高考英语一轮复习unit 21 human biology课时练含答案

课时练1　2篇阅读＋1篇完形

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2020·济南模拟)We humans love to stare into our smart devices. We gaze for hours—about 10 hours and 39 minutes a day—at our computers, smartphones, tablets and televisions. Is all this staring bad for us? It might be, mainly because as we stare at our devices we are exposing ourselves to blue light.

Blue light is a type of electromagnetic(电磁的) radiation with a very short wavelength that produces a high amount of energy. While it’s true that light can damage our eyes under certain circumstances, there’s no scientific evidence suggesting that blue light is harmful to our eyes. But many people still think it is, which is why blue­light­blocking glasses are so popular. So do the glasses work?

“Everyone is very concerned that blue light may be causing damage to the eye, but there’s no evidence that it may be causing serious damage，” Dr. Rahul Khurana, clinical spokesman for the American Academy of Ophthalmology, told Business Insider.

Blue light exposure is nothing new. In fact, the sun is the largest source of blue light. Moreover, blue light is also present in LED light. But if blue light isn’t harmful, then why are we constantly rubbing our eyes when we’re looking at our screens? The answer is eyestrain (眼疲劳): More than 60 percent of people experience eye problems associated with digital eyestrain. And blue light, it seems, isn’t the cause. Instead, our eyes are so strained because most of us blink less when we stare at our digital devices. So if eyestrain is the issue, blue­light­blocking glasses are probably of little use.

【解题导语】　该文主要探讨了蓝光是否对我们的眼睛有害的问题。

1．What do we know about blue light?

A．It is a kind of nuclear radiation.

B．It has the shortest wavelength.

C．It may come from electronic devices.

D．It consumes a great deal of energy.

C　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“It might be, mainly because as we stare at our devices we are exposing ourselves to blue light.”可推知，电子设备会发出蓝光。

2．What causes the popularity of blue­light­blocking glasses?

A．Evidence of their benefits to eyes.

B．Belief in blue light’s harmful effect.

C．Widespread use of smart devices.

D．Scientific understanding of blue light.

B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“there’s no scientific evidence suggesting that blue light is harmful to our eyes. But many people still think it is, which is why blue­light­blocking glasses are so popular.”可知，防蓝光眼镜流行的原因是人们认为蓝光会对眼睛有害。

3．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?

A．Blue light exposure is hardly avoidable.

B．Eye problems are not easy to deal with.

C．Blue light may connect with tired eyes.

D．Rubbing eyes makes people strained.

A　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的前三句“Blue light exposure is nothing new. In fact, the sun is the largest source of blue light. Moreover, blue light is also present in LED light.”可知，阳光是蓝光最大的来源，而且蓝光也存在于LED灯中。由此可推知，接触蓝光几乎是不可避免的。

4．According to the text, wearing blue­light­blocking glasses may be ________．

A．tiring　　　　　　　　　 B．harmful

C．useless   D．beneficial

C　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“So if eyestrain is the issue, blue­light­blocking glasses are probably of little use.”可知，戴防蓝光眼镜可能是没有用处的。

B

(2020· 郑州摸底测试) Running is often tiring and a lot of hard work, but nothing beats the feeling you get after finishing a long workout around the track.

But while it’s long been believed that endorphins(内啡肽)—chemicals in the body that cause happiness—are behind the so­called “runner’s high”， a study suggested that there may be more to this phenomenon than we previously knew.

According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities, a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids(内源性大麻素) may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.

To test this theory, the scientists turned to mice.

Both mice and humans release high levels of endorphins and endocannabinoids after exercise, along with many other chemicals. After exercising on running wheels, the mice seemed happy and relaxed and displayed no signs of anxiety.

But after being given a drug to block their endorphins they changed. However, when their endocannabinoids were blocked with a different drug, the runner’s high symptoms seemed to fade.

“The long­held notion of endorphins being responsible for the runner’s high is false. Endorphins are effective pain relievers, but only when it comes to the pain in your body and muscles you feel after working out，” Patrick Lucas Austin wrote on a science blog.

Similar studies are yet to be carried out on humans, but it’s already well known that exercise is a highly effective way to get rid of stress or anxiety.

