2021-2022学年湖南师范大学附属中学高一下学期期末考试英语试题含解析

这是一份2021-2022学年湖南师范大学附属中学高一下学期期末考试英语试题含解析，共27页。试卷主要包含了5分），15等内容，欢迎下载使用。
 湖南师大附中2020-2021学年度高一第二学期期末考试
英语
时量：120分钟 满分：150分
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题15分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. What does the woman like doing on Sundays?
A. Reading. B. Shopping. C. Swimming.
2. What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A. Boss and secretary. B. Shopper and saleswoman. C. Customer and waitress.
3. How many children are there on the playground?
A. Seven. B. Eleven. C. Twelve.
4. What does the woman mean?
A. She will bring the man a free drink.
B. The man’s waiter will be there soon.
C. She will take the man’s food order right away.
5. Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A. At a supermarket. B. At a library. C. At a bank.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Where is the woman probably?
A. In an airport. B. In a train station. C. In a restaurant.
7. What will the man bring the woman?
A An umbrella. B. Some clothes. C. Something to eat.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What did the man do yesterday?
A. He went shopping. B. He looked after his baby. C. He did some washing.
9. Why did the woman want to speak to the man yesterday?
A. To ask him to a concert. B. To invite him to dinner. C. To go to the movies with him.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. How long has the man been in the hospital?
A. For two years. B. For six years. C. For seven years.
11. Where is the man about to go?
A. Brighton. B. India. C. Zambia.
12. What can we learn about the woman?
A. She will leave with the man.
B. She is against the man’s decision.
C. She feels worried about the man’s leaving.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What is the woman?
A. A nutritionist. B. A doctor. C. A professor.
14. What’s the man’s problem?
A. His heart rate is extremely fast.
B. His blood pressure is very high.
C. He is heavily overweight.
15. What should the man avoid eating?
A Apples. B. Cabbage. C. Pork.
16. Where does the woman suggest the man eat?
A. At the restaurant. B. At the dinning hall. C. At the university hospital.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What does Volterman’s smart wallet focus on?
A. The color. B. The security. C. The design.
18. Which will inform you that your phone and wallet are separated?
A. The alarm. B. The GPS tracker. C. The camera.
19. What can you receive if your wallet is stolen?
A A message from the wallet. B. A voice from the phone. C. A picture of the thief.
20. How much does the cheapest wallet cost?
A. $169. B. $179. C. $189.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Amazing Scientists Who Happen to Be Teenagers
We’ve got a list of teen scientists from a variety of fields.
Jack Andraka
Jack Andraka created a biological sensor for testing cancer at an early stage. He says that the paper sensor is 168 times faster, 26,667 times less expensive and 400 times more sensitive than technology nowadays.
He’s the youngest person to have spoken in front of the Royal Society of Medicine.
Taylor Wilson
Taylor Wilson was the youngest person to achieve nuclear fusion (核聚变). He was inspired by The Radioactive Boy Scout, a novel in which a kid tries and fails to build a nuclear reactor.
Taylor thought he could do better. Long story short, he wanted to build a small nuclear reactor. And he did it at the age of fourteen. He received a Thiel Fellowship, which gave him $100,000 to work on his own research.
Sara Volz
Sara Volz performed experiments in which she grew algae (藻类) based on their oil output for the purpose of growing them as biofuel. This research is especially important as the world continues to search for a way to reduce our dependence on non-renewable energy. She won the top prize of $100,000 in the Intel Science Talent Search.
Daniel Burd
Plastic usually takes thousands of years to decompose (分解), but this high school student Daniel Burd managed to do it in three months. In an experiment, he mixed plastic bags and a special kind of dirt together, and found that they did decompose faster. He then performed tests to find the bacteria (细菌) responsible for decomposing the plastics.
His solution only produces water and small amounts of carbon dioxide. He says it could easily be used elsewhere.
