人教版九年级英语全册--Unit 6 When was it invented？单元词语语句语法精讲练

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Unit 6 When was it invented？
一、词汇精讲
1. invent
（1）invent 作动词，意为“发明；创造”。例如：
Edison invented the light bulb. 爱迪生发明了电灯。
（2）invent还可以表示“虚构”。例如：
The whole story was invented. 整个故事是虚构的。
（3） invent的名词形式有两个，一个是inventor（发明者；发明家），另一个是invention（发明物）。例如：
Edison is a great inventor in history. 爱迪生是历史上伟大的发明家。
Human history is also a history of great inventions. 人类的历史也是一个伟大发明的历史。
【拓展】
invent和discover辨析
（1）invent 意为“发明，发明之物”指“从无到有”。例如：
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔在1876年发明了电话。
（2）discover 意为“发现”，指“本来就已经存在，但不为人知”的事物。例如：
Columbus discovered America in 1492. 哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。
2. for example
for example意为“例如”，强调“举例”说明，而且一般只举同类人或物中的一个作为插入语，且用逗号隔开。for example可置于句首、句中或句末。例如：
There are many kinds of pollution, for example, noise is a kind of pollution.
有许多种污染方式，例如噪音就是一种污染。
Many students like playing computer games，for example，Mike.
许多学生喜欢玩电脑游戏，比如迈克。
【拓展】
such as意为“例如”，用来“罗列”同类人或物中的几个例子，可置于被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，但such as后边不能用逗号。例如：
Many of the English programs are welcome, such as Follow Me, Follow Me to Science.
其中有许多英语节目很受欢迎，例如《跟我学》《跟我学科学》。
English is spoken in many countries, such as Australia, Canada and so on.
许多国家说英语，如澳大利亚和加拿大等。
3. popular
（1） popular作形容词，意为“流行的，受人欢迎的”。常用短语为be popular with，意为“受……的欢迎。例如：
The most popular sport is football. 最流行的运动是足球。
He is popular with our classmates. 他在我们班里有人缘。
（2）popular作形容词，意为“民众的;大众的”。例如：
Popular education is one of our major objectives.
民众教育是我们的主要目标之一。
He speaks in popular language. 他用通俗的语言讲话。
【拓展】
popularity作名词，意为“普及,流行;大众化”。例如：
Golf has gained popularity among the wealthy in my country.
高尔夫球已在我国富有的人中流行起来。
The popularity of private cars is changing the people’s life style.
私家车的普及正在改变着人们的生活方式。
4. remain
（1）remain用作不及物动词,意为“剩下、留下、呆在”,相当于stay。 例如：
When the others had gone, Joan remained (=stayed) to clean the room.
别人走了,琼留下来清扫房间。
Only a few leaves remained (=were still) on the tree.
树上只剩下几片叶子了。
The Smiths remained there all through the year.
史密斯一家人在那里呆了整整一年。
The soldiers were ordered to remain where they were.
士兵们接到命令呆在原地。
（2）remain作连系动词,意为“一直保持,仍然处于某种状态中”。例如：
Peter became a manager but John remained a worker.
彼得当上了经理,但约翰仍然是一个工人。
Whatever great progress you have made, you should remain modest.
无论你取得了多么大的进步,你都应一直保持谦虚。
The shop remains open until 11 at night.
这个商店一直营业到晚上十一点。
Whether it will be good to us remains to be seen.
这是否对我们有好处,还有待观察。
5. smell
smell作名词，表示“气味”。smell作连系动词，意为“闻、嗅”，后面常用形容词作表语。
例如：
What’s the pleasant smell? 香味是什么？
The dumplings smell nice. 这些水饺闻起来很好。
【拓展】　　
（1）look，sound，smell，taste，feel这五个动词都与人的感觉有关，可称之为“感官”动词。这五个动词均可作连系动词，后面接形容词作表语，说明主语所处的状态。其意思分别为“看/听/闻/尝/摸起来……”。除look之外，其它几个动词的主语往往是物，而不是人。
例如：
The old man looks very happy. 那个老人看起来很幸福。
These flowers smell very sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。
The tomatoes feel very soft. 这些西红柿摸起来很软。
（2）look，sound，smell，taste，feel这些动词后面也可接介词like短语，like后面常用名词。
例如：
Her idea sounds like fun. 她的主意听起来很有趣。
6.take place
take place常用于历史事件或会议的发生，以及化学、物理变化，有事先预料或计划的意思，即“计划发生”。例如：
The party took place yesterday evening. 昨晚举办了晚会。
Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years.
