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2021-2022学年江西省吉安市第一中学高二下学期第一次段考英语试卷含解析
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这是一份2021-2022学年江西省吉安市第一中学高二下学期第一次段考英语试卷含解析，共30页。试卷主要包含了 5分，满分7等内容，欢迎下载使用。
吉安一中2021—2022学年度下学期第一次段考
高二英语试卷
第I卷
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。(共5小题;每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分)
1. What’s wrong with the woman?
A. She has a cough.
B. She has a walking problem.
C. She has difficulty breathing.
2. What does the woman have to do?
A. Dry the dishes. B. Do the cleaning. C. Buy a new bed.
3. What time is it now?
A. 8:00 a.m. B. 9:00 a.m. C. 10:00 a.m.
4. In which room were the speakers at first?
A. The kitchen. B. The bedroom. C. The bathroom.
5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Community leader and supporter.
B. Teacher and student.
C. Hostess and player.
第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What mistake did the woman make?
A. She charged the man the wrong price.
B. She sold the man the wrong product.
C. She gave the man the wrong change.
7. What does the man ask the woman to do?
A. Take back his sandwich.
B. Sell him an extra sandwich.
C. Make his sandwich immediately.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. How did Jane feel at the party?
A. Worried. B. Happy. C. Sad.
9. When will Jane go to the speakers’ home?
A. On Saturday. B. On Sunday. C. On Monday.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Where are the speakers probably?
A. At a camp. B. At a wedding. C. At a fashion show.
11. What color is Jason’s suit?
A. Grey. B. White. C. Green.
12. What would the speakers probably like to do next?
A. Set a challenge for each other.
B. Talk to the bride together.
C. Have a dance together.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What did the man do during his train journey?
A. He helped a passenger make a call.
B. He did nothing but sit in one place.
C. He relaxed with some cake.
14. What happened to the man’s train?
A. Its engine was broken.
B. Its tickets were sold out.
C. It crashed into another train.
15. What did the driver ask the train company to do?
A. Offer passengers tea and cake. B. Replace the engine. C. Cancel the train.
16. Why was it hot on the train?
A. The air conditioning didn’t work.
B. There were too many people on it.
C. The windows couldn’t be opened.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What is the talk mainly about?
A. A company record.
B. An entertainment event.
C. A donation announcement.
18. Where can the listeners get the forms?
A. From the human resources department.
B. From the factory’s workshop.
C From the car park.
19. Who is the speaker talking to?
A. Doctors. B. Students. C. Employees.
20. What should listeners do if they are absent on Wednesday?
A. Fill in a form.
B. Contact service center.
C. Discuss with their manager
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Sights for sore eyes: alternative places to visit in London
Overdosed on London tourist attractions? We’ve picked some great but quieter alternatives to those crowded places.
Been to the South Bank?
Go to Trinity Buoy Wharf
Hidden in the industrial wilds of the Leamouth Peninsula, this secret waterside arts center is well worth a visit. Visit Andrew Baldwin’s sculpture park, go to see and hear Longplayer, a piece of music playing for a thousand years in a lighthouse, pop into The Faraday Effect, a tiny museum documenting the life of Michael Faraday. Open daily.
Been to the Odeon Leicester Square?
Go to The Castle Cinema
Sitting above the prettiest Spar in the world on Chatsworth Road is a small, independent movie house that was built more than a hundred years ago. The Castle Cinema is now one of the prettiest, cheapest and least crowded places to watch the latest releases and old favorites. Open daily. Prices vary.
Been to the Science Museum?
Go to the Wellcome Collection
The Wellcome Collection manages to make all the sciences excite, showing their art, beauty and collection to everyday life. Tue. -Sun. 10 am -6 pm. Free.
Been to the V & A?
Go to Sir John Soane’s Museum
When he wasn’t designing buildings, neoclassical (新古典主义) architect Sir John crazily collected art, furniture and architectural decoration. You can see them all—including a sarcophagus (大理石石棺) carved for the pharaoh Seti I (1291-1278 BC)—in his beautiful, odd house in Lincoln’s Inn Fields. Tue. -Sat. 10 am-5 pm. Free.
1. Where can you go if you want to learn about the life of Michael Faraday?
A. The South Bank.
B. The Faraday Effect.
C. The Castle Cinema.
D. The Wellcome Collection.
2. What do we know about The Castle Cinema?
A. It opens daily and it’s free.
B. It is one of the most crowded places.
C. You can see the newest movies there.
D. It was built less than a hundred years ago.
3. What is the purpose of the text?
A. To introduce quieter alternatives to London tourist attractions.
B. To persuade tourists to visit London tourist attractions.
C. To show some attractive and popular tourist attractions.
D. To advertise the four alternative places in London.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个可供选择的很棒但是更安静的旅游景点。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Go to Trinity Buoy Wharf标题下第二句“Visit Andrew Baldwin’s sculpture park, go to see and hear Longplayer, a piece of music playing for a thousand years in a lighthouse, pop into The Faraday Effect, a tiny museum documenting the life of Michael Faraday. （参观安德鲁·鲍德温的雕塑公园，去看和听一段在灯塔里演奏了一千年的音乐《朗普》，去参观记录迈克尔·法拉第(Michael Faraday)生活的小型博物馆The Faraday Effect”，可知如果你想了解迈克尔·法拉第的生活，你可以去The Faraday Effect。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Go to The Castle Cinema标题下第二句“The Castle Cinema is now one of the prettiest, cheapest and least crowded places to watch the latest releases and old favorites.（城堡电影院现在是最漂亮、最便宜、最不拥挤的地方之一，可以观看最新版本和最受欢迎的老电影。）”可知我们对城堡电影院了解到的是：你可以在那里看到最新的电影。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二行“Overdosed on London tourist attractions? We’ve picked some great but quieter alternatives to those crowded places.（对伦敦的旅游景点上瘾？我们选择了一些很棒但更安静的地方来代替那些拥挤的地方。）”，可知文本的目的是介绍比伦敦旅游景点更安静的景点。故选A。
B
If you’ve ever wondered how your favorite travel bloggers have the time to run around the world eating the most wildly delicious meals without so much as showing up for a single day of work, the answer is probably in their social media followings. Large followings mean big sponsorship dollars, and that’s exactly how Christy Woodrow of Ordinary Traveler found a six-figure income.
“In 2010 I started travel blogging mainly to keep a journal of my travels, starting with a six-week trip through Southeast Asia”, she shared. “Blogging wasn’t really a viable (可行的) source of income at the time, so it really was a passion project when it began. Over the next couple of years, Ordinary Traveler’s audience grew beyond my wildest dreams and I decided to quit my job to do this full time. “
She threw her old life away, followed her dreams, and ended up richer for it. ”When I was stuck in the office, it often felt like I was wasting my life away. I knew there was more to life than a paycheck, but the idea that everyone hates their job and life is meant to be hard was deeply ingrained (根深蒂固的) from a very young age. I now provide real-life travel tips on the blog, shoot photography for hotels and destinations, and create videos for brands. ”
“I’ve experienced cultures in a whole new way, and I’ve learned so much about myself through travel. It has extremely expanded my world, and I wouldn’t have had these opportunities if I hadn’t quit my job, ” she says.
Christy’s passion rings through in just about all her posts on social media, which is one of the main causes she owes to her success. “I never promote something that I wouldn’t personally pay for myself, and I’m extremely conscious of providing an honest view of any destinations. This isn’t just a job for me. I turn down more than I accept. ”
4. Why did Christy write travel blogs at first?
A. To kill time.
B. To make money.
C. To record her trip.
D. To pursue her dream.
5. What does Christy need to do as a travel blogger?
A. Write adventure novels.
B. Learn survival skills.
C. Take pictures for hotels.
D. Shoot videos for others.
6. What’s the purpose of paragraph 4?
A. To list some practical travel tips.
B. To present travels’ influence on Christy.
C. To describe Christy’s travel experiences.
D. To show Christy’s guilt for resignation.
7. What is the main idea of the text?
A. To be a successful travel blogger needs a lot of fans.
B. A woman turns a passion for travel into a big success.
C. It is interesting to write travel journals during travel.
D. We should keep dreaming even if the process isn’t easy.
【答案】4. C 5. C 6. B 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了博主克里斯蒂·伍德罗辞去工作，开始拍摄酒店和目的地拍摄照片，并为品牌制作视频，并且发表在博客上，从而导致自己成功的故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句““In 2010 I started travel blogging mainly to keep a journal of my travels, starting with a six-week trip through Southeast Asia”, she shared.（她分享道：“2010年，我开始写旅游博客，主要是为了记录我的旅行，从为期六周的东南亚之旅开始。”）”可知克里斯蒂最初写旅游博客的目的是记录她的旅行。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“I now provide real-life travel tips on the blog, shoot photography for hotels and destinations, and create videos for brands.（现在，我在博客上提供真实的旅行技巧，为酒店和目的地拍摄照片，并为品牌制作视频。）”，可知克里斯蒂作为一名旅游博主需要做的事情是为酒店拍照。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段““I’ve experienced cultures in a whole new way, and I’ve learned so much about myself through travel. It has extremely expanded my world, and I wouldn’t have had these opportunities if I hadn’t quit my job, ”she says.（她说：“我以一种全新的方式体验了各种文化，通过旅行我对自己了解了很多。旅行极大地拓展了我的世界，如果我不辞职，我就不会有这些机会。”）”，可知第4段的目的是展示旅行对克里斯蒂的影响。故选B。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Christy’s passion rings through in just about all her posts on social media, which is one of the main causes she owes to her success. “I never promote something that I wouldn’t personally pay for myself, and I’m extremely conscious of providing an honest view of any destinations. This isn’t just a job for me. I turn down more than I accept. ”（Christy 在社交媒体上的所有帖子，都充满了她的激情，这是她成功的主要原因之一。“我从不推销我自己都不愿意花钱买的东西，而且我非常注意提供任何目的地的真实视角。这不仅仅是我的工作”），可知这篇课文的主旨是一个女人将对旅行的热情转化为巨大的成功。故选B。
C
Are you an agreeable person— you know, a nice guy? If so, a logical follow-up might be: How are your finances? And here’s why: Agreeable people have lower savings, they have higher debts, and they’re also more likely to go bankrupt or default (违约) on their loans.
