2023版高考英语一轮总复习课时质量评价15Unit4SpaceExploration新人教版必修第三册

这是一份2023版高考英语一轮总复习课时质量评价15Unit4SpaceExploration新人教版必修第三册，共8页。

题型组合练——阅读理解＋七选五＋完形填空＋应用文写作
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
The far side f the mn is a strange and wild regin, quite different frm the familiar and mstly smth face we see nightly frm ur planet. Sn this rugh space will have even stranger features: it will be crwded with radi telescpes.
Astrnmers are planning t make the mn's distant side ur newest and best windw n the csmic (宇宙的) dark ages, a mysterius era hiding early marks f stars and galaxies. Our universe was nt always filled with stars. Abut 380，000 years after the big bang, the universe cled, and the first atms f hydrgen frmed. Gigantic hydrgen cluds sn filled the universe. But fr a few hundred millin years, everything remained dark, withut stars. Then came the csmic dawn: the first stars flickered, galaxies came int existence and slwly the universe's large­scale structure tk shape.
The seeds f this structure must have been present in the dark­age hydrgen cluds, but the era has been impssible t prbe using ptical (光学的) telescpes — there was n light. And althugh this hydrgen prduced lng­wavelength(r lw­frequency) radi emissins，radi telescpes n Earth have fund it nearly impssible t detect them. Our atmsphere either blcks r disturbs these faint signals; thse that get thrugh are drwned ut by humanity's radi nise.
Scientists have dreamed fr decades f studying the csmic dark ages frm the mn's far side. Nw multiple space agencies plan lunar missins carrying radi­wave­detecting instruments — sme within the next three years — and astrnmers' dreams are set t becme reality.
“If I were t design an ideal place t d lw­frequency radi astrnmy, I wuld have t build the mn，” says astrphysicist Jack Burns f the University f Clrad Bulder. “We are just nw finally getting t the place where we're actually ging t be putting these telescpes dwn n the mn in the next few years.”
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们想要在月球背面建设射电望远镜，以此来探索宇宙的“黑暗时代”。
1. What's the purpse f building radi telescpes n the mn?
A. T research the big bang.
B. T discver unknwn stars.
C. T study the csmic dark ages.
D. T bserve the far side f the mn.
C 推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，月球的背面很快将满是射电望远镜；而根据第四段中的“Scientists have dreamed fr decades f studying the csmic dark ages frm the mn's far side.”可知，科学家们想在月球背面研究宇宙的“黑暗时代”。由此可以推断，建设射电望远镜的目的是研究宇宙的“黑暗时代”。故选C。
2. What des the underlined wrd “prbe” in Paragraph 3 pssibly mean?
A. Explre. B. Evaluate.
C. Prduce.D. Predict.
A 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“The seeds f this structure must have been present in the dark­age hydrgen cluds, but the era has been impssible t prbe using ptical (光学的) telescpes — there was n light.”中的“there was n light”解释了无法使用光学望远镜的原因。下文“And althugh this hydrgen prduced lng­wavelength (r lw­frequency) radi emissins, radi telescpes n Earth have fund it nearly impssible t detect them.”中detect意为“探测”。前后对应，此处prbe应表示“探测”，意思同“explre”。故选A。
3. Why can't hydrgen radi emissins be detected n Earth?
A. Because there was n light in the dark ages.
B. Because they cannt pssibly get thrugh ur atmsphere.
C. Because gigantic hydrgen cluds n lnger fill the universe.
D. Because radi signals n Earth cause t much interference.
D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Our atmsphere either blcks r disturbs these faint signals; thse that get thrugh are drwned ut by humanity's radi nise.”可知，检测不到射电辐射的原因是，地球上的无线电信号造成了太多的干扰。故选D。
4. What can we infer frm the underlined part in the last paragraph?
A. Scientists have t rebuild the mn.
B. We will finally get t the mn's distant side.
C. The mn is a perfect place t set up radi telescpes.
D. A favurable research envirnment will be fund n the mn.
C 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Scientists have dreamed fr decades f studying the csmic dark ages frm the mn's far side.”和最后一段中的“We are just nw finally getting t the place where we're actually ging t be putting these telescpes dwn n the mn in the next few years.”可推知，画线部分的意思是月球是建设射电望远镜的理想场所。故选C。
B
Fr the first few mnths f 2021, Mars was crwded with new “visitrs” frm Earth. First, it was the UAE Space Agency's Hpe, fllwed by the Chinese Tianwen­1. The name cmes frm the lng pem Tianwen, written by Qu Yuan, a great pet f ancient China. In Tianwen, this name cnveys China's steady effrt in pursuing truth and culture f explring the universe.
The Tianwen­1 rver landing has rbiting, landing and rving (巡视) cmpnents — the first missin t include all three n its first attempt. Landing n Mars is extremely dangerus. It requires entering the atmsphere at very high speeds, then slwing dwn befre landing. As t Tianwen­1, a heat shield (防热护罩) prtected the spacecraft during the fiery (燃烧的) landing, after which the missin safely parachuted (使空降) dwn t the Utpia Planitia (乌托邦平原). The landing platfrm fired small, dwnward­facing rcket engines t slw dwn during the last few secnds.
