四川省达州市三年（2020-2022）中考英语真题分题型分层汇编-04短文选词填空补全对话

这是一份四川省达州市三年（2020-2022）中考英语真题分题型分层汇编-04短文选词填空补全对话，共10页。
四川省达州市三年（2020-2022）中考英语真题分题型分层汇编04短文选词填空补全对话一、短文选词填空（2022·四川达州）用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。每词限用一次。be; post; science; other; surprise; see; while; one; anything; we What color is a tennis ball? Ask your classmates, and they might give you some ___1___ answers. The Atlantic asked 30, 000 people this question. Among the people surveyed, 52 percent said tennis balls are green, 42 percent said yellow, and 6 percent said __2___ else. According to the International Tennis Federation, tennis balls __3___ yellow. So, why do most people say that they’re green?When we ___4___ see an object in natural light, our brains recognize its true color. Even if the object __5___ in different kinds of light later, our brains can still tell its true color. ___6___ call this color constancy (色彩恒常性). For example, we know that China’s flag is red. When we see it during sunset or under purple light, we still know that it is red, even if it looks like a different color. However, the color of a tennis ball is not as pure (纯的) as the flag. It appears to be a mixture of yellow, a “warm” color, and green, a “cool” color. The US-based magazine says that when ___7___ brains try to figure out what color the ball is, some people ignore (忽略) cool colors like green, blue and purple. So they see the ball as yellow. ___8___ ignore warm colors, such as red, yellow and orange. They see the ball as green. It is not just tennis balls that make such confusion. In 2015, a girl ___9___ a picture of a dress online. Some people said the dress was black and blue ___10___ other people said it was gold and white. They had different opinions based on whether they ignored cool or warm colors.（2021·四川达州）others; however; be; answer; include; complete; accidental; good; use; thatAs you walk down the street, an object falls from a tall building and hits you. Who should be responsible for this? Or maybe you try to help someone in danger, but you ___11___ hurt the person. Will you get in trouble for this? China’s Civil Code (《民法典》) will give you the ___12___.On May 28, the National People’s Congress (全国人民代表大会) agreed China’s first-ever Civil Code. With 1,260 articles, it is a collection of laws that is about personal issues, ___13___ property (物权), marriage, family, personality rights, and inheritances (继承). It’s like an encyclopedia (百科全书) for social life. China does have laws that cover these issues. ___14___, all kinds of these laws are not unified. The Civil Code gathers them into one unified document and makes improvements. With the Civil Code, China hopes to set up a country under the rule of law with ___15___ protection for civil rights.One special thing about the code is the part about individual (个人的) rights. It’s a major innovation (创新) to form the individual rights into one part alone. This part includes laws ___16___ relate to one’s body, health, name, image (肖像), and fame.Some of the laws in this part deal with how new technology ___17___. For example, people who use AI face swap (调换) tools to make videos may go against ___18___ image rights. The laws also provide data protection rights relating to possible data leaks by tech companies.As we know, after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, there were several attempts to draft (起草) a civil code in 1954, 1962, 1979 and 2001. But the conditions ___19___ not good enough. In 2015, China started to work on the present code and ___20___ it after 5 years. This year, the code took effect on Jan. 1.