Sandra Matz is a computational social scientist at the Columbia Business School. And using a combination of questionnaires and bank data, she and her colleague found that people who scored as more agreeable on personality tests had a better chance of ending up in terrible financial crisis—especially if they were low-income to begin with.
The researchers also combined personality data on millions of people in the US and the UK with regional data on how many people were unable to pay their debts. And they found again, that the nicer a county or local area’s people on average, the worse their finances. Sandra thinks a factor could be that agreeable people just don’t care much about money. Maybe they pick up the tab (账单) more often, or loan money when they can’t afford to. They’re generous to a fault.
So how do you get them to wise up? We can say, “Don’t care about money just for yourself, but care about it for the people you love. Because if you manage your money badly, it’s not just going to affect you, but it’s also going to affect all the people you care about, and that you love deeply. “ This might translate agreeable people’s superpower —caring about other people— into better financial sense.
So if Sandra does succeed in teaching nice people to be stingy, who then will pick up the tab? Then it’s a matter of negotiating, right? So if the agreeable person says, “I can’t pay all the time, I only want to do that once in a while, but I also want you to give something back. ” That might mean agreeable people need to get a little more comfortable having unpleasant conversations.
8. What did Sandra and her colleague find in their research?
A. Kind people had more friends.
B. Agreeable people were low-income.
C. Friendly people were rewarded by others.
D. Nice people had more financial problems.
9. What does Sandra think of the agreeable people?
A. They never attach importance to their money.
B. They tend to lend money to others very often.
C. They are too generous regardless of their money.
D. They earn less money than their friends and neighbors.
10. Which of the following can replace the word “stingy” in the last paragraph?
A. mean
B. rigid
C. greedy
D. sharp
11 Where is the text probably taken?
A. A social report.
B. A travel advertisement.
C. A biology interview.
D. A personal biography.
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究发现性格随和的人会有更多的财务问题并分析了原因。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Are you an agreeable person— you know, a nice guy? If so, a logical follow-up might be: How are your finances?”（你是一个随和的人吗——你知道的，一个好人?如果是这样，一个合乎逻辑的后续问题可能是：你的财务状况如何?）以及第二段“And using a combination of questionnaires and bank data, she and her colleague found that people who scored as more agreeable on personality tests had a better chance of ending up in terrible financial crisis—especially if they were low-income to begin with.”（通过问卷调查和银行数据的结合，她和她的同事发现，在人格测试中得分较高的人更有可能陷入可怕的财政危机，尤其是当他们一开始收入较低时）可知，桑德拉·马茨和她的同事在研究中发现，随和的人会有更多的经济问题，故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Sandra thinks a factor could be that agreeable people just don’t care much about money. Maybe they pick up the tab more often, or loan money when they can’t afford to. They’re generous to a fault.”（桑德拉认为一个因素可能是随和的人不太在乎钱。也许他们会更频繁地买单，或者在他们负担不起的时候贷款。他们太慷慨了）可知，桑德拉认为不管有没有钱，随和的人都很慷慨，故选C。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后的“who then will pick up the tab?”（那么谁来买单呢？）可知，此处是说如果桑德拉真的成功地教会了随和的人要小气，就没有人主动买单了，由此可知划线词词义为“小气、吝啬”，故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了研究发现性格随和的人会有更多的财务问题并分析了原因，这属于社会交往范畴，因此文章最有可能出自社交报告，故选A。
D
Freeloaders, they just sit around while their hard-working colleagues get things done. But might freeloaders actually be necessary for society to function efficiently? The answer could be yes — at least when it comes to fire ants and their efforts to dig nests underground.
Daniel Goldman is a physicist at Georgia Tech. Because fire ants are highly social organisms, Daniel and his colleagues wanted to know how ants knew what to do without a central leader issuing orders.
To find out, Daniel’s team labeled individual fire ants with paint and then watched them dig their narrow tunnels— barely wide enough for two workers. Turns out, just 30 percent of the ants did 70 percent of the labor. “I was surprised that we ended up with so few workers actually doing the work at any one time. “
A quarter of the ants never even entered the tunnel. Others crawled inside, but left without digging a single grain of dirt. These behaviors ensured the crowded tunnels did not get blocked with insect traffic, which bring the construction process to a halt.
And when the scientists removed the five hardest-working ants from the colony, others immediately jumped in to compensate —with no reduction in the group’s productivity. Seems that it doesn’t matter which ants are working or freeloading at a given time, as long as there is some division of labor to keep the tunnels flowing smoothly.
The study could have implications for robotics. Imagine groups of robots sent to search stones for disaster survivors. Or nanobots coursing through our bodies to diagnose illness and deliver targeted medical treatment. Such robot clouds will need to avoid getting jammed up in tight spaces. It might be necessary to program them so some just sit back and watch their colleagues do the work.
12. Why did Daniel want to do a study on fire ants?
A. He thought the fire ants special.
B. He was a physicist studying different ants.
C. He had a research team with many experts.
D. He wanted to know the way ants work without a leader.
13. What can we know about fire ants from paragraph 4?
A. They all take part in the work.
B. They have a clear division of labor.
C. They have enough time to work.
D. They work efficiently with each other.
14. What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A. Robots could replace doctors.
B. There are many kinds of robots.
C. Freeloaders are necessary for robots.
D. Our life is closely related to robots.
15. What is the best title of this text?
A. Fire Ants’ Good Team Spirit
B. The Role of Freeloaders at Work
C. An Important Discovery in Robotics
D. Daniel’s Survey in Team Leader
【答案】12. D 13. D 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家们研究火蚁是如何在隧道中有效合作，从而让工作的效率更高。这项研究也对机器人学产生了积极的影响。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句话“Because fire ants are highly social organisms, Daniel and his colleagues wanted to know how ants knew what to do without a central leader issuing orders.(由于火蚁是高度群居的有机体，丹尼尔和他的同事想知道，在没有核心领导下达命令的情况下，火蚁是如何知道该怎么做的)”可知，丹尼尔想研究火蚁是想知道没有领导者的蚂蚁的工作方式。故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段最后“A quarter of the ants never even entered the tunnel. Others crawled inside, but left without digging a single grain of dirt. These behaviors ensured the crowded tunnels did not get blocked with insect traffic, which bring the construction process to a halt.(四分之一的蚂蚁甚至没有进入隧道。其他的爬了进去，但是没有挖出一粒土。这些行为确保了拥挤的隧道不会被昆虫堵塞，从而导致施工过程暂停)”可推知，火蚁在隧道里工作时，彼此高效合作，不会导致隧道的堵塞。故选D。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The study could have implications for robotics. Imagine groups of robots sent to search stones for disaster survivors. Or nanobots coursing through our bodies to diagnose illness and deliver targeted medical treatment. Such robot clouds will need to avoid getting jammed up in tight spaces. It might be necessary to program them so some just sit back and watch their colleagues do the work. (这项研究可能对机器人技术产生影响。想象一下，一群机器人被派去寻找灾难幸存者的石头。或者纳米机器人通过我们的身体来诊断疾病并提供有针对性的医疗治疗。这种机器人云需要避免在狭小的空间中被卡住。对他们进行编程可能是必要的，这样一些人就可以坐下来，看着他们的同事工作)”可知，最后一段主要讲述火蚁的研究对机器人的发展产生积极影响，也就是在对工作中的机器人编程时，可以参考火蚁在挖隧道时的工作模式，让一些机器人不要工作而看着他们的同事完成工作，这样不会造成堵塞，使工作效率更高，所以“Freeloaders are necessary for robots.(不工作的机器人是非常有必要的)”。故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本篇文章主要讲述了科家们研究火蚁是如何在隧道中有效合作，即有些火蚁不工作，但是却让隧道不会堵塞，使其它火蚁的工作效率更高。所以“工作中的不劳而获者的作用”符合本段的标题。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Over the last few years, there’s been a trend to focus on gratitude. We can buy different kinds of gratitude journals, or download apps that remind us to write down our blessings.____16____“But it's also important to remember that gratitude is free.”says Laurie Santos, who teaches a course on the science of well-being and happiness at Yale University.
Noting down gratitude seems to pay off. Studies have found that giving thanks can help people sleep better, lower stress and improve interpersonal relationships. Keeping a gratitude journal can decrease materialism and enhance generosity among adolescents.____17____“It’s one practices that really wins out from the field of positive psychology.” she says. Her students, in addition to keeping gratitude journals, are asked to write a thank-you letter and then read it out loud to the recipient (收信人). “They show measurable improvements in well-being even a month after they’ve done this.”she says.
____18____One study found that counting blessings once a week boosted happiness, but doing so three times a week didn't. There’s also a lack of research on bow gratitude exercises help people with clinical depression or anxiety. Indeed, for all the research on the broad benefits of expressing gratitude, it isn't for everyone.____19____ It can't make injustice, loss or pain disappear.
During really tough times, like when she suffers from poor health, Santos feels like she is reaching for reasons to be grateful. But she still tries to find some. “I’m grateful for the sun that’s shining or being able to wake up,” she says.____20____
A. And it isn’t a cure-all.
B. So it doesn’t feel pleasant.
C. Those products remind us to take time to be grateful.
D What works for some people may not work for others.
