高中英语北师大版 (2019)必修 第一册Lesson 3 Running and Fitness同步训练题

Unit 2 Sports and Fitness

Part 5　Writing Workshop, Viewing Workshop & Reading Club

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．If you catch ________ (看见) of Mary, ask her to come and see me.

2．It's the first time at these games that we have ________ (超越) them.

3．Online education gives students enough ________ (灵活)．

4．The team also won praise for ________ (体育精神) and fair play.

5．I am ________ (惊讶的) at the number of people who visited the Forbidden City on Tuesday.

6．The ________ (骑自行车者) was knocked down by a lorry.

7．At the moment, we are looking forward to your ________ (答复)．

8．I'll never forget winning my first gold ________ (奖牌)．

9．When the dog attacked me, I ________ (保护，保卫) myself with a stick.

10．He made himself understood with the help of ________ (手势)．

Ⅱ.单句语法填空

1．Good job candidates must show a ________ (flexibility) approach to problems.

2．She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in ________ (defend)．

3．He ________ (response) that he didn't want to see anyone.

4．It's really ________ (amazed) that the once­ruined place has now been turned into a beautiful school.

5．He ________ (cycle) as hard as he could for hours and with the finishing line in sight.

Ⅲ.短语填空

out of sight， be amazed at， a bronze medal， in response to， take advantage of

1．I ________________ the progress you've made.

2．The government acted ________________ economic pressure.

3．The train was soon ________________.

4．To his joy, he won ________________ in the match.

5．John has adapted to the new environment and has ________________ every opportunity to make friends.

Ⅳ.语法填空

Today, the most popular martial arts in the world are from Asia. Many martial arts 1.________ (invent) because people needed to defend themselves or protect others. Nowadays, people learn martial arts as a way of 2.________ (keep) fit or as a competitive sport, but they are still very useful for self­defence.

Some martial arts are called hard 3.________ others are called soft. Soft martial arts, such as tai chi, teach you to use your opponent's own force to defend 4.________ (you). These martial arts are soft for the defender but not for the attacker! On the other hand, hard styles, such as kung fu, teach you to defend yourself using force. Hard martial arts techniques are 5.________ (effect) if you are more skillful, more powerful and faster than your opponent.

Did you know that Japan's karate is 6.________ (relate) to Chinese kung fu? In the 14th century, when the Chinese migrants from Fujian 7.________ (settle) in what was then the kingdom of Okinawa, the local youths started learning kung fu from them.

In fact, Chinese influence in martial arts was not limited 8.________ kung fu. During the Japanese invasion of Korea in the 16th century, the Korean army adopted a training method from a chinese military manual 9.________ (call) Ji Xiao Xin Shu, whose author was the Chinese general Qi Jiguang, 10.________ had himself defeated Japanese pirates.

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

Parents whose children show a special interest in a sport feel very difficult to make a decision about their children's careers. Should they allow their children to train to become top sportsmen and sportswomen? For many children it means starting schoolwork very young. And going out with friends and other interests have to_take_a_second_place. It's very difficult to explain to a young child why he or she has to train five hours a day, even at the weekend, when most of his or her friends are playing. Another problem is of course money. In many countries money for training is available from government for the very best young sportsmen and sportswomen. If this help can not be given, it means that it is the parents who have to find the time and the money to support their child's development and sports clothes, transport to competitions, special equipment, etc. All can be expensive.

Many parents are worried that it is dangerous to start serious training in a sport at an early age. Some doctors agree that young muscles may be damaged by training before they are properly developed. Professional trainers, however, believe that it is only by training when young that you can reach the top as a successful sports person. It is clear that very few people do reach the top, and both parents and children should be prepared for failure even after many years of training.

1．Where can we most probably find this passage?

A．An advertisement.  B．A diary.

C．A newspaper.  D．A notice board.

2．What does the underlined phrase “to take a second place” in the first paragraph mean?

A．To become less important.

B．To put it at another place.

C．To happen again.

D．They are the most important of all the things.

3．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A．It's easy to make a decision when your children want to take up sports.

B．Most of the students may become top sportsmen after a long period of training.

C．Early training may damage young muscles.

D．It's not very expensive for parents to support their children's development in sports.

B

Most of us lead unhealthy lives; we spend far too much sitting down. If in addition we are careless about our diets, our bodies soon become loose and fatty and our systems slow moving. There are some aspects (方面) of our unhealthy lives that we cannot avoid. I am thinking of such features of modern city life as pollution, noise, rushed meals and stress. But keeping fit is a way to reduce the effects of these evils. The usual suggestion to a person who is looking for a way to keep fit is to take up some sport or other. While it is true that every weekend you will find people playing football and hockey in the local park, they are outnumbered a hundred to one by the people who are simply watching them.

