人教版八年级英语上册--Unit 2　How often do you exercise单元同步重难点词语语法讲练

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Unit 2 How often do you exercise?
一、词汇精讲
1. maybe
maybe是副词，意思是“也许，可能”，在句中作状语，相当于perhaps，常位于句首。 例如：
Maybe she’ll come this afternoon. 她可能今天下午来。
Maybe you put the letter in your pockets. 大概你把信放在衣袋里了。
【拓展】
（1）maybe和may be的辨析：
maybe是副词，而在may be中，may是情态动词，be是动词原形，两者构成完整的谓语形式，与主语形成系表结构，意为“也许是、可能是”。 例如：
I can’t find my watch. It may be in your pocket.
我找不到我的手表了，它可能在你的口袋里。
He may be a soldier. 他可能是军人。
（2）maybe和may be可相互转换。 例如：
He may be in the office. = Maybe he is in the office. 他或许在办公室。
You may be right. = Maybe you are right. 你或许是对的。
2. although
although的意思相当于though，意为“尽管，虽然”，用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不能与并列连词but; and; so等连用，但可以和yet; still等词连用。例如：
Although he lives alone, he doesn’t feel lonely.= He lives alone, but he doesn’t feel lonely.
虽然他一个人住，但他并不感到孤独。
There is air all around us, although we cannot see it.
虽然我们看不见空气，但空气却存在于我们的周围。
【拓展】although与though的辨析：
（1）用作连词，表示“虽然”，二者可以互换使用，但although比though更为正式。
例如：
Though/Although it was raining, we still went there.
虽然下着雨，但我们还是去了那里。
（2）although一般不用作副词，而though可用作副词，且一般放在句末（不放在句首），意为“可是，不过”。例如：
It’s hard work; I enjoy it, though. 工作很辛苦，可是我很喜欢。
We all tried our best. We lost the game, though.
我们都尽了最大努力，但我们还是输了。
（3）在as though(好像，仿佛)，even though(即使，纵然)等固定短语中不能用although。例如：
He talks as though he knows everything. 他夸夸其谈，好像无所不知。
3. die
die是动词，意为“死亡”，是短暂性动作，常用于过去时中，过去式为died。例如：
Plants and people will die without water. 没有水，植物和人都会死。
His father died two years ago. 他的父亲两年前去世的。
【拓展】die有多个变形词：
词条
词性
词义
所作成分
用法
dead
形容词
死了的，无生命的
表语、定语
可以与段时间连用
die
动词
死，死亡
谓语
不能与段时间连用
death
名词
死亡，去世
主语、宾语

dying
形容词
垂死的，即将死去的
表语、定语

例如：The tree has been dead for ten years. 这棵树死了10年了。
She looked at her dead cat sadly. 她伤心地看着她死去的猫。
My grandpa died two years ago. 我爷爷两年前去世了。
The fish will die without water. 鱼离开水会死去。
Car accidents have caused a lot of deaths. 车祸造成很多人死亡。
The doctors have saved the dying man. 医生们救活了那个垂死的人。
4. however＆but
however和 but都意为“可是，但是”；但是用法不同。
（1）however不能直接连接两个分句，必须另起新句，并用逗号隔开。例如：
It was raining hard. However, we went out to look for the boy.
雨下得很大，然而我们还是出去寻找那个孩子。
（2）but是并列连词，连接两个并列分句，后面不用逗号，前后两句在总的意义上构成了对比。例如：
I really don't like cheese, but I will try just a little this time.
我实在是不喜欢吃奶酪，但是这次我要尝一点。
（3）however比but用的场合更正式, 因此however用于书面语,而but 常用于口语。另外, however的意思还不只局限于“但是;然而”，它还有其他的用法。例如：
However hard I worked, she was never satisfied.
无论我多么努力地工作，她从来没满意过。
However did you get here without a car?
没有汽车你究竟是怎样来的呢?
