高考英语一轮复习unit 14 careers课时练含答案

课时练1　2篇阅读＋1篇完形＋1篇应用文写作

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2020·北京海淀区名校联考)I started to work as an editor for a travel magazine. I didn’t really mind the work, but I wanted something more challenging. My sister sent me some details for a position in a start­up. The job was a seemingly perfect mix of my skills and interests, so I jumped at it.

However, soon after I joined the company, its model changed to focus on K­12 education, and everything about my position changed. I was asked to take on the completely different roles of selling contents to teachers and training people. I had no experience in sales, training or education. On top of that, I’m an introvert(内向的人)．I felt more a little outside my comfort zone.

I knew I wanted to grow as an individual and make a serious impact on the company. I told myself that everything feels overwhelming at first and I should at least try. In a way, I felt like I didn’t have a choice. I knew jumping out of the nest was the right thing for me, even though it felt pretty awful.

I was fortunate to be surrounded by very helpful people, both at work and at home. My boss never asked if I thought I could do it; she asked if I was interested in trying.

I spent hours researching my company’s products. I asked lots of questions and spoke to so many teachers that there were soon more good experiences than difficult ones. I looked for opportunities to put in extra effort. The more I did, the better I felt.

Over time, I discovered that the job was something I could do and liked doing. It was incredibly rewarding to see the company grow. I also learned it’s important to take risks and accept new opportunities, even when you’re not sure if you’ll do well. I don’t think there’s anything worse than failing to try. I’m so glad I tried, and it surely paid off.

【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。“我”曾经是某旅游杂志的编辑，但“我”需要更具有挑战性的工作，所以“我”听从了姐姐的建议跳槽到了一家新公司。可是不久，这家公司的模式改变，内向的“我”被安排到了营销岗位。在老板的鼓励下，“我”不断尝试，努力工作，终于取得了良好的业绩。

1．Why did the author want to change her job?

A．She intended to challenge something new.

B．She was paid too little at her old job.

C．She followed her sister’s advice.

D．She got bored of her old boss.

A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句“I started to work as an editor for a travel magazine. I didn’t really mind the work, but I wanted something more challenging.”可知，“我”曾是某旅游杂志的编辑，虽然“我”并不介意这项工作，但“我”想要更有挑战性的工作；据此可知，作者想要挑战新事物。故A项正确。

2．How did the author feel after she entered the new company?

A．Excited.　　　　　　　　 B．Curious.

C．Stressed.   D．Comfortable.

C　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后三句“I had no experience in sales, training or education. On top of that, I’m an introvert(内向的人)．I felt more a little outside my comfort zone.”可知，“我”没有销售、培训或教育方面的经验，除此之外，“我”还是一个内向的人，“我”觉得有点不自在；据此可推知，作者一开始感到有压力，故C项正确。

3．The author could finally handle her job mainly because ________．

A．people around her helped her solve the challenge

B．she was hardworking and made a lot of effort

C．she knew she would do well

D．her boss trusted her to try

B　解析：推理判断题。根据第五段的内容可知，“我”花时间研究公司的产品，向有经验的老师请教，并寻找机会努力工作；据此可推知，作者能驾驭工作的主要原因是她工作勤奋，付出了很多努力，故B项正确。

4．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text?

A．To tell readers that failure is the mother of success.

B．To warn about the risks and challenges when changing jobs.

C．To expose risks and challenges in a small and newly founded company.

D．To encourage readers to take on challenges and turn risks into opportunities.

D　解析：写作意图题。通读全文可知，“我”曾经是某旅游杂志的编辑，但“我”需要更具有挑战性的工作，所以“我”听从了姐姐的建议跳槽到了一家新公司；可是不久，这家公司的模式改变，内向的“我”被安排到营销岗位；在老板的鼓励下，“我”不断尝试，努力工作，终于取得了良好的业绩。“我”明白了要勇于尝试、承担风险、接受挑战的道理。据此可推知，本文旨在鼓励读者接受挑战，将风险转变为机会，故D项正确。

B

(2020·商丘高三模拟)A new study shows that rising levels of planet­warming gases may reduce important nutrients(营养物) in food crops.