我们家乡在过去的十年里发生了巨大的变化。
【拓展】　
happen指具体客观事物的发生，常有偶然性，未能预见性，即“偶然发生”。happen和take place均为不及物动词，无被动语态。
(1) 表示“某地/某时发生了什么事”，常用“sth. + happened + 时间/地点”这一结构，此时主语应该是物。例如：
The story happened in 2008. 这个故事发生在2008年。
An accident happened in that street. 那条街上发生了一起事故。
(2) 表示“某人出了某事（常指不好的事）”要用“sth. + happened + to sb.”这一结构。例如：
A car accident happened to her this morning. 今天上午她出了车祸。
What happened to you? 你怎么啦？
(3) 表示“某人碰巧做某事”要用“sb. + happened + to do sth.”这一结构。例如：
I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday.
昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。
7.boil
boil作动词，意为“使……煮沸，使……烧开”。例如：
I stood in the kitchen, waiting for the water to boil.
我站在厨房，等着水烧开。
【拓展】　
(1) boiling作形容词，表示 “炎热的; 沸腾的”。例如：
When everybody else is boiling hot, I’m freezing!
当其他所有人都酷热难耐时，我却冻得够呛！
Placing an egg into a huge pan full of boiling water isn’t easy either.
把蛋丢进一口装满开水大锅也不是容易的事。
（2）boiled作形容词，表示“煮过的；煮熟的”。例如：
I’d like to drink a glass of cool boiled water. 我想喝一杯凉开水。
8. achieve
( 1）achieve作及物动词，意为“完成,实现”。例如：
You will never achieve anything if you spend your time that way.
你若总是这样消磨时间,就永远不会有所成就。
Everybody should be given the chance to achieve their aims.
要让每个人都有机会实现自己的目标。
No one can achieve anything without effort.
谁也不可能不努力而有所作为。
（2）achieve作及物动词，意为“达到,赢得”。例如：
The actor achieved fame when he was only nineteen.
那位演员十九岁时就成名了。
She achieved no success. 她没有获得成功。
【拓展】
achievement作名词，意为“成就,成绩”。例如：
The invention of the computer is a great achievement.
发明电脑是一大成就。
9. pleasure
pleasure作名词,指“愉快的事,乐趣”。
It’s a pleasure to meet you. 见到你很快乐。
It’s my pleasure. 不客气(接受道谢时回答)。
【拓展】
(1) pleased作形容词，指外物作用于感官,使人感到“高兴、满意”,常见的结构为：be pleased+不定式或从句, be pleased with, be pleased at (about)。例如：
I’m very pleased with the performance. 我很满意这次表演。
We’re pleased about (at) your success. 对于你的成功我们很满意。
I’m quite pleased that she has got such a good chance.
我很高兴她得到这样一个好的机会。
(2) pleasant作形容词，意为“令人愉快的,讨人喜欢的”。例如：
They spent a very pleasant afternoon in the hills.
他们在山上度过一个令人舒心的下午。
Spring weather is pleasant. 春天的天气让人心旷神怡。
二、句式精讲
1. When was it invented？
…was invented …句意为“某物被发明……”，是被动句式。例如：
The abacus was invented in the sixteenth century by the Chinese.
算盘在十六世纪由中国人发明的。
Who was the light bulb invented by？灯泡是由谁发明的？
【拓展】
被动语态的结构是：主语+be done（及物动词的过去分词），be是随人称和时态变化而变化的。
（1）一般现在时的被动语态：am/ is/ are done 例如：
The blackboard is cleaned by the students every class.
黑板每节课都被学生擦干净。
（2）一般过去时的被动语态：was/ were done 例如：
The computer was invented last century.
电脑是上个世纪被发明的。
（3）一般将来时的被动语态：shall/will be done 例如：
A new school will be built in our village next year.
