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北师大版高中英语必修第三册unit9 learning 单元测评作业探究含答案
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这是一份北师大版高中英语必修第三册unit9 learning 单元测评作业探究含答案，共19页。
第九单元测评
(时间:120分钟 满分:150分)
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
W:Hurry up,or we will be late for the meeting.
M:Don’t worry.It’s 8:45.The meeting won’t start until 9:00.
1.When will the meeting start?
A.At 8:15.
B.At 8:45.
C.At 9:00.
答案C
M:It must be over 100 degrees outside today!I can’t take it anymore.We’ve got to go somewhere that’s cooler.
W:We could go to the shopping mall.
M:No,let’s go to the movies instead.
2.Where does the woman suggest going?
A.To the movies.
B.To the bookstore.
C.To the shopping mall.
答案C
M:How much time do you need to get ready?We’re running late.
W:About 20 more minutes.
M:Well,try to get done with everything faster.I don’t want my dad to stand there waiting for us.
3.Who are the speakers going to see?
A.The woman’s father.
B.The man’s uncle.
C.The man’s father.
答案C
W:How shall I take this medicine?
M:Three times a day.I’m sure you’ll be all right soon.
W:Thanks a lot.
4.Where can the woman be?
A.At the library.
B.At the doctor’s.
C.At a bookshop.
答案B
W:I’m busy,dear.What do you need this time?
M:I can’t find my pencils.
W:I put them in your bag this morning.
5.What does the man want to find?
A.His pencils.
B.His books.
C.His bag.
答案A
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
M:So,Emily,you’re ready for the trip,right?
W:Yes,I am.
M:But you seem to be a little bit nervous.
W:Yes.I am a little nervous,but I think it’ll be a great experience.And hopefully my English will improve a lot.
M:Oh,I’m sure it will.My English improved a lot when I went to Australia last year.England is a great place to visit,and you’ll be in London,right?
W:That’s right.
M:Well,take care of yourself and have a good trip.
W:Thanks.I’m sure I will.
6.How does the woman feel?
A.A little sad.
B.A little nervous.
C.A little disappointed.
答案B
7.Where is the woman going?
A.England.
B.America.
C.Australia.
答案A
听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。
M:Good morning!What’s the matter?
W:Good morning,doctor!I’m not feeling well.I have a fever.
M:How long have you been like this?
W:For two days.
M:Oh,that’s terrible.You should take this medicine four times a day and drink lots of water.
W:Thank you,doctor.
M:It’s a pleasure.I hope you’ll feel better soon.
8.What’s wrong with the woman?
A.She has a fever.
B.She has a headache.
C.She has a cough.
答案A
9.How many times should the woman take the medicine a day?
A.Twice.
B.Three times.
C.Four times.
答案C
听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。
M:I’ll be at a lunch meeting for the next hour and a half.Will you please tell anyone who calls that I will call them back later this afternoon?And if anyone comes to the office,just have them wait until I come back.
W:Yes,Mr.Roberts.What if they are there waiting for a long time?Should I offer them anything?
M:You can show them the new video we made for the company.
W:OK.I will do that,Mr.Roberts.I’ll take care of everything while you’re out.
10.Where is the man going?
A.To a video store.
B.To another company.
C.To a lunch meeting.
答案C
11.When will the man call people back?
A.During lunch.
B.In the afternoon.
C.Tomorrow.
答案B
12.What might be the relationship between the speakers?
A.Husband and wife.
B.Boss and secretary.
C.Teacher and student.
答案B
听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。
M:Amy,what’s your favourite sport?
W:Er,it’s hard to say.I loved swimming when I was in primary school.But I like running best at the moment.
M:You run very fast,don’t you?
W:Yes,but not the fastest in my class.Lily runs much faster than me.
M:Really?
W:Yes.Lily runs the fastest of all.What about you,Mike?What do you like?
M:You like running,but I like jumping,both the high jump and the long jump.
W:Did you take part in the sports meet last year?
M:Yes.I took part in both the high jump and the long jump,and I won first prize in the long jump last year.
W:You are also going to take part in the long jump this year,right?
M:Yes,and I’ll try to make a better record.
W:Good luck!
13.What is the woman interested in now?
A.Running.
B.Jumping.
C.Swimming.
答案A
14.Who runs the fastest?
A.Amy.
B.Lily.
C.Mike.
答案B
15.What is true about Lily?
A.She swims fast.
B.She will take part in the long jump.
C.She is in the same class with Amy.
答案C
16.When did the man win first prize in the long jump?
A.Last week.
B.Last month.
C.Last year.
答案C
听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。
W:Welcome to listen to FM 86.7.Here are the coming programmes.At 5:20 p.m.,in the programme TalkFace-to-Face,you will hear stories about work and life from different people.The programme BeijingNews will tell you the latest news in Beijing at 6:00 p.m.And don’t forget to listen to SportsNews at 6:40 p.m.At 7:40 p.m. comes the most popular programme TellMeYourProblems.The hostess will talk about your problems with you and tell you her ideas.I’m sure you will find your way out with her help.Do you have any money problems?Listen to our programme Money at 9:00 p.m.,and our host will tell you ways of making and saving money.If you don’t go to bed early,you can listen to TheTalkShow at 10:30 p.m.Some famous stars will be our guests and share their experiences with us in this programme.So let’s enjoy the programmes tonight!
17.What kind of stories can be heard in the programme TalkFace-to-Face?
A.Stories about different countries.
B.Stories about people’s work and life.
C.Stories about making money.
答案B
18.When is the programme SportsNews?
A.At 6:00 p.m.
B.At 6:40 p.m.
C.At 7:40 p.m.
答案B
19.Which programme is the most popular?
A.TalkFace-to-Face.
B.BeijingNews.
C.TellMeYourProblems.
答案C
20.Who will come to TheTalkShow?
A.Some stars.
B.Famous writers.
C.Some children.
答案A
第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Five years ago,I was sent to a better middle school.For me,everything there was new and strange.After I had been there for two months,there was an important test in the middle of the term.It covered all my courses.In that test,I didn’t get a good grade,but most of my classmates got an A.
It made me upset for a long time.I felt everything in the world was changing.I thought my classmates were all better than me.During those days I was very unhappy.
One day,my aunt,after talking with my teachers,talked to me.She told me to think about what I had done in the past and what I should do in the future.I was shocked by her words.I thought about what I had done during the past months,and I found I had done nothing to improve my grades.I thought I should work harder.
After that,I paid more attention to the teachers’ talking in the classes,and I asked my teachers or my classmates when I didn’t understand something.I studied very late at night when I met with difficult problems.Most of all,I came to understand the importance of taking notes in class.As a result,I did better in some tests.
About three months later,the most important test came at the end of the term.This time,I stood out not only in my class but also in the grade.From then on,I have tried to do my best when I do something because I know if I want something,I should work hard for it.
【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。五年前作者刚转入一所学校,一开始成绩不理想。后来在姑姑的帮助下找到了问题所在,成绩有了很大的提高。
21.Whatdidthewriter’sauntdotohelphimout?