（2020·四川达州）用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整、通顺（每词限用一次）。include; look; find; seven; among; which; know; animal; cause; howWith the COVID-19 epidemic（传染病） hitting China, many of you might want ___21___ more about the virus. The disease ___22___ by a newly-found type of corona-virus (冠状病毒). Corona-viruses are a large family of virus. The word “corona" comes from Latin and refers to crowns (王冠) . When people first saw a corona-virus under a microscope (显微镜) , they found that its spikes（刺突） made it ___23___ like a crown. That’s ___24___ the virus family got its name. Some corona-viruses cause disease in humans, others spread illness among animals, ____25____ camels （骆驼）, cats and bats (蝙蝠) .We ___26___ seven types of corona-virus that can infect humans so far . Four of them are common and cause respiratory (呼吸道的) illness such as mild flu. Rarely(很少), ___27___ corona-viruses can evolve (进化) and then spread ___28___ people, such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (中东呼吸综合症) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) . Novel corona-virus, ___29___was first found in Wuhan, is ____30____one.二、补全对话7选5（2022·四川达州）根据对话内容，从下面的选项中选择适当的选项补全对话。（有两项是多余的）Guide: I am happy to be your guide these days. Are you satisfied with my service?Tourist: Yes, thank you. ___31___ Guide: I am very happy to hear that. ___32___ Tourist: They are very friendly and polite. The drivers will stop when we cross the road. Guide: ___33___ Do you like the city?Tourist: Yes, it’s very beautiful. Guide: ___34___ Tourist: Well, I want to buy some local special snacks for my family. Where can I buy them?Guide: ___35___ Tourist: Thank you again. I’ll go there now.A．Yes, we follow the traffic rules well.B．Oh, there is a shop across from the bank.C．How do you like the city?D．You really did a good job.E．It’s only about five minutes’ walk.F．What else can I do for you?G．What do you think of the people here?（2021·四川达州）A: This party is such a great idea!B: ___36___ It’s been three years since we last saw our primary school classmates.A: It’s interesting to see how people have changed.B: Billy has changed so much! ___37___A: Yeah, his face always turned red when he talked to girls.B: ___38___A: That’s because he was a really good student. He studied hard and did well in the exams. B: ___39___A: Yes, and he used to be thin, too. But look how big and strong he is now!B: He’s so popular now. ___40__A．I used to see him reading in the library every day.B．I agree.C．Did he use to wear glasses?D．Sounds interesting.E．He used to be so shy and quiet.F．Did he like talking with others?G．Look at all the girls around him!（2020·四川达州）根据对话内容，从下面的选项中选择适当的选项补全对话。（有两项是多余的）A: What are you doing this weekend?B: ______41______ I suppose I’ll just listen to this new CD．A: Oh, what CD is this?B: Well, it’s all music. ______42______ I like smooth music that helps me relax after a long week at work.A: Sounds nice. Well, if you have spare time, do you want to watch a movie with me? The director is really famous.B: ______43______ I only like movies that are funny. I just want to laugh and not think too much. You know what I mean?A: Oh, in that case, I’ll ask someone who likes serious movies.B: ______44______A: It’s about World War II. ______45______A．I prefer movies that give me something to think about.B．What’ wrong?C．Not much.D．What’s the movie about?E．Depends which movie.F．There’s no singing.G．That sounds great.
