2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟演练2

这是一份2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟演练2，共19页。
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 阅读（共两节, 满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
N matter where yu g arund the glbe, everybdy lves t celebrate. And when it cmes t celebratin, festivals ffer smething fr everyne.
Mardi Gras （New Orleans, Luisiana）
Als knwn as Fat Tuesday, Mardi Gras in New Orleans is a cultural event. Thugh the celebratin
is held every year n the day befre Ash Wednesday, the festivities last fr mnths, banning in Nvember thrughut January and early February. And if yu lve music, check ut the annual Galactic cncert at the wrld-famus Tipitina’s n Lundi Gras (the day befre Mardi Gras).
La Tmatina （Valencia, Spain）
Launched way back in 1945, La Tmatina is ne f the ldest festivals n ur list. It's als easily the happiest but the messiest, cming ff like the wrld's biggest fd fight.
Legend has it that the whle thing started when sme lcal bys jined a parade alngside musicians. The bys made the perfrmers s angry that they tried hit the bys, and a vendr's (小摊贩)vegetable stand fell victim t the incident.
If yu g, please fllw sme simple rules: Dn't thrw hard bjects, squash the tmat befre thrwing it, stay a safe distance away frm tmat trucks, and stp in time.
Mntreux Jazz Festival （Switzerland）
Funded back in 1967, Mntreux is ne f the ldest music festivals in the wrld. It's als the secnd largest jazz festival, after the Mntreal Internatinal Jazz Festival. That Canadian cncert may attract mre visitrs-arund 2 millin annually. But Mntreux benefits frm its pretty lcatin n the attractive shres f Lake Geneva. The area is particularly beautiful in late June/early July, when the festival is held.
1．When is Galactic cncert held?
A．On Mardi Gras.B．On Lundi Gras.
C．On Mntreux Jazz Festival.D．On La Tmatina.
2．What d peple d n La Tmatina?
A．Punish naughty bys.B．Enjy musicians' perfrmance.
C．Thrw tmates withut hurting.D．Catch peple wh destry tmates.
3．Where can yu read the passage prbably?
A．News reprt.B．Academic jurnal.
C．Cnceit brchure.D．Travel magazine.
B
It’s a Friday mrning in Bstn, which means Dr. Jim O’Cnnell is making his runds. He might be mre cmfrtable inside an exam rm, but that’s nt where his patients are. O’Cnnell is ne f a handful f physicians making huse calls t the hmeless in the city.
Mre than 550,000 Americans are hmeless, and many have health prblems but n access t care. O’Cnnell and his team, made up f dctrs and nurses, are ding smething abut it. They spend their days walking arund where the hmeless live — in parks, under bridges, and in the suburbs f twn. He knws where mst f them sleep and whm t ask if they are missing. “I feel like I’m a cuntry dctr in the middle f the city, yu knw?” he said.
O’Cnnell went t Harvard Medical Schl and was n his way t a prmising nclgy fellwship when his chief suggested he take what was suppsed t be a ne-year psitin as the funding physician f a new health-care prgram fr Bstn’s hmeless. That turned int a 33-year career at the Bstn Health Care fr the Hmeless Prgram, ne f the cuntry’s largest f its kind. He might have turned ut very rsy had he becme a highly paid nclgist.
“I’m just a dctr. And what I can d is ease yur suffering, just as I wuld as an nclgist,” O’Cnnell said. “Yu culd nt find a mre grateful ppulatin.”
And his patients are grateful. “This man is unbelievable!” ne said. “He’s like Jesus,” anther added.
“When yu see smebdy utside, yu get them a cup f cffee and sit with them. Smetimes it tk six mnths r a year f ffering a sandwich r cffee befre smene wuld start t talk t me. But nce they start, they’ll cme t yu anytime because they trust yu. It’s all abut listening,” O’Cnnell tld Harvard Magazine.
4．Why des O’Cnnell feel like he is a cuntry dctr?
A．The hspital where he wrks lies in the cuntryside.
B．He earns much less than an average dctr in the city.
C．His huse calls are similar t what a cuntry dctr des.
D．He likes treating the hmeless better than treating rich peple.
5．What des the underlined wrd “rsy” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Disappinted.B．Strange.C．Successful.D．Interesting.
6．What des the text say abut O’Cnnell?
A．He gave up a high-paying career t treat the hmeless.
B．He wasn’t interested in nclgy after entering Harvard.
C．He didn’t realize the truble in treating the hmeless befre.
D．He hasn’t served the health-care prgram as lng as expected.
7．What is very imprtant in treating the hmeless accrding t O’Cnnell?
A．Cnfidence.B．Patience.