明年一所新的学校将在我们村庄建设。
（4）现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are being done 例如：
A sports meeting is being held in our school now.
运动会正在我们学校举行。
（5）现在完成时的被动语态：have/has been done 例如：
All of the work has been finished since I came here.
自从我来这里以来，所有的工作都已经完成。
（6）含有情态动词的被动语态：can/may/must/should be done 例如：
Your homework must be handed in after school.
你们的家庭作业必须在放学后交上。
（7）复合宾语的被动语态：原来的句子是“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语”，在变被动语态的时候只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语变为被动语态的主语补足语。主动语态中宾语补足语是省掉to的不定式时，在被动语态中需要还原to。
They heard her sing an English song at the party.
他们在晚会上听到她唱了一首英语歌。
变为被动语态是：She was heard to sing an English song at the party.
2. But at that time, it wasn’t used widely.
sth. be used…是被动语态句式，表示“某物被使用……”。常用如下搭配：
（1）be used for 意思是“被用来做某事”，for是介词，它的后面用名词或者动名词作宾语。例如：
　 Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用来割东西的。
（2）be used as意思是“被作为……使用”，as是介词，意思是“作为”。 它强调被当作工具或者手段来使用。例如：
Our classroom is used as a reading-room.
我们的教室被用来当阅览室使用。
（3）be used by意思是“被……使用”，by后面跟人或者物，表示强调动作的使用者。
　 This radio is often used by my mother.
这台收音机经常被我的妈妈使用。
（4）be used to do something意思是“被用来做某事”，和be used for doing是同义词短语。
It is used for learning English.＝It is used to learn English.
它是被用来学习英语的。
3. It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was…
It is said that…是一个固定搭配的句型，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。它的
思是“据说……”。例如：
It is said that Mary is very happy in London. （主语从句）
= They say that Mary is very happy in London.（宾语从句）
据说玛丽在伦敦是非常幸福的。
【拓展】
另外类似的句型有：It is believed…（人们相信），It is reported that …（据报道），It is supposed that… （据猜测）。例如：
It is believed that on December 21st,1981, the first basketball game in history was played.
人们相信历史上首次篮球比赛是在1891年12月21日举行的。
It is supposed that there is no life on the moon.
据推测月球上是没有生命的。
It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.
据报道又有一颗卫星上天了。
4. In England, tea didn’t appear until around 1660, but…
until意为“直到……”，有下列用法：
（1）作介词，后接时间名词，在句中作时间状语。作连词，后接从句，引导时间状语从句。
例如：
She stayed there until 9 o’clock. 她一直等到9点钟。
We waited until the rain stopped. 我们等到雨停了。
(2) until用在肯定句中，多与持续性的动词连用。如：stand/wait/stay等，表示主句动作的终止时间。
(3) until可用于否定句中，即not…until…意为“直到……才”，常与非延续性动词连用。如：open/start/leave/arrive等，强调主句动作开始的时间。例如：
The child didn’t go to bed until his father came back.
直到父亲回来，那个孩子才睡觉。
5. Basketball has not only become a popular sport to play, but it has also become…
（1）not only...but also的意思是“不但……而且……”，连接两个并列成分，如果连接两个主语的时候，谓语动词和also后面的主语保持一致。
Not only my mother but also I like to go to the garden.
不仅妈妈而且我也喜欢去花园。
（2）以not only…but also 开头的句子往往引起倒装。
Not only did he complain about the food, but he refused to pay for it.
他不仅抱怨饭不好吃，而且拒绝付饭钱。
三、词汇精练
I.根据句意及首字母提示补全句子。
1. This kind of camera is p_______ in an American factory.
2. A few pears r________ on the trees.
3. Can you name the four famous i________ in ancient China？
4. The song is very p________ on the Internet.
5. Lu Xun was one of the greatest writers in the 20th c_________ of China.
6. His laziness makes it impossible for him to a______ success.
7. Here’s some b______ water, and have a drink whenever you’re thirsty.
8. Every time when we m______ this teacher, their students are very proud.
II. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Julie Thompson is the ___________ (invent) of battery-operated slippers.
