2021-2022学年山东省滨州市高二下学期期末考试英语试题含解析

这是一份2021-2022学年山东省滨州市高二下学期期末考试英语试题含解析，共29页。

 高二英语试题
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What are the speakers going to do?
A. Wash a car. B. Buy some food. C. Take a flight.
2. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Strangers. B. Tourist and guide. C. Postman and customer.
3. How many tickets for the tennis game do they have in total?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four.
4. What are the speakers probably talking about?
A. The man's mistake. B. The man's job interview. C. The man's future career.
5. What does the man think about the woman?
A. She is careless with money. B. She spends money wisely. C. She needn't buy a new laptop.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Why does the woman apologize to the man?
A. For canceling her travel plan with him.
B. For poorly preparing for their travel.
C. For putting off her job interview.
7. What will Harry probably do this weekend?
A. Cancel his plan. B. Go to Thailand. C. Help Lily with her interview.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. How does the man usually overcome his fear?
A. By walking. B. By shouting. C. By singing.
9. What did the woman do on the stormy night?
A. She stayed up all night. B. She hid somewhere. C. She jumped on the bed.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What size does the man probably wear?
A. Size 39. B. Size 40. C. Size 41.
11 Which color would the man probably like most?
A. Blue. B. Grey. C. Black.
12. What do you know about the darker suit?
A. It is made of an expensive material.
B. It doesn't match the man's skin.
C. It is a little tight in the collar.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Why is the man tired?
A. He has been studying.
B. He has been at work all day.
C. He has been tidying up his apartment.
14. What is Mary now?
A. A student. B. A bank clerk. C. A university professor.
15. What kind of person is the man looking for?
A. A tutor. B. A repairman. C. A cleaner.
16. What will the woman probably do after the conversation?
A. Give her friends a call.
B. Visit the man's new apartment.
C. Give the man her friend's number.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. When will the Student Welfare Office open tomorrow?
A. From about 8 a. m. to 4 p. m.
B. From about 9 a. m. to 8 p. m.
C. From about 4 p. m. to 8 p.m.
18. What benefit can students get with university identity cards?
A. Free textbooks. B. Book sale entry. C. Discounts at some local shops.
19. Where will the book sale be held next week?
A. In the canteen. B. In the library. C. In the Student Welfare Office.
20. What does the speaker advise students to do?
A. Eat at the university canteen.
B. Sign up for the cookery course.
C. Get books on the reading list ready.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Throughout history, countless people have made valuable contributions to astronomy. Here is a list of some of them.
Nicolaus Copernicus
Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus did just one thing. Most scholars, however, think it was the greatest thing ever done in astronomy. Copernicus formulated what’s now called the heliocentric model-he moved Earth from the center of the universe and replaced it with the Sun. He didn’t publish his theory until he was on his deathbed in 1543.
Johannes Kepler
Indeed, German astronomer Johannes Kepler’s laws, especially the first, which states that planets move in ellipses(not circles)—set the stage for the law of universal gravitation. In addition to many years of hard orbital calculations, Kepler also observed a supernova(超新星), now called Kepler’s Nova, in 1604.
Tycho Brahe
Danish astronomer Tycho Ottesen Brahe was history’s greatest pre-telescopic observer. In fact, his careful observations of Mars enabled Kepler to develop his laws of planetary motion. Two of his famous observations were of the supernova that appeared in 1572(now called Tycho’s Nova)and the Great Comet of 1577.
Galileo Galilei
The first lens Galileo made is where optical(光学的)astronomy began. For that reason, Italian astronomer Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de Galilei ranks No.1 on this list. Although he didn’t invent the telescope, Galileo was the first to use it to study the sky: He observed sunspots, the phases of Venus, Saturn’s rings, and the four large moons of Jupiter.
1. Whose research laid the foundation for the law of universal gravitation?
A. Nicolaus Copernicus. B. Johannes Kepler.
C. Tycho Brahe. D. Galileo Galilei.
2. What made Galileo the number one on the list?
A. His observation of Mars. B. His observation of a supernova.
C. The heliocentric theory he proposed. D. The significance of the lens he made.
3. Where can the text be found?
A. In an advertisement. B. In a novel.
C. In a magazine. D. In a biography.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四位对天文学做出重大贡献的人物。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“Indeed, German astronomer Johannes Kepler’s laws, especially the first, which states that planets move in ellipses(not circles)—set the stage for the law of universal gravitation.(事实上，德国天文学家约翰尼斯·开普勒定律，尤其是第一定律，即行星以椭圆形(不是圆形)运动，为万有引力定律奠定了基础。)”可知，开普勒的研究为万有引力定律奠定了基础。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的前两句“The first lens Galileo made is where optical(光学的)astronomy began. For that reason, Italian astronomer Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de Galilei ranks No.1 on this list.(伽利略制造的第一个透镜是光学天文学的开端。出于这个原因，意大利天文学家伽利略·迪·文森佐·博纳尤蒂·德·加利莱伊在这个名单上排名第一。)”可知，伽利略因为制造了第一个透镜预示着光学天文学的开始而在这个名单上排第一。故选D项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Throughout history, countless people have made valuable contributions to astronomy. Here is a list of some of them.(纵观历史，无数人对天文学做出了宝贵的贡献。以下是其中的一些。)”以及下文分别对所列举的人物进行了介绍可知，本文是篇介绍历史上重要人物的文章，应出现在杂志上。故选C项。
B
Nobody knows the value of a good doll better than Jandrisevits. “Dolls have a power we don’t completely understand,” she said. It’s a conclusion she came to while working as a social worker using dolls to help her young clients adapt to their changing medical situations. Many of the kids saw themselves in those dolls. But for the kids missing a limb or who had lost their hair, there were none they could relate to.