C．Advanced technlgy.D．Higher educatin.
C
Mre than tw thirds f students are experiencing pr sleep quality and this is linked t mental health prblems, new research suggests. The findings, based n mre than 1,000 men and wmen attending university full-time, als shw thse with depressive (抑郁的) symptms were almst fur times as likely t suffer frm inadequate sleep.
Excessive (过度的) daytime sleepiness (EDS) was a prblem amng ver half the students—they were almst twice as likely t have depressin r experience high stress levels.
The authrs warn stressrs, such as curse demands, make cllege students have sleep disrders which in turn affect academic perfrmance and health. They’re calling n universities t d mre t prmte psitive sleep habits and gd mental health.
Living away frm hme fr the first time, using stimulants (刺激物) that damage sleep and keeping irregular bedtimes are all factrs that make students suffer frm a lck f quality rest at night. An average f seven hurs’ sleep has been reprted by thse attending cllege while nine hurs is cnsidered the ideal fr yung adults.
Pr sleep and EDS in thse attending university have already been identified by studies, but few have prbed any link with stress r depressin. This new research is the first f its kind. Participants were asked abut their sleep quality, EDS, sciecnmic status, and their bdy mass index (BMI) was als assessed.
The data was used t evaluate the level f assciatin between sleep quality and stress levels. Results shwed a significant link between these factrs, and depressive prblems and high stress levels. The study als fund that students studying bilgical and health sciences were mre likely t suffer frm pr quality f sleep than thse studying scial and human sciences. The mechanism (机制) behind sleep disturbance and depressin is nt unclear, as is whether mental health prblems cause pr quality sleep r vice versa.
8．Why is it necessary fr universities t prmte psitive sleep habits?
A．Because cllege students are under heavy curse pressure.
B．Because cllege students are mre likely t have depressin
C．Because sleep disrders affect cllege students academically.
D．Because sleep disrders are cmmn amng all cllege students
9．The underlined wrd “prbed” in paragraph 5 is clsest in meaning t “______”.
A．apprved fB．believed inC．left utD．lked int
10．What des the last paragraph tell us?
A．Majrs play a rle in students’ sleep quality.
B．The mechanism disturbing sleep is still unknwn.
C．Mental health prblems result frm pr sleep habits.
D．Students studying health sciences have better sleep habits.
11．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Gd Sleep Habits Are Vital t Students
B．Lack f Sleep Affects Students’ Mental Health
C．Mental Health Prblems Affect Students’ Sleep Quality
D．Mental health Guarantees Students’ Academic Perfrmance
D
Last Thursday, the wrld's first self-driving, electric cntainer ship made its first trip t Osl, Nrway. The ship's wners aim t cut pllutin by transprting large quantities f prducts by water n the suthern castal f Nrway instead f by truck.
The ship, called the Yara Burkeland, is wned by Yara, a cmpany that makes fertilizer（肥料）. The cmpany wanted t develp a zer-emissin（零排放的）ship that was cmpletely self-driving. Yara wrked with a ship-building cmpany called Vard and the technlgy cmpany Kngsberg t develp the ship. The cmpany says that in the future everything, including lading and unlading the ship, will be handled cmpletely autmatically.
The Yara Birkeland can carry 120 large cntainers like thse pulled by trucks. But the ship is fully electric and is pwered by batteries. The cmpany says the ship has rughly as many batteries as 100 electric cars. The electricity that will be used t recharge the batteries is frm renewable hydrelectric surces（可再生水力发电资源）, s there's n pllutin at all.
The Yara Birkeland wn't usually be ging t Osl, and it wn't be traveling far, either. It will travel alng a regular rute frm Yara's factry in Prsgrunn up t the prt in Brevik. By rad, that's a distance f abut 14 kilmeters. Yara nrmally uses diesel-pwered（柴油动力的）trucks t mve fertilizer between these lcatins.
Nw, with the Yara Birkeland mving huge amunts f fertilizer by water, the cmpany expects t cut ut 40, 000 yearly trips by diesel-pwered trucks. That will prevent abut ne millin kilgrams f carbn emissins every year.
In the future, as an autnmus ship, the Yara Birkeland is expected t perate withut any human invlved. Yara plans t spend the next tw years imprving and testing the ship. But, as with many autnmus cars, the ship will cntinue t have humans watching ver even if it is driving by itself.
12．Why will the prducts be delivered by ship rather than by truck?
A．T reduce the transprt csts.B．T shrten their delivery time.
C．Out f envirnmental cncern.D．Out f cncern fr their safety.
13．What can be learned abut the Yara Bikeland?