E. Gratitude allows her to remember what is going well.
F. Practicing too much gratitude may have undesired effects.
G. That's why gratitude features heavily in Santos' happiness class.
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. F 19. A 20. E
【解析】
【分析】本文为一篇说明文。文章说明了感恩逐渐成为一种趋势及感恩的重要性。
【16题详解】
结合前文We can buy different kinds of gratitude journals, or download apps that remind us to write down our blessings. 我们可以购买不同种类的感恩日记，或者下载提醒我们写下祝福的应用程序。C. Those products remind us to take time to be grateful.这些产品提醒我们要花时间去感恩。衔接前文，解释这些感恩产品的作用。故选C项。
【17题详解】
结合前文Studies have found that giving thanks can help people sleep better, lower stress and improve interpersonal relationships. Keeping a gratitude journal can decrease materialism and enhance generosity among adolescents. 研究发现，感恩可以帮助人们睡得更好，减轻压力，改善人际关系。写感恩日记可以减少物质主义，提高青少年的慷慨程度。及后文Her students, in addition to keeping gratitude journals, are asked to write a thank-you letter and then read it out loud to the recipient (收信人). 她的学生除了写感谢日记外，还要写一封感谢信，然后大声念给收件人听。可知，感恩有很多好处，结合后文她在课上教导学生需要感恩。G. That's why gratitude features heavily in Santos' happiness class.这就是为什么感恩在桑托斯的快乐课上占了很大比重。符合此处语境。故选G项。
【18题详解】
结合后文One study found that counting blessings once a week boosted happiness, but doing so three times a week didn't. 一项研究发现，每周一次祝福能提升幸福感，但一周三次却不能。因此，无需太多的感恩。F. Practicing too much gratitude may have undesired effects.太多的感恩可能会有不好的效果。符合此处语境。故选F项。
【19题详解】
结合后文It can't make injustice, loss or pain disappear. 它不能让不公平、损失或痛苦消失。可知，感恩也不是万能的。A. And it isn’t a cure-all.它并不是万能药。符合此处语境。故选A项。
【20题详解】
结合前文During really tough times, like when she suffers from poor health, Santos feels like she is reaching for reasons to be grateful. 在非常艰难的时候，比如说当她身体不好的时候，桑托斯觉得她有理由感恩。及I’m grateful for the sun that’s shining or being able to wake up我很感激阳光明媚或者我能够醒来。可知，即使她在非常艰难的时候，也能够记得什么是好的，保持积极感恩的心态。E. Gratitude allows her to remember what is going well.感激使她能记住什么是好的。符合此处语境。故选E项。
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1. 5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
My son, Ben, died at the age of 23. As I ___21___ the loss of him, I found peace on the mountain peaks of New Hampshire, where he spent his childhood. ___22___ was my way to hide from the pain of loss. Every step,path and peak gave me the ___23___ to recover.
About a month after his death, I hiked Carter Dome and Mount Hight with ___24___. Standing at the top, I ___25___ the mountains that my son loved. For a moment the blow of his death to me ___26___ and I could breathe.
The following weekends I ___27___ Mount Moosilauke, Mount Cannon, then Mount Flume, Mount Liberty and so on. While hiking the mountains, I ___28___ lots of difficulties — navigating (导航) mountain roads at night, camping on the slopes and planning routes. Mount Cannon ___29___ the exciting change in my life: I was no longer ___30___ of walking alone. Instead of feeling my beating heart and anxiety inside, I began to ___31___ the snow-covered trees and the beautiful blue color of the sky.
Ben's death has led me to more outdoor ___32___ than ever before. I've gone from taking occasional weekend trips to ___33___ going hiking in the country for a few days. If Ben lived, I would have done these things with him. I am really ___34___.
These days I hike to ___35___, not to hide. I find Ben, and I also find myself: I'm turning into someone ___36___ and ready to face more challenges in life. The sorrow of forced ___37___ becomes the silence of the path; the peace of nature ___38___ the pain of loss. Hiking is exhausting but fun, and it teaches me that sorrow and ___39___ can live together. I find ___40___ along the way.
21. A. figured out B. struggled with C. set aside D. gave away
22. A. Crying B. Running C. Walking D. Chatting
23. A. power B. right C. chance D. reason
24. A. pride B. sadness C. fear D. respect
25. A. described B. explored C. cleared D. overlooked
26. A. fell B. spread C. faded D. abandoned
27. A. protected B. conquered C. missed D. advocated
28. A. got over B. got down C. got out D. got off
29. A. witnessed B. demanded C. explained D. accepted
30 A. fond B. conscious C. frightened D. ashamed
31. A. draw B. believe C. understand D. notice
32. A. education B. performance C. experience D. research
33. A. regularly B. eventually C. temporarily D. permanently
34. A. surprised B. content C. curious D. regretful
35. A. relax B. seek C. survive D. help
36. A. wiser B. freer C. healthier D. braver
37. A. separation B. consumption C. arrangement D. retirement
38. A. reflects B. represents C. resembles D. replaces
39. A. future B. luck C. joy D. sympathy
40. A. adventure B. comfort C. excitement D. friendship
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. A 30. C 31. D 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. B 36. D 37. A 38. D 39. C 40. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述作者通过徒步旅行从失去儿子的悲痛中走出来，更勇敢的面对生活的挑战。
【21题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当我与失去儿子的痛苦作斗争时，我在新罕布什尔州的山峰上找到了平静，那里是他度过童年的地方。A. figured out解决、计算出；B. struggled with与……斗争；C. set aside留出；D. gave away赠送。根据上句“My son, Ben, died at the age of 23.（我的儿子本23岁就去世了）”可知作者很痛苦，作者与失去儿子的痛苦作斗争。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：走路是我逃避失落痛苦的方式。A. Crying哭泣；B. Running跑；C. Walking走路；D. Chatting闲聊。根据后文“About a month after his death, I hiked Carter Dome and Mount Hight with ___4___.（他死后大约一个月，我带着悲伤徒步旅行了卡特多姆和Mount Hight ）”“walk”和“hike”为近义词。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每一步，道路和高峰给了我恢复的力量。A. power力量；B. right权力；C. chance机会；D. reason理由。根据后句“Hiking is exhausting but fun, and it teaches me that sorrow and ___19___ can live together. I find ___20___ along the way. （徒步旅行虽然很累，但也很有趣，它让我明白了悲伤和快乐可以共存，一路上我都能找到刺激）”可知每一步，道路和高峰给了作者恢复的力量。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他死后大约一个月，我带着悲伤徒步旅行了卡特多姆和Mount Hight。A. pride骄傲；B. sadness悲伤；C. fear害怕；D. respect尊重。根据上文“My son, Ben, died at the age of 23.（我的儿子本23岁就去世了）”可知作者很痛苦，带着悲伤徒步旅行了卡特多姆和Mount Hight。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：站在山顶，我俯视着我儿子喜爱的群山。A. described描述；B. explored探索；C. cleared清楚；D. overlooked俯视。根据上句“Standing at the top（站在山顶）”可知作者站在山顶，俯视着我儿子喜爱的群山。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有那么一会儿，他的死对我的打击消失了，我可以呼吸了。A. fell跌落；B. spread延伸；C. faded减弱；D. abandoned抛弃。根据后句“I could breathe.（我可以呼吸了）”可知作者的儿子的死对作者的打击消失了。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：接下来的几个周末，我征服了穆西拉克山、坎农山、弗卢姆山、自由山等等。A. protected保护；B. conquered征服；C. missed思念；D. advocated提倡。根据后句“While hiking the mountains, I ___8___ lots of difficulties--- navigating (导航) mountain roads at night, camping on the slopes and planning routes.（在登山的过程中，我克服了很多困难——晚上在山路上行走、在斜坡上露营和规划路线）”可知作者接下来的几个周末，我征服了穆西拉克山、坎农山、弗卢姆山、自由山等等。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在登山的过程中，我克服了很多困难——晚上在山路上行走、在斜坡上露营和规划路线。A. got over克服；B. got down下来；C. got out出去；D. got off下车。根据后句“navigating (导航) mountain roads at night, camping on the slopes and planning routes. Mount Cannon（晚上在山路上行走、在斜坡上露营和规划路线）”可知在登山的过程中，作者克服了很多困难。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：坎农山见证了我生活中令人兴奋的变化：我不再害怕独自行走。A. witnessed见证；B. demanded要求；C. explained解释；D. accepted接受。根据后句“I was no longer ___10___ of walking alone.（我不再害怕独自行走了）”可知坎农山见证了我生活中令人兴奋的变化。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不再害怕独自行走。A. fond喜爱；B. conscious意识到的；C. frightened害怕的；D. ashamed惭愧的。根据后句“. Instead of feeling my beating heart and anxiety inside, I began to ___11___ the snow-covered trees and the beautiful blue color of the sky.（我不再感到自己的心跳和内心的焦虑，而是开始注意到被白雪覆盖的树木和美丽的蓝色天空。）”可知我不再害怕独自行走。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不再感到自己的心跳和内心的焦虑，而是开始注意到被白雪覆盖的树木和美丽的蓝色天空。A. draw画画； B. believe相信；C. understand理解；D. notice注意到。根据后上句“Instead of feeling my beating heart and anxiety inside（而不是感受我跳动的心脏和内心的焦虑）”可知作者不再感到自己的心跳和内心的焦虑，而是开始注意到被白雪覆盖的树木和美丽的蓝色天空。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：本的死使我比以往任何时候都有了更多的户外体验。A. education教育；B. performance表演；C. experience经历；D. research研究。根据后句“I've gone from taking occasional weekend trips to ___13___ going hiking in the country for a few days.（我已经从偶尔的周末旅行变成了经常去乡间远足几天。）”可知作者儿子的死使作者比以往任何时候都有了更多的户外体验。故选C。
33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我已经从偶尔的周末旅行变成了经常去乡间远足几天。A. regularly定期地；B. eventually最后地；C. temporarily暂时地；D. permanently永久地。根据后句“going hiking in the country for a few days（乡间远足几天）”可知作者定期地到乡间远足。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我真的很后悔。A. surprised惊讶的；B. content满意的；C. curious好奇的；D. regretful后悔的、遗憾的。根据后句“If Ben lived, I would have done these things with him.（如果本还活着，我也会和他一起做这些事。）”可知作者感到很后悔。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些天我徒步寻找，而不是躲藏。A. relax放松；B. seek寻求；C. survive幸存；D. help帮助。根据后句“I find Ben, and I also find myself: I'm turning into someone ___16___ and ready to face more challenges in life.（我找到了本，也找到了自己:我正在变成一个更勇敢的人，准备好面对生活中的更多挑战）”可知作者是徒步寻找，而不是躲藏。故选B。
【36题详解】
考查形容词最高级词义辨析。句意：我找到了本，也找到了自己:我正在变成一个更勇敢的人，准备好面对生活中的更多挑战。A. wiser更明智的；B. freer更自由的；C. healthier更健康的；D. braver更勇敢的。根据后句“ready to face more challenges in life.（准备好面对生活中的更多挑战）”可知作者准备好面临更多的挑战，变成一个更勇敢的人。故选D。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：被迫分离的悲哀，成了路上的沉默。A. separation分离；B. consumption消耗；C. arrangement安排；D. retirement退休。根据上文“My son, Ben, died at the age of 23.（我的儿子本23岁就去世了）可知作者和儿子分离了。故选A。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：大自然的平静取代了失去的痛苦。A. reflects反射；B. represents代表；C. resembles相似；D. replaces代替。根据上句“The sorrow of forced ___17___ becomes the silence of the path（被迫分离的悲哀，成了路上的沉默。）”可知大自然的平静取代了失去的痛苦。故选D。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：徒步旅行虽然很累，但也很有趣，它让我明白了悲伤和快乐可以共存。A. future未来；B. luck幸运；C. joy快乐；D. sympathy同情。根据上句“Hiking is exhausting but fun（徒步旅行虽然很累，但也很有趣）”可知徒步让我明白了悲伤和快乐可以共存。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一路上我都能找到慰藉。A. adventure冒险；B. comfort安慰；C. excitement兴奋；D. friendship友谊。根据上文“the peace of nature the pain of loss.”可知一路上作者都能找到安慰。故选B。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For more than a thousand years, Cairo has been the capital city of Egypt. But that will be changed in the near future.