China's Mars rver, called Zhurng after a mythical figure in traditinal Chinese culture, sent back images f the surface f Mars captured by a camera n its frnt, which functins as an “eye” t detect barriers and get arund them. The Utpia Planitia, where Tianwen­1 landed, has lng been believed t cntain vast amunts f water ice. Zhurng will first and fremst study Martian sil and atmsphere and search fr signs f water ice, which suggests the existence f life.
Tianwen­1 is China's first interplanetary (行星间的) missin. Meanwhile, China is wrking with Russia n a sample­return missin scheduled t launch in 2024. China is pen and inclusive in the develpment f its space technlgy t build a cmmunity with a shared future fr mankind.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。2021年的头几个月，火星上挤满了来自地球的新“访客”，其中有中国的“天问一号”。 “天问一号”是中国的首次星际任务，它标志着中国星际探索的开始。文章介绍了“天问一号”的着陆和任务等情况。
5. Why was China's “visitr” t Mars named Tianwen?
A. T emphasise the value f explring Mars.
B. T aruse readers' interest in reading classics.
C. T illustrate the lng histry f writing pems.
D. T shw China's cnstant struggle in space explratin.
D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In Tianwen, this name cnveys China's steady effrt in pursuing truth and culture f explring the universe.”可知，中国火星访客的名字之所以叫“天问”，是为了展示中国在太空探索方面的不懈努力。故选D。
6. Which f the fllwing cntributed t the safe landing n Mars?
A. The heat shield n the spacecraft.
B. The camera n the frnt f Zhurng.
C. The flat landscape f the Utpia Planitia.
D. The rcket engines abve the landing platfrm.
A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As t Tianwen­1, a heat shield (防热护罩) prtected the spacecraft during the fiery (燃烧的) landing, after which the missin safely parachuted (使空降) dwn t the Utpia Planitia (乌托邦平原)．”可知，防热护罩对探测器在火星上安全着陆有帮助。故选A。
7. What is the primary target f Zhurng n Mars?
A. T build a shared future fr mankind.
B. T lk fr signs f life n the red planet.
C. T push the bundaries f space explratin.
D. T infrm peple f ur achievements in space.
B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Zhurng will first and fremst study Martian sil and atmsphere and search fr signs f water ice, which suggests the existence f life.”可知，“祝融号”在火星上的主要目标是寻找生命的迹象。故选B。
8. What can we learn frm the text?
A. China is the first cuntry t land a rver n Mars.
B. China is cnfident f the existence f life n Mars.
C. Tianwen­1 prves jint effrts matter in space research.
D. Tianwen­1 marks the start f China's interplanetary explratin.
D 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可推知，“天问一号”标志着中国星际探索的开始。故选D。
Ⅱ. 七选五
(2022·湖南长沙高三模拟)D Americans have any mrals? That's a gd questin. Many peple insist that ideas abut right and wrng are merely persnal pinins. Sme vices, thugh, are calling Americans back t traditinal mral values. William J. Bennett, frmer US Secretary f Educatin, edited The Bk f Virtues in 1993 t d just that. 1 The success f Bennett's bk shws that many Americans still believe in mral values. But what are they?
One f the mst basic mral values fr Americans is hnesty. The well­knwn legend abut Gerge Washingtn and the cherry tree teaches this value clearly. In the stry, instead f punishment, Gerge received praise fr nt lying but telling the truth that he cut dwn his father's favurite cherry tree. Smetimes American hnesty — being pen and direct — can ffend peple. 2
Anther virtue Americans respect is perseverance. Remember Aesp's Fables abut the turtle and the rabbit that had a race? 3 But the turtle finally wn because he did nt give up.
4 The stry f “The Gd Samaritan (撒马利亚人)” describes a man wh shwed cmpassin. On his way t a certain city, a Samaritan man, instead f just passing by, stpped t help a pr traveller lying n the rad wh was beaten and rbbed.
In n way can this brief descriptin cver all the mral values hnured by Americans. Curage, respnsibility, lyalty, gratitude and many thers culd be discussed. In fact, Bennett's bestseller — ver 800 pages — highlights just 10 virtues. Even Bennett admits that he has nly scratched the surface. But n matter hw lng r shrt the list, mral values are invaluable. 5
A. But this virtuus attitude is hardly ne f them.
B. Cmpassin (同情心) is a desire within us t help thers.
C. The rabbit thught he culd win easily, s he tk a nap.
D. Cmpassin may be the queen f American virtues.
E. But Americans still believe that “hnesty is the best plicy”．
F. They are the fundatin f American culture — and any culture.
G. Bennett suggests that great mral stries can build character.
1～5 GECDF
Ⅲ. 完形填空
It was 11：30 at night in the Alaskan village f Igiugig, ppulatin 70. Ida Nelsn was enjying the bath when she heard the lng deep sund f a small airplane 1 the nearby airprt. She knew smething was 2 any time a plane flew ver that late.
Nelsn leaped ut f the bath, ran t the windw, and 3 the prblem: The airprt's runway lights were ut.