A.Shepunishedhimfornotworkinghard.
B.Shehelpedhimfindoutthereasonsforhispoorperformance.
C.Sheforcedhimtoworkharder.
D.Sheaskedhisteacherstotalkwithhimabouthisproblems.
答案B
解析根据第三段中的“ShetoldmetothinkaboutwhatIhaddoneinthepastandwhatIshoulddointhefuture.”可知作者的姑姑让作者思考自己考试不利的原因。故选B项。
22.Which of the following studying methods helped the writer most?
A.Asking teachers for help when in difficulty.
B.Working deep into the night every day.
C.Making notes in class.
D.Listening to every word his teachers said.
答案C
解析根据倒数第二段中的“Mostofall,Icametounderstandtheimportanceoftakingnotesinclass.”可知选C项。
23.What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
A.The writer failed again in the exam.
B.The writer did very well in the exam.
C.The writer became the cleverest in the class.
D.The writer was very proud of his progress.
答案B
解析画线句子的意思是:这次我不仅在我的班级而且在整个年级也很突出,也就是说作者考得很好。故选B项。
B
It is true that people with better education are usually able to get better paying jobs.In other words,they have more chances to choose a good job while people with little or no education don’t.It seems that the purpose of education is to make people get jobs.But this isn’t accepted by all people.
Some people may think that a person should spend the best years of his life to get education only for a way of living.This was probably one of the earliest reasons of education.In fact,if education is just a way of making a living,people don’t need to spend so much time in school.People can get education for a living in a short time.Subjects like history and geography need not be taught to everyone.Even languages and mathematics need not be taught in detail,either.Here it is clear that education is much more than teaching a man to get a way of living.
Education is well-rounded and it is mainly for improving a man.It is not only to teach him to speak,read and write,but also to develop his creative thinking and other abilities.After that,it is to make him a wise man and thankfully enjoy the achievements of humans.Education is to make a man lead a better life.Educated people are expected to be able to listen to good music,read good books,watch plays,and most of all,take an interest in the world.
I would agree that making a good living is an important reason for education,but certainly not the most important or the main reason.
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要阐述了教育的意义。教育能提升人的品位,对于工作和生活都很重要。
24.Peoplewithlittleeducationusually .
A.spendalongtimeinschool
B.haveagoodchancetogetajob
C.spendthebestyearstochoosejobs
D.havefewerchancestogetagoodjob
答案D
解析根据第一段中的“Inotherwords,theyhavemorechancestochooseagoodjobwhilepeoplewithlittleornoeducationdon’t.”可知接受教育很少的人,获得好工作的机会很少。故选D项。
25.The earliest education was probably to .
A.make a man lead a better life
B.teach a man to write and think
C.make people get a way of living
D.teach people to read good books
答案C
解析根据第二段中的“Somepeoplemaythinkthatapersonshouldspendthebestyearsofhislifetogeteducationonlyforawayofliving.Thiswasprobablyoneoftheearliestreasonsofeducation.”可知最早的教育可能是为了让人们获得一种谋生的方式。
26.It is expected that educated people will be able to .
A.accept education as a way of living
B.take an interest in the whole world
C.develop their abilities to make plays
D.learn subjects like languages and maths
答案B
解析根据第三段中的“Educatedpeopleareexpectedtobeabletolistentogoodmusic,readgoodbooks,watchplays,andmostofall,takeaninterestintheworld.”可知选B项。
27.The passage mainly tells us that .
A.education should make a man improve
B.people can get education in a short time
C.people should be able to get better paying jobs
D.all subjects are so important for a way of living
答案A
解析根据短文内容尤其是第三段描述可知,教育有助于一个人提高自身水平。故选A项。
C
Samuel Osmond is a 19-year-old law student from Cornwall,England.He never studied the piano.However,he can play very difficult musical pieces by musicians such as Chopin and Beethoven just a few minutes after he hears them.He learns a piece of music by listening to it in parts.Then he thinks about the notes in his head.Two years ago,he played his first piece MoonlightSonata(奏鸣曲) by Beethoven.He surprised everyone around him.
Amazed that he remembered this long and difficult piece of music and played it perfectly,his teachers say Samuel is unbelievable.They say his ability is very rare,but Samuel doesn’t even realise that what he can do is special.Samuel wanted to become a lawyer as it was the wish of his parents,but music teachers told him he should study music instead.Now,he studies law and music.
Samuel can’t understand why everyone is so surprised.“I grew up with music.My mother played the piano and my father played the guitar.About two years ago,I suddenly decided to start playing the piano,without being able to read music and without having any lessons.It comes easily to me—I hear the notes and can bear them in mind—each and every note,” says Samuel.
Recently,Samuel performed a piece during a special event at his college.The piece had more than a thousand notes.The audience was impressed by his amazing performance.He is now learning a piece that is so difficult that many professional pianists can’t play it.Samuel says confidently,“It’s all about super memory—I guess I have that gift.”
However,Samuel’s ability to remember things doesn’t stop with music.His family say that even when he was a young boy,Samuel heard someone read a story,and then he could retell the story word for word.
Samuel is still only a teenager.He doesn’t know what he wants to do in the future.For now,he is just happy to play beautiful music and continue his studies.
【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。19岁的法律系学生SamuelOsmond是一个音乐天才。以前他从来没有学过音乐,但是他可以弹钢琴,并且经常弹奏名家名曲,人们对此很吃惊。是什么造就了这一传奇?赶快来阅读一下吧。
28.WhatisspecialaboutSamuelOsmond?
A.Hehasagiftforwritingmusic.
B.Hecanwritedownthenoteshehears.
C.Heisatopstudentatthelawschool.
D.Hecanplaythemusicalpiecehehears.
答案D
解析由第一段中的“However,hecanplayverydifficultmusicalpiecesbymusicianssuchasChopinandBeethovenjustafewminutesafterhehearsthem.”可知,他的特别之处在于他听了曲子之后就能演奏出来,故选D项。文章没有说他有创作音乐的天赋,也没有说他能写下他听到的音符,更没有提到他是法学院的优等生,因此可以排除其他选项。
29.What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A.Samuel chose law against the wish of his parents.
B.Samuel planned to be a lawyer rather than a musician.
C.Samuel thinks of himself as a man of great musical ability.
D.Samuel studies law and music on the advice of his teachers.
答案B
解析由“Samuelwantedtobecomealawyerasitwasthewishofhisparents...”可知,他想成为一名律师,而不是一名音乐家,故选B项,同时可排除A项;由“...butmusicteacherstoldhimheshouldstudymusicinstead.”可知,音乐老师想让他放弃法律专业,学习音乐,因此排除D项;由“...butSamueldoesn’tevenrealisethatwhathecandoisspecial.”可知,他并不认为自己是音乐天才,因此排除C项。
30.What can we infer about Samuel from Paragraph 4?
A.He became famous during a special event at his college.
B.He is proud of his ability to remember things accurately.