A．It uses natural gas as pwer.B．It has mre than ne develpers.
C．It is a cmpletely self-driving slip.D．It belngs t the gvernment.
14．Hw des the authr mainly intrduce the ship and its influence?
A．By listing figures.B．By giving examples.
C．By presenting reasns.D．By fllwing time rder.
15．Accrding t the last paragraph, the ship_________.
A．perates by remte cntrl
B．will eventually need n man t watch ver
C．cannt be put int cmmercial use until years later
D．wrks in a quite different way frm an autnmus car
第二节（共5小题：每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A new year can bring new excitement and pprtunities t grw fr kids, t. ___16___ New Year’s reslutins can be a beneficial way fr kids t get mtivated, accrding t the American Academy f Pediatrics.
“___17___ ”said Dr. Lanre Falusi, a Washingtn, D．C．, pediatrician (儿科医生) in an American Academy f Pediatrics statement. “Kids als lve having smething t wrk tward and t have fun keeping track n sticker charts r getting praise r rewards as they reach these gals.”
The idea f a gal may als be easier fr yunger children t grasp. Jack Frezell, 3, f Ontari, Canada, said his gal fr next year is t “g n my bike by myself.” Setting gals can teach children persistence, fcus and the value f planning, accrding t Gary Latham, Secretary f State Prfessr f Organizatinal Behavir at the University f Trnt, wh specializes in gal setting. “ ___18___ ” Latham said, “It teaches them cntrl ver their envirnment instead f being dependent n Mm and Dad.”
___19___ “It has t be cncrete; it has t be within the child’s ability t attain; and there has t be a reasnable time frame,” said Latham. He nted that nce kids reach age 7 r s, it’s achievable fr them t set a gal and make their wn plan fr hw t pursue and attain it. ___20___ Here’s when t shw children with inspiratin and give them a hand.
“Next thing yu knw, the verall gal has been attained, and it gives kids a sense f accmplishment, excitement and achievement,” he said.
A．Setting realistic gals is difficult fr kids.
B．The big impact is that it teaches them initiative.
C．Hw imprtant it is t set healthy gals with kids.
D．Gals that are bth specific and achievable are key.
E．They can learn t fcus n new gals just like adults.
F．If it’s nt specific, sme kids are likely t blame themselves.
G．Of curse, guidance frm parents is still helpful fr kids f all ages.
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was grwing up in Minnesta, “ Je Versus the Vlcan ” was ne f my favrite mvies. I lnged t be swept away t a trpical island. But as I ____21____ myself in La Palma reprting n the Cumbre Vieja (老昆布雷火山) eruptin in the Spanish Canary Islands, I quickly realized that there’s nthing rmantic abut vlcanes — even n an island.
I had cme prepared — an N95 mask, and a baseball cap my Spanish mther-in-law lent me. But nthing culd ____22____ me fr the invasiveness (入侵) f the vlcanic ____23____ . It fell frm the sky like a rainstrm, lining streets, cvering drways, and filling the splits f my ears.
It wasn’t lng befre the airlines ____24____ all flights. When turists began panic-buying all the bat tickets as I was ____25____ residents abut their futures, I realized I had, indeed, missed the bat.
Fr tw days, I wandered ____26____ streets awaiting the recvery f travel, carrying a backpack and feeling prgressively stuck — and at times ____27____ . And then I realized I was being given the chance fr deeper ____28____ .
Here I was experiencing, althugh t a much lesser ____29____ , what the peple I was writing abut were feeling: ____30____ and frustratin frm living next t an erupting vlcan with n end in ____31____ .
Like the peple f La Palma, I ____32____ n thers t get me thrugh — frm the English wman wh gave me a bag f ranges frm her garden t the church that let me use the bathrm after being ____33____ at the tp f a muntain.
As I finally left — via bat — I realized hw ____34____ I was t have experienced the humanity f the peple in La Palma in the face f crisis. I knw it’s what will pull them ____35____ it.
21．A．fundB．spttedC．caughtD．discvered
22．A．prtectB．equipC．hideD．prepare
23．A．rckB．lavaC．ashD．smke
24．A．arrangedB．canceledC．reservedD．upgraded
25．A．infrmingB．inquiringC．cnsultingD．interviewing
26．A．crwdedB．nisyC．emptyD．clean
27．A．panickedB．embarrassedC．regrettedD．abandned
28．A．anxietyB．insightC．srrwD．memry
29．A．spaceB．timeC．effrtD．degree
30．A．exhaustB．difficultyC．uncertaintyD．incnvenience
31．A．sightB．mindC．actinD．state
32．A．fixedB．decidedC．cuntedD．agreed
33．A．spttedB．rescuedC．treatedD．stuck
34．A．gratefulB．mercifulC．delightfulD．peaceful
35．A．verB．thrughC．underD．frm
第二节（共10小题：每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ya Zhngyu, a student f Beihang University frm Taiwan, tld his parents in a vide ___36___(pst) nline that he wuld nt be able t spend the Spring Festival with ___37___(they) as he vlunteered fr the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games.