So, seven years ago, when a friend revealed that her child was stuck in self-doubt and self-distrust, Jandrisevits, now 49, knew what might help the youth through this potentially challenging period. “It’s hard to tell a kid, ‘You are perfect the way you are,’ and to build self-esteem that way, but never offer them anything that looks like them,” she says.
Jandrisevits went about changing that. She crafted a doll by hand—using fabric, stitching, and markers—that resembled her friend’s child and sent it off. After the friend posted a photo online of the happy child and doll, another woman asked Jandrisevits to make a doll that looked like her baby, who was missing a leg.
Word spread, and soon Jandrisevits was making dolls for children with scars, birthmarks, facial deformities, tracheotomies—in short, a doll that looked like them. She quit her job and started a nonprofit, A Doll Like Me.
Working out of her home in Milwaukee, from photos sent by parents or caregivers, it takes Jandrisevits roughly three days to craft only one doll. A GoFundMe page helps her offset costs and allows her to donate her services. She hasn’t charged for a doll since she began her nonprofit.
In all, she’s made more than 400 dolls. The waiting list is long, but Jandriscvits is unbowed. As she explains on her GoFundMe page, “Every kid, regardless of gender, ethnicity, age, medical issue, or body type, should look into the sweet face of a doll and see their own”.
4. What made Jandrisevits realize the value of dolls?
A. The influence of dolls on her. B. Her working experience.
C. The changing medical situations. D. Her relation to the unlucky kids.
5. What does “that” refer to in paragraph 3?
A. Children’s concern about their looks.
B. The problems faced by the child of a friend.
C. The challenging period the youth are going through.
D. The fact that words alone fail to help build confidence.
6. What can be inferred about Jandrisevits’ making dolls?
A. It targets children with mental problems. B. It is time-consuming but meaningful.
C. It is thought poorly of by people. D. It brings in a good fortune.
7. Which of the following best describes Jandrisevits?
A. Creative and caring. B. Ambitious and devoted.
C. Considerate and sensitive. D. Knowledgeable and generous.
【答案】4 B 5. D 6. B 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是Jandrisevits使用洋娃娃来帮助年轻客户适应不断变化的医疗状况。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“Nobody knows the value of a good doll better than Jandrisevits. “Dolls have a power we don’t completely understand,” she said. It’s a conclusion she came to while working as a social worker using dolls to help her young clients adapt to their changing medical situations.(没有人比詹德里塞维斯更了解一个好娃娃的价值了。“娃娃有一种我们不完全理解的力量，”她说。这是她在做社会工作者时得出的结论，当时她使用洋娃娃来帮助年轻客户适应不断变化的医疗状况。)”可知，让Jandrisevits意识到洋娃娃的价值的是她的工作经验。故选B。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段的“It’s hard to tell a kid, ‘You are perfect the way you are,’ and to build self-esteem that way(对一个孩子说，‘你这样就很完美’，并通过这种方式建立自尊是很难的)”及第三段的“Jandrisevits went about changing that.(Jandrisevits着手改变这种状况)”可知，光靠语言无法建立自尊，所以Jandrisevits通过制作娃娃来改变这种状况。由此推知，that指代的是“光靠言语是无法帮助建立信心的这个事实”，故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“it takes Jandrisevits roughly three days to craft only one doll(Jandrisevits大约花了三天时间制作一个娃娃)”和第一段的“It’s a conclusion she came to while working as a social worker using dolls to help her young clients adapt to their changing medical situations.(这是她在做社会工作者时得出的结论，当时她使用洋娃娃来帮助年轻客户适应不断变化的医疗状况。)”可知，Jandrisevits制作娃娃很耗时间，但很有意义。故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“She crafted a doll by hand—using fabric, stitching, and markers—that resembled her friend’s child and sent it off.(她用布料、针线和马克笔手工制作了一个娃娃，和她朋友的孩子很像，然后送了出去。)”可知，她是有创造力的，即creative；根据第二段的“So, seven years ago, when a friend revealed that her child was stuck in self-doubt and self-distrust, Jandrisevits, now 49, knew what might help the youth through this potentially challenging period.(因此，七年前，当一位朋友透露她的孩子陷入了自我怀疑和自我不信任的困境时，现年49岁的Jandrisevits知道什么可以帮助孩子度过这一充满挑战的时期。)”可知，她很关心那些生病的人，可用caring修饰她，故选A。
C
Benny Kuriakose remembers when his father built the first house in his village in the southern Indian state of Kerala with n concrete roof. It was 1968, and the family was proud to use the material, which was becoming a “status symbol” among villagers.
The Kuriakoses’ experience was an early taste of a phenomenon that, over the next few decades, spread across most of India’s big cities. Many Indian architects abandoned the local traditions that had been developed over thousands of years to cope with the weather extremes of different regions. The thatch (茅草) -roofed houses gave way to a boxy modern style, which resembled the western model.