1. Who invented a medical instrument?
A. Jack Andraka. B. Taylor Wilson. C. Sara Volz. D. Daniel Burd.
2. What excited Taylor Wilson’s interest in his invention?
A. A travel program. B. Plastic pollution. C. Energy shortage. D. A story book.
3. What do we know about Daniel Burd’s invention?
A. It is made from plastics. B. It does little harm to the environment.
C. It was completed in three months. D. It is widely used in everyday waste.
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几位青少年科学家以及他们的发明。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Jack Andraka部分“Jack Andraka created a biological sensor for testing cancer at an early stage.(杰克·安德拉卡发明了一种用于早期癌症检测的生物传感器)”可知，杰克·安德拉卡发明了医疗器械。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Taylor Wilson部分“He was inspired by The Radioactive Boy Scout, a novel in which a kid tries and fails to build a nuclear reactor.(他受到《放射性童子军》的启发，这本小说讲述了一个孩子试图建造核反应堆却失败的故事)”可知，是一本故事书激发了Taylor Wilson对他的发明的兴趣。故选D项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据Daniel Burd部分“His solution only produces water and small amounts of carbon dioxide.(他的解决方案只产生水和少量二氧化碳)”以及常识可知，Daniel Burd的发明对环境几乎没有危害。故选B项。
B
Cars, cots and plastic chairs became temporary beds for hundreds of families who lost their homes in southwest Puerto Rico as a series of earthquakes struck the island; one of them is the strongest in a century. The magnitude (震级) 6.4 earthquake that struck before dawn on Tuesday killed one person, injured nine others and knocked out power across the U.S. More than 250,000 Puerto Ricans remained without water on Wednesday and another half a million without power, which also affected telecommunications (电信).
More than 200 people had taken shelter in a gymnasium after an earthquake on Monday, forcing them to sleep outside. Among them was 80-year-old Lupita Martínez, who sat in the dusty parking lot with her 96-year-old husband by her side. He was sleeping in a temporary bed, a dark blue coat covering him. “There’s no power. There’s no water. There is nothing. This is horrible,” Martínez said.
The couple were alone, feeling sad that their caretaker had disappeared and was not answering their calls. Like many other Puerto Ricans affected by the earthquake, they had children in the U.S. mainland who urged them to move there, at least until the earth stopped shaking.
In Guánica itself, “We are facing a crisis worse than Hurricane Maria,” said Mayor Santos Seda, referring to the 2017 storm that destroyed the island. Tuesday’s earthquake was the strongest to hit Puerto Rico since October 1918, when a magnitude 7.3 earthquake struck near the island’s northwest coast, causing a tsunami and killing 116 people.
Dayleen Ortiz set up a speaker on the roof of her car to play energetic salsa music and provided crayons and paper for children and urged adults to shake their fears. One young girl tapped Ortiz on her leg repeatedly. “I want to play a beautician,” she said. Ortiz dug behind cases of water bottles, chairs and blankets in her car and produced eight small new nail polishes (指甲油) and the girl smiled wide. It was a trick she learned professionally to calm and entertain children and help them heal after Hurricane Maria hit.
4. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
A. The number of earthquakes. B. The influence of power failure.
C. The reactions of people affected. D. The damage the earthquake made.
5. What do we know about Lupita Martínez?
A. Her house was destroyed by the earthquake. B. Her husband passed out in the earthquake.
C. She was out of touch with her caretaker. D. Her children urged them to move back home.
6. What happened to Puerto Rico in 2017?
A. A hurricane. B. A tsunami. C. An earthquake. D. A flood.
7. According to the last paragraph, Dayleen Ortiz is most probably a(n) _________.
A. artist B. beautician C. magician D. psychologist
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了一个世纪以来最强的地震给美国在加勒比海的一个自治邦——波多黎各地区造成的破坏以及人们遭受的损失等情况。
【4题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Cars, cots and plastic chairs became temporary beds for hundreds of families who lost their homes in southwest Puerto Rico as a series of earthquakes struck the island;(汽车、帆布床和塑料椅成为波多黎各西南部数百个家庭的临时床，这些家庭在一系列地震袭击该岛时失去了家园)”以及“The magnitude 6.4 earthquake that struck before dawn on Tuesday killed one person, injured nine others and knocked out power across the U.S. More than 250,000 Puerto Ricans remained without water on Wednesday and another half a million without power, which also affected telecommunications.(周二拂晓前发生的里氏6.4级地震造成美国1人死亡，9人受伤，电力中断。周三，250000多名波多黎各人仍然缺水，另有50万人断电，这也影响了电信业)”可知，第一段主要描述了地震造成的损失。故选D项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The couple were alone, feeling sad that their caretaker had disappeared and was not answering their calls.(这对夫妇单独待着，很难过他们的护工失联，没有接听他们的电话)”可知，这对夫妇与他们的护工失去联系了。故选C项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“In Guánica itself, “We are facing a crisis worse than Hurricane Maria,” said Mayor Santos Seda, referring to the 2017 storm that destroyed the island.(市长桑托斯·塞达在谈到2017年摧毁该岛的风暴时表示，只在瓜尼卡岛上，“我们面临的危机比飓风玛丽亚还要严重”)”可知，2017年，飓风“玛利亚”袭击了波多黎各地区。故选A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Dayleen Ortiz set up a speaker on the roof of her car to play energetic salsa music and provided crayons and paper for children and urged adults to shake their fears.(Dayleen Ortiz在车顶上安装了一个扬声器，播放充满活力的萨尔萨音乐，并为儿童提供蜡笔和纸张，促使成年人摆脱恐惧)”以及“Ortiz dug behind cases of water bottles, chairs and blankets in her car and produced eight small new nail polishes and the girl smiled wide. It was a trick she learned professionally to calm and entertain children and help them heal after Hurricane Maria hit.( Ortiz在车里的水瓶、椅子和毯子后面挖洞，拿出八个新的指甲油，女孩笑得很开心。这是她从专业角度学会的一个把戏，让孩子们平静下来，娱乐他们，帮助他们在飓风玛丽亚袭击后康复)”可知，Dayleen Ortiz播放充满活力的音乐，提供蜡笔和纸张供儿童画画，鼓励成年人摆脱恐惧，也想方设法满足孩子想成为美容师的愿望，让孩子开心，这都是她自上次飓风“玛利亚”袭击该地区后专业学习到的一种治愈孩子的小技巧，因此可推测，Ortiz是一名心理咨询师。故选D项。
C
As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remember less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.