“Beijing is such a big stage and I have missed ut n many f the big events that ___38___(take) place in the past few years. It is a ___39___(significance) pprtunity t participate as a vlunteer in such an internatinal event,” Ya said.
In rder ___40___(select), Ya had passed the Cllege English Test befre he signed up as a vlunteer, attended the Red Crss rescue training, ___41___ was rganized by Beihang University, and btained a crrespnding certificate.
“My parents think that it is an hnr ___42___ me t be a part f the Beijing 2022 and they ___43___(true) take pride in me,” Ya said.
Ya wrked as a vlunteer in the Yanqing cmpetitin zne in the suburban area f Beijing.
Accrding t Ya, the mainland has dne ___44___ great jb in COVID-19 preventin and cntrl, and Beijing has many plicies t supprt students frm Taiwan t start businesses and find jbs. He plans t pursue his career in the mainland after ___45___(cmplete) his studies.
第三部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46．假定你是李华，拟邀请世界著名英语专家Alexander教授来校给英语爱好者做一个讲座，请给他发封邮件。内容包括：
1.讲座时间与地点安排；
2.讲座流程。
注意：词数100左右。
Dear Prfessr Alexander,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My Kindergarten Her
We had just cmpleted a unit n cmmunity heres, and I had given my kindergarten class a task t write r draw abut their favrite her. Each child was busy creating clrful masterpieces such as firefighters, plicemen and dctrs. Several students had chsen t draw larger-than-life brthers and sisters r mms and dads.
Hwever, ne little by was having difficulty with the assignment. Camern had tuched my heart early in the schl year. He had dark brwn hair and wre his thick glasses. He lks like a yunger versin f Harry Ptter at best. He ften snrted (鼻息声) when he laughed, and the rest f the class wuld laugh alng with him.
Camern suffered frm autism (自闭症), but that didn’t matter t me r his classmates. We all lved him just the way he was. He was full f wnderful stries and brught a special feeling t ur classrm. I sat and watched as Austin wrked with Camern. Austin had a wnderful way f interacting with Camern and he helped him find his her. Within a few minutes, Camern quickly began drawing blue lines and curves n his paper—he was particularly fnd f the clr blue.
Finally, it was time fr everybdy t share their her pictures. I listened as each student prudly std in frnt f the class, picture held high, and described his r her her. Several students described their heres by giving them superhuman strength. It was finally Camern’s turn t share his her. Camern std up and anxiusly placed his large blue stick-figured drawing in frnt f his face. He then quickly burst ut it was a picture f me. He added that I helped him learn things and then quickly sat back dwn. Tears began t frm in the crner f my eyes, but nthing culd have prepared me fr what happened next.
注意：
1. 续写的词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
When Austin std up t share his picture, I was certain it wuld be a pliceman.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Camern suddenly std up, and put his arms up in the air as if he were ging t take f and fly.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案：
1．B 2．C3．D
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了世界上几个地方的节日庆祝方式。
