upon registering your completion for the entire eight lesson series, you’ll receive your TrailSafe! pin and risk assessment card via mail.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了TrailSafe！道路安全培训课程的情况，包括学习方法、申报途径等。
5．What is the aim of TrailSafe！？
A．To develop volunteers’ operational leadership.
B．To offer links to the websites for learning.
C．To provide credits for viewing.
D．To pass the risk assessment.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“It’s based upon NPS Operational Leadership Training, where the human factor of safety is explored.”，并结合该段内容可知，TrailSafe！培训课程基于NPS运营领导培训，在此培训中探索安全方面的人为因素。据此可推知，该课程旨在开发志愿者的运营领导能力，故A项正确。
6．How long does it take the participants to watch the eight videos at a time?
A．18 minutes. B．40 minutes.
C．3 hours. D．16 hours.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“‘binge­watch’ the entire series in three hours”可知，一次性看完8个视频课程需要3个小时，故C项正确。
7．What should the participants do to get a SPE/GAR card?
A．Watch and register for all the series.
B．Give some comments on the lessons.
C．Send and receive training mail.
D．Answer all of the questions.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“When you have viewed and registered for all eight individual lessons, each participant will receive a TrailSafe! pin and a SPE/GAR card in the mail for use in the field.”可知，在观看并注册所有8个单独的课程后，每个参与者将会在邮箱里收到用于该领域的TrailSafe！徽章和SPE或GAR卡，故A项正确。
8．What can be inferred about the job of NPS Trail Volunteers?
A．It is popular with everyone.
B．It can be dangerous.
C．It shall be completed online.
D．It needs NPS working experience.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句中的“a unique safety training program designed specifically for National Park Service(NPS) Trail Volunteers”和第二句中的“where the human factor of safety is explored”以及最后一段中的“risk assessment”可推知，NPS道路志愿者工作是一项危险的工作，故B项正确。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·合肥重点高中模拟)Jayce began noticing when he was in kindergarten that he looked different from his classmates. They had two arms. He had one.
It started when one boy __1__him, said his mother, Lewis. He’d return to his home with questions：“Why am I __2__？ Why me？” His mother recalled he was actually sad and that it was a heavy __3__ to his heart.
Lewis __4__ she didn’t know what to do at that point. A few weeks later, Lewis turned on the TV and saw a news story about an eighth grader, Trashaun, becoming an Internet hit after __5__ videos of his slam dunks(灌篮), and, like Jayce, he __6__ most of his left arm. Lewis called Jayce in. To her surprise, Jayce was immediately __7__. At the time, it seemed that watching Trashaun was __8__ an inspiring moment for Jayce—he saw a role model with a similar __9__. If it had stayed just that, Lewis would have been happy enough. But little did she know that a family friend had already __10__ to the newspaper to help set up a __11__ with Trashaun to build Jayce’s confidence.