参考答案：1．surprising2．something3．are4．first5．is seen6．Scientists7．our8．Others9．posted10．while【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，向我们科普色彩恒常性，不同的人看同一事物，看到的颜色是不一样的。1．句意：问问你的同学，他们可能会给你一些令人惊讶的答案。根据“What color is a tennis ball? Ask your classmates, and they might give you some...answers.”可知，此处需要形容词作定语，简单的问题可能会给出令人惊讶的答案，surprising“令人惊讶的”，修饰物，故填surprising。2．句意：在被调查者中，52%的人认为网球是绿色的，42%的人认为是黄色的，6%的人认为是其他颜色的。根据“Among the people surveyed, 52 percent said tennis balls are green, 42 percent said yellow, and 6 percent said...else.”可知，不同的人给出不同的答案，用于肯定句中，something else“其他的”，故填something。3．句意：根据国际网球联合会的说法，网球是黄色的。根据“According to the International Tennis Federation, tennis balls...yellow.”可知，此处需要系动词作谓语，时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，故填are。4．句意：当我们第一次在自然光下看到一个物体时，我们的大脑会识别出它的真实颜色。根据“When we...see an object in natural light, our brains recognize its true color.”可知，此处需要副词修饰动词，first“第一次”符合语境，故填first。5．句意：即使后来在不同的光线下看到这个物体，我们的大脑仍然可以分辨出它的真实颜色。根据“Even if the object...in different kinds of light later, our brains can still tell its true color.”可知，是看到物体，选择see，主语是动作的承受者，用被动语态，时态是一般现在时，主语是单数，故填is seen。6．句意：科学家称这种现象为色彩恒常性。根据“...call this color constancy (色彩恒常性).”可知，科学家称之为色彩恒常性，science“科学”，scientist“科学家”，谓语是动词原形，所以主语为复数，故填Scientists。7．句意：这家总部位于美国的杂志称，当我们的大脑试图判断球是什么颜色时，有些人会忽略绿色、蓝色和紫色等冷色。根据“The US-based magazine says that when...brains try to figure out what color the ball is”可知，此处缺少定语，we“我们”，our“我们的”符合语境，故填our。8．句意：还有一些人忽略了暖色，比如红色、黄色和橙色。前句介绍一些人的情况，根据“...ignore warm colors, such as red, yellow and orange.”可知，这里介绍其他人的情况，others“其他人”符合语境，故填Others。9．句意：2015年，一个女孩在网上发布了一张裙子的照片。根据“In 2015, a girl...a picture of a dress online.”可知，此处需要动词作谓语，是发布照片，post“发布”，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填posted。10．句意：有人说这条裙子是黑蓝色的，而其他人说它是白金色的。根据“Some people said the dress was black and blue...other people said it was gold and white.”可知，前后句意转折，while“然而”符合语境，故填while。11．accidentally12．answers13．including14．However15．better16．that17．is used18．others’19．were20．completed【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍《民法典》的相关内容。11．句意：或者你试图帮助一个处于危险中的人，但你不小心伤害了他。根据“Or maybe you try to help someone in danger, but you…hurt the person.”和备选词可知，accidental“意外的”符合语境，在句中修饰动词hurt，使用副词形式，故填accidentally。12．句意：《民法典》会给你答案。前文作者提出提问，结合备选词answer“回答”符合语境，此处表示复数含义，故填answers。13．句意：它有1260条，是关于个人问题的法律的集合，包括物权、婚姻、家庭、人权和继承。根据“it is a collection of laws that is about personal issues…property (物权), marriage, family, personality rights, and inheritances (继承)”和备选词可知，include“包括”符合语境，此处用介词连接，故填including。14．句意：然而，这些法律并不是统一的。前后两句构成转折关系，备选词however“然而”符合语境，句首需大写首字母，故填However。15．句意：通过《民法典》，中国希望建立一个更好地保护公民权利的法治国家。此处作定语修饰protection，good“好的”符合语境，此处暗含与过去的比较，故填better。16．句意：这一部分包括与一个人的身体、健康、姓名、形象和名声有关的法律。本句是定语从句，先行词是laws，引导词在从句中作主语，故填that。17．句意：这部分的一些法律涉及如何使用新技术。根据“Some of the laws in this part deal with how new technology…”和备选词可知，use“使用”符合语境，主语是动作的承受者，时态是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is used。18．句意：例如，使用人工智能换脸工具制作视频的人可能会侵犯他人的肖像权。分析“people who use AI face swap (调换) tools to make videos may go against…image rights”和备选词可知，others“其他人”符合语境，此处作定语修饰image rights，用名词所有格，故填others’。19．句意：但是条件还不够好。根据“But the conditions…not good enough.”和备选词可知，选择be作谓语，时态是一般过去时，主语是复数，故填were。20．句意：2015年，中国开始对现行规范进行完善，历时5年完成。