In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.
In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called “transactive memory (交互记忆)”
According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn’t mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.
8. The passage begins with two questions to ________.
A. introduce the main topic B. show the author’s attitude
C. describe how to use the Internet D. explain how to store information
9. What can we learn about the first experiment?
A. Sparrow’s team typed the information into a computer.
B. The two groups remembered the information equally well.
C. The first group did not try to remember the formation.
D. The second group did not understand the information.
10. In transactive memory, people ________.
A. keep the information in mind
B. change the quantity of information
C. organize information like a computer
D. remember how to find the information
11. What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research?
A We are using memory differently.
B. We are becoming more intelligent.
C. We have poorer memories than before.
D. We need a better way to access information.
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是议论文。文章主要讲的是互联网给人类的记忆带来的影响。互联网使用者越来越依赖互联网来储存信息，人们这样做是否会丧失记忆事物的能力呢？专家怀疑互联网可能正在改变人们的记忆内容和方式。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.”专家们想知道，互联网是否正在改变我们的记忆，以及如何改变我们的记忆？这是本文的中心话题。因此推断，作者使用两个问句是为了引出要讨论的话题。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.”可知第一组没有试着记住信息。故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called "transactive memory (交互记忆)"”可知，在交互记忆里，人们记得怎样找到信息。故选D。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing”可知，互联网对人们的记忆产生的影响是它改变了我们使用记忆力的方式。

D
Coffee chains create a lot of waste, from disposable take-away cups to the used grounds that are sent to landfills. Starbucks has started to try recyclable alternatives to the disposable cups. Bui the used coffee is often unnoted.
The world drinks around 2 billion cups of coffee a day, producing 6 million tons of used grounds every year. When they go to landfills, the grounds release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming.
UK Bio-bean has found a way to turn that waste into a valuable resource. At Bio-bean, used coffee grounds are processed to remove paper cups or plastic bags, and then passed through a dryer and a further screening process. They are finally processed into the fuel. Coffee Log.
"Coffee is highly calorific and lends itself to being a really fantastic fuel," says May. director of Bio-bean. "They burn about 20% hotter and 20% longer than wood logs do."
While these fuels release greenhouse gases when burned, if they replace other carbon-based fuels. Bio-bean estimates that the recycling process reduces emissions （排放）by 80% compared with sending the grounds to landfills.
Founded in 2013 Bio-bean grew rapidly, launching coffee collection services across the UK and building the world's first coffee recycling factory only two years later. In 2016 they launched their first product, Coffee Log, and are now ready to launch their first natural flavouring ingredient into the food and drink industry.
“We've really managed to succeed with our innovation because we've managed to get to scale. What started as a good idea is today the UK's largest recycler of coffee grounds. We are turning 7,000 tons of those grounds per year into the fuel," says George May. "Despite being delayed by the COVID-19, we plan to expand our operation into northwestern Europe within the next five years."