The boys met and instantly __12__ with each other as both of them were in the same condition. They rode bikes, took photos, and played basketball on the court. Instead of spending the whole day feeling __13__ for themselves, they had a lot of fun. However, Trashaun did get __14__ with Jayce sometimes. They talked about his left arm. He told Jayce he was perfect the way he was made. He also told him not to let anyone __15__ him and not to let those words shake his __16__．
Since that meeting, Lewis has seen a noticeable __17__ in her son. As for Trashaun, his relationship with Jayce made him __18__ to help more kids. “Honestly, it __19__ a lot to know that I changed Jayce’s life，” Trashaun says. Still, he never dreamed that his __20__ would have such an impact. “I just thought my friends would see them, and be like, ‘Oh, he dunked it！’”
He certainly did.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Trashaun帮助Jayce重拾信心的故事。
1．A.supported　 B．teased
C．cheated D．pleased
B　解析：根据第一段可知，Jayce在幼儿园时注意到自己和同班同学不一样，因为他只有一只胳膊，结合下文中的“he was actually sad and that it was a heavy ______ to his heart”可推知，此处是说Jayce因为缺少一只胳膊而被一个男孩嘲笑(teased)，故选B。
2．A.lonely B．silly
C．different D．ordinary
C　解析：根据语境可知，Jayce不明白自己为什么与别人不同(different)，故选C。
3．A.duty B．breath
C．debt D．blow
D　解析：根据上文Jayce被嘲笑并结合语境可推知，缺少一只胳膊不仅让Jayce很难过，而且这对其心灵是一个沉重的打击(blow)，故选D。
4．A.argued B．promised
C．suspected D．admitted
D　解析：根据语境可推知，当时Lewis承认(admitted)她并不知道应该做些什么(来帮助她的儿子)，故选D。
5．A.downloading B．posting
C．buying D．watching
B　解析：根据语境可知，Trashaun把他自己的灌篮视频发布(posting)到网上后走红，故选B。
6．A.lost B．hurt
C．used D．recovered
A　解析：根据该句中的“like Jayce”和“most of his left arm”，并结合上文Jayce少了一只胳膊可推知，Trashaun的境况和Jayce一样，他失去(lost)了大部分左胳膊，故选A。
7．A.satisfied B．confused
C．bored D．attracted
D　解析：根据下文中的“At the time, it seemed that watching Trashaun was ________ an inspiring moment for Jayce”可推知，Jayce立刻被Trashaun的故事吸引(attracted)了，故选D。
8．A.hardly B．simply
C．still D．never
B　解析：根据下文中的“If it had stayed just that, Lewis would have been happy enough.”可推知，当时看Trashaun的视频对Jayce来说只是(simply)一个鼓舞人心的时刻，故选B。
9．A.response B．family
C．problem D．education
C　解析：根据语境可推知，Jayce缺少一只胳膊，Trashaun失去了大部分左胳膊，故此处指他们两个有类似的问题(problem)，故选C。
10．A.reached out B．looked out
C．got out D．turned out
A　解析：根据语境可推知，Lewis的一位朋友已经联系(reached out)了报社来帮助安排Jayce和Trashaun的会面(meeting)，从而增强Jayce的自信心，故选A。
11．A.game B．fighting
C．trap D．meeting
D　解析：参见上题解析。
12．A.bonded B．competed
C．parted D．raced
A　解析：根据下文中的“They rode bikes, took photos, and played basketball on the court.”可推知，两个男孩拥有相同的境况，很快建立了互信关系。bond with sb.“建立(与某人的)互信关系”，为固定搭配，故选A。
13．A.happy B．grateful
C．sorry D．fearful
C　解析：根据语境“Instead of”可推知，此处与下文的“fun”形成对比，故选C。
14．A.angry B．serious
C．tough D．familiar
B　解析：根据空前的“However”与下文中的“They talked about his left arm.”可推知，Trashaun有时也会和Jayce有严肃的(serious)时刻，他们会谈论他的左胳膊，故选B。
15．A.approach B．comfort
C．discourage D．leave
C　解析：根据语境可推知，此处是Trashaun在鼓励Jayce，告诉他不要让任何人使他气馁(discourage)，也不要让其他人的话动摇他的信心(confidence)，故选C。
16．A.confidence B．patience
C．sadness D．honesty
A　解析：参见上题解析。
17．A.advantage B．scar
C．drawback D．change
D　解析：根据下文中的“‘Honestly, it ________ a lot to know that I changed Jayce’s life，’ Trashaun says.”可推知，自从那次会面后，Jayce发生了显著的变化(change)，故选D。
18．A.expect B．agree
C．hesitate D．refuse
A　解析：根据下文中的“‘Honestly, it ________ a lot to know that I changed Jayce’s life，’ Trashaun says.”可推知，通过和Jayce的交往，Trashaun了解到自己改变了Jayce，这让他期望(expect)能够帮助更多的孩子，故选A。
19．A.cares B．means
C．saves D．takes
B　解析：结合上题解析可推知，了解到自己改变了Jayce对Trashaun来讲意义(means)重大，故选B。
20．A.attitudes B．words
C．videos D．disabilities
C　解析：根据下文中的“I just thought my friends would see them, and be like, ‘Oh, he dunked it！’”可推知，此处指的是Trashaun之前上传到网上的视频(videos)，故选C。
课时练2　2篇阅读＋1篇七选五
＋1篇语法填空
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·洛阳、许昌质检) Scientists are preparing to launch the world’s first machine to clean up the planet’s largest mass of ocean plastic.