In the climate change era, that uniformity is looking like a mistake. The solid concrete absorbed heat throughout the day and released it inside at night, making the house sweltering. Large parts of India have been struck by a spring heatwave since April, with temperatures lasting close to 44C for weeks in some places, and topping 49℃ in Delhi this week, making it dangerous to go to work or school. Expanding energy demand for cooling has helped trigger daily blackouts (断电) in cities, and the running of air conditioner units is giving out hot air into streets, worsening the urban heat island effect. As such heatwaves become increasingly common and long-lasting, experts say India’s modern building stock will make it harder for Indians to adapt.
Environmentalists are calling for a fundamental rethink of how India builds its cities. A growing number of sustainability-minded architects arc reviving local approaches. And in February the Indian government attempted to revise urban planning guidelines and investments to train planners to better design cities. Progress is slow, though, says Aromar Revi, director of the Indian Institute for Human Settlements (IIHS). “We need to essentially affect the entire fabric (构造) of our cities, from planning to land use, to building, to transportation systems,” he says. “We are only at the start of that conversation.”
8. What does the passage tell us about buildings with concrete in India?
A They were replaced by traditional thatch-roofed house.
B. They spread quickly to the western countries.
C. They appeared as a response to the local weather.
D. They were designed better than western models.
9. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A. The drawbacks of the concrete buildings.
B. The changeable temperature of Indian cities.
C. Indian’s increasing demand for cooling.
D. The characteristics of the concrete buildings.
10. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. City building relies on famous architects.
B. Local approaches are the best to build a city.
C. Much progress in city planning has been made.
D. People begin to reflect on the way they build their cities.
11. What message does the author seem to convey in the text?
A. Failure results from blind confidence. B. East or west, home is best.
C. What is suitable is the best. D. All good things come to an end.
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了印度人建造混凝土房子，作为身份的象征，但是这种房子却并不适合印度。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Many Indian architects abandoned the local traditions that had been developed over thousands of years to cope with the weather extremes of different regions. The thatch -roofed houses gave way to a boxy modern style, which resembled the western model. (许多印度建筑师放弃了数千年来发展起来的当地传统，以应对不同地区的极端天气。茅草屋顶的房屋被一种方形的现代风格所取代，这种风格类似于西方的模式)”可知，印度的混凝土建筑的出现是作为对当地天气的反应。故选C项。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“The solid concrete absorbed heat throughout the day and released it inside at night, making the house sweltering. Large parts of India have been struck by a spring heatwave since April, with temperatures lasting close to 44C for weeks in some places, and topping 49℃ in Delhi this week, making it dangerous to go to work or school. Expanding energy demand for cooling has helped trigger daily blackouts in cities, and the running of air conditioner units is giving out hot air into streets, worsening the urban heat island effect. (坚固的混凝土白天吸收热量，晚上在室内释放热量，使房子闷热。自4月以来，印度大部分地区遭受了春季热浪袭击，一些地方的温度持续数周接近44摄氏度，本周德里的温度达到49摄氏度，这使得上班或上学很危险。不断扩大的冷却能源需求帮助触发了城市的日常停电，而空调机组的运行正在向街道输送热空气，加剧了城市热岛效应)”可知，混凝土建筑使得房子闷热，导致温度升高，空调的运行加剧了城市热岛效应，本段主要介绍了混凝土建筑的缺点。故选A项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Environmentalists are calling for a fundamental rethink of how India builds its cities. A growing number of sustainability-minded architects arc reviving local approaches.(环保人士呼吁从根本上重新思考印度如何建设城市。越来越多具有可持续发展意识的建筑师正在复兴当地方法)”以及“We need to essentially affect the entire fabric of our cities, from planning to land use, to building, to transportation systems, (我们需要从根本上影响我们城市的整个结构，从规划到土地使用，到建筑，再到交通系统)”可知，人们意识到建造城市的方式有问题，人们开始对此进行反思。故选D项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Many Indian architects abandoned the local traditions that had been developed over thousands of years to cope with the weather extremes of different regions. The thatch -roofed houses gave way to a boxy modern style, which resembled the western model. (许多印度建筑师放弃了数千年来发展起来的当地传统，以应对不同地区的极端天气。茅草屋顶的房屋被一种方形的现代风格所取代，这种风格类似于西方的模式)”、第三段“In the climate change era, that uniformity is looking like a mistake.(在气候变化时代，这种一致性看起来像是一个错误)”以及最后一段“Environmentalists are calling for a fundamental rethink of how India builds its cities. A growing number of sustainability-minded architects arc reviving local approaches.(环保人士呼吁从根本上重新思考印度如何建设城市。越来越多具有可持续发展意识的建筑师正在复兴当地方法)”可知，印度人放弃数千年的当地传统，建造混凝土房子，但是这种房子却并不适合印度，所以作者在文章中传达的信息是“合适的才是最好的”。故选C项。
D
The e-commerce boom has fueled demand for warehouses (仓库). And the increasing demand is mostly linked to online shopping, because Internet shoppers are always expected to provide a wider variety of goods. Vacancy rates (空仓率) have therefore decreased greatly, from 10% across America and Europe a decade ago to just 5% now. In some places, like Toronto and Tokyo, they are below 2%.