12. What do the first two paragraphs suggest?
A. It’s necessary to limit coffee consumption.
B. Drinking coffee is popular around the world.
C. Measures should be taken to recycle coffee waste.
D. Coffee grounds are the main cause of global warming.
13. What is the Bio-bean's Coffee Log?
A. A solid fuel. B. A natural food.
C. A cup of hot coffee. D. A tree trunk.
14. What do we know about Bio-bean?
A. It is a high-tech company with a long history.
B. It is a promising recycler of coffee grounds.
C. It is started to produce coffee and fuels.
D. Il's developing faster than Starbucks.
15. What does the underlined phrase "get to scale" in the last paragraph mean?
A. Give accurate measurement. B. Cover a wide range.
C. Do mass production. D. Classify different grades.
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了英国的Bio-bean 公司回收咖啡渣垃圾，将其开发成咖啡原木燃料，达到了规模化量产，保护了环境。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。文中第一段首句Coffee chains create a lot of waste, from disposable take-away cups to the used grounds that are sent to landfills（咖啡连锁店产生了大量的废物，从一次性的外卖杯子到被送到垃圾填埋场的咖啡渣），以及第二段When they go to landfills, the grounds release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming（当咖啡渣进入垃圾填埋场时，会向大气中释放温室气体，导致全球变暖）可知，前两个自然段中，咖啡垃圾导致的污染以及全球变暖问题已经到了刻不容缓的地步，必须要采取措施来解决这个问题。C选项（Measures should be taken to recycle coffee waste采取措施回收咖啡废料）符合以上推测，故选C项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。由文中第三段最后一句They are finally processed into the fuel.Coffee Log（它们最终被加工成燃料，咖啡原木），以及第四段首句Coffee is highly calorific and lends itself to being a really fantastic fuel（咖啡的热量很高，它本身就是一种非常棒的燃料）可知，在咖啡本身就是燃料，biobean公司将咖啡渣加工成类似于原木的燃料，因此，咖啡原木是一种固体燃料，A选项A solid fuel（一种固体燃料）符合题意，故选A项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。文中第六段Founded in 2013 Bio-bean grew rapidly, launching coffee collection services across the UK and building the world's first coffee recycling factory only two years later.（Bio bean成立于2013年，发展迅速，在英国各地推出咖啡收集服务，仅两年后就建成了世界上第一家咖啡回收工厂）以及文中最后一段What started as a good idea is today the UK's largest recycler of coffee grounds(一开始是个好主意，如今是英国最大的咖啡渣回收商)可知，Bio-bean公司是近几年才成立，是世界第一家咖啡渣回收工厂，而且已经发展成英国最大的咖啡渣回收商。 由此判断出它是一个充满前景的咖啡渣回收商，故选B项。
【15题详解】
词句猜测题。最后一段We've really managed to succeed with our innovation because we've managed to get to scale. What started as a good idea is today the UK's largest recycler of coffee grounds.We are turning 7,000 tons of those grounds per year into the fuel（我们的创新真的成功了，因为我们成功地get to scale。一开始是个好想法，如今是英国最大的咖啡渣回收商。我们每年要把七千吨这些残渣变成燃料）可知，由此判断出，我们的创新真的成功了，达到了规模化生产，C选项Do mass production（大规模生产）符合题意，故选C项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A personal development plan is a way to set goals, gain insight (洞察力)into yourself and your skills, and determine a career or life change. It can be tough to gather motivation and think positively when you are trying to decide where to steer (引导) your life. ____16____
Think of the areas where you receive complains or praise. For example, have you received ill remarks from someone about not being a good listener? ____17____
Ask yourself about the areas in which you have been successful. What do you enjoy doing? ____18____On the other side, consider the things that you have not done well or have not enjoyed.
Write down the final objective for each focus area. Be specific and ambitious.____19____For example, if one focus involves improving your public speaking skills, an action might be to give a 15-minute speech in public.
____20____ Set deadlines for your short-term and long-term goals. When setting the deadline, be ambitious, but also consider the time that you will have.
