上海高考英语完形填空专项练习

这是一份上海高考英语完形填空专项练习，共30页。
完形填空
Some literary characters capture the imagination of readers. Their adventures, experiences, talents and personalities make them ___1___. Detective Sherlock Holmes is one of these. Author Arthur Conan Doyle created Holmes in 1887 in his works. He was brilliant. Critically, his ability to notice ___2___, assemble them and draw conclusions amazed everyone. He first appeared in the story “A Study in Scarlet”The story also introduced Dr. John Watson and how he came to live with Holmes and be part of his life. Watson observes that many interesting people visit Holmes at various times during the day. Holmes informs Watson he is a “___3___detective”. These people are clients, including ___4___ from Scotland Yard, who seek his help to solve difficult cases.
Watson narrates this first case which involves the murders of two men. The story has two parts. In the first part, Holmes solves the crime and captures the killer. The second part gives the backstory as to why the killer murdered his ___5___. It was a revenge (报复) killing for their part in the death of the murderer’s fiancee.
The Red-headed League is on many people’s lists of their favorite stories ___6___ Sherlock Holmes. In this story, red-headed businessman Jabez Wilson wants Holmes’ help. Several weeks before, Wilson’s young assistant, Vincent Spaulding, had ___7___ him to reply to a newspaper ad. The ad offered ___8___ paid work to a red-headed man. Wilson gets the job and is paid 4 pounds a week for short periods of afternoon work. ___9___ suddenly without notice the job stops. Wilson wants Holmes’s assistance to discover what happened. Holmes ____10____ a description of Spaulding and goes to see him at Wilson’s shop. He notices that the knees of Spaulding’s trousers are ____11____. Then Holmes taps on the pavement ____12____Wilson’s shop. Next he calls a police inspector and the director of the bank that is behind Wilson’s shop. The four men hide in the dark bank vault (金库) and wait. Soon two men, one of whom is Spaulding, ____13____ from a tunnel cut into the vault’s floor and are captured. The two men had ____14____ the Red-headed League to keep Wilson away while they dug the ____15____ to the bank vault.
1．A．imaginable B．intelligible C．powerful D．unforgettable
2．A．criminals B．processes C．details D．expressions
3．A．consulting B．investing C．conducting D．enquiring
4．A．natives B．detectives C．officials D．rivals
5．A．colleges B．partners C．relatives D．victims
6．A．including B．representing C．involving D．praising
7．A．urged B．helped C．warned D．forced
8．A．dearly B．fully C．highly D．earnestly
9．A．Therefore B．Furthermore C．Meanwhile D．Then
10．A．turns to B．asks for C．takes down D．works out
11．A．dirty B．ordinary C．special D．wet
12．A．on top of B．at the back of C．in front of D．in the middle of
13．A．escape B．emerge C．run D．keep
14．A．invented B．organized C．supervised D．commanded
15．A．yard B．wall C．hole D．tunnel
Farmers around the world face serious challenges in growing food more effectively. Climate warming increases the risk of crop damage from insects, fungi (真菌), and bacteria. So to manage the threat, farms are turning to artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, and computer vision to target pests more ____16____.
In 2019 the United Nations reported on the pest ____17____ causing crop losses of between 20 and 40 percent of global production each year. Damage from plant diseases, it said, costs the world economy an estimated $220 billion annually, and invasive insects around $70 billion.
Smart farming is one way to combat the problem, using AI and robotics to kill bugs and reduce reliance on pesticides while ____18____ skilled worker shortages and adapting to climate change. Technologies include soil and crop sensors, satellite and drone monitoring, plus computer vision and AI data analysis to reduce the number of affected plants and increase crop ____19____.
Insect monitoring services like the UK’s Spotta offer ____20____ real-time data on invasive species. The company uses internet-connected dry traps to catch red palm weevils (象鼻虫) that attack date palms, causing more than $1 billion of losses in the Middle East, Africa, and North America each year.
Traps alert plantation workers to trees infested (寄生)with weevils so they can eliminate them before they cause any real damage. And this targeted approach means less pesticide is used, ____21____ the impact on other species.
____22____, the Californian agriculture technology startup FarmSense uses visual sensors and machine learning algorithms (算法) trained to find and track insects in real-time. With non-native invasive insect species ____23____ to increase 36 percent worldwide by 2050, these technologies could give farmers a huge advantage in eco-friendly pest control and food growing.
Precision spot spraying linked to AI is another valuable add-on that aims to ____24____ pesticide and herbicide use. Spraying entire crops can harm insect pollinators (传花粉者)like bees and becomes part of agricultural run-off when it is washed out of soil. But targeting weeds or insects using cameras and directed sprays can vastly reduce ____25____ use.
In the Czech Republic, scientists at Mendel University in Brno have built a sample robot that patrols greenhouses and can identify the different ____26____ of insect growth. It then ____27____ just enough insecticide to kill individual pests, working 24 hours a day to keep things under control.
Companies like Root AI and 80 Acres Farms are banking on indoor growing and AI-controlled systems as the future of farming. In the case of 80 Acres, its pesticide-free indoor farms are ____28____ by AI every step of the way. Robots do a lot of the work and computer vision lets them know if crops need more nutrients or if pests are causing ____29____.
Their efforts are part of what analysts say will be a $2.6 billion AI-farming market by 2025. Reimagining how farming operates will be crucial says the World Bank – reducing its greenhouse gas emissions, soil erosion, and biodiversity loss. And technology will play its part in helping farmers improve their all-around crop ____30____.
16．A．effectively B．temporarily C．desperately D．enthusiastically
17．A．mystery B．burden C．control D．challenge
18．A．conducting B．strengthening C．employing D．addressing
19．A．fields B．diseases C．yields D．sensors
20．A．targeted B．enlarged C．analysed D．downloaded
21．A．increasing B．having C．reducing D．measuring
22．A．Generally B．Similarly C．Hopefully D．Unfortunately
23．A．forecast B．growth C．cultivation D．migration
24．A．make B．direct C．instruct D．minimize
25．A．valuable B．physical C．chemical D．scientific
26．A．stages B．types C．species D．options
27．A．submits B．applies C．reduces D．produces
28．A．constructed B．demonstrated C．monitored D．managed
29．A．threat B．treatment C．evolution D．damage
30．A．association B．cultivation C．measurement D．management
Loans at public libraries fell dramatically during the pandemic (疫情), while website visits rose. If the service is to ____31____ further cuts, it needs users.
Libraries are romantic yet plain places. The romance is that of reading, and the wealth of human imagining and learning that is ____32____ in them. The plain side of libraries is more ____33____. This is the world of buildings, shelving, books, library cards, computers—and people with bodies that ____34____ space as well as minds that can be opened. It would be hard to find anyone who actively ____35____ libraries, and question the principles of self-improvement that they stand for. But when it comes to ____36____, Britain’s libraries are on less solid ground. The sector has been cut ____37____ in the past decade, with around 800 libraries across England disappearing.