Researchers studied the effects of carbon dioxide on rice. In the experiment, scientists grew 18 kinds of rice in fields in China and Japan. They set carbon dioxide levels to what scientists are predicting for our planet by the end of the century. Rice grown under high carbon dioxide conditions had, on average, 13 to 30 percent lower levels of four B vitamins and 10 percent less protein(蛋白质). The crops also had 8 percent less iron and 5 percent less zinc than rice grown under normal conditions. However, vitamin E levels increased by about 13 percent on average.

The researchers said the effects of planet­warming gases would be most severe for the poorest citizens in some of the least developed countries. These people generally eat the most rice and have the least complex diets. That includes about 600 million people in Indonesia, Cambodia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Laos and other nations, mainly in Southeast Asia.

Other studies have shown that higher temperatures from climate change and weather extremes will reduce food production. And scientists are finding that rising levels of carbon dioxide and other planet­warming gases threaten food quality.

Earlier studies showed that wheat, rice, field peas and soybeans grown under high carbon dioxide conditions all had lower levels of protein and minerals. Scientists predicted that almost 150 million people might be at risk of having too little protein or zinc in their diet by 2050.

The new study suggests a way to lower the nutritional harm of climate change. That is to grow different forms of rice that can adapt to higher carbon dioxide levels.

【解题导语】　本文介绍了温室气体减少了粮食作物中的营养物质以及降低气候变化对营养物的损害的方法。

5．Growing rice under high carbon dioxide conditions may ________．

A．increase iron in the rice

B．make it less nutritious

C．cause losses of vitamin E

D．make it more delicious

B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Rice grown under high carbon dioxide conditions had, on average, 13 to 30 percent lower levels...less protein(蛋白质)．”可知， B项为正确答案。A、C、D三项的表述均与原文表述不符。

6．How can people reduce the nutritional harm of climate change?

A．By importing rice from China and Japan.

B．By taking other kinds of food instead of rice.

C．By avoiding eating rice from Southeast Asia.

D．By growing rice suitable for the environment.

D　解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“That is to grow different forms of rice that can adapt to higher carbon dioxide levels.”可知，应该种植不同种类的可以适应高含量二氧化碳的水稻，故D项为正确答案。

7．What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text?

A．To inform readers what nutrients food crops contain.

B．To call on people to care for the planet they live on.

C．To share the results of some studies on people’s diets.

D．To tell readers where food crops are mainly produced.

B　解析：写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文通过介绍温室气体增加对粮食作物的影响来唤起人们对人类赖以生存的地球家园的保护。故B项为正确答案。

8．In which part of a magazine can you read the text?

A．Advertisements.   B．Art and culture.

C．Science reports.   D．Business news.

C　解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据文中的“study” “Researchers” “studies”等可推知，本文是一篇研究报告，在杂志的科学报道部分能读到本文。

Ⅱ.完形填空

(2020·山西八校联考)Heroes come in different shapes and sizes. Some are born to give others a __1__. Then there are the people who __2__ happen to be in the right place at the right time. That was the __3__ for John Underwood.

On a cold evening, a storm __4__ near his home. Underwood was heading over to help his sister when the roads were __5__. He saw some other drivers get stuck, so he got out of his truck to help. “My __6__ is that if I have the ability to do good, then I should do it. There should be no __7__，” he said.

Underwood wasn’t out of his __8__ long before he heard a cry. “Someone was __9__， ‘My parents, my parents！’” Moments later, a 12­year­old boy ran up to Underwood, saying his parents were __10__ and asked for help.