1．细节理解题。根据“Mardi Gras （New Orleans, Luisiana）”部分最后一句“And if yu lve music, check ut the annual Galactic cncert at the wrld-famus Tipitina’s n Lundi Gras (the day befre Mardi Gras).”（如果你喜欢音乐，可以去世界著名的Tipitina的Lundi Gras（狂欢节的前一天）观看一年一度的银河音乐会）可知，银河音乐会在Lundi Gras那天举行。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“La Tmatina （Valencia, Spain）”部分第三段中的“Dn't thrw hard bjects, squash the tmat befre thrwing it, stay a safe distance away frm tmat trucks, and stp in time.”（不要扔硬物，在扔西红柿之前要把西红柿压扁，与运西红柿的卡车保持安全距离，并及时停车。）可知，在La Tmatina上人们扔西红柿时不能造成伤害。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段“N matter where yu g arund the glbe, everybdy lves t celebrate. And when it cmes t celebratin, festivals ffer smething fr everyne.”（无论你走到世界的哪个角落，每个人都喜欢庆祝。说到庆祝，节日对每个人都有好处。）可知，文章是介绍了世界几个地方的节日庆祝，所以它可能来自一本旅游杂志。故选D。
4．C5．C6．A7．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。Jim O’Cnnell本来可能成为一名成功的肿瘤科医生，但他放弃了这一高收入的职业，多年如一日地为城市中无家可归的人出诊。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段中“O’Cnnell and his team, made up f dctrs and nurses, are ding smething abut it. They spend their days walking arund where the hmeless live — in parks, under bridges, and in the suburbs f twn. He knws where mst f them sleep and whm t ask if they are missing.(奥康奈尔和他的团队，由医生和护士组成，正在对此采取行动。他们每天都在无家可归者居住的地方散步——公园里，桥下，城镇的郊区。他知道他们大多数人睡在哪里，如果他们失踪了，他可以问谁)”可知，奥康奈尔觉得自己像个乡村医生是因为他的上门服务类似于乡村医生的工作。故选C。
5．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“had he becme a highly paid nclgist”可知，此处表示如果他成为一名高薪的肿瘤学家，他可能会变得非常成功。由此可知，划线词rsy意思是“成功的”。故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段中“He might have turned ut very rsy had he becme a highly paid nclgist.(如果他成为一名高薪的肿瘤医生，他可能会变得非常成功)”可知，Jim O’Cnnell本来可能成为收入很高，且有前途的肿瘤科医生，但他放弃了这一职业，多年如一日地为城市中无家可归的人出诊。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Smetimes it tk six mnths r a year f ffering a sandwich r cffee befre smene wuld start t talk t me. But nce they start, they’ll cme t yu anytime because they trust yu. It’s all abut listening(有时，我花了六个月甚至一年的时间才给我提供一块三明治或一杯咖啡，才有人开始和我说话。但一旦他们开始，他们会随时来找你，因为他们信任你。关键在于倾听)”可知，有的流浪者很难接触，需要长时间的主动接触才能得到他们的信任，这就要求O’Cnnell要有很大的耐心。故选B。
8．C9．D10．A11．B
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一个新研究：睡眠不足会影响学生的心理健康。
8．推理判断题。根据第三段的“The authrs warn stressrs, such as curse demands, make cllege students have sleep disrders which in turn affect academic perfrmance and health. They're calling n universities t d mre t prmte psitive sleep habits and gd mental health.”（作者警告说，压力，如课程要求，使大学生睡眠障碍，反过来影响学习成绩和健康。他们呼吁大学采取更多措施促进积极的睡眠习惯和良好的心理健康。）可知，因为睡眠障碍会影响大学生的学业所以大学有必要提倡积极的睡眠习惯。故选C。
9．词句猜测题。根据第五段的“Pr sleep and EDS in thse attending university have already been identified by studies, but few have prbed any link with stress r depressin. This new research is the first f its kind. ”（大学学生的睡眠质量差和EDS已经被研究证实，但很少有prbed它们与压力或抑郁之间的联系。这项新研究在同类研究中尚属首次。）可知，这项研究是首次研究睡眠质量差与压力或抑郁之间的联系。最接近prbe的短语是lk int“调查、研究”。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The study als fund that students studying bilgical and health sciences were mre likely t suffer frm pr quality f sleep than thse studying scial and human sciences.”（研究还发现，学习生物和健康科学的学生比学习社会和人文科学的学生更有可能遭受睡眠质量差的问题。）由此可以推断，专业对学生的睡眠质量有影响。故选A。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是根据第一段的“Mre than tw thirds f students are experiencing pr sleep quality and this is linked t mental health prblems, new research suggests.”（最新研究表明，超过三分之二的学生睡眠质量差，这与心理健康问题有关。）可知，本文主要是介绍睡眠不足会影响学生的心理健康，因此选项B最适合做文章标题。故选B。