The UK’s National Health Service even prescribes(开药方)exercise for patients who are suffering from depression.

“Being depressed can leave you feeling low in energy, which might put you off being more active. Regular exercise can boost your mood if you have depression, and it’s especially useful for people with mild to moderate(中等的) depression，” it wrote on its website.

It seems like nothing can beat that feeling we get after a good workout, even if we don’t fully understand where it comes from. At least if we’re feeling down, we know that all we have to do is put on our running shoes.

【解题导语】　本文主要探究了影响运动者情绪高涨的因素。

5．What did scientists from German universities recently discover?

A．Working out is a highly effective way to treat depression.

B．The runner’s high could be caused by endocannabinoids.

C．Endorphins may contribute to one’s high spirits after running.

D．The level of endorphins and endocannabinoids could affect one’s mood.

B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities, a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids(内源性大麻素) may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.”可知，德国一些大学的科学家们最近发现了跑步者情绪高涨是由内源性大麻素引起的，故选B。

6．The scientists gave mice drugs in their experiment to ________.

A．find what reduces the runner’s high symptoms

B．see the specific symptoms of the runner’s high

C．identify what is responsible for the runner’s high

D．test what influences the level of endocannabinoids released

C　解析：推理判断题。根据对第二段和第三段的整体理解，并结合第四段“To test this theory, the scientists turned to mice.”可推知，科学家们在实验中给老鼠药物是为了确定究竟是哪种物质会引起跑步者的情绪高涨，故选C。

7．The underlined word “notion” in Paragraph 7 has the closest meaning to “________”．

A．effect   B．goal

C．question   D．belief

D　解析：词义猜测题。根据对全文内容的理解可知，该词所在句子与第二段“But while it’s long been believed that endorphins(内啡肽)—chemicals in the body that cause happiness—are behind the so­called ‘runner’s high’， a study suggested that there may be more to this phenomenon than we previously knew.”呼应，并结合本句结构可推知，此处notion与believed相呼应，故选D。

8．According to the UK’s National Health Service, regular workouts ________．

A．are the best way to treat depression

B．can help ease depression symptoms

C．only work for those with serious depression

D．can help people completely recover from depression

B　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三、四段和倒数第二段第二句“Regular exercise can boost your mood if you have depression, and it’s especially useful for people with mild to moderate(中等的)depression.”可知，常规锻炼有利于情绪好转及缓解抑郁症状，故选B。

Ⅱ.完形填空

(2020·石家庄重点高中摸底考试)On my way back home I was stopped at traffic lights by some people who asked for help. A woman—in her attempt to give __1__ to an ambulance—had driven her car over stony obstacles that separated the bike line from the street, and, as a result, had gotten her car __2__. She couldn’t move the car in any __3__ without damaging it. A couple of people tried to __4__ the car back but the obstacles were too high. Seeing that they couldn’t do much about it, they left. The woman in the car tried to __5__ some service, and was told that it would take about 45 minutes for someone to get there.

While watching the other people __6__， I realized the woman would be on her own and I imagined how __7__ that would be if I were in her shoes. After some talking, she __8__ me to sit inside her car.

I wasn’t in a hurry, so I __9__ my family that I would be later and then tried to __10__ the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others __11__. But actually it wasn’t too much trouble __12__ they could still pass, and also there wasn’t anything she could do about it __13__. We laughed and __14__ that all we needed was some tea for our picnic.

Finally __15__ came and helped her back on the street. She __16__me and asked for my phone number so she could return the __17__， but I told her it was okay. She seemed to feel much __18__ when we said our goodbyes. I believe that not having to face a difficult situation __19__ can make a lot of __20__．

【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者安慰并帮助一位在马路上因为给救护车让行而陷入困境的女士的故事。

1．A.signal   B．way

C．time   D．help

B　解析：一位女士试图给一辆救护车让行。give way to...“给……让行”，为固定搭配。故选B。

2．A.stuck   B．broken

C．dirty   D．abandoned

A　解析：根据下文中的“She couldn’t move the car”可推知，因为给救护车让行，这位女士的车卡(stuck)在那里不能动弹。

3．A.sense   B．minute

C．direction   D．line

C　解析：在不损坏车的情况下，无论往哪个方向(direction)都无法移动。

4．A.lift   B．hold

C．pull   D．drive

A　解析：根据上文中的“She couldn’t move the car”以及下文中的“but the obstacles were too high”可推知，车子卡在那里，障碍物太高，不能被抬(lift)回来。