In December, the Egyptian ___41___(administrate) in Cairo began to move its offices to the new capital as part of a six-month trial. Not ___42___(official) named yet, the city ___43___(know) as the New Administrative Capital.
Generally ___44___(speak), the capital of a country serves as its political, ___45___(economy) and cultural center. However, in Egypt’s case, overcrowding ___46___(lead) its capital to become congested (拥堵的) and has worsened other problems such as air pollution.
Cairo, ___47___(locate) at the top of the heavily populated Nile Delta, attracts people across the country. At present, the city has more than 20 million people. But its population will double ___48___ 40 million by 2050.
The Egyptian government has great desires for the new capital, ___49___ size is much bigger. Beginning its construction in 2015, the new capital covers 714 square kilometers, nearly twice ____50____ size of Cairo.
【答案】41. administration
42. officially
43. is known
44. speaking
45. economic
46. has led
47. located
48. to 49. whose
50. the
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲了一千多年来，开罗一直是埃及的首都。但这在不久的将来就会改变。 去年12月，开罗的埃及政府开始将其办公室搬到新首都，这是为期六个月的试验的一部分。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：去年12月，开罗的埃及政府开始将其办公室搬到新首都，这是为期六个月的试验的一部分。该空作句子主语，用名词，特指“开罗的埃及政府”，用单数，故填administration。
【42题详解】
考查副词。句意：这座城市还没有正式命名，被称为新行政首都。修饰动词named，用副词，故填officially。
【43题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：这座城市还没有正式命名，被称为新行政首都。 描述一个客观的事实，用一般现在时；“the city”和“know”之间是被动关系，用被动语态；the city是单数，谓语动词用单数，故填is known。
【44题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：一般来说，首都是一个国家的政治、经济和文化中心。Generally speaking一般来说，该短语是固定短语，故填speaking。
【45题详解】
考查形容词。句意：一般来说，首都是一个国家的政治、经济和文化中心。该空修饰名词center，用形容词，故填economic。
【46题详解】
考查时态。句意：然而，在埃及，过度拥挤导致首都变得拥挤，并加剧了空气污染等其他问题。根据and后并列的谓语动词的时态，可知用现在完成时， 主语overcrowding是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数，故填has led。
【47题详解】
考查非谓语动词。 句意：开罗位于人口稠密的尼罗河三角洲的顶端，吸引着全国各地的人们。Cairo和locate之间是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语，故填located。
【48题详解】
考查介词。句意：但到2050年，它的人口将翻一番，达到4000万。 表示“达到”用介词to，故填to。
【49题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：埃及政府对规模大得多的新首都抱有极大的期望。___9___ size is much bigger. 是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the new capital，关系词在从句中作定语，用关系代词whose引导该从句，故填whose。
【50题详解】
考查倍数表达法。句意：新首都于2015年开始建设，占地714平方公里，几乎是开罗的两倍大。倍数表达法：倍数+ the +度量词 + of，故填the。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
51. 文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
By the time Tom graduated from Yale University, he has undertaken a part-time job for 3 years, from that he accumulated abundant experience. However, he was much cast down by his failure to find a satisfying job. It occur to him that he should apply to the position provide by that large company. A great many applicant participated in the interview. Apparent, the competition was fierce. The advantage was which he had a good command of English. He owed to his first English teacher that he had a good pronunciation. Fortunately, all his efforts were not in the vain and he succeeded in finding his ideal job.
【答案】1. has→had 2. that →which 3.occur→occurred
4.to→for 5.provide→provided
6.applicant→applicants 7.Apparent→Apparently 8.which→that
9.owed后加it 10.删除the
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了从耶鲁大学毕业的汤姆因为有兼职的丰富经验和精通英语而找到理想工作的故事。
【详解】1.考查时态。句意：汤姆从耶鲁大学毕业时，已经从事了三年的兼职工作，积累了丰富的经验。结合时间状语“By the time Tom graduated from Yale University”，可知句子使用过去完成时。故将has改为had。
2.考查定语从句引导词。句意：汤姆从耶鲁大学毕业时，已经从事了三年的兼职工作，积累了丰富的经验。句中含有一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是a part-time job，在从句的介词from后作宾语，指物用which引导符合题意。故将that改为which。
3.考查时态。句意：他突然想到应该申请那家大公司提供的职位。结合前后句谓语动词“was”和“participated”推断句子时态是一般过去时，谓语动词occur使用过去式occurred。故将occur改为occurred。
4.考查介词。句意：他突然想到应该申请那家大公司提供的职位。结合短语“apply to sb. for sth.”意为“向某人申请某物”，可知本题中宾语是 the position用介词for。故将to改为for。
5.考查非谓语动词。句意：他突然想到应该申请那家大公司提供的职位。that引导的主语从句的谓语动词是动词短语“should apply for”，所以provide是非谓语动词，名词the position和provide之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故将provide改为provided 。
6.考查名词单复数。句意：许多申请人参加了面试。短语“A great many”意为“许多”，修饰可数名词复数。故将applicant改为applicants。
7.考查副词。句意：显然，竞争是激烈的。修饰整个句子用副词。故将Apparent改为Apparently。
8.考查名词性从句引导词。句意：优点是他精通英语。系动词was后是表语从句，从句不缺成分用that引导，不作任何成分，只起引导作用。故将which 改为that。
9.考查it作形式宾语。句意：他的发音很好，他把它归功于他的第一位英语老师。分析句子可知owed之后应该用it作形式宾语，that从句作真正的宾语从句。故将owed后加it。
10.考查冠词。句意：幸运的是，他所有的努力都没有白费，他成功地找到了理想的工作。短语“in vain”是固定搭配，意为“徒劳的，白费的”。故删除the。
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
52. 今年暑假，你参加了一个为期一周的志愿者活动。现在请你根据下列提示，写一篇短文介绍这次难忘的经历。
1.介绍参加人员；
2.活动内容；
3.自己的收获。
注意:
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】During the summer holiday, I took part in a seven-day voluntary activity. The participants were students from different schools in our city.
In the first three days, we went around the city helping clear the litter left casually around. Every day we would collect large amounts of plastics, most of which were plastic bags. This made me realize the seriousness of the white pollution. So after we listened to a report about environmental protection, we all made up our minds to reduce the use of plastic bags in our daily life.
In the following days, we went to several nursing homes, visiting and helping the old there. From this activity, I learned a lot. It was really an unforgettable experience.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一篇短文，介绍关于今年暑假参加的为期一周的志愿者活动的难忘经历。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般过去时。
结构：总-分-总法
要点：
1.介绍参加人员；
2.活动内容；
3.自己的收获。
第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）
summer holiday；take part in；voluntary activity；clear the litter；large amounts of；plastic bags；listen to；make up one’s mind；daily life；nursing homes
第三步：连词成句
1. During the summer holiday, I took part in a seven-day voluntary activity.
2. The participants were students from different schools in our city.
3. In the first three days, we went around the city helping clear the litter left casually around.
4. Every day we would collect large amounts of plastics, most of which were plastic bags.
5. This made me realize the seriousness of the white pollution.
6. So after we listened to a report about environmental protection, we all made up our minds to reduce the use of plastic bags in our daily life.