The value of existing assets of warehouses is ballooning as a result. This in turn is attracting more investment. However, people’s enthusiasm for building new warehouses is now starting to run up against obstacles. The first is lack of space, especially in densely populated cities. The problem has grown so acute in parts of Germany that delivery lorries operate from sites across the border in Poland and France. High costs, restrictive zoning rules and current rents make it difficult to convert existing properties, such as struggling shopping malls, into distribution centers.
Public hostility to new sites is also growing. Large warehouses are noisy and operate around the clock. Suburban homeowners across America and Europe worry about pollution from lorries. Even where developers promise thousands of jobs, politicians complain that these will be low-skilled, or soon replaced by robots. Five Conservative members have called on Britain’s government, run by their own party, to stop a huge warehouse from being built in south-east England.
Warehouse owners are getting more crentive. Amazon is changing former golf courses in America into distribution centers. The online giant is also converting an empty car park in central London into a delivery hub. Less creatively, developers are raising rents and it’s estimated that they will go up by 6% globally this year. That may upset e-merchants.
12. What do the figures quoted in the first paragraph illustrate?
A. Online shopping is driving the demand for warehouses.
B. A large number of goods are sold at reduced prices.
C. The number of online shoppers has declined.
D. Goods in Toronto and Tokyo are less popular.
13. Why is it hard to turn a struggling shopping mall into a distribution center?
A. Because the shopping mall is not large enough.
B. Because people’s enthusiasm is not high enough.
C. Because delivery truckers don’t like the idea.
D. Because the cost of doing so is high.
14. What does the underlined word “hostility” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Agreement. B. Awareness. C. Opposition. D. Preference.
15. What may make e-merchants feel frustrated?
A Warehouse owners are getting more creative.
B. Some vacant sites are converted into warehouses.
C. It’s harder for them to park in the center of London.
D. Rents for warehouses are rising all over the world.
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是网上购物的发展促进了对仓库的需求，然而公众对仓库的敌意也在增长，仓库老板们变得越来越有创意。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“And the increasing demand is mostly linked to online shopping, because Internet shoppers are always expected to provide a wider variety of goods. Vacancy rates (空仓率) have therefore decreased greatly, from 10% across America and Europe a decade ago to just 5% now. In some places, like Toronto and Tokyo, they are below 2%.(而日益增长的需求大多与网上购物有关，因为网上购物者总是被期望提供更多样化的商品。因此，空置率大幅下降，从十年前的美国和欧洲的10%下降到现在的5%。在一些地方，如多伦多和东京，这一比例低于2%。)”可知，第一段中引用的数字说明了网上购物推动了对仓库的需求。故选A。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“High costs, restrictive zoning rules and current rents make it difficult to convert existing properties, such as struggling shopping malls, into distribution centers.(高昂的成本、限制性的分区规定和目前的租金，使得把现有的物业（比如陷入困境的购物中心）改造成配送中心变得困难。)”可知，把购物中心变成一个配送中心很难是因为这么做的成本很高，故选D。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段的“Large warehouses are noisy and operate around the clock. Suburban homeowners across America and Europe worry about pollution from lorries.(大型仓库昼夜不停，噪音很大。美国和欧洲郊区的房主都担心卡车造成的污染。)”可知，人们应该是反对建仓库，因此划线词hostility的意思是“反对”，和Opposition意思相近，故选C。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“developers are raising rents and it’s estimated that they will go up by 6% globally this year. That may upset e-merchants.(开发商们也在提高租金，据估计，今年全球的租金涨幅将达到6%。这可能会让电子商家感到不安。)”可知，让电子商务商感到沮丧的是世界各地的仓库租金都在上涨。故选D。
第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文、从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A crash helmet is a protective helmet which is designed to prevent head injuries in a crash. Numerous scientific studies have demonstrated that wearing a crash helmet in a crash greatly reduces the risk of injuries. ___16___ In areas where such helmets are not required, they are often in common use among cyclists, motorcyclists, and other individuals who are vulnerable to injuries in crashes.
Helmets have not always looked like the modern, encased units we are used to in today’s world. They were actually fairly simple. ___17___ Whether in professional sports or in daily circumstances, the sole purpose of wearing helmets is to make brain injuries less serious.
Typically, a crash helmet has a hard outer shell which is designed to resist penetration, and a thick foam inner lining. As a general rule, once a crash helmet has been involved in an accident, even if it appears to be in good shape, the integrity of the helmet may have been damaged. ___18___
While crash helmets can have a number of different styles, all of them are designed to cover the head and at least part of the face. It is important to fit a crash helmet properly, so that it does not wiggle or move on the head. ___19___
___20___ In addition to bicyclists and motorcyclists test pilots, stunt drivers, horseback riders, race car drivers, and people who engage in various motocross sports should all wear crash helmets for protection. The use of helmets is also strongly recommended for many sports such as American football and hockey.