5．A.offer   B．seek

C．refuse   D．take

B　解析：那位女士在车里试图寻求(seek)一些服务。

6．A.shout   B．discuss

C．stand   D．leave

D　解析：根据上文中的“Seeing that they couldn’t do much about it, they left.”可知，当时其他人因为帮不了什么忙，都走开(leave)了。

7．A.amazing   B．pleasant

C．uneasy   D．incredible

C　解析：根据上文可知，那位女士的车被卡在障碍物上，其他人又帮不上忙，作者将心比心，觉得此情此景，那位女士一定不舒服(uneasy)，与下文中的“the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others ______”呼应。

8．A.forced   B．invited

C．ordered   D．allowed

B　解析：根据语境可推知，那位女士邀请(invited)作者坐进她的车里。

9．A.consulted   B．warned

C．advised   D．informed

D　解析：根据语境及下文中的“I would be later”可推知，作者是通知(informed)家人一些情况。

10．A.persuade   B．comfort

C．frighten   D．satisfy

B　解析：根据空后的“the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others ______”可推知，那位女士似乎感到焦虑不安，作者试图宽慰(comfort)她，这与下文“We laughed and ______ that all we needed was some tea for our picnic.”呼应。

11．A.trouble   B．disbelief

C．anxiety   D．embarrassment

A　解析：根据下文中的“But actually it wasn’t too much trouble ______ they could still pass”可推知，那位女士为给他人带来麻烦(trouble)而感到焦虑不安。

12．A.though   B．until

C．since   D．unless

C　解析：根据语境可推知，此处前后内容表示逻辑上的因果关系。故since “因为” 符合语境。

13．A.anyway   B．therefore

C．still   D．somehow

A　解析：根据上文“She couldn’t move the car in any ______ without damaging it.”可推知，无论如何(anyway)，那位女士对当时那种情况也是无能为力的。

14．A.remembered   B．realized

C．thought   D．joked

D　解析：由空前的“We laughed”可推知，作者和那位女士当时都笑了，并且开着玩笑(joked)。

15．A.news   B．my partner

C．assistance   D．an ambulance

C　解析：根据空后的“helped her back on the street”可推知，最终援助(assistance)到了，帮那位女士回到了路上。

16．A.greeted   B．thanked

C．accepted   D．attracted

B　解析：根据语境可知，作者去安慰那位受困的女士，那位女士在最终解困后应是感谢(thanked)作者。

17．A.car   B．company

C．favor   D．picnic

C　解析：根据语境可推知，那位女士想要作者的电话号码，以回报作者的帮助(favor)。

18．A.nervous   B．unwilling

C．disappointed   D．better

D　解析：根据语境可知，那位女士从困境中解脱出来，感觉比之前好了许多。故D项符合语境。

19．A.alone   B．bravely

C．bitterly   D．directly

A　解析：根据上文可知，由于作者的帮助和安慰，最终那位女士心情变好了许多，由此可推知，她当时不是独自(alone)面对困境。

20．A.decision   B．fortune

C．choice   D．difference

D　解析：作者认为不用独自面对困境可以产生很大影响(difference)。

课时练2　2篇阅读＋1篇读后续写

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2020·泉州高三质检)We are what we eat. That is an old expression, but one worth knowing. A recent look at diets around the world shows that people who eat healthy food—and not too much of it—live longer. But which areas of the world have the best diets? Researchers found that foods in some of the healthiest diets—Mediterranean diet, New Nordic diet, Japanese diet and French diet—may be very different, but they are all heavy on local and seasonal foods, which include more vegetables and seafood and less red meat.

Mediterranean diet contains lots of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and olive oil. The diet has proper amounts of fish and poultry(家禽肉). Red meat and foods high in sugar and salt are not big parts of this diet.

New Nordic diet has whole grains like oats and rye, vegetables such as carrots, broccoli and eggs, seafood, fruits, oil, low­fat milk and cheese. Sugary desserts are not common in this diet.