5. hardly＆hard
hardly和hard形式上很接近，但意义截然不同。
（1）hardly是表频率的副词，意为“几乎不；几乎没有”，相当于almost not。例如：
There is hardly any coffee left.= There’s almost no coffee left. 几乎没有剩余的咖啡了。
（2）hard作形容词时，意为“困难的；硬的；勤奋的；严厉的；苛刻的”。hard作副词时常用来表示程度，意为“努力地；猛烈地；剧烈地”。例如：
This ground is too hard to dig. 这块地太硬，挖不动。
They tried hard to succeed. 他们努力工作，以求得成功。
【拓展】常见的表示频度的副词：
（1）always 的频度为100%，表示动作重复、状态继续，中间没有间断，意思是“总是”、“永远地”。例如：
The sun always rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳总是东升西落。
（2）usually 的频度为70%左右，意为“通常”、“平常”，即很少有例外。例如：
He usually goes to bed at ten o’clock. 他通常10点钟睡觉。
（3）often 的频度为50%左右，意为“常常”，但不如usually那么频繁，表示动作重复，中间有间断。例如：
He is often late for school. 他上学经常迟到。
（4）sometimes 的频度为20%左右，意为“有时”，表示动作偶尔发生。可以位于句首，以示强调。例如：
It is sometimes hot and sometimes cold. 天气忽冷忽热。
　　　　　 Sometimes he does it this way and sometimes he does it that way.
他有时这样做，有时那样做。
（5）hardly ever 的频度为5%左右，意为“几乎不”、“偶尔”。例如：
I hardly ever go out these days. 这些天我几乎不出门。
（6）never 的频度为0，意为“从来不”、“永不”。 例如：
　　 My parents are never late for work. 我父母上班从来不迟到。
6. exercise
　 （1）作不及物动词，意为“锻炼、运动”。例如：
－How often do you exercise? 你多久锻炼一次？
　　 －I exercise every day. 我每天都锻炼。
（2）作不可数名词，意为“锻炼、运动”，常与动词take连用。例如：
Exercise makes me keep healthy. 运动使我保持健康。
（3）作可数名词，意为“练习；操”。例如：
We do morning exercises every day. 我们每天做早操。
We do English exercises to help us learn English well. 我们做英语练习以便学好英语。
　 7. health
health为名词，意为“健康”，其形容形式为healthy，意为“健康的”。unhealthy意为“不健康的，是healthy的反义词。healthily是“健康地”，是副词。