The first Covid lockdown caused a new ____38____ of interest in reading, as the idea took hold that people forced to stay at home would spend more time with their noses in books — both finding out more about the virus and escaping from it. But the latest data regarding libraries is ____39____ for anyone who values them as bricks-and-mortar (实体店) places to go. The number of books borrowed in the year ending in March 2021 was 72.9m, down 56% on the previous year. Physical visits also ____40____, from 214.6m to 59.7m, compared with the fact that website visits grew by 18% to 154.7m. Of course, this is the behavior that one would expect during a pandemic. Many libraries were closed during this period, when people were ____41____ from unnecessary mixing.
Private libraries at home, whether large collections or single, untidy bookshelves, appear to be ____42____, with more ones springing up. But the hope must be that visits and loans at public libraries will soon return to their former level too. Like any other service, libraries need users. And while booksellers might in one sense be regarded as rivals (竞争对手), ____43____ the vast majority of those involved in the trade, from publishers to poets, are library lovers—as can be seen from the volumes they have inspired.
This has something to do with the romantic notion of the reader as ____44____, with every book a door to a new store of feeling or understanding. But it also shows the recognition that if books are to form part of our ____45____ life, there must be space in public for them. Books can be treasured possessions, but there is also something special about a copy that arrives in your hands having passed through those of others — and that will go on being passed between strangers who share your curiosity.
31．A．accept B．forbid C．survive D．gain
32．A．contained B．excluded C．assumed D．passed
33．A．realistic B．physical C．significant D．theoretical
34．A．occupy B．provide C．leave D．limit
35．A．boast of B．disapprove of C．set up D．clear up
36．A．capabilities B．readability C．practicalities D．originality
37．A．specially B．carefully C．massively D．completely
38．A．lack B．variety C．conflict D．increase
39．A．inspiring B．worrying C．dramatic D．predictable
40．A．collapsed B．doubled C．coincided D．restarted
41．A．concealed B．distracted C．discouraged D．protected
42．A．fading B．charming C．thrilling D．booming
43．A．in contrast B．in fact C．in addition D．in all
44．A．creator B．communicator C．explorer D．producer
45．A．personal B．independent C．balanced D．mutual
Against all our wishes, advertising works, which is why, even in hard economic times, Madison Avenue is a $34-billion-a-year business. And if Martin Lindstrom, a marketing consultant is correct, trying to ___46___ the advertisement is about to get especially hard.
83% of all forms of advertising principally ___47___ only one of our senses: sight. Hearing, however, can be just as powerful, though advertisers have taken only limited advantage of it. Historically, ads have relied on slogans(广告语)to catch our ear, ___48___ everyday sounds — a steak sizzling(发嘶嘶声), a baby laughing and other sounds we can't help paying attention to. Weave these everyday sounds into an ad campaign and we customers may be ___49___ to resist them.
According to Lindstrom, the everyday sound that is most impressive, both in terms of interest and ___50___ feelings, is a baby laughing. The other high-ranking sounds are also powerful — the sound of a car engine or a soda being poured.
In all of these cases, it doesn’t need an experienced advertisement designer to invent the sounds, associate them with meanings and then play them over and over until the subjects ___51___ them. Rather, the everyday sounds already have meanings and thus can cause a kind of ___52___ : hunger, thirst or happy expectation.
Some TV ads have already given viewers close-up shots of meat with sizzling sounds. And retailers are ___53___ . Lindstrom is now consulting with clients, intending to pipe the sound of filtering coffee or fizzing soda into the drink department or that of a baby laughing sound into the baby-food section.
Of course, this doesn’t mean that advertisers can just press the audio button ___54___ and consumers will come eagerly. Indeed, sometimes customers flee. In the early years of cell-phone use, the ringtone (铃音) of a famous cell phone brand was recognized by many people in the U.K., but soon it became widely ____55____ . That, Lindstrom says, was partly because so few users observed cell-phone manners and ____56____ accidents kept happening in places like movie theaters. The computer start-up sound has taken on the similarly negative ____57____ , because people so often hear it when they’re restarting the computer after it ____58____ . In these cases, manufacturers themselves may as well revise the bothersome sound or ____59____ it entirely.
Lindstrom's experiment also shows that people respond to a sound better when it’s ____60____ . If nothing else, smart marketers may at least keep the volume low.
46．A．tune out B．admit to C．depend on D．take over
47．A．evaluate B．spoil C．engage D．portray
48．A．classifying B．ignoring C．challenging D．representing
49．A．sensible B．selfish C．powerless D．pleasant
50．A．hollow B．positive C．violent D．foreign
51．A．infer B．reject C．internalize D．perform
52．A．consumption B．reaction C．favor D．spread
53．A．following suit B．cooling down C．losing heart D．taking risks
54．A．on guard B．with ease C．under way D．in reality
55．A．disliked B．observed C．represented D．enveloped
56．A．objective B．temporary C．mysterious D．annoying
57．A．association B．agreement C．tip D．symptom
58．A．responded B．revived C．crashed D．persisted
59．A．replace B．rescue C．balance D．refund
60．A．optional B．random C．specific D．faint
Keeping The Taps Running in Thirsty Cities
Water covers 71% of Earth’s surface yet only 2% of it is accessible as a source of fresh water. ___61___ on this limited resources is rising, a trend likely to continue.
It is important to recognize that it is not just city residents who ___62___ water. Agriculture, industry and tourism often require more water than the municipal water supply. Globally, 70% of fresh water is ___63___ for agriculture, but locally in heavily irrigated(灌溉)areas this can increate to 90%. A healthy environment also requires fresh water, and the quality of available water is as important as its ___64___.
Water stress is not always caused by physical shortages in dry areas. ___65___ for water resources between different users within river catchments or basins can also be a cause.
Every thirsty city operates within its own context, __66__ to the challenge of providing adequate water supplies. Cape Town, ___67___, has faced three years of drought during which winter rains failed to materialize. At the end of the 2017 rainy season the city faced the ___68___ of its dams running dry during 2018. The dams were only 37% full—in the same week four years before they were full to the top. In January 2018, it was ___69___ that Cape Town would reach Day Zero, when it would be forced to turn off the taps, in April. This was despite the city reducing its water use by more than half, from 1.2 billion litres a day in 2015 to fewer than 600 million litres, and working ___70___ with industry and agriculture to reduce demand.
On February 1, the authorities put in place a strict limit of 50 litres of water per person per day. ___71___, in Britain this is considered enough for a five-minute shower of half a washing machine cycle on full load.
In addition, a ban was placed on using ___72___ water for gardens, water management devices were installed at household with a high water use and the water pressure was reduced to cut demand and leaks. At the same, the city launched a media ___73___ to change habits and introduced higher duties. This is not without its costs; agriculture and tourism, both significant areas of employment, have ___74___. It is a classic example of the problem of water economics-the cost of water is low but the cost of a lack of water is very high.