2. There are some green ___________ (leaf) on the tree.
3. His paintings is very _________(create).
4. This trip was very ___________ (please). Everyone had a good time.
5. I think the soup tastes quite _________ (salt).
6. Do you know the tea was _______ (invent) by a Chinese man？
7. Have you _______ (notice) that big sign on the wall? What’s the meaning of it?
8. This new kind of train was _______ (produce) by our own country.
9.Zheng Chenggong is a great ______(nation) hero in Chinese history.
10. When we got to the park, we found the rubbish was _______ (throw) everywhere.
III. 选用pleasant, pleased, pleasure填空。
1. It was a ____________ surprise.
2. I went to Rome for __________, not on business.
3. I’ll be _________ to lend you the book.
4. That movie isn’t __________ to see.
5. It gives me great __________ to grow flowers.
6.  He showed her around the city with _________.
7. She was __________ with her new room.
8. —Would you hold this for a moment?
—With ___________.
IV. 用方框内所给单词的适当形式完成短文。
learn, help, much, happy, teach, attitude, how
Have you ever had problems in your life that got in the way of your happiness? If so, you will find Being a Happy Teenager by Australian writer Andrew Matthews (1) _______. In his book, Matthews tells us（2）_______ to have a happy life, and answers some common questions teenagers have.
The book says we should stop being angry. The book also (3)_______ us some useful skills such as how to put what you have learnt into mental (心理的) pictures to make your memory better.
Success comes from a good（4）_______. Some schoolboys have problems such as being too tall or too short. But Matthews tells us（5）________ comes from thinking about things in a positive way. If you are tall, people notice you, and you can get a good view at the movie; if you are short, your clothes and shoes won’t take too much room in your bedroom! This is Matthews’ most important lesson: You can（6）_______ to be happy!
V. 听力链接。
听对话，记录关键信息。对话你将听两遍。
请根据所听到的对话内容和提示词语，将所缺的关键信息填写在相应位置上。
Sunny Taxi Service
Taxi Reservation
Name: Brent 1.
Phone Number: 2.
Time: Before 3. o’clock 4. 15th
Place: From 5. Inn to the airport









【参考答案】
I. 根据句意及首字母提示补全句子。
1. produced 2. remain 3. inventions 4. popular
5. century 6. achieve 7. boiled 8.mention
II. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. inventor 2. leaves 3. creative 4. pleasant 5. salty
6.invented 7.noticed 8.produced 9. national 10.thrown
III. 选用pleasant, pleased, pleasure填空。
1. pleasant 2.  pleasure 3.  pleased 4.  pleasant 5. pleasure
6. pleasure 7. pleased 8.   pleasure
IV. 用方框内所给单词的适当形式完成短文。
1. helpful 2. how 3. teaches 4. attitude 5. happiness 6. learn
V. 听力链接。
答案：
1. Washburn 2. 73729232 3. 9/ nine 4. July 5. Holiday
原文：
W: Sunny Taxi Service. Can I help you?
M: I’d like a taxi for July 15th.
W: OK, July 15th. Where to, sir?
M: To the airport.
W: What time do you want it, sir?
M: Well, how long does it take from Holiday Inn?
W: About 45 minutes.
M: My plane takes off at 11:30 in the morning. Can you send a taxi here no later than 9 o’clock?
W: No problem. Before 9 o’clock, July 15th. By that time the rush hour is over. I think the taxi can get you from Holiday Inn to the airport in time. May I have your name, please?
M: Brent Washburn. W-a-s-h-b-u-r-n, Washburn.
W: A minute, please. W-a-s-h-b-u-r-n. OK. One more thing. Could you please leave your phone number?
M: 7372-9232.
W: 7372-9232. All right. Thank you for calling.　　
四、句式精练
I.被动语态句式变换。
1. My mother made this skirt last month.（改为被动语态）
This shirt _________ _________ by my mother last month.
2. Li Lei asked me to go to his birthday party.（改为被动语态）
I ________ _________ to go to Li Lei’s birthday party.
3. What do people use the pen to do? （改为被动语态）
What ______ the pen ______ to do by people?
4. Many books have been sent to the Hope School in that village.（改为主动语态）
We _______ ________ many books to the Hope School in that village.