C.He plays the piano better than many professional pianists.
D.He impressed the audience by playing all the musical pieces.
答案B
解析由第四段中的“Samuelsaysconfidently,‘It’sallaboutsupermemory—IguessIhavethatgift.’”可知,他对自己非凡的记忆力感到骄傲,故选B项。文章说到人们对他的记忆力留下深刻印象,但是不能说他一举成名,因此排除A项。
31.Which of the following is the best title of this passage?
A.The Qualities of a Musician
B.The Story of a Musical Talent
C.The Importance of Early Education
D.The Relationship between Memory and Music
答案B
解析全文介绍了一个只靠记忆就能演奏非常复杂的名曲的音乐天才。C项有一定的干扰性,Samuel早年受过音乐的熏陶,但是文章的重点不是讲述早期教育的重要性,因此可以排除。
D
Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water.He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away.He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son.A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins with“Twinkle,twinkle,little star” or remember the story of “Cinderella” or “Goldilocks and the Three Bears”.
One explanation is the law of overlearning,which can be stated as follows:Once we have learned something,additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.
In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming,bicycle riding,and playing baseball long after we have learned them.We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle,twinkle,little star” and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks.We not only learn but overlearn.
The multiplication tables (乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school,because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.
The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an examination,though it may result in a passing grade,is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course.By cramming,a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination,but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.A little overlearning,on the other hand,is really necessary for one’s future development.
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章向我们介绍了什么是过度学习法则,以及过度学习与突击学习的对比及不同效果等。
32.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?
A.Peoplerememberwellwhattheylearnedinchildhood.
B.Childrenhaveabettermemorythangrown-ups.
C.Poemreadingisagoodwaytolearnwords.
D.Storiesforchildrenareeasytoremember.
答案A
解析第一段的第一句就是该段的主题句。成年人常常感到很吃惊,小时候记住的东西,以后从来没有练习过却能记得非常好。故选A项。
33.The author explains the law of overlearning by .
A.presenting research findings
B.setting down general rules
C.making a comparison
D.using examples
答案D
解析文章用了很多的例子来支持所陈述的观点。比如第一段在陈述了观点之后便列举了游泳、骑自行车、接球和击球、记住诗歌和童话故事等多个例子。
34.According to the author,being able to use multiplication tables is .
A.a result of overlearning
B.a special case of cramming
C.a skill to deal with maths problems
D.a basic step towards advanced studies
答案A
解析根据倒数第二段中的“becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood”可知,能够使用乘法口诀表也是过度学习的结果。
35.What is the author’s opinion on cramming?
A.It leads to failure in college exams.
B.It’s helpful only in a limited way.
C.It’s possible to result in poor memory.
D.It increases students’ learning interest.
答案B
解析作者在文章最后一段提到了cramming(突击学习),表达了对突击学习应付考试的看法。突击学习可以使学生能够应付考试但却不足以应付大学课程的学习,因为容易忘记,即它的作用是有限的。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Every animal sleeps,but the reason for this has remained foggy.When lab rats are not allowed to sleep,they die within a month. 36
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 37 We know that,while awake,fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells,but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons (神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight,making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 38
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 39 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 percent smaller than those taken before sleep,showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.
If Tononi’s theory is right,it would explain why,when we miss a night’s sleep,we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information—our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner.The team discovered that some synapses seemed to be protected and stayed the same size. 40 “You keep what matters,”Tononi says.
A.We should also try to sleep well the night before.
B.It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.
C.Similarly,when people go for a few days without sleeping,they get sick.
D.The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
E.That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.
F.“Sleep is the price we pay for learning,”says Giulio Tononi,who developed the idea.
G.Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections,or synapses,in the brains of 12 mice.
答案与解析
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要探讨了动物睡眠的原因,提出了两种假设:“帮助巩固新的记忆”和“为明天的全新记忆腾出空间”。其中,后一种假设得到了实验支持,为越来越多的人所认可。
36.C 首句指出每种动物都要睡觉,但原因仍然是个谜。接下来是具体例证,如实验室的老鼠被剥夺了睡眠,一个月内就会死亡,而同样地,人类如果连续几天不睡觉,就会生病,故选C项。
37.E 该段首句提出了第一个假设,睡眠帮助我们巩固新的记忆。与这个论点相呼应的例子是E项,该项中的that指代的就是前面的假设,也就是说,这个假设能够解释为什么学生如果能在学习之后睡觉休息,会在考试中发挥地更好。
38.F 由下段首句中的代词he可知,该空中必然包含一个人名,否则he就失去了所指对象,浏览各选项,可锁定F项和G项,但只有F项能与本段的内容衔接,也就是说,睡眠会帮助减弱神经元之间的联系,为新记忆腾出空间。按照研究人员Tononi的说法,“睡眠是我们为学习付出的代价”。
39.G 该段首句说“现在我们有最直接的证据证明他的假设是对的”,那接下来应该具体描述该证据。此外,该空后面一句话解释了实验的结果和意义。综合看来,只有G项符合语境,指出了研究团队、实验对象及实验内容。
40.B 由空后的youkeepwhatmatters“你记住要紧的事情”可锁定B项“似乎大脑在保存它最重要的记忆”。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It is commonly believed that school is where people go to get education. 41 ,it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school.The 42 between schooling and education suggested by this is important.
Education is 43 ,compared with schooling.Education knows no edges.It can take place 44 ,whether in the school or on the job,whether in a kitchen or on a tractor.It includes both the 45 learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of learning out of class. 46 the experience of schooling can be known in advance,education quite often produces surprises.A chance talk with a 47 may lead to a person to discover how 48 he knows of another country.People obtain education from 49 on.Education,then,is a very 50 and unlimited term.It is a lifelong process,a process that starts long 51 the start of school,and one that should be a necessary part of one’s entire life.
Schooling,on the other hand,is a 52 experience,whose style changes 53 from one way to the next.Throughout a country,children arrive at school at the same time,take 54 seats,use similar textbooks,do homework,and 55 ,and so on.Schooling has usually been limited by the edges of the subjects being taught.