Crises such as the Cape Town drought are in danger of becoming the new norm. The ___75___ of Day Zero must serve as a wake-up call for cities across the world to develop cost-effective water management strategies to cope with an uncertain future.
61．A．Impact B．Pressure C．Impression D．Observation
62．A．recycle B．waste C．consume D．apply
63．A．restored B．abstracted C．separated D．preserved
64．A．change B．source C．origin D．volume
65．A．Competition B．Protection C．Construction D．Regulation
66．A．contributing B．regarding C．responding D．referring
67．A．in addition B．for example C．on the contrary D．as a result
68．A．prospect B．illustration C．symptom D．security
69．A．reported B．presented C．predicted D．explained
70．A．respectively B．increasingly C．restrictively D．extensively
71．A．By comparison B．In other words C．To our surprise D．What’s more
72．A．feasible B．drinkable C．inevitable D．influential
73．A．campaign B．statement C．presentation D．advertisement
74．A．invaded B．liberated C．suffered D．proceeded
75．A．change B．theory C．record D．threat
For centuries, time was measured by the position of the sun with the use of sundials. Noon was recognized when the sun was the highest in the sky, and cities would set their clock by this apparent ___76___ time, even though some cities would often be on a slightly different time. Daylight Saving Time (DST), sometimes called summer time, was ___77___ to make better use of daylight. Thus, clocks are set forward one hour in the spring to move an hour of daylight from the morning to the evening and then set back one hour in the fall to return to ___78___ daylight.
Benjamin Franklin first conceived the idea of daylight saving during his term as an American delegate in Paris in 1784 and wrote about it ___79___ in his essay, “An Economical Project.” It is said that Franklin awoke early one morning and was surprised to see the sunlight at such an hour. Always the ___80___, Franklin believed the practice of moving the time could save on the use of candlelight, as candles were expensive at the time.
In England, builder William Willett (1857–1915) became a strong supporter for Daylight Saving Time upon noticing blinds(百叶窗) of many houses were ___81___ on an early sunny morning. Willet believed everyone, including himself, would appreciate longer hours of light in the evenings. In 1909, Sir Robert Pearce ___82___ a bill in the House of Commons to make it obligatory(义务) to ___83___ the clocks. A bill was drafted and introduced into Parliament several times but met with great opposition, mostly from farmers. ___84___, in 1925, it was decided that summer time should begin on the day following the third Saturday in April and close after the first Saturday in October.
The U.S. Congress passed the Standard Time Act of 1918 to establish standard time and ___85___ and set Daylight Saving Time across the continent. This act also devised(制定) five time ___86___ throughout the United States: Eastern, Central, Mountain, Pacific, and Alaska. The first time zone was set on “the mean astronomical time of the seventy-fifth degree of longitude west from Greenwich” (England). In 1919, this act was abandoned.
President Roosevelt established year-round Daylight Saving Time (also called War Time) from 1942–1945. However, after this period, each state ___87___ its own DST, which proved to be ___88___ to television and radio broadcasting and transportation. In 1966, President Lyndon Johnson created the Department of Transportation and signed the Uniform Time Act. As a result, the Department of Transportation was given the responsibility for the time laws. During the oil embargo(禁运) and energy crisis of the 1970s, President Richard Nixon ___89___ DST through the Daylight Saving Time Energy Act of 1973 to conserve energy further. This law was ___90___ in 1986, and Daylight Saving Time was reset to begin on the first Sunday in April (to spring ahead) and end on the last Sunday in October (to fall back).
76．A．popular B．solar C．particular D．singular
77．A．employed B．evaluated C．distributed D．contributed
78．A．fruitful B．full C．beautiful D．normal
79．A．negatively B．alternatively C．extensively D．aggressively
80．A．journalist B．physicist C．chemist D．economist
81．A．closed B．opened C．fixed D．installed
82．A．introduced B．restricted C．donated D．deleted
83．A．stop B．adjust C．wind D．mend
84．A．Permanently B．Eventually C．Unfortunately D．Theoretically
85．A．reserve B．persevere C．preserve D．observe
86．A．places B．districts C．zones D．territories
87．A．interrupted B．tempted C．imported D．adopted
88．A．pleasing B．confusing C．convincing D．comforting
89．A．extended B．afforded C．abandoned D．defended
90．A．assembled B．combined C．abused D．modified




参考答案：
1．D
2．C
3．A
4．B
5．D
6．C
7．A
8．C
9．D
10．B
11．A
12．C
13．B
14．A
15．D
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了令读者印象深刻的文学形象——福尔摩斯。
