江西省卷三年（2020-2022）中考英语真题分题型分层汇编-04短文选词填空&补全对话

江西省卷三年（2020-2022）中考英语真题分题型分层汇编

04短文选词填空&补全对话

一、短文选词填空

（2022·江西）请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，并将答案填写到答题卡的相应位置。每个词限用一次。

Wang Yaping is an astronaut. In 2013, she became the second Chinese woman to travel to ___1___. She is also famous for a physics class televised for more than 60 million people.Wang trained very hard for many years ___2___ an astronaut. The hardest part was ___3___ training. Wearing a spacesuit and carrying special and ___4___ equipment(装备), she walked several kilometers through the ___5___ and sandy desert. “Sometimes it was so windy and dusty(布满灰尘的),” she says, “that we couldn’t ___6___ each other even though we were just a few meters away.”

Wang ___7___ her job. She remembers watching the first ___8___ astronaut go into space. “I was so proud and also very excited. But ___9___ I watched it, a thought came into my mind: We have men pilots and women pilots; and ___10___ a man astronaut. When will there be a ___11___ astronaut? And today, it’s me becoming one of the first few.”

（2021·江西）

Look up at the sky at night. What can you see? Before electric lights, people could often see about 2,500 different stars. Now, light fills the skies over our cities. This is called light ___12___. Because of it, people in cities can often only see about ten ___13___!Most of the time, light helps us. We can ___14___ because of it. It gives plants energy. But light isn’t always ___15___. We need times of dark ___16___. One hundred years ago, we had those times of dark. Now the night is like day. Some scientists are worried about ___17___ this light effects（影响）our health. These scientists are studying the effects of light pollution.

Other scientists are finding ways to ___18___ light pollution and make our lives better. For example, many street lights now have covers. The covers focus the light ___19___ the ground. They stop the light from going ___20___ into the sky. They also save energy. The covers are a ___21___change, but they can ___22___ have a positive（正面的）effect.

（2020·江西）

Chile (智利) is a long and beautiful country with ocean to the west and mountains to the east. Some of the villages are a very long way from ____23____ and some of the schools are very small.It is difficult for small schools to teach science ____24____ they don’t have enough teachers or equipment (设备). This is where the Science Bus Project can help. The bus ____25____ special science teachers, new ideas and equipment to schools in different parts of the country. Sometimes the children go inside the bus for ____26____ science lessons or clubs. Sometimes the teachers ____27____ bring the equipment inside the classroom. The children do experiments (实验). The materials used in the experiments are ____28____ to find, for example recycled plastic bottles, so that the class teacher can ____29____ the experiments with the class when the bus has gone.

The ____30____ of the Science Bus Project is to bring science to children all over Chile. Since 2012, the bus has visited lots of schools in Chile, and hundreds of teachers have learned how ____31____ their science classes fun and exciting.

Science is _____32_____ for all of us, as it helps us understand our world and we can learn about it inside or outside of the classroom.

二、补全对话7选5

（2022·江西）请阅读下面对话，根据对话内容从下面七个选项中选择五个填入空白处，使对话通顺、合理，意思完整，一空一句。

(John and his friend Kate are talking on the phone. J=John, K=Kate)

J: Hello?

K: Hi, John! ___33___ You weren’t at the party last Sunday.

J: I’m on vacation right now.

K: Great! ___34___

J: I’m afraid not. It’s an unusual beach. In my opinion, the fewer people, the better.

K: ___35___

J: That’s true. The sun is shining brightly and the sea is so beautiful.

K: ___36___

J: Nothing much. I just read and rest every day. In fact, I was asleep before your call.

K: Oh, I’m sorry. ___37___

J: Thanks. See you next week.

A．Where are you?

B．That sounds nice.

C．Is it a place I know?

D．Have a great vacation.

E．Many people at the party?

F．What’s the weather like there?

G．Did you do anything special there?

（2021·江西）(Jack and Reem are talking in front of the house. Jack=J Reem=R)

J: Hey, Reem. ___38___ What’s wrong?

R: I’ve fallen out（闹翻） with Lee!

J: I can’t believe that. Calm down! ___39___

R: Well, you know we were planning to go horse riding in the summer holidays.

J: Yes.

R: Well, it’s not going to happen! He said his friend has invited him to visit him and his family in the USA this summer.

J: Well, that’s not so bad! He probably thought it was a good chance. ___40___

R: I know, but I was really looking forward to learning to ride! Anyway, we argued, and he hasn’t spoken to me all day!

J: Look, Reem, it’s not the end of the world. He’s probably upset at the moment, too. ___41___

R: Good idea. He usually listens to you.