在名词词尾加y构成形容词，类似的词还有：
rain—rainy 雨—下雨的 sun—sunny 太阳—晴朗的
luck—lucky 幸运—幸运的 wind—windy 风—刮风的
8. once / twice
once“一次”，twice“两次”，在英语中三次或三次以上通常用“基数词+times”表示，time在这里为可数名词，意为“次数”，复数加s。例如：
I wash my face twice a day. 我每天洗两次脸。
He has been there four times. 他去过那里四次。
二、句式精讲
1. How often do you have piano lessons?
how often意为“多久一次”，常用于对时间频率的提问。例如：
How often do you watch TV? 你多久看一次电视？
How often do your parents visit your grandparents? 你的父母多久看一次你的祖父母？
【拓展】
词语
词义
用法
答语特征
how long
多久
询问时间多久
for/about+一段时间
how often
多久一次
询问动作的频率
often, twice a week等
how soon
多快，过多久
询问时间多快
in+ 一段时间
how far
多远
询问距离多远
ten minutes’ walk
how many
多少
询问可数名词数量
数词+可数名词复数
how much
多少
询问不可数名词数量
数词+表示量的词+不可数名词
多少钱
询问价格
数词+钱
2. But do you want to come?
（1）want意为“想要”后可接名词或不定式，构成want to do sth. 意为“想要做某事”；
want sb. to do sth. 意为“想要某人做某事”。例如：
Do you want to join us? 你想加入到我们中吗？
He wants me to help him. 他想要我帮他。
（2）want的用法还有：want sth.，意为“想要什么”。 例如：
She wants a cup of tea. 她想要一杯茶。
【拓展】
want后接动词不定式时，相当于would like；因此want (sb.) to do sth.=would like (sb.) to do sth. 例如：
I wanted to go swimming. = I would like to go swimming. 我想游泳。
3. She says it’s good for my health.
be good for意为“对……有好处，对……有益处”，介词for后接名词或代词。其反义词为be bad for，意为“对……有害处”。例如：
Junk food is not good for our health. 垃圾食品对我们的健康没有好处。
Smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害。
【拓展】
（1）be good to“对……好”，其反义短语为be bad to“对……不好”。介词to之后一般接表示人的名词或代词。例如：
She is very good to us. 她对我们很好。
The boss is bad to his workers.那个老板对他的工人不好。
（2）be good at“在……方面擅长”，介词at后面常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，同义短语为do well in。例如：
She is good at English and Chinese. = She does well in English and Chinese.
她擅长英语和汉语。
（3）be good with“和……相处得好；擅于和……相处”。例如：
Are you good with children?你和孩子们相处得好吗？
4. It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows…
It is/was + adj. + to do sth. 意为“做某事是……的”，to do sth.为句子的真正的主语，而it为形式主语，形式主语不能用别的词来代替，句中可在形容词后加for sb.，意为“对于某人来说，做某事是……的”。例如：
It’s important for us to learn a foreign language. 对我们来说，学习一门外语是相当重要的。
It’s necessary for us to eat more fruit and vegetables. 对我们来说，多吃蔬菜和水果是必要的。
【拓展】
这个句型中的for sb.有时也可以用of sb. 二者意义有区别：
（1）在It’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 中，for sb.意为“对某人来说”，句中的形容词是用来说明to do sth.的，形式主语只能用it。例如：
It’s necessary for the students to do some housework.
对于学生们来说，做些家务是十分必要的。
（2）在It’s + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 中of sb. 意为“某人……”，句中形容词可与逻辑主语sb. 构成系表结构，即形容词是用来说明或形容sb.（某人）的。例如：
It’s very kind of you to help us. 你能帮助我们真是太好了。
5. Exercise such as playing sports is fun…
such as用来列举多个事物，一般不全部列出，插在被列举事物与前面的名词之间。
例如：
The farm grows all kinds of crops, such as rice, wheat and cotton.
这个农场种植各种各样的庄稼，例如，稻谷、小麦和棉花。
【拓展】
for example“例如”，可以作为独立语插入句中，不影响句子其他部分的语法关系，用以列举某一个人或事。例如：
A lot of children, for example, Tom likes drinking tea. 很多小孩，例如Tom喜欢喝茶。
三、词汇精练
Ⅰ. 根据首字母提示和句意补全单词。
1. She is a good girl. H_____, she has some bad habits, too.
2. Only two p______ of them use the Internet every day.
3. A______ many students like to watch sports, game shows are the most popular.
4. I have dance class o_____ a week, every Monday.
5. How often do you eat j_____ food?
Ⅱ. 用括号中单词的正确形式填空。
1. Though he has studied ______(hard) at English for a long time, he can still _____(hard) speak the language.
2. _____(sometime) I get a letter from him.
3. You’d better do morning _____(exercise) every day. It’s good to have lots of_____(exercise).
4. I want to go_____ (shop).
5. Her eating habits help her keep ______(health).
Ⅲ. 用die的正确形式填空。
1. His father’s __________ made him very sad.
2. He has been _______ for 2 years.
3. He _______ 2 years ago.
4. The old man is ________.He has something to say to his sons.
5. The_______(die) of the pet dog made the girl very sad.
Ⅳ. 选词填空。
Sometimes, always, often, hardly, ever, never
1. Tom can’t swim, so he ______ goes swimming.
2. Mom ______ gets up first, seven days a week.
3. _______ I go to school by bus, but usually walk to school.