The Hammonds went to get things from the basement when the walls __11__ to bear the weight of rain and fell down, and they couldn’t __12__. Worse still, the water was rising fast. __13__ was of extreme significance, so Underwood took action at once. Any inappropriate action could add more dangers. Luckily, Underwood had __14__ as a contractor(承包商). “Digging a hole in the living room floor, I knew it’s a __15__ way，” he said.

With physical strength, patience, and a lot of __16__， Underwood saved their lives. He said he did what anyone would do, but that’s not necessarily true. It’s __17__ to put yourself in a dangerous way to rescue another. That’s why the American Red Cross __18__ him. Ann Otto, who was in charge of the 23rd Annual Acts of Courage Awards, said the Awards should __19__ heroes like Underwood who have acted __20__ and selflessly in a time of emergency.

【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，文中讲述了暴风雨降临时约翰·安德伍德营救遭遇险境的哈蒙德夫妇的故事。

1．A.lesson   B．direction

C．hope   D．hand

D　解析：根据下文中多次出现的help及文章第一句“Heroes come in different shapes and sizes.”可知，作者认为有人天生乐于助人，所以用hand。give sb. a hand “帮助某人”为固定搭配。

2．A.also   B．just

C．often   D．even

B　解析：有人只是(just)恰好在恰当的时间出现在恰当的地点。

3．A.role   B．concern

C．case   D．behavior

C　解析：结合下文安德伍德帮助被困夫妇的事件可知，此处意为约翰·安德伍德就是这样的例子。case“事例，实例”。

4．A.broke   B．disappeared

C．returned   D．changed

A　解析：结合上文内容可知，此处指暴风雨在他家附近降临(broke)了。

5．A.cleared   B．completed

C．repaired   D．flooded

D　解析：安德伍德正在去帮助他的妹妹的路上，这时道路被洪水淹没了。下文中的“the water was rising fast”是提示。clear“清除，疏通”；complete“完成，结束”；repair“修理，修补”；flood“为水所淹，被淹没”。

6．A.duty   B．fact

C．belief   D．advice

C　解析：“如果我有能力去做好事，我就应该去做”，这是安德伍德的信念(belief)。

7．A.arrangement   B．wonder

C．excuse   D．problem

C　解析：安德伍德认为做好事不应该有任何借口。excuse“借口，理由，辩解”。

8．A.power   B．sense

C．house   D．vehicle

D　解析：根据上文中的“He saw some other drivers get stuck, so he got out of his truck to help.”可知，此处vehicle符合语境。

9．A.screaming   B．working

C．helping   D．talking

A　解析：此处指有人高声喊(screaming)：“我的父母！我的父母！”

10．A.ignored   B．trapped

C．injured   D．missed

B　解析：根据下文的“when the walls...fell down”可知，一个12岁的男孩跑向安德伍德，说他的父母被困住了。trap“困住，使陷于危险中”。

11．A.managed   B．failed

C．tried   D．struggled

B　解析：哈蒙德夫妇去地下室拿东西，墙壁不能(failed)承受雨水的重量并倒塌了，两人无法脱身(escape)。

12．A.speak   B．reunite

C．escape   D．survive

C　解析：参见上题解析。

13．A.Time   B．Relief

C．Success   D．Action

A　解析：根据上文中的“the water was rising fast”和“so Underwood took action at once”可知，时间(Time)至关重要，于是他立即行动起来。

14．A.attitude   B．potential

C．confidence   D．experience

D　解析：在这种情况下，任何不当的操作都会增加更多的危险。幸运的是，安德伍德有做一名承包商的经验(experience)。

15．A.difficult   B．safe

C．creative   D．quick

B　解析：安德伍德认为在客厅地板上挖一个洞是一个安全的(safe)方法。此处safe与前面的dangers形成对比。

16．A.bravery   B．encouragement

C．anxiety   D．responsibility

A　解析：根据下文中的“Underwood saved their lives”和“Ann Otto, who was in charge of the 23rd Annual Acts of Courage Awards...Underwood”可知，安德伍德因勇敢的行为获奖。他凭借体力，耐心和勇气救了哈蒙德夫妇。bravery“勇敢，勇气”；encouragement“鼓舞，鼓励”；anxiety“焦虑，忧虑”；responsibility“责任，负责”。