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了上学与教育的区别。
41.A.Then B.However
C.Thus D.Therefore
答案B
解析句意:然而,据说现在孩子们上学打断了他们的教育过程。本文开头指人们普遍认为学校是受教育的地方,但是现在很多人不以为然。此处表示转折,故选B项。
42.A.difference B.importance
C.use D.problem
答案A
解析句意:它所表明的上学和教育之间的区别是很重要的。此处指上学与教育二者之间有较大的区别(difference)。故选A项。
43.A.unexpected B.endless
C.countless D.simple
答案B
解析unexpected“出乎意料的”;endless“无止境的”;countless“无数的”;simple“简单的”。根据下文的“Educationknowsnoedges.”可知,教育相对上学来说是无止境的(endless)。故选B项。
44.A.anywhere B.anywhere else
C.somewhere D.somewhere else
答案A
解析根据空后的“whetherintheschooloronthejob,whetherinakitchenoronatractor”可知,教育可以在任何地方(anywhere)发生。故选A项。
45.A.part-time B.public
C.standard D.strict
答案C
解析part-time“兼职的”;public“公众的”;standard“标准的”;strict“严格的”。根据空后的“learningthattakesplaceinschoolsandthewholeuniverseoflearningoutofclass”可知,此处指“标准”学习。故选C项。
46.A.If B.Because
C.So D.Though
答案D
解析句意:虽然上学的经历是可以提前知道的,但教育往往会产生惊喜。“上学的经历可以提前知道”与“教育常常产生惊喜”之间是转折关系。故选D项。
47.A.neighbour B.friend
C.foreigner D.teacher
答案C
解析根据下文的“heknowsofanothercountry”可知,此处指同外国人交谈。故选C项。
48.A.wonderful B.well
C.greatly D.little
答案D
解析句意:与外国人的一次偶然交谈可能使一个人发现他对另一个国家所知甚少。根据空后的“heknowsofanothercountry”可知,此处指对另一个国家知之甚少。故选D项。
49.A.babies B.grown-ups
C.women D.men
答案A
解析根据常识可知,从婴儿(babies)时期,人们就开始获得教育。故选A项。
50.A.long B.broad
C.narrow D.short
答案B
解析句意:因此,教育是一个非常广泛和无限的词语。“宽广的(broad)”与“无限的”之间是并列关系。故选B项。
51.A.that B.when
C.after D.before
答案D
解析根据前文“Peopleobtaineducationfrom 49 on.”可知,此处指“上学之前”。故选D项。
52.A.basic B.strict
C.final D.irregular
答案A
解析此处表示上学是一种基本的(basic)经历。故选A项。
53.A.unusually B.differently
C.little D.frequently
答案C
解析句意:另一方面,上学是一种基本的经历,它的风格从一种方式到另一种方式变化不大。根据常识可知,上学接受教育的模式几乎变化不大。故选C项。
54.A.large B.new
C.fixed D.small
答案C
解析根据“atthesametime”“usesimilartextbooks”可知,孩子们在同一时间到校,坐在固定的(fixed)座位上,用相似的课本。故选C项。
55.A.take exams B.hold exams
C.mark papers D.read papers
答案A
解析句意:在全国各地,孩子们在同一时间到校,坐在固定的座位上,使用相似的课本,做作业,参加考试等等。takeexams“参加考试”;holdexams“举行考试”;markpapers“给试卷评分”;readpapers“读报纸”。学校教育的评价手段是指参加考试。故选A项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Trees,plants and flowers are all around us and we enjoy their beauty every day.However,we are so used to them 56 we may even take them for granted without 57 (realise) how much inspiration they have given us.In fact,nature has inspired many of the most 58 (fascinate) designs around us,including those in architecture.Nature 59 (present) in various architectural designs.
Today,architects continue to explore ways 60 (catch) the beauty of natural forms,to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building.ArtScience Museum of Singapore was designed to show the 61 (connect) between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits.Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so 62 (true) captures the beauty of natural forms.Harare’s Eastgate Centre is 63 superb example of biomimicry (仿生学).To use biomimicry is to create structures 64 (base) on natural forms and processes.Creating buildings such as these enables us to live 65 closer harmony with our environment.
答案与解析
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍大自然给建筑设计带来了灵感,建筑师们持续去探索可以捕捉到自然美的方法,并且将自然元素融入建筑当中。
56.that 考查连词。句意:然而,我们对它们如此习惯以至于我们认为它们是理所当然的,而没有意识到它们已经给我们提供了多少灵感。此处为so...that...结构,表示“如此……以至于……”。故填写that。
57.realising 考查非谓语动词。介词without后面要使用动词-ing形式。故填realising。
58.fascinating 考查形容词。“themost+形容词+designs”意为“最……的设计”,需使用形容词修饰名词designs。故填fascinating。
59.ispresented 考查动词时态和语态。句意:大自然在各种各样的建筑设计中被展现。分析句意可知,本句表达的是一种现象,需使用一般现在时,动词present和主语nature之间是动宾关系,需使用被动结构bepresented,nature是不可数名词,需使用is。故填ispresented。
60.tocatch 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句子中充当定语,修饰名词ways,需使用动词不定式形式。故填tocatch。
61.connection 考查名词。定冠词the后面要接名词,connect是动词,需要转变为名词connection。故填connection。
62.truly 考查副词。分析句子结构可知,谓语动词captures需用副词修饰。故填truly。
63.a 考查冠词。此处缺少冠词,example在此处表示泛指,应用不定冠词。example前面有superb修饰,superb是以辅音音素开头的单词,故应使用a。
64.based 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句子中充当定语成分,修饰名词structures,所以需使用过去分词形式。故填based。
65.in 考查介词。inharmonywith是固定搭配,表示“与……和谐相处”。故填in。
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华,你校英语协会招聘志愿者,接待来访的国外中学生。请你写信应聘,内容包括:
1.口语能力;
2.相关经验;
3.应聘目的。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考范文
Dear Sir or Madam,
I’m Li Hua,a senior 3 student.I am writing to apply for the volunteer to receive the students from foreign countries.
I think I am qualified for the job.Firstly,I have a good command of oral English,which enables me to communicate with foreign students with great ease.Besides,my previous experience as a volunteer may help me settle the potential problems in the process.I’m fully convinced that through this I can learn more about their lifestyles and convey to them the extensive and profound Chinese culture.
If chosen,I will devote my energy and time to the job.Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
A recent UN report shows that many of us are working longer and harder than ever.In the past,employees worked eight or nine hours a day.Today,however,many companies expect their employees to work longer.In addition,the boundary between work and personal life has become less clear.If we are not working in the office,we might be working at home.We are required to be on call whenever our company needs us.In short,we are all working and having less time with family and friends.
This over-emphasis (过分强调) on work can lead to serious problems in our personal lives.The more time we spend at work,the less time there is available for maintaining relationships with our friends and family.Many of us spend so much time on the job that we hardly ever get to see our partners or children.When we do get home,we are often tired and lack the energy to spend time doing what we really enjoy.
There are,however,a number of ways in which we can regain control of our lives and correct the work-life balance.First of all,workers,especially those employed in offices,have to realise that work is rarely finished.In other words,taking work home does not usually decrease the amount of work.As one task finishes,another one appears.This means that,unless there is a strict deadline,work should stay at work.
Another way to regain a work-life balance is to plan your free time.Most of us spend a lot of time planning our working week.Few of us put the same effort into organising our leisure time.However,if we don’t have a plan,there is a danger that we will miss out on the things that we really enjoy doing.So,if you like going to the cinema,make sure that you go regularly.Write it in your diary.If you enjoy having friends visit,plan a time and write that in your diary too.It’s all too easy to let your precious time slip away.
参考范文
A recent study has found that employees are now working longer and harder than in the past.(要点1)As a result,we have less time for our personal lives,like staying with our family and enjoying our pastimes/hobbies.(要点2)However,we can strike a work-life balance by,for example,leaving unfinished work in the office,or planning our free/leisure time properly.(要点3)
第九单元测评
(时间:120分钟 满分:150分)
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
W:Hurry up,or we will be late for the meeting.