根据“China started to work on the present code and…it after 5 years”和备选词可知，complete“完成”符合语境，根据“In 2015”可知，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填completed。21．to know22．is caused23．look24．how25．including26．have found27．animal28．among29．which30．the seventh【解析】【分析】文章主要告诉读者冠状病毒名字的由来和到目前为止发现的七种冠状病毒的特点。21．句意：随着新冠病毒在中国的流行，你们中的许多人可能想知道更多关于该病毒的信息。 考查动词。根据句意指“想知道更多关于该病毒的信息”，know知道；“想做某事”为want to do sth.，故填to know。22．句意：这种疾病是由一种新发现的冠状病毒引起的。考查动词。此处主语disease是动词cause的承受者，两者构成被动关系，根据句意应该用一般现在时被动语态am/is/are+ done；根据主语disease为三单，可知be动词用is；cause引起，是动词，其过去分词为caused，故答案为is caused。23．句意：当人们第一次在显微镜下看到冠状病毒时，他们发现它的刺突使它看起来像一个皇冠。考查动词。根据句意指“看起来像一个皇冠”，look like看起来像；又因为make sb. do sth.使某人做某事，故填look。24．句意：那就是病毒家族如何得名的。考查引导词。此处引导一个表语从句，在从句中充当方式状语，应该用关系副词how引导，意为“如何”，故答案为how。25．句意：一些冠状病毒在人类身上引起疾病；另一些病毒在动物中传播疾病，包括骆驼、猫和蝙蝠。考查介词。根据句意指“包括骆驼、猫和蝙蝠”，include包括，是动词，句中根据句子结构应用介词，including包括，是介词，故填including。26．句意：到目前为止我们已经发现了七种能感染人类的冠状病毒。考查动词。此处作谓语，根据时间标志词so far，可知用现在完成时have/has done；根据主语we为复数，可知用have；find发现，是动词，其过去分词为found，故答案为have found。27．句意：很少情况下，动物冠状病毒可以进化，然后在人群中传播，如中东呼吸综合征和严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）。考查名词。根据上下文该句是指“动物冠状病毒可以进化”，animal动物，是名词，在此处作定语，所以用单数形式，故填animal。28．句意：很少情况下，动物冠状病毒可以进化，然后在人群中传播，如中东呼吸综合征和严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）。考查介词。根据句意指“在人群中传播”，在三个或三个以上的人之间用among，故填among。29．句意：武汉地区首次发现的新型冠状病毒是第七种冠状病毒。考查定语从句。此处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词Novel coronavirus，为物，充当从句的主语，应该用关系代词which，故答案为which。30．句意：武汉地区首次发现的新型冠状病毒是第七种冠状病毒。考查序数词。此处修饰限定其后代词one，指“第七种冠状病毒”，所以用序数词；seven七，是基数词，其序数词为seventh，意为“第七”，故答案为the seventh。31．D32．G33．A34．F35．B【解析】【导语】本文主要讲述了导游询问游客对自己的服务以及这个城市的看法，并告知游客购物的地点。31．根据“Are you satisfied with my service”以及“Yes, thank you”可知是对导游的服务进行肯定性评价，选项D“你真地做得很好”符合语境。故选D。32．根据“They are very friendly and polite”可知上文询问对这儿的人有何看法，选项G“你觉得这儿的人怎么样”符合语境。故选G。33．根据“The drivers will stop when we cross the road.”可知此处是导游对有关交通的评价，选项A“是的，我们很好地遵守了交通规则”符合语境。故选A。34．根据“Well, I want to buy some local special snacks for my family”可知是导游询问游客还有没有什么需要帮忙的，选项F“我还能为你做什么”符合语境。故选F。35．根据“Where can I buy them”可知此处回答能购物的地方，选项B“哦，银行对面有一家商店”符合语境。故选B。36．B37．E38．A39．C40．G【解析】【分析】文章主要是对这次同学聚会的评价，以及对同学Billy的过去与现在的对比情况。36．根据“This party is such a great idea!”以及“It’s been three years since we last saw our primary school classmates.”可知，此处说的是同意对方的评价，选项B“我同意。”符合语境，故选B。37．根据“Billy has changed so much!”以及“Yeah, his face always turned red when he talked to girls.”可知，这里说的是Billy的改变，选项E“他过去很害羞，很安静。”符合语境，故选E。38．根据“That’s because he was a really good student. He studied hard and did well in the exams.”可知，这里说的是Billy在学习方面的表现，选项A“我以前经常看见他每天在图书馆看书。”符合语境，故选A。39．根据“Yes”可知，这里应该是一般疑问句，结合“ he used to be thin, too. But look how big and strong he is now!”可知，这里说的是他的外貌方面的情况，选项C“他以前戴眼镜吗？”符合语境，故选C。40．根据“He’s so popular now.”可知，这里说的是他很受欢迎的具体情况，选项G“看看他周围的女孩！”符合语境，故选G。41．C42．F43．E44．D45．A【解析】【分析】此对话是A和B谈论周末生活，B喜欢在周末听音乐来放松，而A喜欢看严肃的电影，这样能给他思考。41．根据“I suppose I’ll just listen to this new CD. 我想我就听听这张新CD。”,可知选项中“Not much.没有什么。”符合情境，故选C。42．根据前一句“it’s all music.它只有音乐。”，可知选项中“There’s no singing. 里面没有歌。”符合情境，故选F。43．根据“I only like movies that are funny. I just want to laugh and not think too much. 我只喜欢有趣的电影。我只想笑，不想想太多。”，可知选项中“Depends which movie. 取决于哪部电影。”符合情境，故选E。44．根据下一句“It’s about World War II. 是关于二战的。”，可知此句应问“这部电影是关于什么的?”，所以选项D“What’s the movie about?”符合，故选D。45．根据下一句“It’s about World War II. 是关于二战的。”，可知选项中“I prefer movies that give me something to think about. 我更喜欢能让我思考的电影。”符合语境，进一步解释和说明为什么想去看这部电影，故选A。