A. Creat a timeline.
B. Have a good mood.
C. And what have you done well?
D. In addition, include an initial action in each item.
E. Then mapping out a plan and timeline will be beneficial.
F. If you focus on too many areas at a time, you won't be likely to meet the goals.
G. An example of praise might be your boss telling you that you are good at time management.
【答案】16. E 17. G 18. C 19. D 20. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。向我们介绍了如何制定个人发展计划。
【16题详解】
文章开头“A personal development plan is a way to set goals, gain insight (洞察力)into yourself and your skills, and determine a career or life change. (个人发展计划是一种设定目标、深入了解自己和自己的技能、决定职业或生活变化的方法)”提到个人发展计划的用处，上 文“It can be tough to gather motivation and think positively when you are trying to decide where to steer (引导) your life. (当你试图决定如何引导自己的生活时，很难有足够动力并积极思考)”所以此空应该是引出制定个人发展计划，帮助你解决在决定生活方向时，遇到的问题，且下文介绍了制订个人发展规划的步骤，选项E “制定一个计划和时间表将是有益的”项符合语境。故选E。
【17题详解】
上文“Think of the areas where you receive complains or praise. For example, have you received ill remarks from someone about not being a good listener? (想想你收到抱怨或表扬的地方，例如，你有没有收到别人关于你不是一个好的倾听者的恶言？)”提到有人表扬你，有人对你抱怨，且举例说明了受抱怨的事情，G项 “表扬的一个例子可能是你的老板告诉你你擅长时间管理”则举例说明了受表扬的事情，符合语境。故选G。
【18题详解】
根据下文“On the other side, consider the things that you have not done well or have not enjoyed. (另一方面，要想一下自己做得不好或者不喜欢的事情)”可知，C项“还有，你哪些事情做得好呢？”符合上下文逻辑，承接上文的问句，对应下文。故选C。
【19题详解】
上文“Write down the final objective for each focus area. Be specific and ambitious. (写下每个重点领域的最终目标。要具体，要雄心勃勃)”，下文“For example, if one focus involves improving your public speaking skills, an action might be to give a 15-minute speech in public. (例如，如果你重点要提高你的公共演讲技巧，那么一个行动可能是在公共场合发表15分钟的演讲)”，根据上下文可知，除了要设定明确、宏伟的目标外，还要加上每个目标的初步行动，选项D“此外，在每个项目中包含初步行动”，符合语境，也对应上文中的祈使句式，故选D。
【20题详解】
本句为段落主题句，deadline为关键词。空格后的句子“Set deadlines for your short-term and long-term goals. (要为近期和长远目标设定最后期限)”，故A项“设定时间线”，符合段落主题。故选A。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause. Usually, the ___21___ the idea is, the more it gets noticed. And that’s precisely why one ___22___ Frenchman has caught our attention.
Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe, surviving ___23___ on discarded (丢弃) food. The three-month, 1,900-mlle journey from Paris to Warsaw is Dubanchet’s way of raising awareness of food waste in Europe and throughout the world.
As you can ___24___, the trip is no piece of cake. While restaurants throw away tons of food each year, much of it remains inaccessible because of ___25___ garbage containers, health regulations or business policies. Only about one in ten places ___26___ him food that would otherwise be discarded. For legal ___27___, most restaurants have a policy against ___28___ food waste. “Some people have even ___29___ their jobs by giving me food,” Dubanchet said.
What’s ____30____ interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet’s cause. Berlin has been the ____31____ while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen. There, he had to ask at some different stores or restaurants before finding food. The ____32____ is all the more serious when you consider the ____33____ exercise required to bike from France to Poland.
“I have to get food fast because after all the biking I am tired and I need the ____34____,” Dubanchet explained. “Is my ____35____ full or empty? That is the most important thing, not what I am eating.”
He aims to finish his journey by mid-July. With any luck, he’ll turn a few more heads in the process.
21. A. cleverer B. older C. stranger D. simpler
22. A. garbage-eating B. sports-loving C. food-wasting D. law-breaking
23. A. secretly B. finally C. entirely D. probably
24. A. observe B. imagine C. suggest D. remember
25. A. locked B. damaged C. connected D. abandoned
26. A. bought B. offered C. ordered D. sold
27. A. reasons B. rights C. fees D. aids
28. A. begging for B. giving away C. hiding D. causing
29. A. did B. kept C. accepted D. risked
30. A. hardly B. usually C. particularly D. merely
31. A. easiest B. nearest C. biggest D. richest
32. A. competition B. conversation C. conflict D. challenge
33. A. adequate B. rewarding C. demanding D. suitable
34. A. spirit B. energy C. time D. effort
35. A. stomach B. hand C. pocket D. basket