M:Don’t worry.It’s 8:45.The meeting won’t start until 9:00.
1.When will the meeting start?
A.At 8:15.
B.At 8:45.
C.At 9:00.
答案C
M:It must be over 100 degrees outside today!I can’t take it anymore.We’ve got to go somewhere that’s cooler.
W:We could go to the shopping mall.
M:No,let’s go to the movies instead.
2.Where does the woman suggest going?
A.To the movies.
B.To the bookstore.
C.To the shopping mall.
答案C
M:How much time do you need to get ready?We’re running late.
W:About 20 more minutes.
M:Well,try to get done with everything faster.I don’t want my dad to stand there waiting for us.
3.Who are the speakers going to see?
A.The woman’s father.
B.The man’s uncle.
C.The man’s father.
答案C
W:How shall I take this medicine?
M:Three times a day.I’m sure you’ll be all right soon.
W:Thanks a lot.
4.Where can the woman be?
A.At the library.
B.At the doctor’s.
C.At a bookshop.
答案B
W:I’m busy,dear.What do you need this time?
M:I can’t find my pencils.
W:I put them in your bag this morning.
5.What does the man want to find?
A.His pencils.
B.His books.
C.His bag.
答案A
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
M:So,Emily,you’re ready for the trip,right?
W:Yes,I am.
M:But you seem to be a little bit nervous.
W:Yes.I am a little nervous,but I think it’ll be a great experience.And hopefully my English will improve a lot.
M:Oh,I’m sure it will.My English improved a lot when I went to Australia last year.England is a great place to visit,and you’ll be in London,right?
W:That’s right.
M:Well,take care of yourself and have a good trip.
W:Thanks.I’m sure I will.
6.How does the woman feel?
A.A little sad.
B.A little nervous.
C.A little disappointed.
答案B
7.Where is the woman going?
A.England.
B.America.
C.Australia.
答案A
听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。
M:Good morning!What’s the matter?
W:Good morning,doctor!I’m not feeling well.I have a fever.
M:How long have you been like this?
W:For two days.
M:Oh,that’s terrible.You should take this medicine four times a day and drink lots of water.
W:Thank you,doctor.
M:It’s a pleasure.I hope you’ll feel better soon.
8.What’s wrong with the woman?
A.She has a fever.
B.She has a headache.
C.She has a cough.
答案A
9.How many times should the woman take the medicine a day?
A.Twice.
B.Three times.
C.Four times.
答案C
听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。
M:I’ll be at a lunch meeting for the next hour and a half.Will you please tell anyone who calls that I will call them back later this afternoon?And if anyone comes to the office,just have them wait until I come back.
W:Yes,Mr.Roberts.What if they are there waiting for a long time?Should I offer them anything?
M:You can show them the new video we made for the company.
W:OK.I will do that,Mr.Roberts.I’ll take care of everything while you’re out.
10.Where is the man going?
A.To a video store.
B.To another company.
C.To a lunch meeting.
答案C
11.When will the man call people back?
A.During lunch.
B.In the afternoon.
C.Tomorrow.
答案B
12.What might be the relationship between the speakers?
A.Husband and wife.
B.Boss and secretary.
C.Teacher and student.
答案B
听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。
M:Amy,what’s your favourite sport?
W:Er,it’s hard to say.I loved swimming when I was in primary school.But I like running best at the moment.
M:You run very fast,don’t you?
W:Yes,but not the fastest in my class.Lily runs much faster than me.
M:Really?
W:Yes.Lily runs the fastest of all.What about you,Mike?What do you like?
M:You like running,but I like jumping,both the high jump and the long jump.
W:Did you take part in the sports meet last year?
M:Yes.I took part in both the high jump and the long jump,and I won first prize in the long jump last year.
W:You are also going to take part in the long jump this year,right?
M:Yes,and I’ll try to make a better record.
W:Good luck!
13.What is the woman interested in now?
A.Running.
B.Jumping.
C.Swimming.
答案A
14.Who runs the fastest?
A.Amy.
B.Lily.
C.Mike.
答案B
15.What is true about Lily?
A.She swims fast.
B.She will take part in the long jump.
C.She is in the same class with Amy.
答案C
16.When did the man win first prize in the long jump?
A.Last week.
B.Last month.
C.Last year.
答案C
听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。
W:Welcome to listen to FM 86.7.Here are the coming programmes.At 5:20 p.m.,in the programme TalkFace-to-Face,you will hear stories about work and life from different people.The programme BeijingNews will tell you the latest news in Beijing at 6:00 p.m.And don’t forget to listen to SportsNews at 6:40 p.m.At 7:40 p.m. comes the most popular programme TellMeYourProblems.The hostess will talk about your problems with you and tell you her ideas.I’m sure you will find your way out with her help.Do you have any money problems?Listen to our programme Money at 9:00 p.m.,and our host will tell you ways of making and saving money.If you don’t go to bed early,you can listen to TheTalkShow at 10:30 p.m.Some famous stars will be our guests and share their experiences with us in this programme.So let’s enjoy the programmes tonight!
17.What kind of stories can be heard in the programme TalkFace-to-Face?
A.Stories about different countries.
B.Stories about people’s work and life.
C.Stories about making money.
答案B
18.When is the programme SportsNews?
A.At 6:00 p.m.
B.At 6:40 p.m.
C.At 7:40 p.m.
答案B
19.Which programme is the most popular?
A.TalkFace-to-Face.
B.BeijingNews.
C.TellMeYourProblems.
答案C
20.Who will come to TheTalkShow?
A.Some stars.
B.Famous writers.
C.Some children.
答案A
第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Five years ago,I was sent to a better middle school.For me,everything there was new and strange.After I had been there for two months,there was an important test in the middle of the term.It covered all my courses.In that test,I didn’t get a good grade,but most of my classmates got an A.
It made me upset for a long time.I felt everything in the world was changing.I thought my classmates were all better than me.During those days I was very unhappy.
One day,my aunt,after talking with my teachers,talked to me.She told me to think about what I had done in the past and what I should do in the future.I was shocked by her words.I thought about what I had done during the past months,and I found I had done nothing to improve my grades.I thought I should work harder.
After that,I paid more attention to the teachers’ talking in the classes,and I asked my teachers or my classmates when I didn’t understand something.I studied very late at night when I met with difficult problems.Most of all,I came to understand the importance of taking notes in class.As a result,I did better in some tests.
About three months later,the most important test came at the end of the term.This time,I stood out not only in my class but also in the grade.From then on,I have tried to do my best when I do something because I know if I want something,I should work hard for it.
【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。五年前作者刚转入一所学校,一开始成绩不理想。后来在姑姑的帮助下找到了问题所在,成绩有了很大的提高。
21.Whatdidthewriter’sauntdotohelphimout?
A.Shepunishedhimfornotworkinghard.