17．A.impossible   B．reasonable

C．hard   D．special

C　解析：根据空前的“He said he did what anyone would do, but that’s not necessarily true.”可知，要把自己置于危险的境地去救别人是很难(hard)做到的。

18．A.invited   B．honored

C．interviewed   D．helped

B　解析：这是美国红十字会把奖项授予他的原因。honor“给……荣誉，表彰”符合语境。

19．A.go to   B．come to

C．turn to   D．pass to

A　解析：这个奖应该颁给(go to)像安德伍德那样在紧急情况下表现得英勇(courageously)无私的英雄们。

20．A.fortunately   B．immediately

C．actively   D．courageously

D　解析：参见上题解析。

Ⅲ.应用文写作

假定你是李华，你的交换生朋友David对风筝很感兴趣，正好你市这周日要举办风筝节，请你写信邀请他一同参加。内容包括：

1．时间和地点；

2．活动内容；

3．表示期待。

注意：

1．词数80左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear David，

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Yours，

Li Hua

One possible version：

Dear__David，

A kite festival is to be held at the Center Square in our city this Sunday. Knowing you are interested in kites, I sincerely invite you to attend it with me together.

During the festival, an exhibition of kites from both home and abroad will be staged, in which we will see various shapes of kites, such as the dragon kite, fairy kite and golden fish kite. In addition, we can enjoy a kite­flying performance by thousands of people.

You are sure to have a good time there. Look forward to your coming!

Yours，

Li__Hua

课时练2　2篇阅读＋1篇七选五＋

1篇语法填空

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2020·合肥高三联考)

2019 Academy Award for

Best Picture Nominations(提名)

Black Panther

Type: Adventure

Running Time: 134 min.

Release Date: February 16, 2018(the United States)

Current rank: ★★★★

Director: Ryan Coogler

Actors: Chadwick Boseman, Michael B. Jordan

With his father having died in Captain America: Civil War, T’Challa is the new ruler of the advanced kingdom of Wakanda. As the king, whenever a challenger for the crown announces his intentions, he must give up his powers and take them on in a physical challenge.

The Favourite

Type: Drama

Running Time: 120 min.

Release Date：November 23, 2018 (the United States)

Current rank: ★★★

Director: Yorgos Lanthimos

Actors: Emma Stone, Rachel Weisz

In the early 18th century, with Britain and France at war, a fragile Queen Anne occupies the throne as her close friend Lady Sarah Churchill governs the country in her stead, while tending to Anne’s ill health and changeable temper.

Green Book

Type: Drama

Running Time: 130 min.

Release Date: November 16, 2018(the United States)

Current rank: ★★★★★

Director: Peter Farrelly

Actors: Viggo Mortensen, Mahershala Ali

Tony Lip, an uneducated Italian­American who’s known for using his fists to get his way, is hired to drive world­class, famous pianist Don Shirley on a concert tour from Midwest to the Deep South. They must rely on The Negro Motorist Green Book to guide them to the few settlements that were then safe for blacks.

A Star Is Born

Type: Musical

Running Time: 135 min.

Release Date: October 5, 2018(the United States)

Current rank: ★★★★

Director: Bradley Cooper

Actors: Bradley Cooper, Lady Gaga

When country music star Jackson Maine stops at a bar for a drink after a concert, he’s both entertained and attracted by young nightclub singer Ally. He discovers that she writes songs as well as being a talented singer, but hasn’t had a break because of her look.

【解题导语】　本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四部获得2019年度奥斯卡最佳影片奖提名的电影。

1．Which film is the least popular among audience?

A．Black Panther.   B．The Favourite.

C．Green Book.   D．A Star Is Born.