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一位法国人巴普蒂斯特·杜班奇为了引起人们对于浪费粮食的重视，骑自行车穿越欧洲，完全靠丢弃的食物生存的故事。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通常，想法越奇怪，它越容易被注意到。A. cleverer更聪明的；B. older更老的；C. stranger更奇怪的；D. simpler更简单的。根据下文“Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe, surviving ___3___ on discarded food.”以及语境可知，此处表示想法越奇怪，越容易被注意到。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么一个吃垃圾的法国人引起了我们的注意。A. garbage-eating吃垃圾的；B. sports-loving爱好运动的；C. food-wasting浪费食物的；D. law-breaking违法的。根据下文“surviving ___3___ on discarded food”可知，一个吃垃圾的法国人引起了人们的注意。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：巴普蒂斯特·杜班奇骑自行车穿越欧洲，完全靠丢弃的食物生存。A. secretly秘密地；B. finally最终；C. entirely完全地；D. probably可能地。根据下文“on discarded food”可知，此处表示杜班奇完全靠丢弃的食物生存。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如你能想象的，这次旅行不是小菜一碟。A. observe观察；B. imagine想象；C. suggest建议；D. remember记住。根据上文“Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe, surviving ___3___ on discarded food.”以及下文“the trip is no piece of cake”可知，此处表示正如你能想象的，这次旅行并不容易。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管餐馆每年都会扔掉成吨的食物，但由于垃圾桶上锁、卫生法规或商业政策，大部分食物仍然是不可得到的。A. locked锁；B. damaged损坏；C. connected连接；D. abandoned遗弃。根据上文“much of it remains inaccessible”可知，此处表示由于垃圾桶是被锁住的，许多食物仍然是不可得到的。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：只有大约十分之一的地方向他提供原本会被丢弃食物。A. bought购买；B. offered提供；C. ordered订购；D. sold出售。根据下文“For legal ___7___ , most restaurants have a policy against ___8___ food waste.”可知，只有很少的地方会提供原本会被丢弃的食物给杜班奇。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：出于法律原因，大多数餐馆都有禁止赠送食物残羹的政策。A. reasons原因；B. rights权利；C. fees费用；D. aids援助。根据下文“most restaurants have a policy against ___8___ food waste.”可知，此处表示大多数餐馆禁止赠送食物残羹是出于法律原因。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：出于法律原因，大多数餐馆都有禁止赠送食物残羹的政策。A. begging for乞求；B. giving away赠送；C. hiding隐藏；D. causing导致。根据下文“Some people have even ___9___ their jobs by giving me food”可知，大多数餐馆禁止赠送食物残羹。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：杜班奇说：“有些人甚至冒着失去工作的风险给我食物。”。A. did做；B. kept保持；C. accepted接受；D. risked冒险。根据上文“most restaurants have a policy against ___8___ food waste.”可知，有些人给杜班奇食物，是在冒着失去工作的风险。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：特别有趣的是各个城市对杜班奇事件的态度。A. hardly几乎不；B. usually通常；C. particularly特别是；D. merely仅仅。根据下文“interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet’s cause.”可知，此处表示各个城市对杜班奇事件的态度特别有趣。故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：柏林是最容易的，而最困难的是捷克的皮尔森镇。A. easiest最容易的；B. nearest最近的；C. biggest最大的；D. richest最富有的。根据下文“while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen.”可知，此处表示柏林是最容易的。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你考虑到从法国骑自行车到波兰所需的高强度运动时，挑战就更加严峻了。A. competition竞争；B. conversation对话；C. conflict冲突；D. challenge挑战。根据上文“Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe, surviving ___3___ on discarded (丢弃) food.”以及下文“is all the more serious”可知，考虑到运动强度时，杜班奇进行的挑战更严峻了。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当你考虑到从法国骑自行车到波兰所需的高强度运动时，挑战就更加严峻了。A. adequate充足的；B. rewarding值得做的；C. demanding要求高的；D. suitable合适的。根据下文“required to bike from France to Poland”以及常识可知，从法国骑自行车到波兰需要高强度的运动。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：杜班奇解释道：“我必须快速得到食物，因为骑了这么久自行车之后，我很累，我需要能量。”。A. spirit精神；B. energy能量；C. time时间；D. effort努力。根据上文“because after all the biking I am tired”可知，杜班奇骑自行车之后，累了，需要能量。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的胃是满的还是空的？A. stomach胃；B. hand手；C. pocket口袋；D. basket篮子。根据下文“not what I am eating”可知，吃了什么不重要，重要的是胃是满的还是空的。故选A项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A ___36___ (major) of young Chinese are taking scientists such as Yuan Longping, known as “the father of hybrid rice”, as their idols, with many of them ___37___ (want) to pass on their spirit, a recent survey（调查）found.
The nationwide survey, conducted in Beijing by China Youth Daily, interviewed 1,630 people aged 14 to 35 and found that 81% said they ___38___ (encourage) by the stories of the top scientists and wanted to become scientists ___39___ (they).
Yuan died ___40___ the age of 91 in Changsha, Hunan province, on May 22.
The survey also found that the “spirit of scientists” included love for the country and a willingness ___41___ (serve) the people, the courage and efforts to reach ___42___ (science) breakthroughs.
Huang Chong, the head of the social investigation（调查）center at China Youth Daily ___43___ led the survey, said the findings were unexpected.