12．C13．B14．A15．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上第一艘自动驾驶电动集装箱船。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The ship's wners aim t cut pllutin by transprting large quantities f prducts by water n the suthern castal f Nrway instead f by truck.(为了减少污染，这艘船的船主打算在挪威南部沿海用水路运输大量产品，而不是用卡车。)”可知，用轮船而不用卡车运输物资是出于环境考虑。故选C项。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Yara wrked with a ship-building cmpany called Vard and the technlgy cmpany Kngsberg t develp the ship.( Yara与一家名为Vard的造船公司和Kngsberg科技公司合作开发这艘船。)”可知，Yara Bikeland有不止一名开发者。故选B项。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The Yara Birkeland can carry 120 large cntainers like thse pulled by trucks.(Yara Birkeland可以装载120个像卡车一样的大型集装箱。)”和“The cmpany says the ship has rughly as many batteries as 100 electric cars.(该公司表示，这艘船的电池数量大约相当于100辆电动汽车。)”及倒数第二段中“Nw, with the Yara Birkeland mving huge amunts f fertilizer by water, the cmpany expects t cut ut 40, 000 yearly trips by diesel-pwered trucks.(现在，Yara Birkeland通过水运大量化肥，公司希望每年减少4万辆柴油卡车的运输。)”可知，作者主要是通过列举数字来介绍这艘船和它的作用。故选A项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Yara plans t spend the next tw years imprving and testing the ship.(Yara计划在未来两年改进和测试这艘船。)”可知，这艘船要到几年后才能投入商业使用。故选C项。
16．C17．E18．B19．D20．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章就为孩子设定正常合理的目标给出了一些建议。
16．上文“A new year can bring new excitement and pprtunities t grw fr kids, t. (新的一年也会给孩子们带来新的刺激和成长的机会。)”新的一年对于孩子们来说就是新的刺激和成长机会，选项C“为孩子设定正常合理的目标是多么重要。”承接上文，和上文之间存在因果关系，因为新的一年就是新的机会，所以设定正常合理的目标是重要的。故选C项。
17．下文“Kids als lve having smething t wrk tward and t have fun keeping track n sticker charts r getting praise r rewards as they reach these gals. (孩子们也喜欢朝着目标努力，喜欢在贴纸表上保持记录，喜欢在实现目标时获得表扬或奖励。)”说明孩子们也喜欢朝着目标努力，选项E“他们可以学着像成年人一样专注于新的目标。”概括说明孩子们可以像成年人一样专注于新的目标，引导下文。下文中als是关键词，选项中They 承接上段，指kids。故选E项。
18．下文“It teaches them cntrl ver their envirnment instead f being dependent n Mm and Dad. (它教会他们控制环境，而不是依赖父母。)”说明通过设定目标教会孩子们自主控制环境，而不是依赖父母，选项B“最大的影响是它教会了他们主动性。”概括说明设定目标能教会孩子们主动性，和下文语义一致，引导下文。故选B项。
19．下文“It has t be cncrete; it has t be within the child’s ability t attain; and there has t be a reasnable time frame.(它必须是具体的；它必须在孩子的能力范围内获得；必须有一个合理的时间框架。)”说明目标是具体的、可实现的，选项D“具体的和可实现的目标是关键。”概括说明设定的目标应该是具体的，可实现的，和下文语义一致。故选D项。
20．上文“He nted that nce kids reach age 7 r s, it’s achievable fr them t set a gal and make their wn plan fr hw t pursue and attain it. (他指出，一旦孩子到了7岁左右，他们就可以设定目标，并为如何追求和实现目标制定自己的计划。)”说明7岁孩子就可以设定目标，制定计划，选项G“当然，来自父母的指导对所有年龄段的孩子都是有帮助的。”承接上文，说明父母可以指导各个年龄段的孩子设定目标。上文中age 7 r s和选项中all ages语义相关。故选G项。
21．A22．D23．C24．B25．D26．C27．A28．B29．D30．C31．A32．C33．D34．A35．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了西班牙加那利群岛的老昆布雷火山喷发时，身为记者的作者被困火山岛，得到当地人帮助，体验到危机面前人性的光辉。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当我发现自己在拉帕尔马报道西班牙加那利群岛的老昆布雷火山喷发时，我很快意识到，火山并没有什么浪漫之处——即使在岛上也是如此。A. fund发现；B. sptted看见；C. caught抓住；D. discvered发现。根据上文“I lnged t be swept away t a trpical island.”和下文“I quickly realized that there’s nthing rmantic abut vlcanes — even n an island.”可知，作者之前渴望被送到岛上去，但当作者发现自己被困火山岛时，这并不浪漫。discver强调“发现原来就存在的东西”，而find强调“寻找的结果”，根据语境，find更加符合题意。故选A。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但没有什么能让我为火山灰的入侵做好准备。它像暴雨一样从天而降，铺满街道，遮盖门口，填满我的耳朵。A. prtect保护；B. equip装备；C. hide隐藏；D. prepare准备。根据上文“I had cme prepared — an N95 mask, and a baseball cap my Spanish mther-in-law lent me.”