7. In the following days, we went to several nursing homes, visiting and helping the old there.
8. It was really an unforgettable experience.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：first；In the following days；after；
2.表并列补充关系：and；What is more, Besides, Moreover（供参考）
3.表因果关系：So；As, Thus, Therefore（供参考）
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】[高分句型1] Every day we would collect large amounts of plastics, most of which were plastic bags.（使用了由which引导的非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2] So after we listened to a report about environmental protection, we all made up our minds to reduce the use of plastic bags in our daily life.（使用了由after连接的状语从句）
[高分句型3] In the following days, we went to several nursing homes, visiting and helping the old there.（使用了现在分词作状语）
听力答案：1-5 CBAAB 6-10 CBCBB 11-15 ACBAB 16-20 ACACC
吉安一中2021—2022学年度下学期第一次段考
高二英语试卷
第I卷
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。(共5小题;每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分)
1. What’s wrong with the woman?
A. She has a cough.
B. She has a walking problem.
C. She has difficulty breathing.
2. What does the woman have to do?
A. Dry the dishes. B. Do the cleaning. C. Buy a new bed.
3. What time is it now?
A. 8:00 a.m. B. 9:00 a.m. C. 10:00 a.m.
4. In which room were the speakers at first?
A. The kitchen. B. The bedroom. C. The bathroom.
5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Community leader and supporter.
B. Teacher and student.
C. Hostess and player.
第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What mistake did the woman make?
A. She charged the man the wrong price.
B. She sold the man the wrong product.
C. She gave the man the wrong change.
7. What does the man ask the woman to do?
A. Take back his sandwich.
B. Sell him an extra sandwich.
C. Make his sandwich immediately.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. How did Jane feel at the party?
A. Worried. B. Happy. C. Sad.
9. When will Jane go to the speakers’ home?
A. On Saturday. B. On Sunday. C. On Monday.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Where are the speakers probably?
A. At a camp. B. At a wedding. C. At a fashion show.
11. What color is Jason’s suit?
A. Grey. B. White. C. Green.
12. What would the speakers probably like to do next?
A. Set a challenge for each other.
B. Talk to the bride together.
C. Have a dance together.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What did the man do during his train journey?
A. He helped a passenger make a call.
B. He did nothing but sit in one place.
C. He relaxed with some cake.
14. What happened to the man’s train?
A. Its engine was broken.
B. Its tickets were sold out.
C. It crashed into another train.
15. What did the driver ask the train company to do?
A. Offer passengers tea and cake. B. Replace the engine. C. Cancel the train.
16. Why was it hot on the train?
A. The air conditioning didn’t work.
B. There were too many people on it.
C. The windows couldn’t be opened.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What is the talk mainly about?
A. A company record.
B. An entertainment event.
C. A donation announcement.
18. Where can the listeners get the forms?
A. From the human resources department.
B. From the factory’s workshop.
C From the car park.
19. Who is the speaker talking to?
A. Doctors. B. Students. C. Employees.
20. What should listeners do if they are absent on Wednesday?
A. Fill in a form.
B. Contact service center.
C. Discuss with their manager
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Sights for sore eyes: alternative places to visit in London
Overdosed on London tourist attractions? We’ve picked some great but quieter alternatives to those crowded places.
Been to the South Bank?
Go to Trinity Buoy Wharf
Hidden in the industrial wilds of the Leamouth Peninsula, this secret waterside arts center is well worth a visit. Visit Andrew Baldwin’s sculpture park, go to see and hear Longplayer, a piece of music playing for a thousand years in a lighthouse, pop into The Faraday Effect, a tiny museum documenting the life of Michael Faraday. Open daily.
Been to the Odeon Leicester Square?
Go to The Castle Cinema
Sitting above the prettiest Spar in the world on Chatsworth Road is a small, independent movie house that was built more than a hundred years ago. The Castle Cinema is now one of the prettiest, cheapest and least crowded places to watch the latest releases and old favorites. Open daily. Prices vary.
Been to the Science Museum?
Go to the Wellcome Collection
The Wellcome Collection manages to make all the sciences excite, showing their art, beauty and collection to everyday life. Tue. -Sun. 10 am -6 pm. Free.
Been to the V & A?
Go to Sir John Soane’s Museum
When he wasn’t designing buildings, neoclassical (新古典主义) architect Sir John crazily collected art, furniture and architectural decoration. You can see them all—including a sarcophagus (大理石石棺) carved for the pharaoh Seti I (1291-1278 BC)—in his beautiful, odd house in Lincoln’s Inn Fields. Tue. -Sat. 10 am-5 pm. Free.
1. Where can you go if you want to learn about the life of Michael Faraday?
A. The South Bank.
B. The Faraday Effect.
C. The Castle Cinema.
D. The Wellcome Collection.
2. What do we know about The Castle Cinema?
A. It opens daily and it’s free.
B. It is one of the most crowded places.
C. You can see the newest movies there.
D. It was built less than a hundred years ago.
3. What is the purpose of the text?
A. To introduce quieter alternatives to London tourist attractions.
B. To persuade tourists to visit London tourist attractions.
C. To show some attractive and popular tourist attractions.
D. To advertise the four alternative places in London.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个可供选择的很棒但是更安静的旅游景点。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Go to Trinity Buoy Wharf标题下第二句“Visit Andrew Baldwin’s sculpture park, go to see and hear Longplayer, a piece of music playing for a thousand years in a lighthouse, pop into The Faraday Effect, a tiny museum documenting the life of Michael Faraday. （参观安德鲁·鲍德温的雕塑公园，去看和听一段在灯塔里演奏了一千年的音乐《朗普》，去参观记录迈克尔·法拉第(Michael Faraday)生活的小型博物馆The Faraday Effect”，可知如果你想了解迈克尔·法拉第的生活，你可以去The Faraday Effect。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Go to The Castle Cinema标题下第二句“The Castle Cinema is now one of the prettiest, cheapest and least crowded places to watch the latest releases and old favorites.（城堡电影院现在是最漂亮、最便宜、最不拥挤的地方之一，可以观看最新版本和最受欢迎的老电影。）”可知我们对城堡电影院了解到的是：你可以在那里看到最新的电影。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二行“Overdosed on London tourist attractions? We’ve picked some great but quieter alternatives to those crowded places.（对伦敦的旅游景点上瘾？我们选择了一些很棒但更安静的地方来代替那些拥挤的地方。）”，可知文本的目的是介绍比伦敦旅游景点更安静的景点。故选A。
B
If you’ve ever wondered how your favorite travel bloggers have the time to run around the world eating the most wildly delicious meals without so much as showing up for a single day of work, the answer is probably in their social media followings. Large followings mean big sponsorship dollars, and that’s exactly how Christy Woodrow of Ordinary Traveler found a six-figure income.
“In 2010 I started travel blogging mainly to keep a journal of my travels, starting with a six-week trip through Southeast Asia”, she shared. “Blogging wasn’t really a viable (可行的) source of income at the time, so it really was a passion project when it began. Over the next couple of years, Ordinary Traveler’s audience grew beyond my wildest dreams and I decided to quit my job to do this full time. “
She threw her old life away, followed her dreams, and ended up richer for it. ”When I was stuck in the office, it often felt like I was wasting my life away. I knew there was more to life than a paycheck, but the idea that everyone hates their job and life is meant to be hard was deeply ingrained (根深蒂固的) from a very young age. I now provide real-life travel tips on the blog, shoot photography for hotels and destinations, and create videos for brands. ”
“I’ve experienced cultures in a whole new way, and I’ve learned so much about myself through travel. It has extremely expanded my world, and I wouldn’t have had these opportunities if I hadn’t quit my job, ” she says.
Christy’s passion rings through in just about all her posts on social media, which is one of the main causes she owes to her success. “I never promote something that I wouldn’t personally pay for myself, and I’m extremely conscious of providing an honest view of any destinations. This isn’t just a job for me. I turn down more than I accept. ”
4. Why did Christy write travel blogs at first?
A. To kill time.
B. To make money.
C. To record her trip.
D. To pursue her dream.
5. What does Christy need to do as a travel blogger?
A. Write adventure novels.
B. Learn survival skills.
C. Take pictures for hotels.
D. Shoot videos for others.
6. What’s the purpose of paragraph 4?
A. To list some practical travel tips.
B. To present travels’ influence on Christy.
C. To describe Christy’s travel experiences.
D. To show Christy’s guilt for resignation.
7. What is the main idea of the text?
A. To be a successful travel blogger needs a lot of fans.
B. A woman turns a passion for travel into a big success.
C. It is interesting to write travel journals during travel.
D. We should keep dreaming even if the process isn’t easy.
【答案】4. C 5. C 6. B 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了博主克里斯蒂·伍德罗辞去工作，开始拍摄酒店和目的地拍摄照片，并为品牌制作视频，并且发表在博客上，从而导致自己成功的故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句““In 2010 I started travel blogging mainly to keep a journal of my travels, starting with a six-week trip through Southeast Asia”, she shared.（她分享道：“2010年，我开始写旅游博客，主要是为了记录我的旅行，从为期六周的东南亚之旅开始。”）”可知克里斯蒂最初写旅游博客的目的是记录她的旅行。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“I now provide real-life travel tips on the blog, shoot photography for hotels and destinations, and create videos for brands.（现在，我在博客上提供真实的旅行技巧，为酒店和目的地拍摄照片，并为品牌制作视频。）”，可知克里斯蒂作为一名旅游博主需要做的事情是为酒店拍照。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段““I’ve experienced cultures in a whole new way, and I’ve learned so much about myself through travel. It has extremely expanded my world, and I wouldn’t have had these opportunities if I hadn’t quit my job, ”she says.（她说：“我以一种全新的方式体验了各种文化，通过旅行我对自己了解了很多。旅行极大地拓展了我的世界，如果我不辞职，我就不会有这些机会。”）”，可知第4段的目的是展示旅行对克里斯蒂的影响。故选B。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Christy’s passion rings through in just about all her posts on social media, which is one of the main causes she owes to her success. “I never promote something that I wouldn’t personally pay for myself, and I’m extremely conscious of providing an honest view of any destinations. This isn’t just a job for me. I turn down more than I accept. ”（Christy 在社交媒体上的所有帖子，都充满了她的激情，这是她成功的主要原因之一。“我从不推销我自己都不愿意花钱买的东西，而且我非常注意提供任何目的地的真实视角。这不仅仅是我的工作”），可知这篇课文的主旨是一个女人将对旅行的热情转化为巨大的成功。故选B。
C
Are you an agreeable person— you know, a nice guy? If so, a logical follow-up might be: How are your finances? And here’s why: Agreeable people have lower savings, they have higher debts, and they’re also more likely to go bankrupt or default (违约) on their loans.