4. －How______ does your mother shop?
－Once a week.
5. The man is too tired and he could ______ keep on walking.
health, healthy, healthily, unhealthy


6. The old man is very _________.
7. Vegetables are ________ food.
8. We should eat ________.
9. Eating more fruit is good for your ________.
10. I am ________ because I hardly ever exercise.
maybe，may be
11. ______ he is a teacher.
12. He ______ a teacher.
V. 听力链接。
情景反应。听下面5个句子，从A、B、C三个选项中选择一个恰当的应答语。每个句子读两遍。现在你有20秒钟时间浏览各个选项。
6. A. Thank you. B. No, it isn’t. C. It's OK.
7. A. Hello! B. Congratulations! C. See you!
8. A. You, too. B. Sure. C. Just a little.
9. A. It’s too big. B. You can't miss it. C. It’s over there.
10. A. Sorry to hear that. B. Well done! C. You'd better not.
四、句式精练
Ⅰ. 句型转换。
1. I sometimes read storybooks at home. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ do you read storybooks at home?
2. My sister watches TV twice a week. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ ______ your sister watch TV?
3. I exercise two hours a day. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ ______ do you exercise a day?
4. She eats junk food once a week. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ ______ does she eat junk food a week?
5. I will be back in a month. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ will you be back?
6. She exercised yesterday. (用every day改写)
She _______ ______ _______.
7. They often go to the movies on weekends. (就划线部分提问)
_______ ______ they often ______ on weekends?
8. Why don’t you come to see me? （改为同义句）
_______ _______ come to see me?
9. He goes shopping on Sundays. (改为否定句)
He _______ _______ ________ on Sundays.
10. I want you to come to my party. (改为同义句)
I _______ _______ _______ to come to my party.
Ⅱ. 根据句意完成下列句子，每空一词。
1. 你必须尽量少吃垃圾食品。
You must _______ _______ _______ less junk food.
2. 例如，他就是个好学生。
He, ______ ______ , is a good student.
3. 他说多锻炼对健康有好处。
He says more exercise _______ _______ _______ health.
4. 这个农场种植各种各样的庄稼，例如，麦子、玉米、棉花和稻米。
The farm grows various kinds of crops, ______ ______wheat, corn, cotton and rice.
5. 如果你想要保持健康，就应该少吃肉。
If you _______ _______ keep healthy, you should eat less meat.
6. 你父亲多久锻炼一次？
_______ _______ does your father exercise?
7. 他周末几乎从来没有逛过街。
He _______ _______ goes shopping on weekends.
8. 我今晚想要去看电影。
I _______ _______ go to the movie tonight.
9. 对于学生们来说，做些家务是十分必要的。
It’s_______ for the students ______ ______ some housework.
10. 露西，你周末通常干什么？
_______ do you ______ _____on ______, Lucy?
Ⅲ. 补全对话。
根据对话内容，从方框内所给的选项中选出最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余项。
A. Would you like to watch it?
B. What about you, Eric?
C. No, I wasn’t.
D. The team from No.2 Middle School.
E. When shall we meet?
F. Yes, I am.
G. How are we going there?
A: Hi, Peter. We haven't seen for several days. How’s it going?
B: Not bad. 1
A: Pretty good! Are you free this Sunday afternoon?
B: 2 What’s up?
A: There is going to be a basketball match in our school. 3
B: Yes, of course. But which team is our school going to play against?
A: 4
B: Really? I think our team is very strong. Perhaps we will win the match.
A: But I hear that their team is strong, too.
B: I’m sure it must be a wonderful match.
A: I think so. 5
B: Let's meet in the playground at 3:00 pm.
A: OK. See you then.
B: See you.
1.______ 2.______ 3.______ 4. ______5. _____
五、综合能力演练
I. 单项选择。
1. －How often ______ she exercise?
－Twice a week.