B.Shehelpedhimfindoutthereasonsforhispoorperformance.
C.Sheforcedhimtoworkharder.
D.Sheaskedhisteacherstotalkwithhimabouthisproblems.
答案B
解析根据第三段中的“ShetoldmetothinkaboutwhatIhaddoneinthepastandwhatIshoulddointhefuture.”可知作者的姑姑让作者思考自己考试不利的原因。故选B项。
22.Which of the following studying methods helped the writer most?
A.Asking teachers for help when in difficulty.
B.Working deep into the night every day.
C.Making notes in class.
D.Listening to every word his teachers said.
答案C
解析根据倒数第二段中的“Mostofall,Icametounderstandtheimportanceoftakingnotesinclass.”可知选C项。
23.What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
A.The writer failed again in the exam.
B.The writer did very well in the exam.
C.The writer became the cleverest in the class.
D.The writer was very proud of his progress.
答案B
解析画线句子的意思是:这次我不仅在我的班级而且在整个年级也很突出,也就是说作者考得很好。故选B项。
B
It is true that people with better education are usually able to get better paying jobs.In other words,they have more chances to choose a good job while people with little or no education don’t.It seems that the purpose of education is to make people get jobs.But this isn’t accepted by all people.
Some people may think that a person should spend the best years of his life to get education only for a way of living.This was probably one of the earliest reasons of education.In fact,if education is just a way of making a living,people don’t need to spend so much time in school.People can get education for a living in a short time.Subjects like history and geography need not be taught to everyone.Even languages and mathematics need not be taught in detail,either.Here it is clear that education is much more than teaching a man to get a way of living.
Education is well-rounded and it is mainly for improving a man.It is not only to teach him to speak,read and write,but also to develop his creative thinking and other abilities.After that,it is to make him a wise man and thankfully enjoy the achievements of humans.Education is to make a man lead a better life.Educated people are expected to be able to listen to good music,read good books,watch plays,and most of all,take an interest in the world.
I would agree that making a good living is an important reason for education,but certainly not the most important or the main reason.
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要阐述了教育的意义。教育能提升人的品位,对于工作和生活都很重要。
24.Peoplewithlittleeducationusually .
A.spendalongtimeinschool
B.haveagoodchancetogetajob
C.spendthebestyearstochoosejobs
D.havefewerchancestogetagoodjob
答案D
解析根据第一段中的“Inotherwords,theyhavemorechancestochooseagoodjobwhilepeoplewithlittleornoeducationdon’t.”可知接受教育很少的人,获得好工作的机会很少。故选D项。
25.The earliest education was probably to .
A.make a man lead a better life
B.teach a man to write and think
C.make people get a way of living
D.teach people to read good books
答案C
解析根据第二段中的“Somepeoplemaythinkthatapersonshouldspendthebestyearsofhislifetogeteducationonlyforawayofliving.Thiswasprobablyoneoftheearliestreasonsofeducation.”可知最早的教育可能是为了让人们获得一种谋生的方式。
26.It is expected that educated people will be able to .
A.accept education as a way of living
B.take an interest in the whole world
C.develop their abilities to make plays
D.learn subjects like languages and maths
答案B
解析根据第三段中的“Educatedpeopleareexpectedtobeabletolistentogoodmusic,readgoodbooks,watchplays,andmostofall,takeaninterestintheworld.”可知选B项。
27.The passage mainly tells us that .
A.education should make a man improve
B.people can get education in a short time
C.people should be able to get better paying jobs
D.all subjects are so important for a way of living
答案A
解析根据短文内容尤其是第三段描述可知,教育有助于一个人提高自身水平。故选A项。
C
Samuel Osmond is a 19-year-old law student from Cornwall,England.He never studied the piano.However,he can play very difficult musical pieces by musicians such as Chopin and Beethoven just a few minutes after he hears them.He learns a piece of music by listening to it in parts.Then he thinks about the notes in his head.Two years ago,he played his first piece MoonlightSonata(奏鸣曲) by Beethoven.He surprised everyone around him.
Amazed that he remembered this long and difficult piece of music and played it perfectly,his teachers say Samuel is unbelievable.They say his ability is very rare,but Samuel doesn’t even realise that what he can do is special.Samuel wanted to become a lawyer as it was the wish of his parents,but music teachers told him he should study music instead.Now,he studies law and music.
Samuel can’t understand why everyone is so surprised.“I grew up with music.My mother played the piano and my father played the guitar.About two years ago,I suddenly decided to start playing the piano,without being able to read music and without having any lessons.It comes easily to me—I hear the notes and can bear them in mind—each and every note,” says Samuel.
Recently,Samuel performed a piece during a special event at his college.The piece had more than a thousand notes.The audience was impressed by his amazing performance.He is now learning a piece that is so difficult that many professional pianists can’t play it.Samuel says confidently,“It’s all about super memory—I guess I have that gift.”
However,Samuel’s ability to remember things doesn’t stop with music.His family say that even when he was a young boy,Samuel heard someone read a story,and then he could retell the story word for word.
Samuel is still only a teenager.He doesn’t know what he wants to do in the future.For now,he is just happy to play beautiful music and continue his studies.
【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。19岁的法律系学生SamuelOsmond是一个音乐天才。以前他从来没有学过音乐,但是他可以弹钢琴,并且经常弹奏名家名曲,人们对此很吃惊。是什么造就了这一传奇?赶快来阅读一下吧。
28.WhatisspecialaboutSamuelOsmond?
A.Hehasagiftforwritingmusic.
B.Hecanwritedownthenoteshehears.
C.Heisatopstudentatthelawschool.
D.Hecanplaythemusicalpiecehehears.
答案D
解析由第一段中的“However,hecanplayverydifficultmusicalpiecesbymusicianssuchasChopinandBeethovenjustafewminutesafterhehearsthem.”可知,他的特别之处在于他听了曲子之后就能演奏出来,故选D项。文章没有说他有创作音乐的天赋,也没有说他能写下他听到的音符,更没有提到他是法学院的优等生,因此可以排除其他选项。
29.What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A.Samuel chose law against the wish of his parents.
B.Samuel planned to be a lawyer rather than a musician.
C.Samuel thinks of himself as a man of great musical ability.
D.Samuel studies law and music on the advice of his teachers.
答案B
解析由“Samuelwantedtobecomealawyerasitwasthewishofhisparents...”可知,他想成为一名律师,而不是一名音乐家,故选B项,同时可排除A项;由“...butmusicteacherstoldhimheshouldstudymusicinstead.”可知,音乐老师想让他放弃法律专业,学习音乐,因此排除D项;由“...butSamueldoesn’tevenrealisethatwhathecandoisspecial.”可知,他并不认为自己是音乐天才,因此排除C项。
30.What can we infer about Samuel from Paragraph 4?
A.He became famous during a special event at his college.
B.He is proud of his ability to remember things accurately.
C.He plays the piano better than many professional pianists.
D.He impressed the audience by playing all the musical pieces.