5. The workers were made to finish the work at once by the manager. （改为主动语态）
The manager ______ the workers ______ the work at once.
II. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。
1.这是由谁发明的？
Who ______ ______ ______ by ?
2.你的手机是国产的吗？
______ your mobile phone _______ ______ China?
3.这个孤儿将由一位女士照顾。
This orphan ______ ______ ______ ______ _______by a lady.
4.我们被分成了两个小组。
We ______ _______ _______ two groups.
5.直到他明天回来我才能告诉他。
I won’t tell him _______ he _______ back tomorrow.
6.英语被作为一种重要的工作语言使用。
English is ________ ________ an important working language.
7.冰不够厚，不能滑冰。
The ice wasn’t _________ ________ for you to skate on.
8.他不仅学习努力,而且认真工作。
He not _______ studies hard _______ also works well.
9. 据说她很有成功的把握。
_______ _______ _______she is quite sure of success.
III. 按要求完成下列句子。
1. This sign means cars and buses mustn’t turn right here.（对划线部分提问）
_________ ________ this sign mean?
2. The telephone was invented before the car.（改为同义句）
The car was invented ________ ________ ________.
3. This boy is not old enough to go to school.（改为同义句）
This boy is ___________ __________ to go to school.
4. I prefer oranges to apples.（改为同义句）
I _________ ________ oranges __________ _________ apples.
5. Taking exercise often can make you healthy. ( 改为同义句)
It’s _______ _______ your health _______take exercise often.
6. The man made his baby laugh. （改为同义句）
The baby was ________ _______ _______.
IV. 补全对话。
根据对话内容，从方框中选择适当的选项补全对话，其中有两项为多余选项。
A. Don’t you think it’s a little silly?
B. I’m reading a book called Yu Gong Moves a Mountain(愚公移山).
C. That’s better and faster than moving a mountain.
D. In my opinion, it’s really interesting.
E. Do you prefer to read stories?
F. I still don’t agree with you.
G. How about you?
Emma：What are you doing, Li Lin?
Li Lin： 1
Emma：I have read it before. What do you think of the story?
Li Lin: 2 Yu Gong found a good way to deal with his problem.
Emma：Really? 3 It seems impossible to move a mountain.
Li Lin：But the story is trying to show us that anything is possible if you work hard. Yu Gong kept trying and didn't give up.
Emma： 4 I think we should try to find other ways to deal with a problem.
Li Lin：But what could Yu Gong do except moving the mountains.
Emma：He could build a road. 5
Li Lin：We have different opinions about the story. There’re many sides to a story and
many ways to understand it.
Emma： Yes, that’s fine.