For those who do not particularly enjoy competitive sports—and it is especially difficult to do so if you are not good at them—there are such separate activities as cycling, walking, jogging and swimming. What often happens though is that you do them in such a leisurely way, so slowly, that it is doubtful if you are doing yourself much good, except for the fact that you have at least managed to get up out of your armchair.

Even after you have found a way for keeping in shape, through sport or gymnastics, you are still only half way to good health, because, according to the experts, you must also master the art of complete mental and physical relaxation. It has to do with deep breathing, emptying your mind of all thoughts, meditation, and so on. Yoga, as practiced in the West, is the most widely known and popular of the systems for achieving the necessary state of relaxation. It seems ironical (讽刺性的), though, that as our lives have improved in a material sense we have found it increasingly necessary to go back to forms of activity—physical effort on the one hand and relaxation on the other—which were the natural way of life of our forefathers.

4．Pollution, noise and stress are examples of ________.

A．causes of unfitness

B．bad features of living in cities

C．the things we can completely do away with

D．unavoidable things in town

5．To be healthy we must ________.

A．keep fit and active

B．keep fit and learn to relax

C．be active and practise Yoga

D．have a sound mind

6．Our forefathers were healthy because ________.

A．their way of life closely connected with both exercise and relaxation

B．they were careful to get plenty of fresh air

C．they spent most of the time out of doors

D．their environment was not polluted

7．What would be the best title for the text?

A．How to Keep Fit

B．How to Learn to Relax

C．How to Live a Healthy Life

D．How to Practice Yoga

C

Perhaps no one knows the power of imagination better than Chinese writer Liu Cixin. Until four years ago, Liu worked full­time as a computer engineer at a power plant in Shanxi province. He only wrote science fiction in his spare time. But it was during this time that Liu's imagination took flight. He did what he might never have the chance to do in real life—wander in space, fight with aliens, and visit planets light­years away.

But even with such a powerful imagination, Liu, 55, probably hadn't expected that he would become the first Asian to win the Hugo Award, science fiction's highest prize, in 2015. Perhaps neither did he think that former US president Barack Obama would read his novel The Three­Body Problem, nor that on Nov 9 in Washington DC, he would win the 2018 Arthur C. Clarke Award for Imagination in Service to Society. It's the first time a Chinese writer has ever won the award.

In his acceptance speech, Liu said that he owed his imagination to Arthur C. Clarke (1917－2008), a famous UK sci－fi author. He said that reading Clarke's 1968 classic novel 2001: A Space Odyssey in the early 1980s had a great effect on him.

“My mind opened up like never before. I felt like a narrow river finally seeing the sea，” Liu said. “That night, in my eyes, the starry sky was completely different from the past. For the first time in my life, I was awed (使……敬畏) by the mystery of the universe.”

But no matter how far away Liu's imagination takes him, somehow his novels always stay rational.

In The Three­Body Problem, for example, Liu tells a tale of aliens invading Earth. But unlike other alien stories, Liu talks more about relationships between civilizations (文明), rules of survival, and the meanings of life. And in The Wandering Earth, Liu looks ahead to the day when our solar system comes to an end and humans have to look for a new place to live. However, all his visions and solutions are based on “hard science”. Liu's works aren't simply daydreams.

8．What do we know about Liu Cixin?

A．He became a full­time writer when he was young.

B．He dreamed about wandering in space from childhood.

C．He is the first Asian to win the Arthur C. Clarke Award.

D．He is the first Chinese winner of the Hugo Award.

9．Liu Cixin's words are used mainly to show ________.

A．his interest in mysteries of the universe

B．his love of reading science fiction

C．his confusion when he started writing

D．his feeling after reading Clarke's work

10．Why did the author mention The Three­Body Problem and The Wandering Earth?

A．To compare the different writing styles in the two books.

B．To explain how Liu Cixin came up with his ideas.

C．To show that Liu Cixin has a powerful imagination.

D．To prove that Liu Cixin's works relate science to reality.

11．What's the text mainly about?

A．Liu Cixin's achievements and writing style.

B．Liu Cixin's contributions to science fiction.

C．How Liu Cixin became a sci­fi writer.

D．How Liu Cixin started a new sci­fi style.

Ⅱ.七选五

Giving advice is not one of the easiest tasks. __1__. With these tips, you'll be good at giving advice in no time! Get started with the following steps.

__2__. We of course all have our own opinions on what is right and what is wrong, but when you give advice, the idea is to give someone the tools to make their own decisions, not to make the decisions for them. __3__， only when someone asks you “What would you do？”

Be honest. Let them know if you're not an expert. It's important that you don't give them the impression that you're an authority (权威人士) when you're not. __4__. Instead, say something like “You're right to be upset about that.”