1．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的冒险、经历、才华和个性都让人难以忘怀。A. imaginable可想象的；B. intelligible明白易懂的；C. powerful强大的；D. unforgettable难以忘怀的。根据第一段“Some literary characters capture the imagination of readers.”可知，一些文学人物让人印象深刻。故选D项。
2．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：关键的是，他注意到细节，将它们组合起来并得出结论的能力令所有人惊叹。A. criminals罪犯；B. processes过程；C. details细节；D. expressions表达。根据“He was brilliant.”以及空后的“assemble them and draw conclusions amazed everyone.”可知，福尔摩斯善于寻找细节并依据细节得出结论。故选C项。
3．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：福尔摩斯告诉华生他是一名咨询侦探。A. consulting 咨询；商量；B. investing投资；C. conducting实施；D. enquiring询问。根据后文“These people are clients, including ___4___ from Scotland Yard, who seek his help to solve difficult cases.”可知，这些顾客都是来找福尔摩斯寻求帮助解决棘手的案件的。故选A项。
4．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些人都是他的客户，其中包括来自伦敦警察厅的侦探，他们寻求他的帮助来解决棘手的案件。A. natives本地人；B. detectives侦探；C. officials 官员；D. rivals对手。根据后文“who seek his help to solve difficult cases.”可知来找福尔摩斯寻求帮助的是一些试图解决棘手案件的侦探。故选B项。
5．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二部分给出了为什么凶手杀害受害者的背景故事。A. colleges同事；B. partners伙伴；C. relatives亲戚；D. victims受害者。根据前文 “Watson narrates this first case which involves the murders of two men.”以及“It was a revenge killing for their part in the death of the murderer’s fiancee.”可知，此处指为什么凶手杀害受害者。故选D项。
6．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：红发联盟是许多人最喜欢的和福尔摩斯有关的故事之一。A. including包含；B. representing代表；C. involving涉及；D. praising表扬。根据后文“In this story, red-headed businessman Jabez Wilson wants Holmes’ help.”可知，故事涉及到了福尔摩斯。故选C项。
7．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：几个星期前，威尔逊的年轻助手文森特·斯波尔丁敦促他回复报纸上的一则广告。A. urged力劝；B. helped帮助；C. warned警告；D. forced强迫。根据“The two men had ___14___ the Red-headed League to keep Wilson away while they dug the ___15___ to the bank vault.”可知，红发联盟的高薪工作的广告是斯伯丁和同伙发明的，目的就是为了引开威尔逊的注意，所以才极力说服威尔逊去应聘。故选A项。
8．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：广告给一个红头发的人提供了高薪工作。威尔逊得到了这份工作，每周有4英镑的报酬，下午有短暂的工作时间。”A. dearly深深地；B. fully完全地；C. highly高度地；D. earnestly认真地。根据“4 pounds a week for short periods of afternoon work.”可知，只在下午工作极短的时间就可以每周得到四英镑，所以薪水很高。故选C项。
9．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，突然在没有任何通知的情况下工作停止了。 A. Therefore因此；B. Furthermore而且；C. Meanwhile同时；D. Then然后。根据后文“Wilson wants Holmes’s assistance to discover what happened.”可知，威尔逊找到福尔摩斯的助手让他查明工作突然停止的原因，此处在叙述故事的发展过程。故选D项。
10．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：福尔摩斯要求他描述一下斯波尔丁的样子，然后到威尔逊的店里去见他。A. turns to转到；B. asks for要求；C. takes down写下；D. works out算出。根据“He notices that the knees of Spaulding’s trousers are ___11___ .”可知，福尔摩斯去见了斯波尔丁，所以事先让威尔逊描述他的样子。故选B项。
11．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他注意到斯波尔丁的裤子的膝盖部分很脏。A. dirty脏的；B. ordinary普通的；C. special特殊的；D. wet湿的。根据后文“Soon two men, one of whom is Spaulding, ___13___ from a tunnel cut into the vault’s floor and are captured. The two men had ___14___ the Red-headed League to keep Wilson away while they dug the ___15___   to the bank vault.”可知，斯波尔丁参与挖金库地下通道的工作，所以裤子的膝盖部位是脏的。故选A项。
12．
考查介词短语辨析。句意：接着，福尔摩斯敲着威尔逊铺子前的人行道。A. on top of在……顶上；B. at the back of在……后面；C. in front of在……前面；D. in the middle of在……中间。根据“Next he calls a police inspector and the director of the bank that is behind Wilson’s shop.”可知，银行就在威尔逊商店的后面，所以人行道应该在威尔逊店铺的前面，故选C项。
13．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，两名男子，其中一个是斯波尓丁，从一条通往金库地板的隧道中出来，并被抓获。A. escape逃跑；B. emerge出现；C. run跑；D. keep保持。根据后文“and are captured.”可知，斯波尔丁和他的同伙一出现就被捕获。故选B项。
14．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两个人创立了红发联盟，目的是在挖通往银行的隧道时不让威尔逊靠近。A. invented发明；B. organized组织；C. supervised监督；D. commanded命令。根据“to keep Wilson away while they dug the ___15___ to the bank vault.”可知，斯波尔丁和他的同伙为了不让威尔逊发现他们的罪行，所以就发明了红发联盟的招聘广告，并力劝威尔逊去应聘。所以选A 项。
15．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这两个人创立了红发联盟，目的是在挖通往银行的隧道时不让威尔逊靠近。A.yard院子；B. wall墙；C. hole洞；D. tunnel。根据上文“Soon two men, one of whom is Spaulding, ___13___ from a tunnel cut into the vault’s floor and are captured.”可知，斯波尔丁和他的同伙在挖通往银行的通道。故选D项。
16．A
17．B
18．D
19．C
20．A
21．C
22．B
23．A
24．D
25．C
26．A
27．B
28．C
29．D
30．D
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了世界各地的农民在更有效地种植粮食方面面临严峻挑战，气候变暖增加了昆虫、真菌和细菌对作物造成损害的风险。为了应对威胁，农场正在转向人工智能、机器人技术和计算机视觉来更有效地清理害虫。
16．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，为了应对威胁，农场正在转向人工智能、机器人技术和计算机视觉来更有效地瞄准害虫。A.   effectively有效地；B.   temporarily暂时地；C. desperately绝望地；D. enthusiastically热情地。根据前文的“Climate warming increases the risk of crop damage from insects, fungi, and bacteria. （气候变暖增加了昆虫、真菌和细菌对作物造成损害的风险。）”和第一句中的“effectively（有效地）”可知，农场想要更加有效地应对害虫带来的威胁。故选A项。
17．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：2019 年，联合国报告了每年造成全球产量 20% 至 40% 的作物损失的害虫负担。A. mystery神秘；B. burden负担；C. control控制；D.   challenge挑战。根据后文的“causing crop losses of between 20 and 40 percent of global production each year...costs the world economy an estimated $220 billion annually（每年造成全球产量的 20%至40% 的作物损失，每年给世界经济造成的损失估计为2200亿美元）”可知，害虫为农业生产带来了巨大的负担。故选B项。