【参考答案】
I.被动语态句式变换。
1. was made 2. was asked 3. is; used 4. have sent 5. made; finish
II. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。
1. was it invented 2.Is; made in 3.will be taken care of
4. were divided into 5.until; comes 6. used as
7. thick enough 8. only，but 9. It is said
III. 按要求完成下列句子。
1. What does 2. after the telephone 3. too young
4. would like，rather than 5.good for, to 6. made to laugh
IV.补全对话。
1. B 2. D 3. A 4. F 5.C
五、 综合能力演练
I. 单项选择。
1. It ______ that they will have the final exam next week.
A. believe B. believes C. is believed D. believed
2. The boy is used to ______ in the foreign country.
　　A. to work 　　　B. work　　　 C. study　　　 D. studying
3. The blackboard ______ just now. Do you know who did it?
　　A. cleaned 　　　B. was cleaning　　　 C. has cleaned　　　 D. was cleaned
4. Your brother was noticed ______ other’s homework just now.
　　A. copy 　　　B. to copy　　　 C. copying　　　 D. copies
5. That house is not ______ , so we have _______ to buy it.
　　A. enough big; enough money 　　　B. big enough；enough money
　　C. enough big; money enough 　　　D. much big; many money
6. The wedding of Prince William was held in Westminster Cathedral ______ April 29, 2011.
A. at B. in C. on D. by
7. The stamps are used for _____ letters.
　　A. to send 　　　B. sends 　　　C. sending　　　 D. sent
8. That big machine _____ by the young people in the factory.
　　A. operate 　　　B. operation 　　　C. is operating 　　　D. is operated
9. The light bulb was _____ by the great ____ Edison.
　　A. invention; inventor 　　　B. invented; inventor
　　C. inventor; invented　　　D. invention; invention
10. I am sorry I took your pens and books _____ yesterday.
　　A. by mistake 　　　B. by chance 　　　C. by heart 　　　D. by choice
11. Can you tell me _____ the train was invented?
　　A. what　　　 B. who　　　 C. when 　　　D. which
12. Rice is grown in South China _____ farmers.
A. by 　　　　B. in 　　　　C. with　　　　 D. for
13. A year can __________ twelve months.
A. divide into B. be divided into C. divide from D. be divided from
14. —Would you help me clean up the classroom，Bill？
—________.
A. Yes, quite right
B. Never mind
C. That’s all right
D. Sure, with pleasure
15. The cookies ______ good. Could I have more?
A. taste B. smells C. feel D. sound
【真题链接】
1. Mike is ______, but his brother Sam is much ______.
A. heavy; heavier B. heavy; heaviest C. heavier; heaviest D. heavier; the heaviest
2. Look! Laura is getting the first place. ______ fast runner she is!
A. How B. What C. How a D. What a
3. You must make sure your tea is not too hot ______ you drink it.
A. before B. after C. since D. while
Ⅱ. 完形填空。
Today some people call Amsterdam the “City of Bicycles” because it is a city which is flat and convenient for bicycles.
In the 1960s, a group of cycling fans 1 an idea. They believed that it would be better for everybody if only bicycles were allowed in the city centre. They were 2 that this would help so save energy, reduce pollution and provide free public transport. The group painted hundreds of bicycles 3 and placed them in public places around Amsterdam for people to use. 4 was allowed to take them and use them for short journeys, whether he was a local or a foreigner. Wherever someone finished a journey, they would 5 the bike there for someone else to use. The problem was that it didn’t work— 6 took all the bicycles within weeks!
7 more than thirty years later, the “white bike” is back in town—this time with a computer chip(芯片) to 8 its every move! To take a bicycle, you have to put a special card inside. The new “White bike” is not white any more but is an unusual 9 with bright colours. The bikes are parked at special parking places and people who want to use them have to take them to another place that has enough room.
There is already less traffic in central Amsterdam, 10 both locals and tourists have been using the white bikes. Thanks to the good ideas of lots of people, like the cycling fans in the 1960s, many people around the world have been enjoying city centre streets without cars for many years.
1. A. stole B. had C. refused D. dropped
2. A. thoughtful B. helpful C. hopeful D. thankful
3. A. black B. brown C. blue D. white
4. A. Anyone B. Everyone C. No one D. Someone
5. A. take B. leave C. carry D. send
6. A. robbers B. shoplifters C. kidnappers D. thieves
7. A. However B. Instead C. Therefore D. Though
8. A. make B. mark C. record D. describe
9. A. design B. idea C. size D. experiment
10. A. so B. because C. but D. while
III. 阅读理解。
A
In 1826, a Frenchman named Nieple needed pictures for his business. But he was not a good artist. So he invented a very simple camera. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden. That was the first photo.
The next important date in the history of photography was in 1837.That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his reading room. He used a new kind of camera in a different way. In his picture you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest thing. The kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype. Soon, other people began to use Daguerre’s way. Travelers brought back wonderful photos from all over the world. People took pictures of famous buildings, cities and mountains.
In about 1840, photography was developed. Then photographers could take pictures of people and moving things. That was not simple. The photographers had to carry a lot of films and other machines. But this did not stop them, for example, some in the United States worked so hard.