J: Cheer up! ___42___ And Lee is, too!

R: Yes, I know. Thanks, Jack.

A．What happened?

B．You look upset.

C．I can talk to him.

D．I’m still your friend.

E．What’s your idea for that?

F．You can go horse riding with others.

G．I’m sure he didn’t want to hurt your feelings.

（2020·江西）请阅读下面对话，根据对话内容从下面方框内的七个选项中选择五个填入空白处，使对话通顺、合理，意思完整，并在答题卡上将其序号涂黑。一空一句。

(Mei and Jian are talking in the school. Mei=M Jian=J)

M: Help me, Jian. I have got to organize the school clean-up day, but I don't know what to do.

J: _____________43_____________

M: I don’t know.

J: Well, Mei. __________44__________. It's a good idea to learn what that person did.

M: OK, I will ask Ms. Robert. But I need to get started today. How should I tell other students about the event?

J: _________45_________ Everyone sees that.

M: Great idea!

J: __________46__________ Put signs on the rubbish bins (垃圾桶) to remind students not to drop litter. I can help you with that.

M: That's clever. If we start keeping the school clean, there'll be less work to do on clean-up day.

J: That’s right! And one more thing, you might try talking to teachers. _________47_________

M: Good advice, Jian. Thank you!

A．You should ask.

B．When is the clean-up day?

C．Who organized it last year?

D．Some volunteers will do the clean-up.

E．You'd better put it on the school calendar.

F．Ask them to tell their classes about the day.

G．And why don’t you get students to clean before the event?

参考答案：

1．space

2．to be

3．desert

4．heavy

5．hot

6．see

7．loves

8．Chinese

9．when

10．then

11．woman

【解析】

【导语】

本文主要讲述了宇航员王亚平凭着自己的刻苦训练和坚持成为一名女宇航员的励志故事。

1．

句意：2013年，她成为第二个进入太空的中国女性。根据“she became the second Chinese woman to travel to”及备选词可知，成为第二个进入太空的中国女性，space“太空”，故填space。

2．

句意：为了成为一名宇航员，王刻苦训练了很多年。根据“Wang trained very hard for many years … an astronaut”可知，刻苦训练是为了成为宇航员，be“成为”，动词不定式作目的状语，故填to be。

3．

句意：最难的部分是沙漠训练。根据下文“she walked several kilometers through the… and sandy desert”可知，最难在于沙漠训练，desert“沙漠”，故填desert。

4．

句意：她穿着宇航服，携带着特殊而沉重的设备，在炎热的沙漠中走了几公里。根据“carrying special and … equipment”及备选词可知，携带着特殊而沉重的设备，heavy“沉重的”，形容词作定语，故填heavy。

5．

句意：她穿着宇航服，携带着特殊而沉重的设备，在炎热的沙漠中走了几公里。根据“walked several kilometers through the… and sandy desert”可知，在炎热的沙漠中走几公里，hot“炎热的”，故填hot。

6．

句意：即使我们只有几米远，我们也看不到对方。根据“Sometimes it was so windy and dusty”及“we couldn’t … each other even though we were just a few meters away”可知，沙漠布满灰尘，即使很近也看不到对方，see“看见”，couldn’t后接动词原形，故填see。

7．

句意：王亚平热爱她的工作。根据“I was so proud and also very excited”可知，看到第一个进入太空的场景感到兴奋，由此可推断出她热爱这份工作，love“热爱”，句子是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数形式，动词用三单，故填loves。

8．

句意：她还记得第一个中国宇航员进入太空的情景。根据“She remembers watching the first…astronaut go into space”可知，此处指第一个进入太空的中国宇航员，Chinese“中国的”，故填Chinese。

9．

句意：但当我看它的时候，一个想法进入了我的脑海。空格缺少一个连词连接两个分句，备选词when“当……时”符合，故填when。

10．

句意：我们有男飞行员和女飞行员; 然后是一个宇航员。根据“We have men pilots and women pilots; and … a man astronaut”及备选词可知，接着才是宇航员，then“然后”符合，故填then。

11．

句意：什么时候将会有女宇航员？根据“We have men pilots and women pilots; and…a man astronaut”可知，有了男宇航员，想着什么时候能有女宇航员，woman“女人”，名词作定语，故填woman。

12．pollution

13．stars

14．see

15．good

16．to rest

17．how

18．stop

19．towards

20．up

21．small

22．still

【解析】

【分析】

本文主要关于光污染的问题以及阻止光污染的措施。

12．

句意：这叫光污染。阅读全文可知，本文主要讲述光污染的问题，pollution污染，名词。故填pollution。

13．

句意：正因为如此，城市里的人们常常只能看到十颗星左右！根据“Before electric lights, people could often see about 2,500 different stars.”以及“Because of it, people in cities can often only see about ten...”可知，因为光污染，城市里的人们现在只能看到大约十颗星星，备选词汇“star”符合语境，此处填名词复数stars。故填stars。