18．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：智能农业是解决这一问题的一种方法，它使用人工智能和机器人技术来杀死虫子并减少对杀虫剂的依赖，同时解决技术工人短缺和适应气候变化的问题。A. conducting实施；B. strengthening增强；C. employing雇佣；D. addressing解决。根据前文的“combat the problem（解决问题）”可知，while后面表达的也是解决问题之意。故选D项。
19．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：技术包括了土壤和作物传感器、卫星和无人机监测，以及计算机视觉和人工智能数据分析，以减少受影响植物的数量并提高作物产量。 A. fields田地；B. diseases疾病；C. yields收益，产量；D. sensors感受器。根据第2题的分析可知，害虫导致作物产量降低，采取新技术手段是为了增加作物的产量。故选C项。
20．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：英国的 Spotta 等昆虫监测服务公司提供有针对性的入侵物种实时数据。 A. targeted有针对性的；B. enlarged扩大的；C. analysed分析的； D. downloaded下载的。根据下文的“this targeted approach means less pesticide is used（这种有针对性的方法意味着使用更少的农药）”可知，新方法能够有针对性地提供入侵物种的实时数据。故选A项。
21．
考查动词词义辨析。句意： 而这种有针对性的方法意味着使用更少的农药，减少对其他物种的影响。A. increasing增加；B. having拥有；C. reducing减少；D.   measuring测量。根据前文的“less pesticide is used（使用更少的农药）”可知，其他物种受到的影响会减少。故选C项。
22．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：类似地，加利福尼亚农业技术初创公司 FarmSense 使用经过训练的视觉传感器和机器学习算法来实时发现和跟踪昆虫。 A. Generally大体上；B. Similarly类似地；C. Hopefully充满希望地；D. Unfortunately不幸地。根据第5题的分析和后文的“find and track insects in real-time（实时查找和跟踪昆虫）”可知，两家公司都是采用新技术来应对害虫带来的威胁。故选B项。
23．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过预测，到 2050年全球非本地入侵昆虫物种将增加36%，这些技术可以为农民提供生态友好型害虫防治和粮食种植方面的巨大优势。A. forecast预测；B. growth生长；C. cultivation培养；D. migration移民。根据后文的“increase 36 percent worldwide by 2050（到2050年全球增长 36%）”可知，这是对非本地入侵昆虫物种的一种预测。故选A项。
24．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：与人工智能相关的精确点喷是另一个有价值的附加功能，旨在最大限度地减少杀虫剂和除草剂的使用。 A. make制作；B. direct指导；C. instruct命令；D. minimize减少。根据后文的“vastly reduce... use（大大减少……的使用）”可知，此处应该填入reduce的同义词。故选D项。
25．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是使用摄像头和定向喷雾瞄准杂草或昆虫可以大大减少化学品的使用。 A. valuable有价值的；B.   physical身体的；C. chemical化学的；D. scientific科学的。根据前文的“reduce pesticide and herbicide use（减少杀虫剂和除草剂的使用）”可知，杀虫剂和除草剂都是化学药品。故选C项。
26．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在捷克共和国，布尔诺孟德尔大学的科学家们建造了一个样本机器人，它可以在温室中巡逻，并可以识别昆虫生长的不同阶段。A.   stages阶段；B. types种类；C.   species物种；D. options选择。根据后文的“insect growth（昆虫生长）”可知，这是一个过程，它自然分为不同的阶段。故选A项。
27．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，它使用足够的杀虫剂杀死个别害虫，每天 24 小时工作以控制昆虫的乘长。 A. submits提交；B. applies申请，使用，应用；C. reduces减少；D. produces生产。根据后文的“enough insecticide to kill individual pests（足够的杀虫剂杀死个别害虫）”可知，机器人使用杀虫剂杀死害虫。故选B项。
28．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：以 80 英亩为例，其无农药室内农场的每一步都有 AI 监控。A. constructed建设；B. demonstrated示范；C. monitored监测；D. managed设法做成。根据前文的“Companies like Root AI and 80 Acres Farms are banking on indoor growing and AI-controlled systems as the future of farming. （Root AI 和 80 Acres Farms 等公司将室内种植和人工智能控制系统视为农业的未来。）”可知，这些公司使用人工智能技术来监控农业生产。故选C项。
29．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：机器人做了很多工作，计算机视觉让它们知道农作物是否需要更多的营养，或者害虫是否正在造成损害。 A. threat威胁； B. treatment对待；C. evolution演化；D. damage损害。根据第2题的分析可知，害虫带来的是损害。故选D项。
30．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：科技将发挥作用，帮助农民全面提高作物管理水平。A. association联系；B. cultivation培养；C. measurement测量；D. management经营，管理。根据前文的“reimagining how farming operates（重新构想农业的运作方式）”可知，这是与农场的经营管理有关的。故选D项。
31．C
32．A
33．B
34．A
35．B
36．C
37．C
38．D
39．B
40．A
41．C
42．D
43．B
44．C
45．D
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了图书馆是一个浪漫的地方，在图书馆获得知识和文学艺术是非常宝贵的。同时，一些地区的图书馆面临着读者减少的困难，但作者认为图书馆将有一个美好的未来。
31．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果这项服务想要在进一步的削减中存活下来，它需要用户。A. accept接受；B. forbid禁止；C. survive幸存、存活；D. gain获得。根据下文“it needs users(它需要用户)”可知，此处指要想存活下来需要用户，所以用survive表示“幸存、存活”符合语境。故选C项。
32．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：浪漫在于阅读，以及其中蕴含的丰富的人类想象和知识。A. contained包含；B. excluded排除；C. assumed假定；D. passed经过。根据空格前的learning可知，此处指知识被包含其中的，所以用be contained表示“被包含”符合语境。故选A项。
33．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：图书馆朴实的一面更注重实体。A. realistic现实可行的；B. physical有形的、实体的、身体的；C. significant意义重大的；D. theoretical理论的。根据下文“This is the world of buildings, shelving, books, library cards, computers”可知，图书馆更注重实体。故选B项。
34．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一个有建筑、书架、书籍、借书证、电脑的世界——还有人，他们的身体既能占据空间，也能拥有可以打开的思想。A. occupy占据；B. provide提供；C. leave离开；D. limit限制。根据空格后的space可知，此处用occupy表示身体能“占据”空间，符合语境。故选A项。
35．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：很难找到一个积极反对图书馆、质疑图书馆所主张的自我完善原则的人。A. boast of 吹牛；B. disapprove of不赞成；C. set up建立；D. clear up清理。根据“and question”可知，此处用disapprove of与question呼应，表示“不赞成、反对”。故选B项。
36．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当涉及到实体时，英国的图书馆就没有那么坚实的基础了。A.capabilities能力、功能；B.readability可读性；C.practicalities实用性、实践性；D.originality独创性。根据下文“with around 800 libraries across England disappearing.”可知，此处指图书馆的实体。故选C项。