Mathew Brady was a famous American photographer. He took many pictures of great people. The pictures were unusual because they were lifelike. Photography also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th century. Some photos were not just copies of the real world. They showed the author’s ideas and feelings, like other kinds of art.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
1. The first photo taken by Nieple was a picture of .
A. his business B. his house C. his garden D. his window
2. The daguerreotype was .
A. a Frenchman B. a kind of picture C. a kind of camera D. a photographer
3. If a photographer wanted to take pictures of moving things in the year of 1840, he had to .
A. watch lots of films B. buy an expensive camera
C. stop in most cities D. take many films and something else with him
4. Mathew Brady .
A. was very lifelike B. was famous for his unusual pictures
C. was quite strong D. took many pictures of moving people
5. This passage tells us .
A. how photography was developed
B. how to show your ideas and feelings in pictures
C. how to take pictures in the world
D. how to use different cameras
B
Flow like the river of change
Little stream ran down from a high mountain through many villages and forests. Then it reached a desert. “I went through so many difficulties. I should have no problem crossing the desert,” she thought. As she started, she found herself slowly disappearing into the sand. After many tries, she still failed. “Maybe I can’t reach the ocean,’’ she said sadly to herself.
At this time, a deep voice said, “If a breeze（微风）can cross the desert, so can a river.” It was the voice of the desert. But the little stream answered, “That’s because a breeze can fly, but I cannot. ”
“That’s because you can’t give up what you are. Let yourself evaporate（蒸发）into the breeze, and it can take you across,” said the desert. “Give up what I am now? No! No!” The little stream could not accept this idea. “The breeze can carry the vapor（蒸汽） across the desert and let it leave as rain. The rain will form a river again,” said the desert. “And whether you’re a river or vapor, your nature never changes.” Hearing this, the little stream went into the open arms of the breeze. It carried her to the next stage of her life.
The course of our lives is like the experience of the little stream. If you want to go through difficulties in your life to head for success, you should also change the way you are.
6. The little stream aimed to reach _____.
A. the forest B. the ocean C. the desert D. the river
7. The little stream _____ before she got to the desert.
A. didn’t meet much difficulty B. was worried about herself
C. knew well about the desert D. was confident about herself
8. At first, the little stream didn’t accept the desert’s advice because _____.
A. she failed many times B. she was afraid of the breeze
C. she wasn’t able to fly D. she wouldn’t give up what she was
9. The little stream finally crossed the desert by _____.
A. evaporating into the breeze B. forming a river
C. disappearing into the sand D. changing her nature
10. What does the story mainly tell us?
A. The road to success is not always easy and smooth.
B. Whatever others say, we should always be ourselves.
C. To succeed, we should change the way we are if necessary.
D. We may experience difficulty in life just like the little stream.
IV. 书面表达。