Sandra Matz is a computational social scientist at the Columbia Business School. And using a combination of questionnaires and bank data, she and her colleague found that people who scored as more agreeable on personality tests had a better chance of ending up in terrible financial crisis—especially if they were low-income to begin with.
The researchers also combined personality data on millions of people in the US and the UK with regional data on how many people were unable to pay their debts. And they found again, that the nicer a county or local area’s people on average, the worse their finances. Sandra thinks a factor could be that agreeable people just don’t care much about money. Maybe they pick up the tab (账单) more often, or loan money when they can’t afford to. They’re generous to a fault.
So how do you get them to wise up? We can say, “Don’t care about money just for yourself, but care about it for the people you love. Because if you manage your money badly, it’s not just going to affect you, but it’s also going to affect all the people you care about, and that you love deeply. “ This might translate agreeable people’s superpower —caring about other people— into better financial sense.
So if Sandra does succeed in teaching nice people to be stingy, who then will pick up the tab? Then it’s a matter of negotiating, right? So if the agreeable person says, “I can’t pay all the time, I only want to do that once in a while, but I also want you to give something back. ” That might mean agreeable people need to get a little more comfortable having unpleasant conversations.
8. What did Sandra and her colleague find in their research?
A. Kind people had more friends.
B. Agreeable people were low-income.
C. Friendly people were rewarded by others.
D. Nice people had more financial problems.
9. What does Sandra think of the agreeable people?
A. They never attach importance to their money.
B. They tend to lend money to others very often.
C. They are too generous regardless of their money.
D. They earn less money than their friends and neighbors.
10. Which of the following can replace the word “stingy” in the last paragraph?
A. mean
B. rigid
C. greedy
D. sharp
11 Where is the text probably taken?
A. A social report.
B. A travel advertisement.
C. A biology interview.
D. A personal biography.
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究发现性格随和的人会有更多的财务问题并分析了原因。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Are you an agreeable person— you know, a nice guy? If so, a logical follow-up might be: How are your finances?”（你是一个随和的人吗——你知道的，一个好人?如果是这样，一个合乎逻辑的后续问题可能是：你的财务状况如何?）以及第二段“And using a combination of questionnaires and bank data, she and her colleague found that people who scored as more agreeable on personality tests had a better chance of ending up in terrible financial crisis—especially if they were low-income to begin with.”（通过问卷调查和银行数据的结合，她和她的同事发现，在人格测试中得分较高的人更有可能陷入可怕的财政危机，尤其是当他们一开始收入较低时）可知，桑德拉·马茨和她的同事在研究中发现，随和的人会有更多的经济问题，故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Sandra thinks a factor could be that agreeable people just don’t care much about money. Maybe they pick up the tab more often, or loan money when they can’t afford to. They’re generous to a fault.”（桑德拉认为一个因素可能是随和的人不太在乎钱。也许他们会更频繁地买单，或者在他们负担不起的时候贷款。他们太慷慨了）可知，桑德拉认为不管有没有钱，随和的人都很慷慨，故选C。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后的“who then will pick up the tab?”（那么谁来买单呢？）可知，此处是说如果桑德拉真的成功地教会了随和的人要小气，就没有人主动买单了，由此可知划线词词义为“小气、吝啬”，故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了研究发现性格随和的人会有更多的财务问题并分析了原因，这属于社会交往范畴，因此文章最有可能出自社交报告，故选A。
D
Freeloaders, they just sit around while their hard-working colleagues get things done. But might freeloaders actually be necessary for society to function efficiently? The answer could be yes — at least when it comes to fire ants and their efforts to dig nests underground.
Daniel Goldman is a physicist at Georgia Tech. Because fire ants are highly social organisms, Daniel and his colleagues wanted to know how ants knew what to do without a central leader issuing orders.
To find out, Daniel’s team labeled individual fire ants with paint and then watched them dig their narrow tunnels— barely wide enough for two workers. Turns out, just 30 percent of the ants did 70 percent of the labor. “I was surprised that we ended up with so few workers actually doing the work at any one time. “
A quarter of the ants never even entered the tunnel. Others crawled inside, but left without digging a single grain of dirt. These behaviors ensured the crowded tunnels did not get blocked with insect traffic, which bring the construction process to a halt.
And when the scientists removed the five hardest-working ants from the colony, others immediately jumped in to compensate —with no reduction in the group’s productivity. Seems that it doesn’t matter which ants are working or freeloading at a given time, as long as there is some division of labor to keep the tunnels flowing smoothly.
The study could have implications for robotics. Imagine groups of robots sent to search stones for disaster survivors. Or nanobots coursing through our bodies to diagnose illness and deliver targeted medical treatment. Such robot clouds will need to avoid getting jammed up in tight spaces. It might be necessary to program them so some just sit back and watch their colleagues do the work.
12. Why did Daniel want to do a study on fire ants?
A. He thought the fire ants special.
B. He was a physicist studying different ants.
C. He had a research team with many experts.
D. He wanted to know the way ants work without a leader.
13. What can we know about fire ants from paragraph 4?
A. They all take part in the work.
B. They have a clear division of labor.
C. They have enough time to work.
D. They work efficiently with each other.
14. What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A. Robots could replace doctors.
B. There are many kinds of robots.
C. Freeloaders are necessary for robots.
D. Our life is closely related to robots.
15. What is the best title of this text?
A. Fire Ants’ Good Team Spirit
B. The Role of Freeloaders at Work
C. An Important Discovery in Robotics
D. Daniel’s Survey in Team Leader
【答案】12. D 13. D 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家们研究火蚁是如何在隧道中有效合作，从而让工作的效率更高。这项研究也对机器人学产生了积极的影响。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句话“Because fire ants are highly social organisms, Daniel and his colleagues wanted to know how ants knew what to do without a central leader issuing orders.(由于火蚁是高度群居的有机体，丹尼尔和他的同事想知道，在没有核心领导下达命令的情况下，火蚁是如何知道该怎么做的)”可知，丹尼尔想研究火蚁是想知道没有领导者的蚂蚁的工作方式。故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段最后“A quarter of the ants never even entered the tunnel. Others crawled inside, but left without digging a single grain of dirt. These behaviors ensured the crowded tunnels did not get blocked with insect traffic, which bring the construction process to a halt.(四分之一的蚂蚁甚至没有进入隧道。其他的爬了进去，但是没有挖出一粒土。这些行为确保了拥挤的隧道不会被昆虫堵塞，从而导致施工过程暂停)”可推知，火蚁在隧道里工作时，彼此高效合作，不会导致隧道的堵塞。故选D。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The study could have implications for robotics. Imagine groups of robots sent to search stones for disaster survivors. Or nanobots coursing through our bodies to diagnose illness and deliver targeted medical treatment. Such robot clouds will need to avoid getting jammed up in tight spaces. It might be necessary to program them so some just sit back and watch their colleagues do the work. (这项研究可能对机器人技术产生影响。想象一下，一群机器人被派去寻找灾难幸存者的石头。或者纳米机器人通过我们的身体来诊断疾病并提供有针对性的医疗治疗。这种机器人云需要避免在狭小的空间中被卡住。对他们进行编程可能是必要的，这样一些人就可以坐下来，看着他们的同事工作)”可知，最后一段主要讲述火蚁的研究对机器人的发展产生积极影响，也就是在对工作中的机器人编程时，可以参考火蚁在挖隧道时的工作模式，让一些机器人不要工作而看着他们的同事完成工作，这样不会造成堵塞，使工作效率更高，所以“Freeloaders are necessary for robots.(不工作的机器人是非常有必要的)”。故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本篇文章主要讲述了科家们研究火蚁是如何在隧道中有效合作，即有些火蚁不工作，但是却让隧道不会堵塞，使其它火蚁的工作效率更高。所以“工作中的不劳而获者的作用”符合本段的标题。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Over the last few years, there’s been a trend to focus on gratitude. We can buy different kinds of gratitude journals, or download apps that remind us to write down our blessings.____16____“But it's also important to remember that gratitude is free.”says Laurie Santos, who teaches a course on the science of well-being and happiness at Yale University.
Noting down gratitude seems to pay off. Studies have found that giving thanks can help people sleep better, lower stress and improve interpersonal relationships. Keeping a gratitude journal can decrease materialism and enhance generosity among adolescents.____17____“It’s one practices that really wins out from the field of positive psychology.” she says. Her students, in addition to keeping gratitude journals, are asked to write a thank-you letter and then read it out loud to the recipient (收信人). “They show measurable improvements in well-being even a month after they’ve done this.”she says.
____18____One study found that counting blessings once a week boosted happiness, but doing so three times a week didn't. There’s also a lack of research on bow gratitude exercises help people with clinical depression or anxiety. Indeed, for all the research on the broad benefits of expressing gratitude, it isn't for everyone.____19____ It can't make injustice, loss or pain disappear.
During really tough times, like when she suffers from poor health, Santos feels like she is reaching for reasons to be grateful. But she still tries to find some. “I’m grateful for the sun that’s shining or being able to wake up,” she says.____20____
A. And it isn’t a cure-all.
B. So it doesn’t feel pleasant.
C. Those products remind us to take time to be grateful.
D What works for some people may not work for others.