37．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：在过去的十年里，这个部门被大幅削减，全英国大约有800家图书馆消失了。 A. specially专门地、特殊地；B. carefully仔细地；C. massively大量地、大幅度地；D. completely完全地。根据下文“with around 800 libraries across England disappearing.(全英国约有800家图书馆正在消失。)”可知，此处用massively表示被“大量地”削减，符合语境。故选C项。
38．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：新冠肺炎疫情的首次封锁引发了人们对阅读的兴趣的新增加，因为人们认为被迫待在家里的人会花更多的时间在书本上，既了解更多的病毒，也逃离它。A. lack缺乏；B. variety多样性；C. conflict冲突；D. increase增加。根据下文“as the idea took hold that people forced to stay at home would spend more time with their noses in books(人们认为，被迫呆在家里的人会花更多的时间在书本上 )”可知，人们以为被迫呆在家会促使人们多阅读。故选D项。
39．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，关于图书馆的最新数据让那些把图书馆视为实体场所的人感到担忧。A. inspiring鼓舞人心的；B. worrying令人担忧的；C. dramatic急剧的；D. predictable可预测的。根据下文“The number of books borrowed in the year ending in March 2021 was 72.9m, down 56% on the previous year.(在截至2021年3月的一年中，图书借阅数量为7290万册，比上年下降56%)”可知，这些数据是令人担忧的。故选B项。
40．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在截至2021年3月的一年中，图书借阅数量为7290万册，比上年下降56%。与网站访问量增长18%至1.547亿相比，实体图书馆的访问量也大幅下降，从2.146亿人次降至5970万人次。A. collapsed暴跌、崩溃；B. doubled加倍；C. coincided巧合、同时发生；D. restarted重启。根据下文“compared with the fact that website visits grew by 18% to 154.7m.(相比之下，网站访问量增长了18%，达到1.547亿。)”可知，与网站访问量增长形成对比的是实体图书馆访问量的大幅下降。故选A项。
41．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多图书馆在这一时期关闭了，人们不被鼓励不必要的交往。A. concealed隐藏；B. distracted分心；C. discouraged劝阻，阻碍；D. protected保护。根据上文“Many libraries were closed during this period(许多图书馆在此期间关闭)”可知，图书馆关闭就意味着不鼓励非必要的交往。故选C项。
42．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：国内的私人图书馆，无论是大量的藏书还是单独的、凌乱的书架，似乎都在蓬勃发展，越来越多的私人图书馆如雨后春笋般涌现。 A. fading褪色的、衰退的；B. charming迷人的；C. thrilling令人激动的；D. booming繁荣的、迅速发展的。根据下文“with more ones springing up.(如雨后春笋般涌现)”可知，此处用booming表示“迅速发展”符合语境。故选D项。
43．
考查介词短语辨析。句意：虽然书商在某种意义上可能被视为竞争对手，但事实上，从出版商到诗人，绝大多数从事这一行业的人都是图书馆爱好者——从他们创作的书籍中就可以看出这一点。A. in contrast与此相反；B. in fact事实上；C. in addition另外；D. in all总共。根据下文“the vast majority of those involved in the trade, from publishers to poets, are library lovers(从出版商到诗人，从事这一行业的绝大多数人都是图书馆爱好者 )”可知，此处是陈述的事实，所以用in fact表示“事实上”符合语境。故选B项。
44．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这与读者是探险家的浪漫观念有关，每一本书都是一扇通向新的感觉或理解的门。A. creator创作者；B. communicator交流者；C. explorer探险家、勘探者；D. producer生产者。根据下文“with every book a door to a new store of feeling or understanding.(每一本书都是通向新感觉或新理解的大门)”可知，通向新感觉或新理解与探险有关，此处用explorer表示“探险家”的浪漫观念有关。故选C项。
45．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这也表明，人们认识到，如果要让书籍成为我们共同生活的一部分，就必须在公共场所为它们留出空间。A. personal个人的；B. independent独立的；C. balanced平衡的；D. mutual相互的、共同的。根据“there must be space in public for them. ”可知，图书馆是共同生活的一部分。故选D项。
46．A
47．C
48．D
49．C
50．B
51．C
52．B
53．A
54．B
55．A
56．D
57．A
58．C
59．A
60．D
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了多数广告主要通过视觉方面吸引我们的注意力，但也有不少通过广告标语的播放来引起我们的关注。本文还分析了为什么消费者对于不同的广告声音有不同的反应。
46．
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：如果市场营销顾问Martin Lindstrom 是对的，那么尝试不关注广告将会变得特别难。A. tune out不理睬；B. admit to承认；C. depend on依靠；D. take over接管。根据前文“Against all our wishes, advertising works, which is why, even in hard economic times, Madison Avenue is a $34-billion-a-year business.”以及后文“83% of all forms of advertising principally ___2___ only one of our senses: sight.”可知，广告行业即使在经济困难时期依然有利可图，而广告主要通过视觉来吸引我们的注意力。换言之，我们想要摆脱掉广告，不去注意它们，不去理会它们相当困难。故选A项。
47．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：83%的广告形式主要是吸引我们的一个感官:视觉。A. evaluate评估；B. spoil毁坏；C. engage吸引；D. portray描绘。根据后文“Hearing, however, can be just as powerful, though advertisers have taken only limited advantage of it.”可知，广告商会利用听觉与视觉效果去吸引消费注意力，只不过听觉被利用地很有限。换言之，视觉是主要用来吸引消费者注意力的方式。故选C项。
48．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：历史上，广告依赖广告标语来吸引我们的耳朵，这些标语使用了我们每天听到的声音——炸牛排发出的嘶嘶声、婴儿的笑声以及我们情不自禁去关注的声音。A. classifying分类；B. ignoring忽视；C. challenging挑战；D. representing代表。根据后文“Weave these everyday sounds into an ad campaign and we customers may be ___4___ to resist them.”可知，广告商会把我们每天常常听到的声音放到广告标语里来吸引我们的关注,因为这些声音很有代表性。故选D项。
49．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：把这些声音融入到广告当中，我们消费者可能对此没有抵抗力。A. sensible理智的；B. selfish自私的；C. powerless无能为力的；D. pleasant令人愉悦的。根据后文“According to Lindstrom, the everyday sound that is most impressive,both in terms of interest and ___5___ feelings, is a baby laughing. The other high-ranking sounds are also powerful-the sound of a car engine or a soda being poured.”可知，我们每天常常听到的声音诸如小孩的笑声是有趣且有积极的情感影响，因此对于这些声音放到广告标语里我们是没有能力去抵抗的。故选C项。
50．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：根据Lindstrom，婴儿的笑声是我们每天听到的声音中最令人印象深刻的，因为它既有趣又传达积极的情绪。A. hollow中空的；B. positive积极的；C. violent暴力的；D. foreign国外的。根据后文“The other high-ranking sounds are also powerful-the sound of a car engine or a soda being poured. ”可知，其它有影响力的声音还有汽车引擎声以及苏打水喷出来的声音，但这些声音都不如婴儿笑声更令人印象深刻。故选B项。