和下文“It fell frm the sky like a rainstrm, lining streets, cvering drways, and filling the splits f my ears.”可知，作者做了很多准备工作，但是还是没有能抵抗住火山灰的入侵。故选D项。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但没有什么能让我为火山灰的入侵做好准备。它像暴雨一样从天而降，铺满街道，遮盖门口，填满我的耳朵。A. rck岩石；B. lava岩浆；C. ash灰烬；D. smke烟雾。根据上文“the invasiveness (入侵) f the vlcanic”可知，此处指火山灰的入侵。故选C。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：没过多久，航空公司取消了所有航班。A. arranged安排；B. canceled取消；C. reserved保留；D. upgraded升级。根据下文“When turists began panic-buying all the bat tickets”可知，航班取消了，人们开始购买船票。故选B项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我在就居民的未来采访居民时，游客开始恐慌地购买所有船票时，我意识到我确实错过了船。A. infrming通知；B. inquiring询问；C. cnsulting咨询；D. interviewing采访。根据上文“But as I ____1____ myself in La Palma reprting n the Cumbre Vieja (老昆布雷火山) eruptin in the Spanish Canary Islands”可知，作者是作为一名记者来报道火山喷发，所以此处应该是采访居民，故选D项。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：两天来，我在空荡荡的街道上徘徊，等待旅行恢复，背着背包，感觉逐渐陷入困境——有时还很恐慌。A. crwded拥挤的；B. nisy嘈杂的；C. empty空荡荡的；D. clean干净的。根据上文“When turists began panic-buying all the bat tickets”可知，这里的游客们都逃走了，所以街道上空空荡荡的。故选C项。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：两天来，我在空荡荡的街道上徘徊，等待旅行恢复，背着背包，感觉逐渐陷入困境——有时还很恐慌。A. panicked惊慌的；B. embarrassed尴尬的；C. regretted后悔的；D. abandned放弃的。根据上文“I realized I had, indeed, missed the bat.”和本句可知，作者错过了船票，一直还在等待离开的机会，可以推测作者的内心是惊慌的。故选A项。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我意识到我有机会得到更加深刻的见解。A. anxiety焦虑；B. insight了解；C. srrw悲伤；D. memry记忆。根据下文“Here I was experiencing, althugh in much lesser ____9____ what the peple were feeling”可知，作者感受到了当地人的感受，所以这是一个更加深入了解当地人的机会。故选B项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这里，我体验到了人们的感受，尽管程度要低得多：生活在一个看不到尽头的火山爆发附近的不确定性和挫折感。A. space空间；B. time时间；C. effrt努力；D. degree程度。根据“ Here I was experiencing what the peple were feeling”可知，作者正在体会当地人的感受。但后面出现了thugh表示“让步”可知，作者并没有当地人的感受深刻。故选D项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这里，我体验到了人们的感受，尽管程度要低得多：生活在一个看不到尽头的火山爆发附近的不确定性和挫折感。A. exhaust废气；B. difficulty困难；C. uncertainty不确定性；D. incnvenience不便。此处与and前的frustratin是并列关系，两者应该在“感情色彩和形式”上保持一致，且根据上文可知“老昆布雷火山喷发了”，所以生活在火山附近，火山随时可能爆发，这将带来极大的不确定性。故选C项。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这里，我体验到了人们的感受，尽管程度要低得多：生活在一个看不到尽头的火山爆发附近的不确定性和挫折感。A. sight视线；B. mind心智；C. actin行动；D. state状态。固定搭配with n end in sight意为“看不到尽头”。故选A项。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：像拉帕尔马的人们一样，我依靠别人帮我渡过难关——一位英国妇女从她的花园摘给我一袋橙子，还有一位牧师，在我被困在山顶后，他让我使用了卫生间。A. fixed确定；B. decided决定；C. cunted计算；D. agreed同意。根据下文“frm the English wman wh gave me a bag f ranges frm her garden t the minister f the church that let me use the bathrm after being ____13____ at the tp f a muntain.”可知，有两位当地人帮助了我，我依靠他们的帮助才渡过难关。动词短语cunt n“依靠”。故选C项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：像拉帕尔马的人们一样，我依靠别人帮我渡过难关——一位英国妇女从她的花园摘给我一袋橙子，还有一位牧师，在我被困在山顶后，他让我使用了卫生间。A. sptted看见；B. rescued获救；C. treated治疗；D. stuck卡住。根据上文“I ____12____ n thers t get me thrugh”和“the minister f the church that let me use the bathrm”可知，作者遇到了困难，牧师让作者使用了卫生间，所以可以推测，作者是被困在了山上。故选D项。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我最终乘船离开时，我意识到我是多么感激能够在面对危机时体验拉帕尔马人民的人性。A. grateful感激的；B. merciful仁慈的；C. delightful愉快的；D. peaceful和平的。根据上文“frm the English wman wh gave me a bag f ranges frm her garden t the minister f the church that let me use the bathrm after being ____13____ at the tp f a muntain.”可知，作者得到了他们的帮助，所以心存感激。故选A项。