答案B
解析由第四段中的“Samuelsaysconfidently,‘It’sallaboutsupermemory—IguessIhavethatgift.’”可知,他对自己非凡的记忆力感到骄傲,故选B项。文章说到人们对他的记忆力留下深刻印象,但是不能说他一举成名,因此排除A项。
31.Which of the following is the best title of this passage?
A.The Qualities of a Musician
B.The Story of a Musical Talent
C.The Importance of Early Education
D.The Relationship between Memory and Music
答案B
解析全文介绍了一个只靠记忆就能演奏非常复杂的名曲的音乐天才。C项有一定的干扰性,Samuel早年受过音乐的熏陶,但是文章的重点不是讲述早期教育的重要性,因此可以排除。
D
Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water.He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away.He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son.A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins with“Twinkle,twinkle,little star” or remember the story of “Cinderella” or “Goldilocks and the Three Bears”.
One explanation is the law of overlearning,which can be stated as follows:Once we have learned something,additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.
In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming,bicycle riding,and playing baseball long after we have learned them.We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle,twinkle,little star” and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks.We not only learn but overlearn.
The multiplication tables (乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school,because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.
The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an examination,though it may result in a passing grade,is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course.By cramming,a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination,but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.A little overlearning,on the other hand,is really necessary for one’s future development.
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章向我们介绍了什么是过度学习法则,以及过度学习与突击学习的对比及不同效果等。
32.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?
A.Peoplerememberwellwhattheylearnedinchildhood.
B.Childrenhaveabettermemorythangrown-ups.
C.Poemreadingisagoodwaytolearnwords.
D.Storiesforchildrenareeasytoremember.
答案A
解析第一段的第一句就是该段的主题句。成年人常常感到很吃惊,小时候记住的东西,以后从来没有练习过却能记得非常好。故选A项。
33.The author explains the law of overlearning by .
A.presenting research findings
B.setting down general rules
C.making a comparison
D.using examples
答案D
解析文章用了很多的例子来支持所陈述的观点。比如第一段在陈述了观点之后便列举了游泳、骑自行车、接球和击球、记住诗歌和童话故事等多个例子。
34.According to the author,being able to use multiplication tables is .
A.a result of overlearning
B.a special case of cramming
C.a skill to deal with maths problems
D.a basic step towards advanced studies
答案A
解析根据倒数第二段中的“becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood”可知,能够使用乘法口诀表也是过度学习的结果。
35.What is the author’s opinion on cramming?
A.It leads to failure in college exams.
B.It’s helpful only in a limited way.
C.It’s possible to result in poor memory.
D.It increases students’ learning interest.
答案B
解析作者在文章最后一段提到了cramming(突击学习),表达了对突击学习应付考试的看法。突击学习可以使学生能够应付考试但却不足以应付大学课程的学习,因为容易忘记,即它的作用是有限的。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Every animal sleeps,but the reason for this has remained foggy.When lab rats are not allowed to sleep,they die within a month. 36
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 37 We know that,while awake,fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells,but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons (神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight,making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 38
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 39 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 percent smaller than those taken before sleep,showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.
If Tononi’s theory is right,it would explain why,when we miss a night’s sleep,we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information—our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner.The team discovered that some synapses seemed to be protected and stayed the same size. 40 “You keep what matters,”Tononi says.
A.We should also try to sleep well the night before.
B.It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.
C.Similarly,when people go for a few days without sleeping,they get sick.
D.The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
E.That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.
F.“Sleep is the price we pay for learning,”says Giulio Tononi,who developed the idea.
G.Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections,or synapses,in the brains of 12 mice.
答案与解析
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要探讨了动物睡眠的原因,提出了两种假设:“帮助巩固新的记忆”和“为明天的全新记忆腾出空间”。其中,后一种假设得到了实验支持,为越来越多的人所认可。
36.C 首句指出每种动物都要睡觉,但原因仍然是个谜。接下来是具体例证,如实验室的老鼠被剥夺了睡眠,一个月内就会死亡,而同样地,人类如果连续几天不睡觉,就会生病,故选C项。
37.E 该段首句提出了第一个假设,睡眠帮助我们巩固新的记忆。与这个论点相呼应的例子是E项,该项中的that指代的就是前面的假设,也就是说,这个假设能够解释为什么学生如果能在学习之后睡觉休息,会在考试中发挥地更好。
38.F 由下段首句中的代词he可知,该空中必然包含一个人名,否则he就失去了所指对象,浏览各选项,可锁定F项和G项,但只有F项能与本段的内容衔接,也就是说,睡眠会帮助减弱神经元之间的联系,为新记忆腾出空间。按照研究人员Tononi的说法,“睡眠是我们为学习付出的代价”。
39.G 该段首句说“现在我们有最直接的证据证明他的假设是对的”,那接下来应该具体描述该证据。此外,该空后面一句话解释了实验的结果和意义。综合看来,只有G项符合语境,指出了研究团队、实验对象及实验内容。
40.B 由空后的youkeepwhatmatters“你记住要紧的事情”可锁定B项“似乎大脑在保存它最重要的记忆”。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It is commonly believed that school is where people go to get education. 41 ,it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school.The 42 between schooling and education suggested by this is important.
Education is 43 ,compared with schooling.Education knows no edges.It can take place 44 ,whether in the school or on the job,whether in a kitchen or on a tractor.It includes both the 45 learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of learning out of class. 46 the experience of schooling can be known in advance,education quite often produces surprises.A chance talk with a 47 may lead to a person to discover how 48 he knows of another country.People obtain education from 49 on.Education,then,is a very 50 and unlimited term.It is a lifelong process,a process that starts long 51 the start of school,and one that should be a necessary part of one’s entire life.
Schooling,on the other hand,is a 52 experience,whose style changes 53 from one way to the next.Throughout a country,children arrive at school at the same time,take 54 seats,use similar textbooks,do homework,and 55 ,and so on.Schooling has usually been limited by the edges of the subjects being taught.