A. Therefore, it must be thrown away.
B. Many people can benefit from wearing a crash helmet.
C. The most common motorcycle helmet is the full-face helmet.
D. So crash helmets are required by law in many regions of the world.
E. An ill-fitting helmet will not provide adequate protection in a collision.
F. Football helmets are some of the most recognizable pieces of sports equipment.
G. However, the reason why they are worn has remained the same throughout history.
【答案】16. D 17. G 18. A 19. E 20. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了佩戴碰撞头盔的必要性、原因以及在佩戴头盔时应该注意的问题。
【16题详解】
根据空前“Numerous scientific studies have demonstrated that wearing a crash helmet in a crash greatly reduces the risk of injuries.(大量的科学研究已经证明，在碰撞中佩戴头盔可以大大降低受伤的风险。)”可知此处讲的是佩戴碰撞头盔能减少受伤风险，所以接下来应该讲要怎么做。D项“So crash helmets are required by law in many regions of the world.(因此，世界上许多地区的法律都要求佩戴碰撞头盔。)”承接上文，同时引出下文“In areas where such helmets are not required, they are often in common use among cyclists, motorcyclists, and other individuals who are vulnerable to injuries in crashes.(在不需要这种头盔的地区，它们经常在骑自行车者、摩托车手和其他在车祸中容易受伤的个人中普遍使用。)”，符合上下文语境。故选D项。
【17题详解】
空前“Helmets have not always looked like the modern, encased units we are used to in today’s world. They were actually fairly simple.(头盔看起来并不总是像我们在当今世界所习惯的现代的封闭单位。它们实际上相当简单。)”和下文“Whether in professional sports or in daily circumstances, the sole purpose of wearing helmets is to make brain injuries less serious.(无论是在职业运动中还是在日常生活中，戴头盔的唯一目的都是为了减少脑损伤的严重程度。)”可知，虽然最初的头盔构造很简单但要求佩戴的原因一直以来都是为了减少脑损伤，G项“However, the reason why they are worn has remained the same throughout history.(然而，佩戴它们的原因在历史上一直是一样的。)”承上启下，而且G项中的“However”与上文构成转折关系，符合上下文语境。故选G项。
【18题详解】
根据空前“As a general rule, once a crash helmet has been involved in an accident, even if it appears to be in good shape, the integrity of the helmet may have been damaged.(一般来说，一旦碰撞头盔发生事故，即使它看起来状况良好，头盔的完整性也可能受到损坏。)”可知头盔在遭受碰撞之后其安全性及完整性有可能遭到破坏，所以接下来应该讲的是对于遭受碰撞的头盔我们该怎么对待，A项“Therefore, it must be thrown away.(因此，它应该被扔掉。)”给出了解决方案，与上文承接紧密，而且A项中的“it”指代前文所提到的遭受碰撞的头盔，符合上下文语境。故选A项。
【19题详解】
根据空前“It is important to fit a crash helmet properly, so that it does not wiggle or move on the head.(正确地安装碰撞头盔是很重要的，这样它就不会在头部摆动或移动。)”可知我们要正确地安装头盔，所以接下来应该讲如果不正确安装头盔会有什么样的后果，E项“An ill-fitting helmet will not provide adequate protection in a collision.(不合适的头盔在碰撞时不能提供足够的保护。)”讲明了安装不合适的头盔可能带来的不良后果，承接上文，符合上下文语境。故选E项。
【20题详解】
根据空后“In addition to bicyclists and motorcyclists, test pilots, stunt drivers, horseback riders, race car drivers, and people who engage in various motocross sports should all wear crash helmets for protection.(除了骑自行车和摩托车手，试飞员、特技司机、骑马骑手、赛车手和参加各种摩托车越野赛的人都应该戴碰撞头盔来保护。)”可知本段讲的是佩戴头盔的必要性，空处位于段首，应是本段的主旨句，所以空处应该讲的是必须佩戴头盔的原因，B项“Many people can benefit from wearing a crash helmet.(许多人都可以从戴着碰撞头盔中受益。)”说明了佩戴头盔对我们的好处，符合上下文语境。故选B项。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节；满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I have used this idea a few times. Sending someone flowers, without signing the card or___21___ in any way who they are from, is interesting and amazing. The most ___22___ part of this act is that the receivers will think about all the people who care about them when they try to ___23___ who might send the flowers.
I ___24___ clearly the first time I did this. The ___25___ was just to make Roy smile, but I did not add my ___26___ on the blessing card. He had a warm heart though he was not good at talking. When I was new, he gave me lots of ___27___ about my work and did all that he can to help me through my ___28___ years.
I ___29___ to get his birthday from colleagues with some effort. I just wanted him to know he was thought about. The ____30____ of not signing the card was beyond expectation.
The whole office started to talk about Roy’s flowers as everyone tried to find out the ____31____. He himself also joined the ranks of the searching team. He ____32____ his shyness and made contacts he had been putting off for a long time to see if they had sent the flowers.
____33____, Roy found out it was me. The surprised smile on his face showed that he didn’t ____34____ I would send him flowers. But he still expressed his ____35____ for my flowers and card. And I said it’s I that should thank him for his help, which brought smiles to both of our faces.