Huang had not expected to find that in the internet age, ___44___ online celebrities attract much attention and quickly gain fame and benefits, so many young people would want to become scientists-a somewhat low-key occupation that requires long hours of hard work, for which rewards come ___45___ (slow).
【答案】36. majority
37. wanting
38. were encouraged
39. themselves
40. at 41. to serve
42. scientific
43. who##that
44. when 45. slowly
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项调查研究发现大多数年轻人将科学家作为自己的偶像，并且许多人希望将科学家的精神传承下去。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：最近的一项调查发现，大多数中国年轻人都将被称为“杂交水稻之父”的袁隆平等科学家作为自己的偶像，其中许多人希望将他们的精神传承下去。空前有不定冠词A修饰，且空后为介词of，说明空处需要填写名词形式，A majority of修饰名词作主语，表示“大多数”。故填majority。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：句意：最近的一项调查发现，大多数中国年轻人都将被称为“杂交水稻之父”的袁隆平等科学家作为自己的偶像，其中许多人希望将他们的精神传承下去。分析句子结构可知，“with+宾语+宾补”在句中作伴随状语，空处应为宾语补足语，因宾语many of them与want之间为主谓关系，故应该用非谓语的现在分词形式。故填wanting。
【38题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：中国青年报在北京进行的这项全国性调查采访了 1630 名 14 至 35 岁的人，调查发现 81% 的人表示他们深受顶尖科学家故事的激励和鼓舞，并希望自己成为科学家。分析句子结构可知，said后为宾语从句，宾语从句的主语they，设空处为谓语动词。由动词conducted，found和wanted可知，调查是发生在过去的，故设空处谓语动词的时态为一般过去时；结合句意，主语they与encourage之间是动宾关系，应该用被动语态。故填were encouraged。
【39题详解】
考查反身代词。句意：句意：调查发现 81% 的人表示他们深受顶尖科学家故事的激励和鼓舞，并希望自己成为科学家。由句意可知，81% 的人他们希望他们自己能成为科学家。设空处所给提示词为代词they主格形式，需要用其反身代词形式themselves在句中作主语they的同位语，强调主语they，他们希望他们自己能成为科学家。故填themselves。
【40题详解】
考查介词。5月22日，袁隆平在湖南长沙逝世，享年91岁。由句意可知，空处表示“在……岁时”，介词at符合语义。故填at。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：调查还发现，“科学家精神”包括爱国爱民、为人民服务的精神、实现科学突破的勇气和努力。分析句子结构可知，谓语为included，设空处为非谓语作后置定语，修饰名词willingness。在表示意愿、企图、愿望、打算、能力等意义的名词后，一般用非谓语的不定式作后置定语。故填to serve。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意：调查还发现，“科学家精神”包括爱国爱民、为人民服务的精神、实现科学突破的勇气和努力。由句意可知，空处上下文含义为“实现突破科学的勇气和努力”，动词reach后宾语为breakthroughs，空处缺少修饰名词breakthroughs的定语。名词science的形容词形式scientific表示“科学上的；关于科学的”，符合语义。故填scientific。
【43题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：领导此次调查的中国青年报社调查中心负责人黄冲表示，调查结果出人意料。分析句子结构可知，“___8___led the survey”为定语从句，先行词为Huang Chong，且先行词在从句中作主语，指人，应该用关系代词who或者that。故填who或者that。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：黄冲没有料到，在网络时代，当网红备受关注，名利双收的时候，很多年轻人都想成为科学家——这是一个有点低调的职业，需要长时间的努力，因为回报来得很慢。分析句子结构可知，age之后为非限制性定语从句，先行词age表示时间，从句中不缺主语或宾语，意思完整，所以用关系副词when来引导非限制性定语从句，when在从句中作时间状语。故填when。
【45题详解】
考查副词。句意：这是一个有点低调的职业，需要长时间的努力，因为回报来得很慢。分析句子结构可知，逗号后的“for which rewards come ____10____.”为非限制性定语从句，且从句中不缺主干成分齐全，句意完整。结合提示词slow，空处应填写slow的副词形式来修饰动词come，作状语。故填slowly。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华, 你校决定于本周六组织一次湿地公园（the Wetland Park）一日游活动。请你给你班的新西兰留学生Bill写一封电子邮件, 详细告知一日游的计划, 内容要点包括：
1. 集合时间和地点, 交通工具, 返程时间和地点。
2. 湿地公园内计划游览的项目（参观农耕博物馆the Farming Museum, 果蔬采收烹饪, 划船环湖游）
3. 其他注意事项.