A. do 　　B. does　　C. doing　　D. did
2. My brother has ______ friends.
A. a lots of B. a lot C. lots of D. lot of
3. ______ I have the healthy habit, ______ I’m not very healthy
A. Although, but B. Although, / C. Although, so D. But, /
4. My father eats enough vegetables, and now he is ________ good health.
　 A. at 　 B. for 　 C. in 　 D. with
5. Miss Yang likes movies, but she ________ goes to the movies. She doesn’t have enough 　　time.
　 A. always　 B. often 　 C. usually 　 D. hardly ever
6. －How ______ milk would you like?
－One kilo.
A. many B. much C. heavy D. often
7. －Do you think eating too much food is ________ us?
　－I don’t think so. We should do some exercise, I think.
A. good for 　 B. good to 　 C. bad for 　 D. bad to
8. －Why did you sleep so late yesterday?
　 －Because I wanted ________ today’s math test.
　A. study 　 B. study for 　 C. to study 　 D. to study for
9. Eating lots of vegetables and enough meat can ________ you healthy all the time.
　　A. make 　 B. get 　 C. keep 　 D. stay
10. － _______ do you go shopping?
－Every day.
　　A. How often 　　　B. How many 　　　　C. When 　　　　 D. How long
11. He hardly ever _______ sports news _______ TV on Sunday evening.
A. watch; in B. watches; on C. watching; on D. is watching; on
12. Li Lei works in England. He comes to China ________.
A. three time a year 　　　　B. three times a year
C. three times year　　　　　D. three time year
13. These days Mrs. Li looks _______ healthy.
　 A. nice 　　　B. pretty 　　　　C. heavy 　　　　D. cool
14. Mother wants me_______ English every day.
A. to read 　　　　B. reads 　　　　C. reading 　　　　D. read
15. The twins’ uncle ______ every day.
A. exercise B. exercises C. is exercise D. is exercises
[真题链接]
1. —Where shall we eat tonight?

　　—Let’s call Harry. He _______ knows the best places to go.
　　A. only B. nearly C. seldom D. always
2. －Tina, breakfast is ready. Dad cooked it for us.
－It can’t have been Father. He ______ early on Sundays.
A. always gets up 　 B. often got up C. had got up 　　　D. never gets up
3. －How often do you go skating?
—________. I can’t skate at all.
A. Always B. Sometimes C. Seldom D. Never
II. 完形填空。
　 Ted exercises every day after school. He usually 1 basketball with his classmates in the school. Sometimes he plays games. His 2 game is playing cards. He 3 goes home before 7:00 p.m. His mother often says he 4 have supper on time, so she hopes Ted can 5 home at 5:50 p.m. Ted says he is very 6 . He drinks milk in the morning, eats vegetables 7 noon and fruit in the afternoon. He usually 8 supper at 7:15 p.m. Then he does his homework. 9 he goes to bed, he always watches TV for half an hour. He 10 he has a healthy lifestyle.
1. A. play B. plays C. played D. is playing
2. A. best B. favorite C. worst D. bad
3. A. often B. usually C. always D. hardly ever
4. A. can B. could C. shall D. should
5. A. get B. get to C. arrive in D. reach at
6. A. happy B. sad C. healthy D. unhealthy
7. A. in B. in the C. at the D. at
8. A. do B. does C. has D. have
9. A. When B. Before C. After D. While
10. A. hopes B. thinks C. looks D. sees
III. 阅读理解。
A
There is an old saying：Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy，wealthy and wise．It means we should go to bed early and get up early next morning．By doing this，we will be in good health．And we'll be rich and clever．It is true that our bodies need to have a ten-hour sleep every night．Those who do not have enough sleep can't do their work well．They will not be clever and they may not be wealthy in the future.
The body needs exercise as well．Walking，running，jumping，riding bikes and playing games are all exercise．Exercise helps to keep the body strong and fit．It also helps the blood(血液)to move around inside the body．The blood takes food to all parts of the body．The head needs blood，too．So exercise helps people to think better．
1．What does the word“rise”mean?