The experts believe the machine should be able to collect half of the detritus in the patch—about 40，000 metric tons—within five years. In the past few weeks they have been busy welding together giant tubes that will sit on the surface of the sea and form the skeleton of the machine, creating the largest floating barrier ever made.
The system, originally dreamt up by Mr. Slat, will be shipped out this summer to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, between Hawaii and California, which contains estimated 1.8 trillion pieces of plastic. It will be the first ever attempt to tackle the patch since it was discovered in 1997.
Mr. Slat was 16 and still at school when he was diving in Greece and first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting the sea. “There were more bags than fish down there，” he recalls. Two years later he came up with a solution, quit university after six months and set up The Ocean Cleanup as a company. Mr. Slat says the first plastic to arrive on shore will be a major milestone. “We as humanity created this problem, so I think it’s also our responsibility to help solve it，” he says.
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch(GPGP) covers an area of 1.6 million square kilometers and contains at least 79，000 tons of plastic, research found last month. Most of it is made up of “ghost gear”—parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets and ropes—often from illegal fishing vessels.
Ghost gear kills more than 100，000 whales, dolphins and seals each year, according to scientific surveys. Seabirds and other marine life are increasingly being found dead with stomachs full of small pieces of plastic. Creatures eat plastic discarded in the sea thinking it’s food but then starve to death because they are not feeding properly. Others are trapped and die of starvation or are strangled or suffocated by ghost gear.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界首个海洋垃圾清扫机的发明。
1．What does the underlined word “detritus” in the second paragraph probably mean?
A．Waste. B．Ocean.
C．System. D．Machine.
A　解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词前的“collect half of”和第四段第一句中的“first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting the sea”和第五段最后一句中的“parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets and ropes—often from illegal fishing vessels”可推知，画线词的意思是“垃圾”。故选A。
2．Which one makes up most of the garbage in Pacific from the passage?
A．Fishing vessels.
B．Dolphins and seals.
C．Giant tubes.
D．Abandoned fishing gear.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Most of it is made up of ‘ghost gear’—parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets and ropes—often from illegal fishing vessels.”可知，太平洋里的大部分垃圾是由废弃的钓鱼用具组成的。
3．Why do some creatures in The Great Pacific Garbage Patch die of starvation?
A．Because they are killed by ghost gear.
B．Because they are suffocated by ghost gear.
C．Because they don’t like eating plastic.
D．Because they are not feeding properly.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句中的“but then starve to death because they are not feeding properly”可知，太平洋垃圾带的一些生物死于饥饿是因为它们不能正常地进食。
4．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．A report about the death of marine life.
B．News about the first machine to clean up ocean plastic.
C．Information about ocean plastic.
D．The reason for inventing a machine.
B　解析：主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界首个海洋垃圾清扫机的发明。第一段“Scientists are preparing to launch the world’s first machine to clean up the planet’s largest mass of ocean plastic.”点明了文章的主题。故选B。
B
(2020·安徽五校质检) We humans are addicted to sugar. That makes sense. All animals need sugar to live. It’s the fuel that powers our cells. So it’s not surprising that we’re born to want the sweet stuff.
Sugar stores the sun’s energy like a battery. After a meal, your body breaks down foods into their building blocks. It uses some sugar for energy right away. The rest get stored for the body to break down later. It’s a myth that sugar makes you extremely excited, but having a sugary snack can give you a quick burst of energy. That’s because the sugar in sweet foods is easy for your body to turn into fuel. When you eat other kinds of foods, like vegetables, it takes longer for your body to break the sugar down.