Japanese people are some of the longest living people on the planet, with women up to 87 years old and men up to 80. The Japanese diet is the reason for such lengths of life. The diet has many foods that are low in calories and high in nutrients. Japanese people eat a lot of seaweed, tofu, rice, vegetables and fish. The tradition there is to stop eating when your stomach feels 80 percent full.

However, French people eat fatty foods but do not get fat. And they live a long time. This phenomenon is called the “French Paradox”. The reason why the French eat fatty foods without getting fat may be simple. They eat less. Serving sizes in French restaurants and of products sold in stores are smaller than those in most countries. And generally speaking, most French people do not snack. This means they do not eat food between meals.

【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了世界上四种最健康的饮食。

1．What do we know about the healthiest diets around the world?

A．They contain abundant calories.

B．They tend to be expensive.

C．They share certain similarities.

D．They reflect popular tastes.

C　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“may be very different, but they are all heavy on local and seasonal foods, which include more vegetables and seafood and less red meat”可知，尽管有不同之处，但世界上最健康的饮食都侧重于使用当地的和时令的食物，包括更多的蔬菜和海鲜，以及更少的红肉。由此可推知，世界上最健康的饮食有一定的相似之处，故选C。

2．What is considered as a harmful eating habit in Japanese tradition?

A．Going low in calories.

B．Eating to the fullest.

C．Having much seafood.

D．Picking many foods.

B　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The tradition there is to stop eating when your stomach feels 80 percent full.”可知，日本的传统是吃八成饱。由此可推知，吃得很饱在日本被认为是不良的饮食习惯，故选B。

3．How does the author develop the central idea in the last 4 paragraphs?

A．By building connections.

B．By exploring reasons.

C．By listing examples.

D．By analyzing figures.

C　解析：写作手法题。通读后四段可知，作者列举了这些健康饮食中的食物，故本文后四段是通过举例子的方式来说明中心观点的。

4．Which can be the most suitable title for the text?

A．What Is the Healthiest Diet on Earth?

B．How Does the Old Expression Serve?

C．Why Is a Healthy Diet So Important?

D．Where Can We Feed Ourselves Well?

A　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了世界上四种最健康的饮食。故A项作文章标题最合适。

B

(2020·武汉高三质量监测)The Notre Dame fire has been put out, but its spire(塔尖) and a large portion of its wooden roof have been damaged. The terrible destruction causes a sudden sharp pain to people around the world. On Chinese social media network WeChat a common comment on the disaster is：“What a pity that we cannot see the damaged parts of the wonder anymore.”

But the good news is that there is at least one way of seeing them, namely via a video game called Assassin’s Creed Unity. In this game, the player can travel to one city after another and enter the buildings exactly like what they are in the reality, and see Notre Dame as it was before the fire. Further, with virtual reality technology, which is already quite mature, one can even look around the undamaged Notre Dame as if it were still there. Maybe digital technology could help to better protect architectural cultural heritage.

The idea of digitizing ancient buildings, making digital models of them so their data can be saved, dates back to the 1990s and the necessary technology has continued to advance since then. By scanning the ancient buildings with lasers, building 3D models with multiple images, as well as measuring everything precisely, engineers can make a copy as accurate as the real one.

As computers and smartphones are hugely popular, the digital replica(复制品) has great use value. First, it allows tourists to feel the cultural relics without touching them, which helps protect them. The virtual tour of Dunhuang Grottoes in Gansu Province is a good example of this as tourists can view the paintings without standing near them. Furthermore, it can make the digitized cultural relics more famous by spreading awareness about them via the Internet. In 2000, a virtual tour of the Great Wall became very popular at the Hannover World Expo, which increased the number of foreign tourists visiting the site in the following years. Above all, it preserves all the information of the cultural relics. Even if the original ones are damaged one day, people can still know what they were like and can build replicas if desired.

Of course, however precise a model is, it is not the original. Time is the biggest threat to a country’s architectural heritage, which will always become ruins with the passing of time. Maybe we will have better technologies in the future, but the digital technology offers a practical way to preserve architectural cultural heritage at the moment.