A．To do exercise． B．To get up． C．To stand up． D．To put up．
2．If children don’t sleep for 10 hours，they may ______．
A．not be late for school B．become wise
C．do badly in their work D．become rich
3．A person needs exercise because _______．
A．it makes him healthy B．he has a lot of work to do
C．he is strong D．he does exercise
4．Which of the following is NOT true?
A．Exercise is good{or people’s sleep．
B．It's good for you to go to bed early and get up early．
C．If you have enough blood，you will be wise．
D．A student should have 10 hours' sleep a day．
5．“Wealthy” here means _______．
A．healthy B．rich C．strong D．happy
B
Everyone knows that exercise is important. We all need to exercise. Doctors say it is good for us. It makes your heart and body strong. Children who often exercise are more alert(灵活).
There are many ways to exercise. You can walk, run, swim, skate, or play ball games. Make sure you exercise in the following ways: you have to like what you’re doing. Exercise enough but not too much. It’s best to exercise twice each week. Thirty minutes each time is enough. Try all kinds of things until you find one, two or even three sports that feel right for you.
You can exercise at fitness centers. They have a lot of equipment(装备) there. The equipment will help exercise your arms, legs and other parts of your body to make you fit. Some people buy equipment for their homes. But it is very expensive.
Exercising can be fun. Friends can exercise together at a fitness center, or they can play sports together. How do you exercise?
6. In the passage, the writer tells us that we all need to _________.
A. sleep B. exercise C. work D. study
7. Which of the following sports is NOT mentioned(提到) in the passage?
A. Fishing. B. Running. C. Walking. D. Swimming.
8. Doctors say exercising makes your body _________.
A. healthy B. fat C. weak D. thin
9. _________ is enough for exercising.
A. Once a week B. Twice a week C. Three times a week D. Four times a week
10. The phrase “fitness centers” in the passage means _________.
A. 商务中心 B. 健身中心 C. 医疗中心 D. 娱乐中心
C
阅读下面一篇短文，判断下列句子是否符合短文内容，符合的用“A”表示，不符合的用“B”表示。
When we talked about NBA, many people will think of Yao Ming. There is no doubt that Yao Ming is a Chinese hero. On October 16, 2013, Yao Ming announced(宣布) he would open the NBA Yao School. This was really exciting news!
Looking at the name of the school, many people would think that the school is going to train NBA talents. But that is not the truth. The NBA Yao School provides after-school basketball training and health programs. Its students include boys and girls over 16 years old who are very good at playing basketball. The school aims to teach the importance of teamwork, leadership(领导素养) and communication in a fun basketball environment.
Yao is quite glad to be a part of the school, because it has always been his dream to positively(积极地) influence young people’s life through sports.
Now, basketball fans in China are looking forward to getting basketball training, and the NBA Yao School is a great choice. In the school, students have chances to meet NBA stars. The stars can offer suggestions on how to play basketball well.
The school’s first program opened at the Wukesong Basketball Park in February, 2014. If you want to know more information about the school, you can visit www.nbayao.com.
11. The children under 16 years old can’t be students in the NBA Yao School.
12. The school provides only after-school basketball training programs..
13. Yao Ming opened the NBA Yao School on October 16, 2013.
14. The school aims to teach the students how to play basketball.
15. The students there have chances to meet NBA stars and learn something from them.
IV. 书面表达。
假设你是赵华，你的笔友Frank对中国人的饮食很感兴趣。下面是你常吃的食物和常喝 的饮品。请你写一封60词左右的信，告诉Frank 你每周一日三餐的大致饮食情况。信的开头和结尾已写出来，不计入总字数。
What you drink and eat
milk，pork or beef，rice，fish，noodles，vegetables，bread，fruit
提示：1．你一日三餐吃什么? 为什么?
2．适当使用表示“频率”的词或短语。
Dear Frank，
I’m glad to hear that you’re interested in__________________________________________
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