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了上学与教育的区别。
41.A.Then B.However
C.Thus D.Therefore
答案B
解析句意:然而,据说现在孩子们上学打断了他们的教育过程。本文开头指人们普遍认为学校是受教育的地方,但是现在很多人不以为然。此处表示转折,故选B项。
42.A.difference B.importance
C.use D.problem
答案A
解析句意:它所表明的上学和教育之间的区别是很重要的。此处指上学与教育二者之间有较大的区别(difference)。故选A项。
43.A.unexpected B.endless
C.countless D.simple
答案B
解析unexpected“出乎意料的”;endless“无止境的”;countless“无数的”;simple“简单的”。根据下文的“Educationknowsnoedges.”可知,教育相对上学来说是无止境的(endless)。故选B项。
44.A.anywhere B.anywhere else
C.somewhere D.somewhere else
答案A
解析根据空后的“whetherintheschooloronthejob,whetherinakitchenoronatractor”可知,教育可以在任何地方(anywhere)发生。故选A项。
45.A.part-time B.public
C.standard D.strict
答案C
解析part-time“兼职的”;public“公众的”;standard“标准的”;strict“严格的”。根据空后的“learningthattakesplaceinschoolsandthewholeuniverseoflearningoutofclass”可知,此处指“标准”学习。故选C项。
46.A.If B.Because
C.So D.Though
答案D
解析句意:虽然上学的经历是可以提前知道的,但教育往往会产生惊喜。“上学的经历可以提前知道”与“教育常常产生惊喜”之间是转折关系。故选D项。
47.A.neighbour B.friend
C.foreigner D.teacher
答案C
解析根据下文的“heknowsofanothercountry”可知,此处指同外国人交谈。故选C项。
48.A.wonderful B.well
C.greatly D.little
答案D
解析句意:与外国人的一次偶然交谈可能使一个人发现他对另一个国家所知甚少。根据空后的“heknowsofanothercountry”可知,此处指对另一个国家知之甚少。故选D项。
49.A.babies B.grown-ups
C.women D.men
答案A
解析根据常识可知,从婴儿(babies)时期,人们就开始获得教育。故选A项。
50.A.long B.broad
C.narrow D.short
答案B
解析句意:因此,教育是一个非常广泛和无限的词语。“宽广的(broad)”与“无限的”之间是并列关系。故选B项。
51.A.that B.when
C.after D.before
答案D
解析根据前文“Peopleobtaineducationfrom 49 on.”可知,此处指“上学之前”。故选D项。
52.A.basic B.strict
C.final D.irregular
答案A
解析此处表示上学是一种基本的(basic)经历。故选A项。
53.A.unusually B.differently
C.little D.frequently
答案C
解析句意:另一方面,上学是一种基本的经历,它的风格从一种方式到另一种方式变化不大。根据常识可知,上学接受教育的模式几乎变化不大。故选C项。
54.A.large B.new
C.fixed D.small
答案C
解析根据“atthesametime”“usesimilartextbooks”可知,孩子们在同一时间到校,坐在固定的(fixed)座位上,用相似的课本。故选C项。
55.A.take exams B.hold exams
C.mark papers D.read papers
答案A
解析句意:在全国各地,孩子们在同一时间到校,坐在固定的座位上,使用相似的课本,做作业,参加考试等等。takeexams“参加考试”;holdexams“举行考试”;markpapers“给试卷评分”;readpapers“读报纸”。学校教育的评价手段是指参加考试。故选A项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Trees,plants and flowers are all around us and we enjoy their beauty every day.However,we are so used to them 56 we may even take them for granted without 57 (realise) how much inspiration they have given us.In fact,nature has inspired many of the most 58 (fascinate) designs around us,including those in architecture.Nature 59 (present) in various architectural designs.
Today,architects continue to explore ways 60 (catch) the beauty of natural forms,to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building.ArtScience Museum of Singapore was designed to show the 61 (connect) between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits.Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so 62 (true) captures the beauty of natural forms.Harare’s Eastgate Centre is 63 superb example of biomimicry (仿生学).To use biomimicry is to create structures 64 (base) on natural forms and processes.Creating buildings such as these enables us to live 65 closer harmony with our environment.
答案与解析
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍大自然给建筑设计带来了灵感,建筑师们持续去探索可以捕捉到自然美的方法,并且将自然元素融入建筑当中。
56.that 考查连词。句意:然而,我们对它们如此习惯以至于我们认为它们是理所当然的,而没有意识到它们已经给我们提供了多少灵感。此处为so...that...结构,表示“如此……以至于……”。故填写that。
57.realising 考查非谓语动词。介词without后面要使用动词-ing形式。故填realising。
58.fascinating 考查形容词。“themost+形容词+designs”意为“最……的设计”,需使用形容词修饰名词designs。故填fascinating。
59.ispresented 考查动词时态和语态。句意:大自然在各种各样的建筑设计中被展现。分析句意可知,本句表达的是一种现象,需使用一般现在时,动词present和主语nature之间是动宾关系,需使用被动结构bepresented,nature是不可数名词,需使用is。故填ispresented。
60.tocatch 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句子中充当定语,修饰名词ways,需使用动词不定式形式。故填tocatch。
61.connection 考查名词。定冠词the后面要接名词,connect是动词,需要转变为名词connection。故填connection。
62.truly 考查副词。分析句子结构可知,谓语动词captures需用副词修饰。故填truly。
63.a 考查冠词。此处缺少冠词,example在此处表示泛指,应用不定冠词。example前面有superb修饰,superb是以辅音音素开头的单词,故应使用a。
64.based 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句子中充当定语成分,修饰名词structures,所以需使用过去分词形式。故填based。
65.in 考查介词。inharmonywith是固定搭配,表示“与……和谐相处”。故填in。
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华,你校英语协会招聘志愿者,接待来访的国外中学生。请你写信应聘,内容包括:
1.口语能力;
2.相关经验;
3.应聘目的。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考范文
Dear Sir or Madam,
I’m Li Hua,a senior 3 student.I am writing to apply for the volunteer to receive the students from foreign countries.
I think I am qualified for the job.Firstly,I have a good command of oral English,which enables me to communicate with foreign students with great ease.Besides,my previous experience as a volunteer may help me settle the potential problems in the process.I’m fully convinced that through this I can learn more about their lifestyles and convey to them the extensive and profound Chinese culture.
If chosen,I will devote my energy and time to the job.Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
A recent UN report shows that many of us are working longer and harder than ever.In the past,employees worked eight or nine hours a day.Today,however,many companies expect their employees to work longer.In addition,the boundary between work and personal life has become less clear.If we are not working in the office,we might be working at home.We are required to be on call whenever our company needs us.In short,we are all working and having less time with family and friends.
This over-emphasis (过分强调) on work can lead to serious problems in our personal lives.The more time we spend at work,the less time there is available for maintaining relationships with our friends and family.Many of us spend so much time on the job that we hardly ever get to see our partners or children.When we do get home,we are often tired and lack the energy to spend time doing what we really enjoy.
There are,however,a number of ways in which we can regain control of our lives and correct the work-life balance.First of all,workers,especially those employed in offices,have to realise that work is rarely finished.In other words,taking work home does not usually decrease the amount of work.As one task finishes,another one appears.This means that,unless there is a strict deadline,work should stay at work.
Another way to regain a work-life balance is to plan your free time.Most of us spend a lot of time planning our working week.Few of us put the same effort into organising our leisure time.However,if we don’t have a plan,there is a danger that we will miss out on the things that we really enjoy doing.So,if you like going to the cinema,make sure that you go regularly.Write it in your diary.If you enjoy having friends visit,plan a time and write that in your diary too.It’s all too easy to let your precious time slip away.
参考范文
A recent study has found that employees are now working longer and harder than in the past.(要点1)As a result,we have less time for our personal lives,like staying with our family and enjoying our pastimes/hobbies.(要点2)However,we can strike a work-life balance by,for example,leaving unfinished work in the office,or planning our free/leisure time properly.(要点3)
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