B　解析：细节理解题。根据各部电影介绍中的“Current rank”可知，The Favourite的星级最少。故选B。

2．The film about the rights of black people belongs to ________.

A．adventure   B．musical

C．drama   D．comedy

C　解析：细节理解题。根据Green Book部分最后一句中的“that were then safe for blacks”以及“Type: Drama”可知，C项正确。

3．Who works as a director and actor?

A．Ryan Coogler.   B．Yorgos Lanthimos.

C．Peter Farrelly.   D．Bradley Cooper.

D　解析：细节理解题。根据A Star Is Born部分的内容可知，既是导演又是演员的是Bradley Cooper。

B

(2020·昆明诊断测试)Artificial intelligence(AI) technology may soon be a useful tool for doctors. It may help them better understand and treat diseases like liver cancer in ways that were never before possible.

Rishi Rawat, who teaches AI at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, is part of a team of scientists researching how AI and machine learning can more easily recognize cancerous growths in the liver. Rawat provides information about cancer cells to a computer. He says, “You can put the data into them and they will learn the patterns and the pattern recognition that’s important for making decisions.”

David Agus is another researcher. He believes that machines are not going to take the place of doctors. “Computers will not treat patients, but they will help make certain decisions and look for things that the human brain can’t recognize by itself.”

Once a confirmed cancerous growth is removed, doctors still have to treat the patient to reduce the risk of cancer returning. The form of treatment depends on the kind of cancer. Nowadays, researchers take a thin piece of tissue(组织), put it on a small piece of glass and add color to see the cells better. That process could take days or even longer. Scientists say artificial intelligence can do something better than just count cells. Through machine learning, it can recognize complex patterns or structures, and learn how the cells are organized.

The hope is that machines will soon be able to make a quick identification of cancer that is free of human mistakes. Agus says the process could be done for almost no cost in the developing world and that having a large amount of information about patients is important for a machine to effectively do its job in medicine.

The researchers of the university are now only studying liver cancer. But doctors predict artificial intelligence will one day make a difference in all forms of cancer.

【解题导语】　人工智能有望很快作为一种有用的工具帮助医生更好地诊断和治疗癌症。

4．What can AI do with the help of the information provided by the researchers?

A．Recognize cancer patterns.   B．Treat liver cancer.

C．Collect useful information.   D．Store cancerous cells.

A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He says, ‘You can put the data into them and they will learn the patterns...making decisions.’”可知，人工智能可以根据对其输入的数据来学习该模式，并进行癌症模式的识别。

5．What can we learn about AI?

A．It will be able to replace doctors.

B．Patients are unlikely to be cancerous again with its help.

C．It is making a difference in taking care of patients.

D．It can recognize cancer more accurately.

D　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Through machine learning...are organized.”可知，人工智能可以识别复杂的模式或结构，同时了解细胞是如何组成的。由此可推知，人工智能可以更精确地识别癌症。

6．What’s the author’s attitude towards the future of AI?

A．Optimistic.   B．Doubtful.

C．Curious.   D．Cold.

A　解析：观点态度题。根据文章最后两段的内容可知，人工智能将能够快速识别癌症，并且应用到治疗各种癌症之中。由此可推知，作者对人工智能的未来持乐观的态度。

7．What is the best title for the text?

A．AI Is Used to Treat Cancers

B．AI May Compete with Doctors

C．AI May Make Doctors Better

D．AI Is Better at Curing Cancers

C　解析：标题归纳题。根据对文章的整体理解可推知，人工智能有望很快作为一种有用的工具帮助医生更好地诊断和治疗癌症。

Ⅱ.七选五

(2020·新疆维吾尔自治区适应性检测)You’re no doubt heard “less is more” over and over again. Less is better because it is good for your bank account and your waistline(腰围). But in some areas of our lives, we can benefit from “more” instead of “less”. 1.________

Give more.

If you see something beautiful in someone, say it. Why are you holding back a compliment, a kind word of encouragement or support or some well­deserved praise? Giving is a gift to the giver and receiver. 2.________ Once you start doing this, people will only want you around more.