Express confidence in them. Sometimes all they need to make the right decision is to know that someone believes in them and that someone thinks that they can do the right thing. __5__. Tell them something like, “This is a really tough decision, but I know you want to do the right thing. And I know you will do the right thing.”

A．Be that person for them

B．It's important to know when you should give advice

C．You can be put under a lot of pressure if you give bad advice

D．Act right

E．You can show your own personal opinion

F．Remove your decisions

G．It's okay not to say “I know how you feel”， too

Ⅲ.语法填空

Now a hot topic 1.________ (discuss) about whether the old computers in our school should be replaced 2.________ new ones. With the rapid 3.________ (develop) of science and technology, there is no doubt 4.________ our old computers are totally out of date. The headmaster as well as the teachers and students 5.________ (be) not satisfied with the slow working speed of the computers. Therefore, all of them request that they should have new computers so that their problems can be solved 6.________ (success). 7.________ the school should consider is how to deal with the old computers 8.________ (wise). Personally speaking, 9.________ (throw) them away to the place 10.________ they are regarded as rubbish is not a good idea.

Ⅳ.应用文写作

假如你叫李华，是某外语特色学校的学生会主席。你发现有些同学在就餐时间吃零食，不去餐厅吃饭。请根据下面的写作提纲，给英语专栏写一封倡议信，呼吁同学们关注饮食健康。内容包括：

1．健康饮食的重要性；

2．吃零食的坏处；

3．向同学们发出倡议。

注意：

1．词数80左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear friends，

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

Yours，

Li Hua

Part 5　Writing Workshop, Viewing Workshop & Reading Club

必备知识基础练

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．sight　2.overtaken　3.flexibility　4.sportsmanship　5.amazed

6．cyclist　7.response　8.medal　9.defended　10.gestures

Ⅱ.单句语法填空

1．flexible　2.defence　3.responded　4.amazing　5.had been cycling

Ⅲ.短语填空

1．am amazed at　2.in response to　3.out of sight　4.a bronze medal

5．taken advantage of

Ⅳ.语法填空

1．答案与解析：were invented　考查时态语态。根据because引导的原因状语从句的时态可知此处应用一般过去时，主语和谓语之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，故填were invented。

2．答案与解析：keeping　考查非谓语动词。介词后应接动名词作宾语，故填keeping。

3．答案与解析：while　考查连词。此处表示对比，故填while。

4．答案与解析：yourself　考查代词。此处表示保卫自己，故用反身代词yourself。

5．答案与解析：more effective　考查形容词比较级。做表语用形容词形式，再结合if条件状语从句的比较级可知此处应用形容词的比较级，故填more effective。

6．答案与解析：related　考查形容词。be related to为固定短语，意为“与……有关”，故填related。

7．答案与解析：settled　考查时态语态。根据句子的时间状语In the 14th century，可知此处应用一般过去时，故填settled。

8．答案与解析：to　考查介词。be limited to为固定短语，意为“被限制在……上；限于”，故填to。

9．答案与解析：called　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句主语为the korean army, adopted为谓语动词，设空处前无连词连接，故设空处应用非谓语动词形式。call与其逻辑主语a Chinese military manual之间为被动关系，故填called。

10．答案与解析：who　考查定语从句。设空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Chinese general Qi Jiguang，指人，从句中缺少主语，故填who。

关键能力综合练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了作为对体育运动感兴趣的孩子的父母面临的两难选择。

1．答案与解析：C　文章出处题。本文没有推销产品，也没有讲述故事，也不是通知，而是非常客观地讲述了作为对体育运动感兴趣的孩子的父母面临的两难选择，所以本文是摘自报纸。故选C项。

2．答案与解析：A　词义猜测题。由后面的“...he or she has to train five hours a day, even at the weekend, when most of his or her friends are playing.”可知，一旦选择了体育项目，这些孩子就得牺牲用于其他爱好以及与朋友玩耍的时间，所以take a second place意为“退居次要地位”，故选A项。

3．答案与解析：C　推理判断题。由第一段中的“Parents whose children show a special interest in a sport feel very difficult to make a decision about their children's careers.”可知，这样的父母很难做出选择，故A项表述错误；由文章最后一句“It is clear that very few people do reach the top, and both parents and children should be prepared for failure even after many years of training.”可知，经过多年的训练后，能成为佼佼者的孩子毕竟是少数，故B项表述错误；由“Some doctors agree that young muscles may be damaged by training before they are properly developed.”可知，过早的训练可能会损害肌肉，故C项正确；由第一段中的“...sports clothes, transport to competitions, special equipment, etc.All can be expensive.”可知，从事体育运动的孩子需要花费很多钱，故D项表述错误。