Nelsn 4 sme clthes, jumped int her ATV, and flred it t the airprt, where she fund a lcal pilt trying t turn n the lights 5 ．
“Nrmally, if yu press the buttn 10 r 15 times, the lights will just light up，” Nelsn said. Nt this time. 6 ， she and the pilt learned f the plane's 7 missin: It was there t 8 a seriusly ill lcal girl t the nearest hspital, 280 miles away in Anchrage.
Nelsn had a 9 . Driving her ATV t the end f the runway, she shne her headlights n the rad fr the plane t fllw. Mre light was 10 ， s a neighbur called nearly every hme in the village — 32 f them.
Within 20 minutes, 20 vehicles arrived at the airprt, many f the drivers 11 in pajamas (睡衣). 12 directins frm the pilt, the cars lined up n ne side f the runway.
The plane made its final 13 and guided by the headlights, landed safely. The yung patient was 14 nt the aircraft, and the plane immediately tk ff again. Her illness was never publicly revealed, but she has since been released frm the hspital.
In a wrld filled with uncertainty, the little cmmunity's psitive activism — cming tgether — was a big 15 ．
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Ida Nelsn深夜和社区邻居一起帮助一架救人的直升机着陆的故事。
1. A. strikingB. leaving
C. circlingD. surrunding
C 结合下文提到的“机场的跑道灯熄灭”可知，飞机在机场盘旋，无法着陆。故选C。
2. A. newB. wrng
C. difficultD. imprtant
B 根据空后的“any time a plane flew ver that late”及下文内容可知，飞机这么晚飞过来应是出事了。故选B。
3. A. sawB. faced
C. slvedD. predicted
A 下文“The airprt's runway lights were ut.”是Nelsn看到的情景。故选A。
4. A. tried nB. threw n
C. tk ffD. put away
B 根据空后的“jumped int her ATV, and flred it t the airprt”可知，Nelsn匆忙穿上衣服外出。thrw n意为“匆匆穿上”。故选B。
5. A. by handB. at will
C. in privateD. at randm
A 根据下文“Nrmally, if yu press the buttn 10 r 15 times, the lights will just light up”及“Nt this time.”可知，飞行员正试图手动开灯。故选A。
6. A. OtherwiseB. Hwever
C. TherefreD. Meanwhile
D 根据语境可知，此处指Nelsn和当地飞行员在试图开灯的同时，了解到飞机的任务。故选D。
7. A. prudB. appealing
C. urgentD. tugh
C 根据下文“It was there t 8 a seriusly ill lcal girl t the nearest hspital”可知，这是一个紧急任务。故选C。
8. A. intrduceB. transprt
C. guideD. accmpany
B 根据语境可知，飞机的任务是把当地的重病女孩“运送”到最近的医院。故选B。
9. A. taskB. chice
C. planD. dream
C 根据下一句Nelsn 的做法“她开着她的沙滩车驶到跑道的尽头，她点亮车头灯，让后面的飞机跟着”可知，Nelsn有了一个计划。故选C。
10. A. neededB. jined
C. lstD. invited
A 根据空后的“s a neighbur called nearly every hme in the village”可知，还需要更多的灯光。故选A。
11. A. everB. still
C. justD. already
B 根据空后的“in pajamas (睡衣)”可知，许多司机没来得及换衣服就过来帮忙，“仍然”穿着睡衣。故选B。
12. A. FllwingB. Requiring
C. LearningD. Prviding
A 根据空后的“the cars lined up n ne side f the runway”可知，汽车司机遵循指示排成一排。故选A。
13. A. prgressB. test
C. apprachD. change
C 上文提到汽车司机在飞行员的指示下排成一排，结合空后的“guided by the headlights, landed safely”可知，飞机进行了最后的探索式的接近，在前灯的指引下安全着陆。故选C。
14. A. remvedB. laded
C. deliveredD. instructed
B 根据空后的“and the plane immediately tk ff again”可知，病人上了飞机后，飞机再次起飞。lad意为“装上，装进”，此处意译为“抬上”。故选B。
15. A. decisinB. challenge
C. dealD. mment
C 根据空前的“cming tgether”可知，此处指“一件大事”。a big deal意为“一件大事”，是固定短语。故选C。
Ⅳ. 应用文写作
(2021·江苏苏锡常镇高三调研)假如你是李华，你校上周举行了主题是“太空”的年度科学节活动，持续一周。请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：
1. 活动目的；
2. 具体活动；
3. 活动反响。
注意：词数80左右。
Science Festival Ges ff with A Bang!






【参考范文】
Science Festival Ges ff with A Bang!
Our annual schl Science Festival ended last Friday and it was amazingly fun.
T encurage students t take an interest in space explratin, this year's theme was “Space”. On Mnday afternn, we attended a lecture abut whether life can exist n ther planets. In Thursday's Science Wrkshp, students tried different experiments with great interest. On Friday afternn, every class decrated their classrm and designed activities accrding t the theme f space.
The festival attracted many students and everyne is lking frward t next year's Science Festival.