51．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有的例子都表明并不需要一个有经验的广告设计师来发明出声音，赋予它们含义，然后一遍又一遍地播放着这些声音直到广告针对的对象把它们内化到骨子里。A. infer推断；B. reject拒绝；C. internalize使内化；D. perform表演。根据前文“Weave these everyday sounds into an ad campaign and we customers may be ___4___ to resist them.”以及后文“Rather, the everyday sounds already have meanings and thus can cause a kind of ___7___ : hunger, thirst or happy expectation.”可知，我们每天听到的声音有着它们特殊的意义，会带来某种情绪上的反应，所以我们很难不去听广告标语。因此广告标语实际上就是不断重复播放某个声音，然后目标客户自然而然地将这些声音内化了。故选C项。
52．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：反而，那些每天听到的声音已经有它们对应的含义，并且能引起某种反应：饥饿感、口渴或者是快乐的期待。A. consumption消费；B. reaction反应；C. favor赞成；D. spread传播。根据空格后面的“hunger, thirst or happy expectation”可知，饥饿感、口渴以及快乐的期待是这些日常听到的声音所带来的具体的反应。故选B项。
53．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：一些电视广告给观众看正在发出嘶嘶声的肉的近距离的镜头。一些零售商也跟着效仿。A. following suit效仿；B. cooling down冷却下来；C. losing heart气馁；D. taking risks冒险。根据后文“Lindstrom is now consulting with clients, intending to pipe the sound of filtering coffee or fizzing soda into the drink department or that of a baby laughing sound into the baby-food section.”可知，零售商们在他们要卖的产品的区域播放相关产品的声音来达到吸引顾客的目的。他们的做法其实就是模仿了电视广告的做法。故选A项。
54．
考查介词短语辨析。句意：当然，这并不意味广告商们只要轻轻松松按下声音的播放按钮，就会有顾客急切地过来消费。A. on guard警戒；B. with ease轻松地、容易地；C. under way在进行中；D. in reality事实上。根据后文“Indeed, sometimes customers flee.”可知，播放顾客熟悉的那些日常声音的做法并不是百试百灵，也要失败的时候，顾客也会选择离开而不去购买相关产品。故选B项。
55．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在手机刚出现的早些年，英国很多人能够听出某个品牌手机的铃声，但很快这些铃声就不受待见了。A. disliked不喜欢；B. observed观察；C. represented代表；D. enveloped包围。根据后文“That, Lindstrom says, was partly because so few users observed cell-phone manners and ___11___ accidents kept happening in places like movie theaters. The computer start-up sound has taken on the similarly negative ___12___ , because people so often hear it when they're restarting the computer after it ___13___ .”可知，有些声音不适合某些场合使用或者这些声音有着消极的意义。因此，这些声音听久了也会让人厌烦。故选A项。
56．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Lindstrom说这部分原因是很少手机用户会遵守手机的使用规则，所以像在影院这些地方会经常发生一些令人恼火的事。A. objective客观的；B. temporary短暂的；C. mysterious神秘的；D. annoying令人恼火的。根据前文“In the early years of cell-phone use, the ringtone (铃音) of a famous cell phone brand was recognized by many people in the U.K., but soon it became widely ___10___ .”可知，正是因为某些声音经常被播放，慢慢的就引起人们的反感。因此，在影院等地方听到手机铃声响是令人恼火的。故选D项。
57．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：电脑开机的声音让人有着同样消极的联想，因为在电脑崩溃后重启它，人们也会听到这个开机声。A. association联想；B. agreement同意；C. tip提示；D. symptom症状。根据后文“In these cases, manufacturers themselves may as well revise the bothersome sound or ___14___ it entirely.”可知，一些如电脑开机声令人厌烦，生产商该去修改这些声音，因为它们会让人们产生消极的联想。故选A项。
58．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：电脑开机的声音让人有着同样消极的联想，因为在电脑崩溃后重启它，人们也会听到这个开机声。A. responded回应；B. revived复苏；C. crashed崩溃；D. persisted坚持。根据 本句中的“when they're restarting the computer”可知，重启电脑也会听到开机声。也就是说电脑出故障崩溃了需要重启。故选C项。
59．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这些例子中，生产商们不妨修正一下这些令人厌烦的声音或者完全替换掉它们。A. replace取代；B. rescue救援；C. balance平衡；D. refund退款。根据“manufacturers themselves may as well revise the bothersome sound”可知，要么对这些声音做改进，要么就替换掉它们。故选A项。
60．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Lindstrom的实验也表明了当一个声音很微弱时，人们对这个声音的反应会更好。A. optional可选择的；B. random随机的；C. specific具体的；D. faint微弱的。根据后文“If nothing else, smart marketers may at least keep the volume low.”可知，要是没有其他可想的办法，至少把声音降低或许会更好。因此，播放的声音小的可能有不一样的效果。故选D项。
61．B
62．C
63．B
64．D
65．A
66．C
67．B
68．A
69．C
70．D
71．A
72．B
73．A
74．C
75．D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。作者通过开普敦缺水以及所采取的措施告诉我们，有限的淡水资源成本很低，但是缺水的成本非常高，呼吁世界各地的城市制定具有成本效益的水资源管理战略，以应对不确定的未来。
61．考查名词辨析。A. Impact影响；B. Pressure压力；C. Impression印象； D. Observation观察。句意:对这一有限资源的压力正在增加，这一趋势可能继续下去。由下文可知，农业，工业，旅游业，城市居民都需要用大量的水，所以对于这有限的水资源的压力正在增加。故B选项切题。
62．考查动词辨析。A. recycle使再循环；B. waste 浪费；C. consume 消耗；D. apply应用。句意:重要的是要认识到，用水的不仅仅是城市居民。城市居民用水，就是在消耗水资源。故C选项切题。
63．考查动词辨析。A. restored 恢复；B. abstracted提取；C. separated分开；D. preserved维护。句意:在全球范围内，70 %的淡水被提取用于农业，但是在灌溉量大的地区，这一比例会增加到90 %。 2%的淡水中的70 %的水量被分配给了农业。故B选项切题。
64．考查名词辨析。A. change改变；B. source源头；C. origin起源；D. volume容量。句意:健康的环境也需要淡水，可用水的质量和水量一样重要。由“quality”可知，这里在把水的质量和数量进行同级比较。所以“quality”对应词为volume。故D选项切题。
65．考查名词辨析。A. Competition竞争；B. Protection 保护；C. Construction 建设；D. Regulation规则。句意:河流集水区或流域内不同用户之间对水资源的竞争也是一个原因。由“Water stress is not always caused by physical shortages in dry areas”可知，短文在说明缺水的不总是自然原因造成的，还有人为之间的竞争造成的。故A选项切题。
66．考查动词辨析。A. contributing捐助；B. regarding认为；C. responding回应； D. referring提及。句意:每个缺水的城市都在自己的环境中运作，应对提供充足供水的挑战。由句意可知，每个缺水的城市都在运作自己城市的水资源分配，以此来应对能够向生活中的各个方面提供充足水的挑战。故C选项切题。
67．考查介词短语辨析。A. in addition除此之外；B. for example例如；C. on the contrary相反地；D. as a result因此。句意:例如，开普敦经历了三年的干旱，在此期间，冬季降雨没有出现。作者举例具有典型性的城市作为说明。故B选项切题。
68．考查名词辨析。A. prospect 前景，； B. illustration说明；C. symptom症状；D. security安全。句意:2017年雨季结束时，这座城市面临着大坝在2018年干涸的前景。由“ The dams were only 37% full”可知，大坝的水位只有37%。所以大坝的前景不容乐观，在2018年具有干涸的可能性。故A选项切题。