14．

句意：我们可以看到因为它。根据“Most of the time, light helps us.”以及常识可知，光可以让我们看见东西，备选词汇“see”符合语境，空前有情态动词，后接动词原形。故填see。

15．

句意：但光并不总是好的。根据“Most of the time, light helps us.”以及“But light isn’t always...”可知，此处表示转折，描述光的坏处，备选词汇“good”符合语境。故填good。

16．

句意：我们需要天黑的时候休息。根据常识可知，天黑时要我们要休息，备选词汇“rest”符合语境，need sth. to do需要某物来做。故填to rest。

17．

句意：一些科学家担心这种光如何影响我们的健康。根据“this light effects our health”可知，此处表示影响我们健康的方式，用how。故填how。

18．

句意：其他科学家正在寻找方法阻止光污染，让我们的生活更美好。根据“Other scientists are finding ways to...light pollution and make our lives better.”可知，此处表示阻止光污染，备选词汇“stop”符合语境，空前有to，用动词原形。故填stop。

19．

句意：灯罩将光线聚焦在地面上。此处表示将光聚焦到地面上，备选词汇“towards”符合语境。故填towards。

20．

句意：它们阻止光线往天上照。此处表示灯罩不让光往天上照，备选词汇“up”向上，符合语境。故填up。

21．

句意：灯罩是一个小的变化，但它们仍然可以有一个正面的影响。空处缺少一个形容词，备选词汇“small”符合语境，表示灯罩是一个小小的变化。故填small。

22．

句意：灯罩是一个小的变化，但它们仍然可以有一个正面的影响。根据“They also save energy. The covers are a...change, but they can...have a positive effect.”可知，此处表示虽然灯罩只是一个小的变化，但它们仍然有正面的影响，备选词汇“still”符合语境。故填still。

23．cities

24．because

25．brings

26．their

27．even

28．easy

29．repeat

30．goal

31．to make

32．important

【解析】

【分析】

这篇短文讲述的是智利这个国家里有很多学校距离城市较远，因为没有足够的教师或设备，它们很难上科学课。幸好现在有一个科学巴士项目，它给这个国家的很多学校带来了科学教师、新的理念以及设备。

23．

句意：有些村庄离城市很远，有些学校很小。

根据句意可知，这里表示“距离……很远”，因此city的意思符合语境。而且智利有很多城市，这里应用名词复数形式。故答案为cities。

24．

句意：小学校很难教授科学，因为它们没有足够的教师或设备。

根据句意可知，空后“…they don’t have enough teachers or equipment”解释了这些小学校很难上科学课的原因，因此这里应选择because，意为“因为”，引导原因状语从句。故答案为because。

25．

句意：这辆巴士为这个国家各地的学校带来了特殊的科学教师、新理念和设备。

根据句子结构可知，这个空是句子的谓语动词；结合句意，这里表示“把……带到……来”，因此选bring。短文使用了一般现在时，主语The bus是单数，因此动词变为三单形式。故答案为brings。

26．

句意：有时，孩子们会到公共汽车里去上科学课或参加俱乐部。

根据句意可知，这里指代孩子们的科学课，空后science lessons or clubs是名词，这里应用形容词性物主代词，作定语。they是人称代词主格形式，它的形容词性物主代词是their。故答案为their。

27．

句意：有时老师甚至把设备带进教室。

根据句意可知，这里应选择even，意为“甚至”，是一个副词，修饰动词bring，表示程度加深。故答案为even。

28．

句意：实验中使用的材料很容易找到，比如回收的塑料瓶，这样班主任可以在校车走后和全班同学一起汇报实验情况。

根据句子结构可知，这里应选择一个形容词。根据空后“for example recycled plastic bottles”可知，像回收的塑料瓶这样的实验材料是很容易找到的，故选择easy，意为“容易的”。故答案为easy。

29．

句意：实验中使用的材料很容易找到，比如回收的塑料瓶，这样班主任可以在校车走后和全班同学一起汇报实验情况。

空前can是情态动词，这里应选择一个动词。结合句中“…when the bus has gone”可知，巴士走了之后，老师可以和同学们重复实验的情况，repeat符合语境，意为“重复”。情态动词后跟动词原形，故答案为repeat。

30．

句意：科学巴士项目的目标是把科学带给智利各地的孩子们。

根据句意“…is to bring science to children all over Chile.”可知，这句话介绍的是科学巴士项目的目标是什么，因此应选择goal，意为“目标”。故答案为goal。