21. A. pretending B. discovering C. indicating D. knowing
22. A. complex B. meaningful C. reasonable D. confusing
23. A. bring up B. make sure C. hear from D. figure out
24. A. remember B. record C. plan D. imagine
25. A. ambition B. question C. intention D. application
26. A. signature B. address C. wish D. status
27. A. inspections B. instructions C. information D. introduction
28. A. inspiring B. wonderful C. incredible D. initial
29. A. managed B. happened C. hesitated D. longed
30. A. purpose B. result C. assessment D. commitment
31. A. seller B. helper C. sender D. maker
32. A. mentioned B. realized C. hid D. overcame
33. A. Willingly B. Ultimately C. Fortunately D. Absolutely
34. A. confirm B. notice C. expect D. conclude
35. A. appreciation B. enthusiasm C. excuse D. apology
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者通过匿名送花给身边的人来给他们制造惊喜，也想让他们知道他们是受到关注的。送花既表达了作者对曾经帮助过他的人的感谢，也温暖了那些收到花的人。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：给别人送花，却不在卡片上签名，也不指明是谁送的，这既有趣又神奇。A. pretending假装；B. discovering发现；C. indicating表明；D. knowing知道。根据后文“The most 2 part of this act is that the receivers will think about all the people who care about them when they try to 3 who might send the flowers.”可知，收到花的人不知道谁给他们送花，因此作者在送花时，既没有在卡片写自己的名字，也不指明是他送的。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一行为最有意义的部分是，当接收者试图弄清楚谁会送花时，他们会想到所有关心他们的人。A. complex复杂的；B. meaningful有意义的；C. reasonable合理的；D. confusing令人疑惑的。根据后文“the receivers will think about all the people who care about them when they try to 3 who might send the flowers.”可知，收到花的人会想关心他们的人中会有谁送花，而这正是做这件事最有意义的部分，能让他们知道有人在关心他们。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：这一行为最有意义的部分是，当接收者试图弄清楚谁会送花时，他们会想到所有关心他们的人。A. bring up抚养，提出；B. make sure确保；C. hear from收到……的信；D. figure out弄清楚。根据前文“the receivers will think about all the people who care about them”以及后文“The whole office started to talk about Roy’s flowers as everyone tried to find out the 11 .”可知，收到花的人会把所有可能的人都猜个遍，就是想弄清楚是谁给他们送的花。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我清楚地记得我第一次这样做。A. remember记得；B. record记录；C. plan计划；D. imagine想象。根据后文“The 5 was just to make Roy smile, but I did not add my 6 on the blessing card. He had a warm heart though he was not good at talking.”可知，此处作者在回忆第一次这样做的情形，再结合前文的“clearly”可知，作者对这件事印象深刻，记得很清楚。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这么做的目的是想让罗伊笑一笑，但我没有在祝福卡上签名。A. ambition雄心；B. question问题；C. intention目的；D. application应用。根据后文“was just to make Roy smile”可知，作者送花给罗伊就是想让他开心，因此送花的目的就是让他笑笑。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这么做的目的是想让罗伊笑一笑，但我没有在祝福卡上签名。A. signature签名；B. address地址；C. wish愿望；D. status地位。根据后文“The 10 of not signing the card was beyond expectation.”可知，作者没有在祝福卡片上留自己名字。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我刚来的时候，他给了我很多关于我工作的指示，并尽他所能帮助我度过最初的几年。A. inspections检查；B. instructions用法说明，指示；C. information信息；D. introduction介绍。根据前文“When I was new”可知，作者刚来的时候，什么都不了解，所以罗伊给作者在工作上的指示和帮助。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我刚来的时候，他给了我很多关于我工作的指示，并尽他所能帮助我度过最初的几年。A. inspiring鼓舞人心的；B. wonderful精彩的；C. incredible不可思议的；D. initial最初的。根据前文“When I was new”可知，作者是在刚来那几年得到了罗伊的帮助，罗伊给作者在工作上的指导。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过一番努力，我设法从同事那里了解到了他什么时候过生日。A. managed管理，经营；B. happened发生；C. hesitated犹豫；D. longed渴望。根据后文“I just wanted him to know he was thought about.”可知，作者为了让罗伊感受到他被关注而设法从同事那里获得他生日的相关信息。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有在卡片上签名的结果出乎意料。A. purpose目的；B. result结果；C. assessment评估；D. commitment承诺，保证。根据后文“The whole office started to talk about Roy’s flowers as everyone tried to find out the 11 . He himself also joined the ranks of the searching team.”可知，作者匿名送花后引发大家对是谁送的花的热烈讨论，都想找出送花者，而罗伊本人也想知道是谁送花给他。因此，这个结果是作者料想不到的。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：整个办公室开始谈论罗伊的花，因为每个人都试图找出送花人。A. seller卖家；B. helper帮手；C. sender发送者；D. maker制作者。根据后文“He himself also joined the ranks of the searching team.”可知，罗伊加入大家一起来找出是谁送的花。故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他克服了自己的羞怯，联系了那些他很久没有联系的人，看看是否是他们送来的鲜花。A. mentioned提到；B. realized意识到；C. hid躲藏；D. overcame克服。根据后文“made contacts he had been putting off for a long time to see if they had sent the flowers.”可知，为了找出送花者，罗伊联系了好久没有联系过的人，因此可知他克服了他的羞怯。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，罗伊发现是我送的花。A. Willingly乐意地；B. Ultimately最终地；C. Fortunately幸运地；D. Absolutely绝对地。根据前文“He 12 his shyness and made contacts he had been putting off for a long time to see if they had sent the flowers.”可知，罗伊是通过了一番努力后才知道是我送的花，因此是终于知道了送花者是我。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他脸上惊讶的笑容表明他没想到我会给他送花。A. confirm确认；B. notice注意；C. expect预料；D. conclude总结。根据前文“The surprised smile on his face”可知，当罗伊知道是我送的花时，他感到很惊讶，因此他没有料想到我会送花给他。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是他还是对我送的花和卡片表示感谢。A. appreciation感激；B. enthusiasm热情；C. excuse借口；D. apology道歉。根据后文“And I said it’s I that should thank him for his help, which brought smiles to both of our faces.”可知，作者受到罗伊的感谢。故选A项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
___36___ (bear) in Jilin, a northeastern Chinese province where temperatures can remain below freezing for half of the year, Su Yiming first ___37___ (step) on a snowboard around age three, with the support of his parents. By six, Su was leaving his parents behind in the snow when they snowboarded together. His wonderful performance on the snow was ___38___ pushed him under the spotlight in 2014, after the celebrated director Tsui Hark cast him in his action movie The Taking of Tiger Mountain, after watching a video of young Su skiing. In the movie, Su helps lead a team of soldiers to ___39___ (safe) after they lose their way on a snowy mountain. He then appeared in several more television dramas, one of them alongside Xiao Zhan.