69．考查动词辨析。A. reported报道；B. presented提出； C. predicted 预测；D. explained解释。句意:2018年1月，据预测开普敦将在4月份达到“零日”，届时它将被迫关闭水龙头。由 “in April”可知，4月份是个将来的时间，所以所发生的事情都是在预测。故C选项切题。
70．考查副词辨析。A. respectively各自地；B. increasingly逐渐地；C. restrictively限制地 ；D. extensively广泛地。句意:该市的用水量减少了一半以上，从2015年的每天12亿升降至不到6亿升，并与工业和农业广泛合作以减少对水的需求。由句意可知，该市的用水量减少了一半以上，所以要在农业和工业的各个领域进行合作，目的是减少它们对水的需求量。故D选项切题。
71．考查介词短语辨析。A. By comparison比较；B. In other words换句话说； C. To our surprise令我们惊讶的是；D. What’s more况且。句意:相比之下，在英国，这被认为足够在满负荷的情况下进行五分钟的淋浴，让洗衣机运转半个周期。将英国和开普敦进行比较。故A选项切题。
72．考查形容词辨析。A. feasible可行的；B. drinkable 可饮用的；C. inevitable不可避免的；       D. influential有影响的。句意:此外，还禁止将饮用水用于花园。由前文可知，城市的用水量减少了一半以上，可见淡水资源短缺严重，更不允许将饮用水用于浇灌花园。故B选项切题。
73．考查名词辨析。A. campaign战役；B. statement阐述；C. presentation展示；       D. advertisement广告。句意:此同时，该市发起了一场媒体运动，以改变人们的习惯。城市通过媒体运动的力量，以此来改变人们的习惯。故A选项切题。
74．考查动词辨析。A. invaded侵略；B. liberated解放；C. suffered遭受； D. proceeded行进。句意:农业和旅游业这两个重要的就业领域受到了损害。由“This is not without its costs”可知，这并非没有代价，所以判断出农业和旅游业这两个重要的就业领域受到了损害。故C选项切题。
75．考查名词辨析。A. change改变；B. theory理论；C. record记录；       D. threat威胁。句意:“零日”的威胁必须敲响警钟，呼吁世界各地的城市制定成本效益高的水资源管理战略，以应对不确定的未来。由前文“Crises ”可知，缺水对人们来说已经是危机，威胁着正常的生产和生活。故D选项切题。
76．B
77．A
78．D
79．C
80．D
81．A
82．A
83．B
84．B
85．C
86．C
87．D
88．B
89．A
90．D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了夏令时实施的目的以及在欧洲和美国实施的过程。
76．考查形容词词义辨析。A. popular流行的；B. solar日光的、太阳的； C. particular特别的；D. singular单一的。根据本空前的“Noon was recognized when the sun was the highest in the sky, and cities would set their clock by this apparent”可知，中午被认为是天空中太阳最高的时刻，城市将会根据这个明显的太阳时间来设置时钟，故B选项切题。
77．考查动词词义辨析。A. employed雇佣、使用；B. evaluated评估；C. distributed分配；D. contributed贡献。根据本空后的“to make better use of daylight.”可知，夏令时被用来更好地利用日光，故A选项切题。
78．考查形容词词义辨析。A. fruitful多产的；B. full满的；C. beautiful美丽的；D. normal正常的。根据本空前的“Thus, clocks are set forward one hour in the spring to move an hour of daylight from the morning to the evening and then set back one hour in the fall to return to”可知，因此，时钟从春天开始调快一小时，从早晨到晚上移动一小时的日光，然后在秋天调慢一小时以恢复正常的日光，故D选项切题。
79．考查副词词义辨析。A.negatively消极地；B. alternatively二选一地；C. extensively广泛；D. aggressively攻击地。根据本空后的“in his essay, 'An Economical Project.'”可知，富兰克林在他的论文《一个经济工程》中对夏令时做了广泛的论述，故C选项切题。
80．考查名词词义辨析。A. journalist记者；B. physicist物理学家；C. chemist化学家；D. economist经济学家。根据本空后的“Franklin believed the practice of moving the time could save on the use of candlelight, as candles were expensive at the time.”可知，一直是个经济学家，弗兰克林认为改变时间的做法可以节省烛光的使用，因为当时蜡烛很贵，故D选项切题。
81．考查动词词义辨析。A. closed关闭； B. opened打开；C. fixed修理；D. installed安装。根据本空后的“on an early sunny morning.”可知，注意到很多房子的百叶窗在阳光明媚的早晨仍然是关着的， William Willett成为了夏令时的坚定支持者，故A选项切题。
82．考查动词词义辨析。A. introduced介绍、提出；B. restricted限制；C. donated捐献；D. deleted删除。根据本空后的“a bill in the House of Commons to make it obligatory”可知，1909年，Robert Pearce爵士在下议院提出一项法案，要求必须调整时钟，故A选项切题。
83．考查动词词义辨析。A. stop停止；B. adjust调节；C. wind缠绕；D. mend修理。进入夏令时需要调整时钟，故B选项切题。
84．考查副词词义辨析。A. Permanently永久地；B. Eventually最终地；C. Unfortunately不幸地；     D. Theoretically理论上地。根据本空后的“in 1925, it was decided that summer time should begin on the day following the third Saturday in April and close after the first Saturday in October.”可知，1925年，最终决定夏令时从四月的第三个星期六开始到十月的第一个星期六结束，故B选项切题。
85．考查动词词义辨析。A. reserve储存；B. persevere坚持； C. preserve保护、保存；D. observe观察。根据本空后的“and set Daylight Saving Time across the continent.”可知，美国国会于1918年通过了《标准时间法案》，规定了整个大陆的标准时间，保存和设置夏令时，故C选项切题。
86．考查名词词义辨析。A. places地方；B. districts行政区；C. zones区域、地带；D. territories领土。根据本空后的“throughout the United States: Eastern, Central, Mountain, Pacific, and Alaska.”可知，该法案还在美国各地设计了五个时区：东部、中部、山区、阿拉斯加和太平洋，time zones表示“时区”，故C选项切题。
87．考查动词词义辨析。A. interrupted打断；B. tempted诱惑；C. imported进口；D. adopted采用。根据本空后的“its own DST, which proved to be …to television and radio broadcasting and transportation”可知，每个州都采用自己的夏令时，这对电视、广播和交通运输来说是很混乱的，故D选项切题。
88．考查形容词词义辨析。A. pleasing令人愉快的；B. confusing令人困惑的；C. convincing令人信服的；D. comforting令人欣慰的。好几个不同的夏令时对电视、广播和交通运输很混乱，故B选项切题。
89．考查动词词义辨析。A. extended扩充、延伸；B. afforded负担得起；C. abandoned放弃；D. defended保卫。根据本空后的“DST through the Daylight Saving Time Energy Act of 1973 to conserve energy further.”可知，19世纪70年代，尼克松总统通过1973年的《日光节约能源法案》延长了夏令时以进一步节约能源，故A选项切题。
90．考查动词词义辨析。A. assembled装配；B. combined结合；C. abused滥用；D. modified修改。根据本空后的“in 1986, and Daylight Saving Time was reset to begin on the first Sunday in April (to spring ahead) and end on the last Sunday in October (to fall back).”可知，1986年，对该法案进行了修改，夏令时调整为从四月的第一个星期日开始到十月的最后一个星期日结束，故D选项切题。
【点睛】
完形填空中对常见词的引申意的考查难度很大，因此同学们不仅要知道一些常见词汇的常用意思，而且要掌握它们的引申意，例如本篇第2题，一些同学只知道employ有“雇佣”之意，却不知道它还有“使用”之意，根据本空后的“to make better use of daylight.”可知，夏令时被用来更好地利用日光，再如第7题，同学们一看到introduce就会想到它有“介绍”的意思，因此把introduce否定了，根据本空后的“a bill in the House of Commons to make it obligatory”可知，1909年，Robert Pearce爵士在下议院提出一项法案，要求必须调整时钟，introduce在此处表示“提出”之意。