E. Gratitude allows her to remember what is going well.
F. Practicing too much gratitude may have undesired effects.
G. That's why gratitude features heavily in Santos' happiness class.
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. F 19. A 20. E
【解析】
【分析】本文为一篇说明文。文章说明了感恩逐渐成为一种趋势及感恩的重要性。
【16题详解】
结合前文We can buy different kinds of gratitude journals, or download apps that remind us to write down our blessings. 我们可以购买不同种类的感恩日记，或者下载提醒我们写下祝福的应用程序。C. Those products remind us to take time to be grateful.这些产品提醒我们要花时间去感恩。衔接前文，解释这些感恩产品的作用。故选C项。
【17题详解】
结合前文Studies have found that giving thanks can help people sleep better, lower stress and improve interpersonal relationships. Keeping a gratitude journal can decrease materialism and enhance generosity among adolescents. 研究发现，感恩可以帮助人们睡得更好，减轻压力，改善人际关系。写感恩日记可以减少物质主义，提高青少年的慷慨程度。及后文Her students, in addition to keeping gratitude journals, are asked to write a thank-you letter and then read it out loud to the recipient (收信人). 她的学生除了写感谢日记外，还要写一封感谢信，然后大声念给收件人听。可知，感恩有很多好处，结合后文她在课上教导学生需要感恩。G. That's why gratitude features heavily in Santos' happiness class.这就是为什么感恩在桑托斯的快乐课上占了很大比重。符合此处语境。故选G项。
【18题详解】
结合后文One study found that counting blessings once a week boosted happiness, but doing so three times a week didn't. 一项研究发现，每周一次祝福能提升幸福感，但一周三次却不能。因此，无需太多的感恩。F. Practicing too much gratitude may have undesired effects.太多的感恩可能会有不好的效果。符合此处语境。故选F项。
【19题详解】
结合后文It can't make injustice, loss or pain disappear. 它不能让不公平、损失或痛苦消失。可知，感恩也不是万能的。A. And it isn’t a cure-all.它并不是万能药。符合此处语境。故选A项。
【20题详解】
结合前文During really tough times, like when she suffers from poor health, Santos feels like she is reaching for reasons to be grateful. 在非常艰难的时候，比如说当她身体不好的时候，桑托斯觉得她有理由感恩。及I’m grateful for the sun that’s shining or being able to wake up我很感激阳光明媚或者我能够醒来。可知，即使她在非常艰难的时候，也能够记得什么是好的，保持积极感恩的心态。E. Gratitude allows her to remember what is going well.感激使她能记住什么是好的。符合此处语境。故选E项。
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1. 5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
My son, Ben, died at the age of 23. As I ___21___ the loss of him, I found peace on the mountain peaks of New Hampshire, where he spent his childhood. ___22___ was my way to hide from the pain of loss. Every step,path and peak gave me the ___23___ to recover.
About a month after his death, I hiked Carter Dome and Mount Hight with ___24___. Standing at the top, I ___25___ the mountains that my son loved. For a moment the blow of his death to me ___26___ and I could breathe.
The following weekends I ___27___ Mount Moosilauke, Mount Cannon, then Mount Flume, Mount Liberty and so on. While hiking the mountains, I ___28___ lots of difficulties — navigating (导航) mountain roads at night, camping on the slopes and planning routes. Mount Cannon ___29___ the exciting change in my life: I was no longer ___30___ of walking alone. Instead of feeling my beating heart and anxiety inside, I began to ___31___ the snow-covered trees and the beautiful blue color of the sky.
Ben's death has led me to more outdoor ___32___ than ever before. I've gone from taking occasional weekend trips to ___33___ going hiking in the country for a few days. If Ben lived, I would have done these things with him. I am really ___34___.
These days I hike to ___35___, not to hide. I find Ben, and I also find myself: I'm turning into someone ___36___ and ready to face more challenges in life. The sorrow of forced ___37___ becomes the silence of the path; the peace of nature ___38___ the pain of loss. Hiking is exhausting but fun, and it teaches me that sorrow and ___39___ can live together. I find ___40___ along the way.
21. A. figured out B. struggled with C. set aside D. gave away
22. A. Crying B. Running C. Walking D. Chatting
23. A. power B. right C. chance D. reason
24. A. pride B. sadness C. fear D. respect
25. A. described B. explored C. cleared D. overlooked
26. A. fell B. spread C. faded D. abandoned
27. A. protected B. conquered C. missed D. advocated
28. A. got over B. got down C. got out D. got off
29. A. witnessed B. demanded C. explained D. accepted
30 A. fond B. conscious C. frightened D. ashamed
31. A. draw B. believe C. understand D. notice
32. A. education B. performance C. experience D. research
33. A. regularly B. eventually C. temporarily D. permanently
34. A. surprised B. content C. curious D. regretful
35. A. relax B. seek C. survive D. help
36. A. wiser B. freer C. healthier D. braver
37. A. separation B. consumption C. arrangement D. retirement
38. A. reflects B. represents C. resembles D. replaces
39. A. future B. luck C. joy D. sympathy
40. A. adventure B. comfort C. excitement D. friendship
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. A 30. C 31. D 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. B 36. D 37. A 38. D 39. C 40. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述作者通过徒步旅行从失去儿子的悲痛中走出来，更勇敢的面对生活的挑战。
【21题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当我与失去儿子的痛苦作斗争时，我在新罕布什尔州的山峰上找到了平静，那里是他度过童年的地方。A. figured out解决、计算出；B. struggled with与……斗争；C. set aside留出；D. gave away赠送。根据上句“My son, Ben, died at the age of 23.（我的儿子本23岁就去世了）”可知作者很痛苦，作者与失去儿子的痛苦作斗争。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：走路是我逃避失落痛苦的方式。A. Crying哭泣；B. Running跑；C. Walking走路；D. Chatting闲聊。根据后文“About a month after his death, I hiked Carter Dome and Mount Hight with ___4___.（他死后大约一个月，我带着悲伤徒步旅行了卡特多姆和Mount Hight ）”“walk”和“hike”为近义词。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每一步，道路和高峰给了我恢复的力量。A. power力量；B. right权力；C. chance机会；D. reason理由。根据后句“Hiking is exhausting but fun, and it teaches me that sorrow and ___19___ can live together. I find ___20___ along the way. （徒步旅行虽然很累，但也很有趣，它让我明白了悲伤和快乐可以共存，一路上我都能找到刺激）”可知每一步，道路和高峰给了作者恢复的力量。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他死后大约一个月，我带着悲伤徒步旅行了卡特多姆和Mount Hight。A. pride骄傲；B. sadness悲伤；C. fear害怕；D. respect尊重。根据上文“My son, Ben, died at the age of 23.（我的儿子本23岁就去世了）”可知作者很痛苦，带着悲伤徒步旅行了卡特多姆和Mount Hight。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：站在山顶，我俯视着我儿子喜爱的群山。A. described描述；B. explored探索；C. cleared清楚；D. overlooked俯视。根据上句“Standing at the top（站在山顶）”可知作者站在山顶，俯视着我儿子喜爱的群山。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有那么一会儿，他的死对我的打击消失了，我可以呼吸了。A. fell跌落；B. spread延伸；C. faded减弱；D. abandoned抛弃。根据后句“I could breathe.（我可以呼吸了）”可知作者的儿子的死对作者的打击消失了。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：接下来的几个周末，我征服了穆西拉克山、坎农山、弗卢姆山、自由山等等。A. protected保护；B. conquered征服；C. missed思念；D. advocated提倡。根据后句“While hiking the mountains, I ___8___ lots of difficulties--- navigating (导航) mountain roads at night, camping on the slopes and planning routes.（在登山的过程中，我克服了很多困难——晚上在山路上行走、在斜坡上露营和规划路线）”可知作者接下来的几个周末，我征服了穆西拉克山、坎农山、弗卢姆山、自由山等等。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在登山的过程中，我克服了很多困难——晚上在山路上行走、在斜坡上露营和规划路线。A. got over克服；B. got down下来；C. got out出去；D. got off下车。根据后句“navigating (导航) mountain roads at night, camping on the slopes and planning routes. Mount Cannon（晚上在山路上行走、在斜坡上露营和规划路线）”可知在登山的过程中，作者克服了很多困难。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：坎农山见证了我生活中令人兴奋的变化：我不再害怕独自行走。A. witnessed见证；B. demanded要求；C. explained解释；D. accepted接受。根据后句“I was no longer ___10___ of walking alone.（我不再害怕独自行走了）”可知坎农山见证了我生活中令人兴奋的变化。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不再害怕独自行走。A. fond喜爱；B. conscious意识到的；C. frightened害怕的；D. ashamed惭愧的。根据后句“. Instead of feeling my beating heart and anxiety inside, I began to ___11___ the snow-covered trees and the beautiful blue color of the sky.（我不再感到自己的心跳和内心的焦虑，而是开始注意到被白雪覆盖的树木和美丽的蓝色天空。）”可知我不再害怕独自行走。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不再感到自己的心跳和内心的焦虑，而是开始注意到被白雪覆盖的树木和美丽的蓝色天空。A. draw画画； B. believe相信；C. understand理解；D. notice注意到。根据后上句“Instead of feeling my beating heart and anxiety inside（而不是感受我跳动的心脏和内心的焦虑）”可知作者不再感到自己的心跳和内心的焦虑，而是开始注意到被白雪覆盖的树木和美丽的蓝色天空。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：本的死使我比以往任何时候都有了更多的户外体验。A. education教育；B. performance表演；C. experience经历；D. research研究。根据后句“I've gone from taking occasional weekend trips to ___13___ going hiking in the country for a few days.（我已经从偶尔的周末旅行变成了经常去乡间远足几天。）”可知作者儿子的死使作者比以往任何时候都有了更多的户外体验。故选C。
33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我已经从偶尔的周末旅行变成了经常去乡间远足几天。A. regularly定期地；B. eventually最后地；C. temporarily暂时地；D. permanently永久地。根据后句“going hiking in the country for a few days（乡间远足几天）”可知作者定期地到乡间远足。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我真的很后悔。A. surprised惊讶的；B. content满意的；C. curious好奇的；D. regretful后悔的、遗憾的。根据后句“If Ben lived, I would have done these things with him.（如果本还活着，我也会和他一起做这些事。）”可知作者感到很后悔。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些天我徒步寻找，而不是躲藏。A. relax放松；B. seek寻求；C. survive幸存；D. help帮助。根据后句“I find Ben, and I also find myself: I'm turning into someone ___16___ and ready to face more challenges in life.（我找到了本，也找到了自己:我正在变成一个更勇敢的人，准备好面对生活中的更多挑战）”可知作者是徒步寻找，而不是躲藏。故选B。
【36题详解】
考查形容词最高级词义辨析。句意：我找到了本，也找到了自己:我正在变成一个更勇敢的人，准备好面对生活中的更多挑战。A. wiser更明智的；B. freer更自由的；C. healthier更健康的；D. braver更勇敢的。根据后句“ready to face more challenges in life.（准备好面对生活中的更多挑战）”可知作者准备好面临更多的挑战，变成一个更勇敢的人。故选D。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：被迫分离的悲哀，成了路上的沉默。A. separation分离；B. consumption消耗；C. arrangement安排；D. retirement退休。根据上文“My son, Ben, died at the age of 23.（我的儿子本23岁就去世了）可知作者和儿子分离了。故选A。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：大自然的平静取代了失去的痛苦。A. reflects反射；B. represents代表；C. resembles相似；D. replaces代替。根据上句“The sorrow of forced ___17___ becomes the silence of the path（被迫分离的悲哀，成了路上的沉默。）”可知大自然的平静取代了失去的痛苦。故选D。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：徒步旅行虽然很累，但也很有趣，它让我明白了悲伤和快乐可以共存。A. future未来；B. luck幸运；C. joy快乐；D. sympathy同情。根据上句“Hiking is exhausting but fun（徒步旅行虽然很累，但也很有趣）”可知徒步让我明白了悲伤和快乐可以共存。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一路上我都能找到慰藉。A. adventure冒险；B. comfort安慰；C. excitement兴奋；D. friendship友谊。根据上文“the peace of nature the pain of loss.”可知一路上作者都能找到安慰。故选B。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For more than a thousand years, Cairo has been the capital city of Egypt. But that will be changed in the near future.