【解题导语】　巴黎圣母院的大火让人们再也无法看到其中被损坏的部分，但是利用数字技术，可以让其原貌重现。人们利用数字化复制品，在不触碰到实物的情况下，可以让文化遗产栩栩如生地展现在眼前，并且数字化复制品可以保存文化遗产的所有信息，对认识和保护文化遗产有着非凡的意义。

5．What can we see about Notre Dame in the game?

A．The damaged parts.　　 B．Its wooden shape.

C．Its original look.   D．The big fire.

C　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“In this game, the player can...see Notre Dame as it was before the fire.”可知，在这个游戏中，我们可以看到火灾前的巴黎圣母院的原貌，故选C项。

6．What will engineers do to create digital replicas of the ancient buildings?

A．Improve the technology needed.

B．Scan the photos of the buildings.

C．Build 3D models of full size.

D．Measure all the parts exactly.

D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“By scanning the ancient buildings with lasers, building 3D models with multiple images, as well as measuring everything precisely, engineers can make a copy as accurate as the real one.”可知，为了制作数字化复制品，工程师需要精确地测量每一部分，故选D项。

7．How does the author prove the digital copy has vital practical importance?

A．By comparison.   B．By giving examples.

C．By classification.   D．By listing data.

B　解析：写作手法题。通读第四段可知，该段列举了敦煌石窟利用数字化复制品让游客在不接触实物的情况下体验文化遗产；列举了利用数字化复制品制作长城虚拟游并在网上推广，让世界上更多的人了解长城，吸引了更多的游客。据此可知，作者使用了“举例”的方法证明了数字化复制品的重要实用性。故选B项。

8．What is the author’s attitude towards the application of digital technology?

A．Doubtful.   B．Neutral.

C．Supportive.   D．Conservative.

C　解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句“Maybe we will have better technologies in the future, but the digital technology offers a practical way to preserve architectural cultural heritage at the moment.”可知，作者认为当下的数字技术为保护建筑文化遗产提供了一个实用的方法。据此可推知，作者支持数字技术的应用，故选C项。

Ⅱ.读后续写

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。

Though it is one of the faded memories of my life today, there are times when I remember his face clearly, especially his eyes. As he had yellow spots on his eyes we called him Spotty. He would have been a stray(流浪的) dog, until he came to me.

I was seven years old. My dad had just got a new job in Nasik. We had moved into a rented house. It was raining very heavily on the day we moved.

It was a cold dark night. We had our meal and went to sleep. Somehow in the midnight I heard some strange sounds outside the main door. I gathered courage and looked out through the window and I was really amused with what I saw outside.

There was a small puppy lying on an old doormat which my mother had put outside the door. It was wet and trembling. At first it was difficult to see the little one. It was the yellow spots on its eyes that made me realize its presence.

It was trying to get under the doormat to avoid the cold air outside and it had managed to get in as I could see only its head outside the doormat. Was it sick or injured?

I felt pity for the poor soul. I went in and came out with an old towel. I went near the innocent one and held it in my hand and wiped the puppy till he became dry. I took him into my room and made a bed for him with a woolen blanket and a small pillow. He seemed very healthy and comfortable in his new bed as he went to sleep immediately.

The next morning, everyone in the family came to know about the unusual guest. “Shall we keep him with us？” I questioned my mom.

Like any other parents would, my parents first totally refused my idea but my sister and I convinced them to keep Spotty.

Slowly Spotty got on with everyone and became one of the family members.

Paragraph 1：

One day, Spotty returned from his daily walk with a broken leg.____________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

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Paragraph 2：

Almost a year later, one midnight we heard Spotty barking breathlessly.______________

________________________________________________________________________

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One possible version：

Paragraph 1：

One day, Spotty returned from his daily walk with a broken leg.I called out my mother and she quickly tied a bandage around his leg and gave him food to eat. I was very upset. But the next day, Spotty was up to his usual games though his leg was injured. After this incident my relation with Spotty became more intense. I really admired him for his courage.

Paragraph 2：

Almost a year later, one midnight we heard Spotty barking breathlessly. We came out and saw that he was barking continuously heading somewhere. After some time Spotty became quiet. The next morning, my heart skipped a beat when I didn’t see Spotty. I searched for him in each and every corner but he was nowhere. I cried and waited for him but there were no signs of him. What would have happened to Spotty? Would he have died? These were the only questions in my mind, but they all remained unanswered forever.