These days it’s easy to find sweet snacks. Sodas, candy, cakes and even foods that seem healthy, such as yogurt, can be packed with sugar. Food makers add sugar, because they know that to humans, sweet makes everything taste better. Americans eat about 20 teaspoons of extra sugar every day. That’s way more than what is good for us.
Eating too much sugar can cause more than a stomachache. It can make people overweight, decay the teeth and even cause diabetes. However, experts aren’t worried about naturally sweet foods—the problem is added sugar. So go ahead and enjoy sweet apples or even sugar—rich carrots that are also full of vitamins and other good stuff.
Even cake is great once in a while, as long as you don’t overdo it. After all, no one wants life to be dull. And your body needs its fuel!
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。糖能给人体提供必需的能量，且易分解，人天生需要糖分；虽然甜食尝起来可口，但是我们不要过多食用。
5．The first two paragraphs are mainly developed by ________．
A．cause and effect B．problem and solution
C．giving examples D．making comparisons
A　解析：写作手法题。根据第一段尾句“So it’s not surprising that we’re born to want the sweet stuff.”和第二段倒数第二句“That’s because the sugar in sweet foods is easy for your body to turn into fuel.”，并结合第一、二段的内容可知，第一段解释了人天生需要糖的原因；第二段解释了甜食能快速补充能量的原因；据此可推知，第一、二段是通过解释因果的方法组织内容的，故A项正确。
6．People may be tricked into eating too much sugar because ________．
A．no one wants life to be boring
B．we’re born to want the sweet stuff
C．so­called healthy food can be packed with sugar
D．sugar is the fuel for the plants and animals on the earth
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句“These days it’s easy to find sweet snacks. Sodas, candy, cakes and even foods that seem healthy, such as yogurt, can be packed with sugar.”可知，甜食随处可见，即使是看起来健康的食品也会含有大量糖分，故人们会误食很多含糖食品。
7．What does the author want to stress in Paragraph 4?
A．We’d better say no to sweet foods.
B．Experts are worried about added sugar.
C．Eating too much sugar is bad for our health.
D．We’d better consume sugar from natural sources.
D　解析：推理判断题。通读第四段可知，该段第一、二句介绍了食用过量的糖的害处；第三句说明专家对添加糖分的食品的担忧；第四句提出建议：吃富含糖但也富含维生素和其他有益成分的天然食物。据此可推知，该段旨在强调，我们最好食用天然食物来摄入糖分，故D项正确。
8．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Sugar Is Everywhere
B．Sugar Brings Happiness
C．Why Do We Love Sugar?
D．Why Does Sugar Make Us Fat?
C　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，糖能给人体提供必需的能量，且易分解，人天生需要糖分；虽然甜食尝起来可口，但是食用过量的糖有害人体健康，我们最好食用不但富含糖分、还含有维生素和其他有益成分的天然食物。故C项最适合作本文标题。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·滁州模拟)Whoever wrote the song “It’s the Most Wonderful Time of the Year” must have never experienced the holiday blues. Fortunately, psychological research suggests some effective ways you can use to beat the holiday blues. The key point is that sadness and other tough emotions are not what we should try to avoid. 1.________. Here are four strategies to help you make your own happiness recipe this holiday season.
Don’t force cheer
At family gatherings with cousins you secretly can’t stand, you tend to put on a happy face. Indeed, that might even seem like the most mature response—no drama, no conflict. But a 2011 study followed dozens of bus drivers, looking to see when they gave forced or honest smiles at their passengers. The results showed when the drivers pretended to have a good mood, their actual moods got worse. 2.________．
Let out sadness
The results of the bus­driver study can be explained by researchers, who find that negative feelings like sadness or anger only increase when we try to control them. 3.________. We don’t like contradictory behavior.
Respond cautiously
Recently, scientists have been paying special attention to the benefits of caution. When you respond cautiously to an emotional trigger, you pause rather than react at once. 4.________. Besides, it is associated with less anxiety, and may even carry physiological benefits.