随着时代的进步，高科技的发展，人们的生活发生了日新月异的变化。未来生活将会是什么样子？谁都无法预料。请发挥你的想象，谈谈在未来的日子里，将有哪些不可思议的变化。如：很多事情由机器人或计算机完成、在家购物、足不出户旅行……请以“The future life” 为题写一篇短文。
要点：1.文章条理清楚；
2.词数：80～100。
———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
【答案与解析】
Ⅰ. 单项选择。
1. C。句意为“相信他们下周将有期末考试”。It is believed that…属于固定句式，表示“（人们）相信……”。
2. D。考查短语be used to的后面用动名词形式，表示“习惯于做某事”。
3.D。从句的时间状语just now “刚才”可以判断是过去时，本句的主语blackboard不能执行后面的动作clean，要用被动语态来表示主语是动作的承受者。
4.B。考查动词短语notice somebody do something的被动语态的用法，这个短语是用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，在被动语态的句子中把省略的to再还原过来。
5.B。考查enough的用法。enough作副词修饰形容词的时候，放在形容词的后面；enough作形容词修饰名词的时候，放在名词的前面。
6. C。考查介词的用法。在具体某一天前用介词on。故选C。
7.Ｃ。考查动词短语be used for的用法，这个短语的后面用动名词作介词的宾语。
8.Ｄ。考查一般现在时的被动语态，主语是the machine，是动词operate的承受者，所以用被动语态。
9.Ｂ。考查invent的名词和动词的用法，第一个空用动词的过去分词构成被动语态；第二个空是用名词inventor表示“发明家”的意思。
10.Ａ。考查介词短语的用法，从句子的意思可知by mistake，表示“错误地做某事”。
11. C。考查特殊疑问词的用法，从句子后面的情景可以理解是用when表示“什么时候”的意思。
12.A。本句是被动语态，主语是动作的承受着，动作的执行者是由by后接them构成。
13. B。考查情态动词的被动语态，构成是can be +动词过去分词。句意为“一年能被分成十二个月” ，be divided into意为“被分成”。
14. D。根据答语表示“乐意效劳”，所以选D，意为“当然，高兴帮忙”。
15. A。考查连系动词的用法。taste意为“品尝起来”，后接形容词good作表语。cookies是复数，所以谓语动词不用三单形式。
【真题链接】
1. A。句意：迈克重，但他的哥哥更重。根据句意，第一个题空用原级，第二个题空中哥哥在和他比较，两者比较用比较级。故选A。
2. D。句意：看！Laura要得第一名了。她跑得多快啊！由how和what引导的感叹句的结构为：How＋adj. / adv.(＋主语＋谓语)！和What(＋a /an)＋adj.＋n.(＋主语＋谓语)!故答案为D项。
3. A。句意“在喝之前，你必须确保你的茶不太烫。” before之前；after之后；since自从，既然，因为；while当，然而。根据语境，应该在喝之前判断茶是不是太烫，故选A。
Ⅱ. 完形填空。
1.B。根据本段所述可知，这一群骑车爱好者，有了一个主意，即希望在市中心让人们骑车，故用动词have的过去式。
2.C。因为这个方案的实施能节约能源，减少污染，提供免费的公共交通，因而是充满希望的。
3.D。根据下文所述可知，这群人把自行车涂成白色的放在阿姆斯特丹的公共处，让人们来使用。
4.A。理解上下文所述可推断，在阿姆斯特丹的任何人都可以骑这些自行车进行短道行驶，故选A项。
5.B。理解前半句可推断，人们使用完自行车后，要把它留在那里让别的人使用，留下来用动词leave，故选B项。
6.D。根据常识可知，偷这些自行车的人应是 “thief”，故选D项。
7.A。通读上下文可知，尽管以前自行车经常被盗，而三十年后，这种方便于人们出行的自行车又出现了，前后有转折关系，故选A项。
8.C。根据下文所述可知，这些电脑芯片放置于自行车中的功能是能够记录自行车的移动情况，故选C项。
9.A。由句意可知自行车不再是白色，人们把它们设计成一些明亮的色彩，这是一种不同寻常的设计，故选A项。
10.B。通读全句分析，后面的句子是前面句子的原因，故用表示原因的连词because。
III.阅读理解。
A篇
1. C。由第一段第四句“He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden.”可知。
2. B。由第二段句子“The kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype.”可知。
3. D。由第四段句子“That was not simple. The photographers had to carry a lot of films and other machines.”可知。
4. B。由最后一段中的句子“Mathew Brady was a famous American photographer. He took many pictures of great people. The pictures were unusual because they were lifelike.”可知。
5. A。全文写了摄影的历史，是怎样一步一步成为一种艺术的。
B篇
6. B。根据第一自然段结尾处“Maybe I can’t reach the ocean”可知本题选B。
7. D。从第一自然段中小溪自己的话“I went through so many difficulties. I should have no problem crossing the desert,”我战胜了那么多的困难，我通过沙漠应该没有问题。可知，小溪是自信。故选D。
8. D。从文章中“Give up what I am now? No! No!”可知，小溪拒绝是因为不愿意放弃自己原来的形态，故答案为D。
9. A。根据文意可知“小溪最终把自己变成蒸气蒸发到微风中，在微风带领下到了大海。”故选A。
10. C。短文讲述小溪在穿越沙漠时改变自己，蒸发到微风中，最终成功到达大海。根据文章最后一句 “If you want to go through difficulties in your life to head for success, you should also change the way you are.”可知答案选C。
IV. 书面表达。
参考范文：
What do you think the life in the future will be like?
In the future there will be robots as well as computers, and we will do many things at home without leaving. We can check e-mails on the computer, and do some shopping, see a doctor, know a lot all over the world with the help of the computer. The robots can help us do cleaning, cooking and washing. What’s more, we can have lessons without going to school, and our teacher can teach us through the Internet.
I think the life in the future will be wonderful, and we can enjoy ourselves very much because there will be enough time to relax and do what we like to do.