In 2018, Su Yiming, a 14-year-old native of northeastern China, ___40___ (face) with a difficult decision: Pursue a ___41___ (promise) career as an actor, or go all in on snowboarding, in a country where most people had never seen a snowboard. At the time,Su was fast becoming ___42___ household name in China’s film industry. But ___43___ the 2022 Winter Olympics approaching, the teenager saw an opportunity. He decided to ___44___ (temporary) put his acting career on hold. Three days short of his 18th birthday, Su took gold in the big air snowboarding event, ____45____ (write) history for the Olympic host nation by winning the country’s first gold medal in the event.
【答案】36. Born
37. stepped
38. what 39. safety
40. was faced
41. promising
42. a 43. with
44. temporarily
45. writing
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了2022年冬奥会金牌获得者苏翊鸣的故事。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：苏翊鸣出生在中国东北部的吉林省，那里的气温有半年可以保持在零度以下，在父母的支持下，他在三岁左右第一次踏上滑雪板。分析句子结构，空处作非谓语动词，be born in表示“出生于”，作状语时去掉be动词即可，过去分词形式born置于句首，首字母大写。故填Born。
【37题详解】
考查时态。句意：苏翊鸣出生在中国东北部的吉林省，那里的气温有半年可以保持在零度以下，在父母的支持下，他在三岁左右第一次踏上滑雪板。根据句中around age three可知，句子描述过去的情况，应用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式。故填stepped。
【38题详解】
考查表语从句。句意：2014年，在观看了小苏滑雪的视频后，著名导演徐克让他在动作片《智取威虎山》中扮演角色，他在雪地上的精彩表演使他成为众人瞩目的焦点。分析句子结构，空处引导表语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“什么”，应用what引导从句。故填what。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：在电影中，苏帮助带领一队在雪山上迷路的士兵前往安全地带。空处作介词to的宾语，应用名词safety，表示“安全地带”，符合句意。故填safety。
【40题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：2018年，14岁的东北人苏翊鸣面临着一个艰难的决定：要么追求一个有前途的演员职业，要么全身心投入到滑雪运动中，在一个大多数人从未见过滑雪板的国家。根据时间状语in 2008可知，句子应用一般过去时，be faced with为固定短语，表示“面对，面临”，主语Su Yiming是单数，be动词应用was。故填was faced。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：2018年，14岁的东北人苏翊鸣面临着一个艰难的决定：要么追求一个有前途的演员职业，要么全身心投入到滑雪运动中，在一个大多数人从未见过滑雪板的国家。空处修饰名词career，应用形容词形式作定语，promising是形容词，表示“有前途的，有希望的”，符合句意。故填promising。
【42题详解】
考查冠词。句意：当时，苏在中国电影界迅速成为家喻户晓的人物。结合语意，此处泛指一个家喻户晓的人物，应用不定冠词，household是辅音音素开头的单词，前边应用a。故填a。
【43题详解】
考查介词。句意：但随着2022年冬奥会的临近，这位青少年看到了一个机会。分析句子结构，空处应用介词with，表示伴随，符合句意。故填with。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：他决定暂时搁置他的演艺事业。空处修饰动词put，应用副词形式作状语，temporarily是副词，表示“暂时地”。故填temporarily。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：距离18岁生日还有三天，苏在单板滑雪男子大跳台项目上夺得金牌，为奥运会主办国创造了历史，获得了该项目的第一枚金牌。分析句子结构，空处作非谓语动词，苏翊鸣获得金牌，自然而然的结果是为奥运会主办国创造了历史，所以空处应用现在分词形式作结果状语。故填writing。
第四部分 写作（共两节；满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，你所在的学校将在暑假开展英语名著阅读活动。请给外教Mr. Hanks写封邮件，邀请他来学校参加阅读活动的启动仪式（opening ceremony）。邮件内容包括：
1. 仪式的时间、地点；
2. 请他推荐书目并进行阅读指导；
3. 表示感谢。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Mr. Hanks,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours Sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mr. Hanks,
Our school will launch an activity named English Classics Reading during the summer vacation. And I’m writing to invite you to take part in the opening ceremony.