5．________
Of course, the holidays will bring a mix of highs and lows, but the most important lesson to keep in mind is that this variety of emotions might be the best thing possible for your overall well­being. In other words, sadness, anger, and other difficult emotions are nothing to fear. Just make sure you’re balancing them with lighter experiences. And don’t forget to give yourself a break.
A．Relax your mind
B．Enjoy a mix of emotions
C．We tend to deny the important function emotions serve
D．Instead, they can help contribute to a healthy and happy life
E．So trying to force happiness seems to have the opposite effects
F．A cautious response to a negative event reduces sadness we experience
G．We feel bad when our appearance contradicts how we truly feel inside
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了缓解假期忧郁的四种策略。
1．D　解析：承接上文“The key point is that sadness and other tough emotions are not what we should try to avoid.”可知，负面情绪不是我们应该试图避免的，且与下文中的“Here are four strategies to help you make your own happiness recipe this holiday season.”衔接，并结合下文介绍的策略可推知，此处表示负面情绪反而有助于健康、快乐地生活，故选D。
2．E　解析：结合本段小标题Don’t force cheer和对本段的整体理解可推知，强颜欢笑会适得其反，故选E。
3．G　解析：根据上文中的“negative feelings like sadness or anger only increase when we try to control them”和下文中的“We don’t like contradictory behavior.”可推知，此处表示当我们的外表和内心的情感不一致时我们会感觉很糟糕，故选G。
4．F　解析：根据本段小标题Respond cautiously以及空前一句中的“When you respond cautiously”和空后一句“Besides, it is associated with less anxiety, and may even carry physiological benefits.”可推知，F项符合语境，其中的“cautious response”也是提示。
5．B　解析：根据空处所在位置可知，空处是段落小标题；根据对本段的整体理解可推知，本段主要讲的是享受混合情绪，故选B。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·合肥高三质检)One habit of those people who are smarter than everyone else is to stay up late. In movies, the creative genius always works late into the midnight hours by candlelight—and perhaps this style 1.____________(root) in fact.
A study 2.____________ experts from the London School of Economics and Political Science found that people who tend to go to bed later have 3.____________(high) IQs. 4.____________ study authors believe the root of why this is lies in our evolution—because nighttime was a more dangerous time, and our ancestors who were to stay up instead of going to sleep 5.____________(need) to be more intelligent. Also, 6.____________(stay) awake into the night was a new idea 7.____________ was attractive to curious minds.
Today, our varying living rhythms may still reflect this. “Perhaps some smart people stay up later because their internal clocks are 8.____________(simple) different，” Dr. Wai says. “Or, perhaps they stay up later because they tend to be alone, and like being up late at night without distractions to think and solve their 9.____________(problem)．” But if you are a night owl, still remember 10.____________(get) your seven to nine hours of sleep.
【解题导语】　研究表明，有熬夜习惯的人有更高的智商。
1．is rooted　解析：考查固定用法。根据语境可知，这种电影的情节可能来源于真实情况。be rooted in sth.“起源于某事物”是固定用法，且此处叙述的是一般情况，应用一般现在时，故填is rooted。
2．by　解析：考查介词。根据语境可知，此处是说一项由专家所作的研究，故填by。
3．higher　解析：考查形容词比较级。根据上下文及空前的“go to bed later”可知，这里是说睡觉更晚的人有更高的智商，故此处用high的比较级higher。
4．The　解析：考查冠词。这里特指上文提到的研究的作者们，故用定冠词The。
5．needed　解析：考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，此处叙述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填needed。
6．staying　解析：考查动名词。分析句子结构可知，此处为动名词短语作主语。
7．that/which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a new idea，在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
8．simply　解析：考查副词。修饰形容词应用副词，故用simple的副词形式simply修饰其后的形容词different。
9．problems　解析：考查名词的单复数。根据句意“也许他们熬夜是因为他们倾向于独处，并且喜欢深夜全神贯注地来思考和解决问题”，且problem为可数名词可知，此处应用problem的复数形式，故填problems。
10．to get　解析：考查非谓语动词。remember to do sth.“记得去做某事”为固定用法，故填to get。