31．

句意：自2012年以来，巴士已经访问了智利的许多学校，数百名教师已经学会了如何使他们的科学课变得有趣和刺激。

根据句意可知，这里表示“使……怎么样”，应选择make，用于句型make+宾语+形容词作宾补。空前how是疑问词，这里应用疑问词+动词不定式形式作宾语。故答案为to make。

32．

句意：科学对我们所有人都很重要，因为它帮助我们了解我们的世界，我们可以在课堂内外了解它。

根据句中“as it helps us understand our world and we can learn about it inside or outside of the classroom.”可知，科学可以帮助我们了解世界，所以科学是非常重要的。important，形容词，“重要的”，符合语境，在句中作表语。故答案为important。

33．A

34．C

35．B

36．G

37．D

【解析】

【导语】

本文主要是John和Kate在打电话聊起John度假情况的一则对话。

33．

根据“I’m on vacation right now”可知，询问对方在哪里，A选项“你在哪”符合，故选A。

34．

根据“I’m afraid not. It’s an unusual beach”可知，询问这个度假的地方自己知不知道，C选项“是我知道的地方吗”符合，故选C。

35．

根据“That’s true. The sun is shining brightly and the sea is so beautiful”可知，此处应是对对方描述的这个地方表示赞赏，B选项“听起来很不错”符合，故选B。

36．

根据“Nothing much”可知，询问对方在那有没有做什么特别的事情，G选项“你在那里做了什么特别的事吗”符合，故选G。

37．

根据“Thanks”可知，此处应是表达祝福或祝愿的话语，D选项“祝你假期愉快”符合，故选D。

38．B

39．A

40．G

41．C

42．D

【解析】

【分析】

本段对话主要是Reem向Jack倾诉自己和Lee闹翻了，Jack对Reem进行安慰，给出建议。

38．

根据“What’s wrong?”可知，Reem不太对劲，选项B“你看起来有点不安。”符合情景，故选B。

39．

根据“I’ve fallen out（闹翻） with Lee!”和“Well, you know we were planning to go horse riding in the summer holidays.”可知，Reem和Lee闹翻了，Jack询问原因，选项A“发生了什么？”符合情景，故选A。

40．

根据“Well, that’s not so bad! He probably thought it was a good chance.”可知，此处是Jack安慰Reem，选项G“我确定他不想伤害你的感情。”符合情景，故选G。

41．

根据“Good idea. He usually listens to you.”可知，此处Jack提议自己去跟Lee谈谈，选项C“我可以和他谈谈。”符合情景，故选C。

42．

根据“Cheer up…And Lee is, too!”可知，Jack鼓励Reem振作，说自己和Lee都还是Reem的朋友，选项D“我还是你的朋友。”符合情景，故选D。

43．C

44．A

45．E

46．G

47．F

【解析】

【分析】

这个对话是在梅和健两位同学之间进行的，梅要组织一次学校大扫除的活动，她不知道怎么办，向健征求了一些建议。

43．

句意：——去年是谁组织的？——我不知道。

根据下面的回答“I don’t know”可知，这里健提出了一个问题；再根据下文“It's a good idea to learn what that person did.”健说向那个人学习一下是好主意。由此可推测，这里应该问的是去年组织这个活动的人是谁。故选C。

44．

句意：——去年是谁组织的？——我不知道。——你应该问问。跟那个人学习一下是个好主意。

根据语境可知，梅不知道去年谁组织这个活动，而健说向那个人学习是个好主意，因此他建议梅去问问这件事。A选项符合语境，故选A。

45．

句意：——我应该怎样告诉其他同学关于这个活动？——你最好把它写在学校日历上。

根据上面梅提出的问题“How should I tell other students about the event?”可知，这里应给梅提建议，告诉她如何通知同学们这件事。E选项的回答符合语境，故选E。

46．

句意：——你为什么不让学生们在活动前打扫一下呢？把标志放在垃圾桶上，提醒学生们不要乱扔垃圾。——好主意。

根据下文“That's clever. If we start keeping the school clean, there'll be less work to do on clean-up day.”可知，健让梅现在就开始付诸行动，G选项Why don’t you…是提建议的句型，符合语境，故选G。

47．

句意：——还有一件事，你可以试着和老师谈谈。让他们告诉他们的班级关于这一天的事。——好建议。

上句话“And one more thing, you might try talking to teachers.”健提出让梅去和老师谈谈，这里承接上句，健的意思是让老师去通知各班同学关于卫生大扫除日的事情。F选项符合语境，故选F。