注意：1. 词数80词左右； 2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
Dear Bill,
I’m writing to tell you that
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Bill,
I’m writing to tell you that I’d like to invite you to have a picnic in the Wetland Park this Saturday. Would you like to come? You should get there before 10:00a.m.You can take No.25 Bus and get off at the Park Road. Cross the bridge and turn right at the second turning. We will meet you on the grass at the foot of the hill. We will prepare enough food and drinks for you. We will fly kites, row boats/go boating and so on. Besides, we are going to visit the farming Museum, where we pick fruits and vegetables and cooked them by ourselves. I am sure you will have a good time.
Welcome to the park!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求学生给班上的新西兰留学生Bill写一封电子邮件, 详细告知一日游的计划。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般将来时和一般现在时
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1. 集合时间和地点, 交通工具, 返程时间和地点。
2. 湿地公园内计划游览的项目（参观农耕博物馆the Farming Museum, 果蔬采收烹饪, 划船环湖游）
3. 其他注意事项.
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
get off；turn right ； fly kites；at the foot of；have a good time
第三步：连词成句
1.I’m writing to tell you that I’d like to invite you to have a picnic in the Wetland Park this Saturday.
2Would you like to come? You should get there before 10:00a.m.You can take No.25 Bus and get off at the Park Road.
3.Cross the bridge and turn right at the second turning.
4.We will meet you on the grass at the foot of the hill.
5.We will prepare enough food and drinks for you.
6.We will fly kites, row boats/go boating and so on.
7.Besides, we are going to visit the farming Museum, where we pick fruits and vegetables and cooked them by ourselves.
8.I am sure you will have a good time.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.使用表并列补充关系的连词：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including；
2. 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
【点睛】[高分句型1] Besides, we are going to visit the farming Museum, where we pick fruits and vegetables and cooked them by ourselves. where引导非限制性定语从句
[高分句型2] I am sure you will have a good time. sure后是省略that的宾语从句
第二节 读后续写（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Recently I graduated from high school, and as a gift I received a huge hunch of flowers, 40 to be exact! I had so many that I didn't know what to do with them. The next weekend my niece and nephew, Sue and Mike, aged 6 and 7, came and suddenly I had an idea. I might let them give out these flowers to people they met on the street, and in this way they could learn how to be friendly to others. So I told them about my plan and explained that these flowers would make people feel happy and smile. They loved the idea and were eager to have a try. So at once we took every single flower and tied a smile card to it. We then went to the street with the flowers.
The first flower went to a policeman. As soon as she saw the policeman, my niece ran up to him and handed him a flower. His smile was so big, but hers was even bigger!
In no time, we neared the end of our flowers. It was lunch time and we went to Subway for lunch. There the kids gave a flower to the waitress, who was really excited to receive the flower. As we were eating our lunch, the waitress came up to the kids with two big chocolate cookies! She said the chocolate cookies were for them and that she really liked the flower! As they ate the cookies, my niece and nephew looked at me with the biggest smiles I had ever seen.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
With just one flower left, I said it should be given to the person who needed it most.
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It turned out to be a great day for us.
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【答案】With just one flower left, I said it should be given to the person who needed it most. Just then, my nephew caught sight of an old woman in a wheelchair nearby. “I think she’s the very person for the flower. She lives a hard life because of bad health. She needs smiles most,” said my nephew. With these words, my nephew, followed by my niece, took the flower up to her. You can imagine how happy the old woman looked! She smiled, and gave each of the kids a big kiss.
It turned out to be a great day for us. We spread a lot of smiles by giving out flowers, and received a lot of smiles in return. The flowers not only made us feel good about ourselves, but also made 40 other people feel happy. I feel there is nothing more enjoyable than being friendly to people. Meanwhile, the kids learned an important lesson in the process. In fact, they can’t wait until next time they have such a chance again. They want to give out more flowers!
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。
【详解】通过阅读所给文章可知，作者高中毕业时收到了很多鲜花，他打算让侄子侄女们把花送给别人，用这样的方式让他们知道如何对别人友好。
续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：只剩下一朵花了，我说应该给最需要的人……，所以应该写谁是最需要这朵花的人。要详细描述为什么这个人是最需要这朵花的，同时要刻画当这个人收到花时的感受与表现等。第二段开头是：这对我们来说是伟大的一天。本段应该写我和侄子侄女通过送花这件事的感受及明白的道理。
续写时要求短文的词数应为150左右，所以要提前构思，抓住重点，避免长篇大论。
【点睛】续写部分描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句子。如：catch sight of；more…
than；can’t wait ；give out等高级词汇；With these words，followed by my niece复合结构作状语等高级句式。
听力答案：1-20CBCACABCABCCABCBBACB