In December, the Egyptian ___41___(administrate) in Cairo began to move its offices to the new capital as part of a six-month trial. Not ___42___(official) named yet, the city ___43___(know) as the New Administrative Capital.
Generally ___44___(speak), the capital of a country serves as its political, ___45___(economy) and cultural center. However, in Egypt’s case, overcrowding ___46___(lead) its capital to become congested (拥堵的) and has worsened other problems such as air pollution.
Cairo, ___47___(locate) at the top of the heavily populated Nile Delta, attracts people across the country. At present, the city has more than 20 million people. But its population will double ___48___ 40 million by 2050.
The Egyptian government has great desires for the new capital, ___49___ size is much bigger. Beginning its construction in 2015, the new capital covers 714 square kilometers, nearly twice ____50____ size of Cairo.
【答案】41. administration
42. officially
43. is known
44. speaking
45. economic
46. has led
47. located
48. to 49. whose
50. the
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲了一千多年来，开罗一直是埃及的首都。但这在不久的将来就会改变。 去年12月，开罗的埃及政府开始将其办公室搬到新首都，这是为期六个月的试验的一部分。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：去年12月，开罗的埃及政府开始将其办公室搬到新首都，这是为期六个月的试验的一部分。该空作句子主语，用名词，特指“开罗的埃及政府”，用单数，故填administration。
【42题详解】
考查副词。句意：这座城市还没有正式命名，被称为新行政首都。修饰动词named，用副词，故填officially。
【43题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：这座城市还没有正式命名，被称为新行政首都。 描述一个客观的事实，用一般现在时；“the city”和“know”之间是被动关系，用被动语态；the city是单数，谓语动词用单数，故填is known。
【44题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：一般来说，首都是一个国家的政治、经济和文化中心。Generally speaking一般来说，该短语是固定短语，故填speaking。
【45题详解】
考查形容词。句意：一般来说，首都是一个国家的政治、经济和文化中心。该空修饰名词center，用形容词，故填economic。
【46题详解】
考查时态。句意：然而，在埃及，过度拥挤导致首都变得拥挤，并加剧了空气污染等其他问题。根据and后并列的谓语动词的时态，可知用现在完成时， 主语overcrowding是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数，故填has led。
【47题详解】
考查非谓语动词。 句意：开罗位于人口稠密的尼罗河三角洲的顶端，吸引着全国各地的人们。Cairo和locate之间是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语，故填located。
【48题详解】
考查介词。句意：但到2050年，它的人口将翻一番，达到4000万。 表示“达到”用介词to，故填to。
【49题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：埃及政府对规模大得多的新首都抱有极大的期望。___9___ size is much bigger. 是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the new capital，关系词在从句中作定语，用关系代词whose引导该从句，故填whose。
【50题详解】
考查倍数表达法。句意：新首都于2015年开始建设，占地714平方公里，几乎是开罗的两倍大。倍数表达法：倍数+ the +度量词 + of，故填the。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
51. 文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
By the time Tom graduated from Yale University, he has undertaken a part-time job for 3 years, from that he accumulated abundant experience. However, he was much cast down by his failure to find a satisfying job. It occur to him that he should apply to the position provide by that large company. A great many applicant participated in the interview. Apparent, the competition was fierce. The advantage was which he had a good command of English. He owed to his first English teacher that he had a good pronunciation. Fortunately, all his efforts were not in the vain and he succeeded in finding his ideal job.
【答案】1. has→had 2. that →which 3.occur→occurred
4.to→for 5.provide→provided
6.applicant→applicants 7.Apparent→Apparently 8.which→that
9.owed后加it 10.删除the
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了从耶鲁大学毕业的汤姆因为有兼职的丰富经验和精通英语而找到理想工作的故事。
【详解】1.考查时态。句意：汤姆从耶鲁大学毕业时，已经从事了三年的兼职工作，积累了丰富的经验。结合时间状语“By the time Tom graduated from Yale University”，可知句子使用过去完成时。故将has改为had。
2.考查定语从句引导词。句意：汤姆从耶鲁大学毕业时，已经从事了三年的兼职工作，积累了丰富的经验。句中含有一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是a part-time job，在从句的介词from后作宾语，指物用which引导符合题意。故将that改为which。
3.考查时态。句意：他突然想到应该申请那家大公司提供的职位。结合前后句谓语动词“was”和“participated”推断句子时态是一般过去时，谓语动词occur使用过去式occurred。故将occur改为occurred。
4.考查介词。句意：他突然想到应该申请那家大公司提供的职位。结合短语“apply to sb. for sth.”意为“向某人申请某物”，可知本题中宾语是 the position用介词for。故将to改为for。
5.考查非谓语动词。句意：他突然想到应该申请那家大公司提供的职位。that引导的主语从句的谓语动词是动词短语“should apply for”，所以provide是非谓语动词，名词the position和provide之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故将provide改为provided 。
6.考查名词单复数。句意：许多申请人参加了面试。短语“A great many”意为“许多”，修饰可数名词复数。故将applicant改为applicants。
7.考查副词。句意：显然，竞争是激烈的。修饰整个句子用副词。故将Apparent改为Apparently。
8.考查名词性从句引导词。句意：优点是他精通英语。系动词was后是表语从句，从句不缺成分用that引导，不作任何成分，只起引导作用。故将which 改为that。
9.考查it作形式宾语。句意：他的发音很好，他把它归功于他的第一位英语老师。分析句子可知owed之后应该用it作形式宾语，that从句作真正的宾语从句。故将owed后加it。
10.考查冠词。句意：幸运的是，他所有的努力都没有白费，他成功地找到了理想的工作。短语“in vain”是固定搭配，意为“徒劳的，白费的”。故删除the。
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
52. 今年暑假，你参加了一个为期一周的志愿者活动。现在请你根据下列提示，写一篇短文介绍这次难忘的经历。
1.介绍参加人员；
2.活动内容；
3.自己的收获。
注意:
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】During the summer holiday, I took part in a seven-day voluntary activity. The participants were students from different schools in our city.
In the first three days, we went around the city helping clear the litter left casually around. Every day we would collect large amounts of plastics, most of which were plastic bags. This made me realize the seriousness of the white pollution. So after we listened to a report about environmental protection, we all made up our minds to reduce the use of plastic bags in our daily life.
In the following days, we went to several nursing homes, visiting and helping the old there. From this activity, I learned a lot. It was really an unforgettable experience.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一篇短文，介绍关于今年暑假参加的为期一周的志愿者活动的难忘经历。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般过去时。
结构：总-分-总法
要点：
1.介绍参加人员；
2.活动内容；
3.自己的收获。
第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）
summer holiday；take part in；voluntary activity；clear the litter；large amounts of；plastic bags；listen to；make up one’s mind；daily life；nursing homes
第三步：连词成句
1. During the summer holiday, I took part in a seven-day voluntary activity.
2. The participants were students from different schools in our city.
3. In the first three days, we went around the city helping clear the litter left casually around.
4. Every day we would collect large amounts of plastics, most of which were plastic bags.
5. This made me realize the seriousness of the white pollution.
6. So after we listened to a report about environmental protection, we all made up our minds to reduce the use of plastic bags in our daily life.
7. In the following days, we went to several nursing homes, visiting and helping the old there.
8. It was really an unforgettable experience.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：first；In the following days；after；
2.表并列补充关系：and；What is more, Besides, Moreover（供参考）
3.表因果关系：So；As, Thus, Therefore（供参考）
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】[高分句型1] Every day we would collect large amounts of plastics, most of which were plastic bags.（使用了由which引导的非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2] So after we listened to a report about environmental protection, we all made up our minds to reduce the use of plastic bags in our daily life.（使用了由after连接的状语从句）
[高分句型3] In the following days, we went to several nursing homes, visiting and helping the old there.（使用了现在分词作状语）
听力答案：1-5 CBAAB 6-10 CBCBB 11-15 ACBAB 16-20 ACACC
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