Support others more.

Speaking of encouragement, who could use your support right now? 3.________ Someone who is struggling? Reach out! You’ll be glad you did.

4．________

When we push back against things we don’t want(“I can’t believe Catherine copied my clothes again！”), our resistance still holds us close to the thing that hurts us. When we are more accepting of life’s ups and downs, we find peace.

Find more role models.

Who do you want to be like? Find role models who inspire you. Read about them. Buy their books. Dive into online interviews. 5.________

A life of richness can be defined in a million ways. And guess what? It’s waiting for you to live it—as soon as you open yourself up.

A．Accept more.

B．Get mental peace.

C．Do it every single day.

D．A friend who is going through a loss or a big change?

E．Here is how “more” can be a good thing in your life.

F．Let their success be an example of what’s possible for you, too.

G．Maybe someone who is always the support of you when you are in trouble?

【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。在我们生活中的一些方面，我们能从“更多”而不是“更少”中受益。

1．E　解析：空处承上启下，空前一句是说在我们生活中的一些方面，我们能从“更多”而不是“更少”中受益，并结合下文列举的例子可知，E项衔接上下文，符合语境，故选E。

2．C　解析：空后一句是说一旦你开始这样做，人们就会想让你更多地陪伴在身边，C项“每天都这样做”符合语境，故选C。

3．D　解析：空前一句是说谈到鼓励，谁可能现在需要你的支持？并结合空后一句可知，D项“一个正经历损失或重大改变的朋友？”符合语境，故选D。

4．A　解析：根据空处所在位置和文章结构可知，空处为段落小标题，该段主要讲的是在生活中我们要接受更多，故选A。

5．F　解析：本段主要讲找到更多的榜样，空前几句是说读有关他们的故事，买关于他们的书，看网上的采访，F项“让他们的成功成为你也可能成功的榜样”符合语境，故选F。

Ⅲ.语法填空

(2020·郑州摸底测试) Today I spent time talking to an old friend about some of the 1.____________(choose) that we have made in our lives. We both agree that life has 2.____________(actual) been good to us. And we are very 3.____________(thank) for what we have been blessed with.

Today I would like you to think about your journey and where you see yourself in 4.____________ next five years. Do you see that you have become exactly who you set out to be? I work on my goals because I am excited about that opportunity.

However, I do realize that sometimes life can get 5.____________ the way of our goals. I remember when my friend 6.____________(decide) to buy her first home, she was ready and had everything 7.____________(prepare). But during that time her father died and she had to move home 8.____________(help) take care of her mother. Her goal was delayed, 9.____________ she didn’t give it up completely. And that’s exactly the key to this all. In order to achieve your goals, you have to keep working on 10.____________．

【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了如何坚持目标并将之实现。

1．choices　解析：考查词性转换。由空前的定冠词the可知，此处应用名词形式，且与some呼应可知，此处应用名词的复数形式，故填choices。

2．actually　解析：考查副词。此处在句中作状语，故用副词形式。

3．thankful　解析：考查形容词。根据空前的are可知，空处应用形容词作表语，故填thankful。

4．the　解析：考查冠词。in the next five years“在未来五年里”，为固定用法，故用定冠词the。

5．in　解析：考查介词。get in the way of sth.意为“阻止某事发生”，为固定短语，故用介词in。

6．decided　解析：考查动词的时态。与下文的was呼应可知，此处描述的事情发生在过去，故用一般过去时，故填decided。

7．prepared　解析：考查非谓语动词。“have＋宾语＋宾补”为固定用法，且everything与prepare之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语，表示“完成或解决某事”，故填prepared。

8．to help　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用不定式表示目的，故填to help。

9．but　解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，空处前后句表示逻辑上的转折关系，故用连词but。

10．them　解析：考查代词。与上文中的goals呼应可知，此处用代词them作宾语。