B

【语篇解读】　现代社会，我们多数人的生活方式都不健康。是不是多运动，你就能更健康呢？作者经过反思之后发现，回归自然的生活方式才最健康。(注：outnumber vt.数量多于……)

4．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段的“There are some aspects of our unhealthy lives that we cannot avoid. I am thinking of such features of modern city life as pollution, noise, rushed meals and stress.”可知，pollution，noise和stress是生活在城市一些不健康的、不太好的方面。

5．答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据第三段的“you must also master the art of complete mental and physical relaxation”可知，光锻炼是不够的，还要注意心理保健。健康包括生理的和心理的(锻炼和心理放松)两个方面。故选B项。

6．答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据第三段的“physical effort on the one hand and relaxation on the other—which were the natural way of life of our forefathers”可知，我们祖先的生活方式很健康，是因为他们的生活方式与锻炼和放松密切相关。故选A项。

7．答案与解析：C　主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知选C项。

C

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇人物传记。文章讲述的是Liu Cixin的成就与写作风格。

8．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中．..he would become the first Asian to win the Hugo Award, science fiction's highest prize, in 2015.可知，我们对Liu Cixin的了解是他是第一位获得雨果奖的中国人。

9．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据第三段提到Liu Cixin阅读了克拉克的作品。第四段主要介绍了Liu Cixin在阅读克拉克的作品后的感受。故选D。

10．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中However, all his visions and solutions are based on “hard science”. Liu's works aren't simply daydreams.可知，作者提到The Three­Body Problem和The Wandering Earth是为了证明Liu Cixin的作品是科学与现实的结合。

11．答案与解析：A　主旨大意题。根据第一段可知，本文讲述的是Liu Cixin的成就与写作风格。

Ⅱ.七选五

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。作者就如何提一些好的建议发表了自己的见解。

1．答案与解析：C　根据上句Giving advice is not one of the easiest tasks.可知，提建议不是最容易的事情之一，所以如果你提的建议不好，压力就会很大。

2．答案与解析：F　根据下文when you give advice, the idea is to give someone the tools to make their own decisions, not to make the decisions for them.可知，你提建议时，应该让他们自己做决定，而不是替他们决定。

3．答案与解析：E　根据下文only when someone asks you “What would you do？”可知，只有当有人问你“你会做什么？”时，你才可以表达个人的观点。

4．答案与解析：G　根据下文Instead, say something like “You're right to be upset about that.”的关键词say可知，G项符合语境。

5．答案与解析：A　根据上文Sometimes all they need to make the right decision is to know that someone believes in them and that someone thinks that they can do the right thing.可知，有时他们做出正确的决定需要的就是有人信任他们，认为他们能做正确的事情，所以你要成为他们需要的那个人。

Ⅲ.语法填空

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论的话题是学校的旧电脑该不该换掉。显然旧电脑已经过时，不能满足工作需要，但是把它们当垃圾处理掉似乎不是一个好办法。

1．答案与解析：is being discussed　考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语now及句意可以确定本句应该使用现在时态，又根据topic和discuss的被动关系可以确定本空应使用进行时态的被动语态。

2．答案与解析：by/with　考查介词。be replaced by/with是固定短语，意为“被……取代”。

3．答案与解析：development　考查词类转化。根据前面的形容词rapid可知，形容词修饰名词，故本空用名词形式。

4．答案与解析：that　考查连接词。there is no doubt that...是固定句型，意为“毫无疑问……”，本句型中的that从句实际上是同位语从句。

5．答案与解析：is　考查主谓一致。本句的主语中心词是the headmaster，是单数形式，故谓语也应该用单数形式。

6．答案与解析：successfully　考查词类转化。修饰谓语部分can be solved，作状语，故用副词形式。

7．答案与解析：What　考查名词性从句。此处是名词性从句作主语，从句中consider缺少宾语，故填What。

8．答案与解析：wisely　考查词类转化。用副词修饰动词短语deal with。句意：学校应该考虑的是如何明智地处理旧电脑。

9．答案与解析：throwing　考查动名词。在本句中非谓语动词作主语，且此处不指某次具体的行为，故用动名词而不用不定式。

10．答案与解析：where　考查定语从句。先行词是the place，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。

Ⅳ.应用文写作

One possible version：

Dear friends，

I am Li Hua. I notice some students eat snacks at mealtimes instead of having meals. Now I'd like to call on you to form a healthy eating habit.

For us students, eating healthy food is of great importance because we need enough nutrients to keep our body functioning well. Having meals regularly is a good way to keep fit and prevent diseases. By eating snacks, we may get sick easily.

Let's change our way of living. Let's have a healthy diet from now on. By having meals regularly, we will grow up healthily and happily.

Yours，

Li Hua