35．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我知道只有这样才能让他们度过难关。A. (pull) ver靠边停车；B. (pull) thrugh渡过难关；C. (pull) under把……卷入水底；D. (pull) frm把……从……带走。根据上文“I was t have experienced the humanity f the peple in La Palma in the face f crisis.”可知，第一个“it”指代“当地人在危险面前闪耀的人性光辉”，所以此处表达的含义为“当地人的人性光辉会让他们渡过难关”。故选B项。
36．psted37．them38．have taken39．significant40．t be selected41．which42．fr43．truly44．a
45．cmpleting【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位来自台湾的北京航空航天大学学生作为志愿者参加2020年北京冬奥会的事。
36．考查非谓语动词。句意：来自台湾的北京航空航天大学学生姚中宇在网上发布的一段视频中告诉父母，他不能和父母一起过春节，因为他自愿参加了2022年北京冬奥会。空处是非谓语动词做后置定语，修饰名词vide，且动词pst(发布)和名词vide二者之间是被动关系，应用过去分词做后置定语，故填psted。
37．考查代词。句意：来自台湾的北京航空航天大学学生姚中宇在网上发布的一段视频中告诉父母，他不能和父母一起过春节，因为他自愿参加了2022年北京冬奥会。此处应用代词宾格them做宾语，代指“姚中宇的父母”，故填them。
38．考查时态。句意：北京是一个很大的舞台，我错过了过去几年发生的许多重大事件。空处在that引导的定语从句中做谓语，由in the past few years可知，此处表示从过去到现在发生了很多重大事件，应用现在完成时，从句的主语是关系代词that，代指先行词big events，是复数，且take place(发生)无被动，故填have taken。
39．考查形容词。句意：姚说，“作为志愿者参加这样的国际活动是一个意义重大的机会”。空处应用形容词significant，作定语，修饰名词pprtunity，意为“重要的；意义重大的”，故填significant。
40．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了入选，姚在报名志愿者之前通过了大学英语考试，参加了由北京航空航天大学组织的红十字会救援训练，并获得了相应的证书。in rder t d固定搭配，意为“为了做……”，且动词select(挑选)和逻辑主语Ya二者之间是被动关系，应用不定式的被动，故填t be selected。
41．考查定语从句。句意：为了入选，姚在报名志愿者之前通过了大学英语考试，参加了由北京航空航天大学组织的红十字会救援训练，并获得了相应的证书。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Red Crss rescue training，指物，且定语从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which来引导，故填which。
42．考查介词。句意：“我的父母认为我能成为北京2022年奥运会的一部分是一种荣誉，他们真地为我感到骄傲，”姚说。it is an hnr fr sb. t d是固定句型，意为“对于某人来说，做……是一种荣誉”，故填fr。
43．考查副词。句意：“我的父母认为我能成为北京2022年奥运会的一部分是一种荣誉，他们真正地为我感到骄傲，”姚说。动词短语take pride f应用副词来修饰，意为“真正地”，故填truly。
44．考查冠词。句意：姚表示，大陆在防治2019冠状病毒疾病方面做得很好，政府有许多政策支持台湾学生创业和就业。d a great jb意为“做得很棒”，是固定搭配，故填a。
45．考查非谓语动词。句意：他计划完成学业后到大陆发展。介词after后面应用动名词cmpleting做宾语，意为“完成”，故填cmpleting。
46．One pssible versin:
Dear Prfessr Alexander,
On behalf f all the students in my schl wh share a lve fr the English language, I'm inviting yu t give a lecture at ur schl.
As yu're ne f the leading experts in the English language in the wrld, I believe the students will nt nly be able t learn frm yu, but be inspired by yu. We are hping that yu will be available fr the lecture n ur campus n May 8, at 10:00 am. There will be 45 minutes fr yur lecture and 15 minutes fr a questin and answer sessin.
If yu have any questins abut the lecture, please let me knw.
Lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
47．When Austin std up t share his picture, I was certain it wuld be a pliceman. But he surprised me when he prudly held up a picture f his friend Camern. He shared that Camern was his her because he had this sickness that made it really hard t learn, but he was like Superman and was really smart. He had drawn a red cape n his cartn-like picture f Camern and decrated the cstume with a large red “C” n Camern’s chest.
Camern suddenly std up, and put his arms up in the air as if he were ging t take ff and fly. He jyfully shuted ut, “I’m Superman!” The entire class std up and began striking Superman gestures, t. Within minutes, we were all laughing as thugh we had each truly discvered the secret f becming superheres. Teachers are tasked with a very imprtant jb, leading their children in discvering their wn amazing qualities and helping them find their inner superher.