This ceremony will be held in the auditorium of our school on July 15. During the ceremony, students are encouraged to share their favorite English materials and compare notes about them with each other. So proper reading materials and methods are in great need. As a native speaker, you must know what reading materials appeal to current youngsters. I’d appreciate it if you could recommend some books to us. If you can give some reading instructions to us, I believe we can even benefit a lot.
Hope to hear from you soon.
Yours.
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生按照提示给外教Mr. Hanks写封邮件，邀请他来学校参加阅读活动的启动仪式（opening ceremony）。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参加：take part in→participate in
适当的：proper→appropriate
对……有吸引力：appeal to→be attractive to
相信：believe→be convinced
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句： So proper reading materials and methods are in great need.
拓展句：So what we need badly are proper reading materials and methods.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
As a native speaker, you must know what reading materials appeal to current youngsters. (运用了what引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2]
If you can give some reading instructions to us, I believe we can even benefit a lot. (运用了if引导的条件状语从句)
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As the late afternoon sun beat down on his farm, Brandon finished feeding his cows, his two sons, Louie, 6, and Everett, 3, tagging along.
As they headed for the house, the two boys ran ahead of their father. Louie paused at a water spigot (水龙头) above an old well to relieve his thirst. Unluckily, the board covering the well failed to support his weight and Louie fell into the well. Brandon had just closed the gate when he turned around and saw only his younger son.
“Where’s Louie?” he shouted. "He fell in the hole!" Everett said.
Brandon, 37, quickly realized what had happened. Noooo! he thought. Louie can barely swim!
Instinctively, he jumped in. As he fell some 70 feet down the 24-inch-wide brick-lined well, Brandon heard Louie screaming. A moment later, Brandon hit the freezing water at the bottom of the well. He popped his head out of the water and grabbed Louie, who was panicked. Brandon lifted his son onto his chest as he tried to stay afloat in the water that was too deep for either of them to stand. Looking around, Brandon quickly realized there was only one way out. Looking up to see Everett peering down at them from the top of the well, Brandon shouted, “Everett, you’re going to have to be a big boy and save us. Run to the road and stand by the mailbox until someone stops. Tell them we need help.”
Everett did as he was told.
Five minutes. Ten minutes. Minutes passed like hours as Brandon, holding his shivering (颤抖的) son, continued to arch his back and brace his shoulders and legs against the well’s brick walls. Finally, Everett's face appeared above the well.
“Everett, did you get some help?”
“No.”
Brandon’s heart sank. “That’s OK, honey. But you have to go back out to the road and get someone to stop. OK, Everett?”
“OK, Daddy.”
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Fifteen minutes later, the boy noticed two farmers driving by.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Fortunately, they were both fine except for some scratches.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Fifteen minutes later, the boy noticed two farmers driving by. Everett shouted for help at them. Hearing the accident from Everett, they picked him up and sped to the well where Louise fell. Upon arrival, one farmer quickly jumped off the truck and grabbed a long thick rope. Then he and the other farmer rushed to the well. “Brandon,” he shouted, “We’re going to send a rope down to you.”“OK, I’ll send Louie up first”, Brandon shouted back, freezing down there. With the rope tied around, the boy was pulled up first. Then Brandon was pulled up too.
Fortunately, they were both fine except for some scratches. However, because of fear, Brandon collapsed on the ground. Struggling to his feet, Brandon hugged two man tightly, whispering“You save our lives! Thank you!” For him, words couldn’t express his gratitude for their timely rescue. “Daddy!” Everett and Louie cried, rushing to Brandon. He held them tightly in arms, cherishing them like never before, and tears welled up in the eyes of this tough guy.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索，讲述了布兰登喂完牛后，带两个儿子路易和埃弗雷特一起回家。当他们朝房子走去时，两个男孩跑在他们父亲的前面。路易踩在覆盖在井上的木板上，由于木板老化，他掉进了井里。由于路易几乎不会游泳，布兰登立即跳入井里救他。但因为水太深，两人无法站立，无法逃出。布兰登让井口的埃弗雷特去找人求助。埃弗雷特答应了，立即跑向马路，最后获救的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由一段首句内容“十五分钟后，男孩注意到两个农民开车经过”可知，第一段可描写埃弗雷特向两个农民求解，这两个农民是怎样对布兰登和埃弗雷特进行救援的。
②由第二段首句内容“幸运的是，他们俩都很好，只是有些擦伤”可知，第二段可描写布兰登获救后对两个农民进行感谢，并更加珍惜两个儿子。
2.续写线索：掉入井里——寻找救援——路易获救——继续救援——布兰登获救——感谢——更加珍惜家人
3.词汇激活
行为类
①在到达时：upon arrival/as soon as sb. arrive(arrives/arrived)
②抓住：grab/catch hold of
③拥抱：hug/embrace
情绪类
①感激：gratitude/appreciation
②珍惜某人：cherish sb./love sb. dearly
【点睛】【高分句型1】 Hearing the accident from Everett, they picked him up and sped to the well where Louise fell.（由where引导限定性定语从句）
【高分句型2】He held them tightly in arms, cherishing them like never before, and tears welled up in the eyes of this tough guy.（由现在分词在句中作伴随状语）
听力答案：1-5 CABBA 6-10 ABCBC 11-15 АCCAB 16-20 CBCAB