2023年高考英语全程考评特训卷课下天天练六含解析

这是一份2023年高考英语全程考评特训卷课下天天练六含解析，共12页。
课下天天练(六)　阅读语言运用组合练姓名________　班级________　考号________　时间：45分钟  Ⅰ.阅读理解A[2022·长春市高三模拟]The history of microbiology begins with a Dutch cloth maker named Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, a man of no formal scientific education. In the late 1，600s, Leeuwenhoek, inspired by the magnifying lenses (放大镜) he used to examine cloth, built some of the first microscopes. He developed a technique to improve the quality of tiny, rounded lenses, some of which could magnify an object up to 270 times. After removing some plaque from between his teeth and examining it under a lens, Leeuwenhoek found tiny twisting creatures, which he called “animalcules”．His observations, which he reported to the Royal Society of London, are among the first descriptions of microbes (微生物).  Leeuwenhoek discovered an entire universe invisible to the human eye. He found different microbes in samples of pond water, rainwater, and human blood. He gave the first description of red blood cells, observed plant tissue, examined muscle, and investigated the life cycle of insects.Nearly two hundred years later, Leeuwenhoek's discovery of microbes helped French chemist and biologist Louis Pasteur to develop his “theory of disease”. This concept suggested that disease originates from tiny organisms attacking and weakening the body. Pasteur's theory later helped doctors to fight infectious diseases including anthrax, diphtheria, polio, smallpox, tetanus, and typhoid. All these breakthroughs were the result of Leeuwenhoek's original work. Leeuwenhoek did not foresee this__legacy．In a 1716 letter, he described his contribution to science this way: “My work, which I've done for a long time, was not pursued in order to gain the praise I now enjoy, but chiefly from a strong desire for knowledge, which I notice resides in me more than in most other men. And therefore, whenever I found out anything remarkable, I thought it was my duty to put down my discovery on paper, so that the scientific community might be informed.”1．Which of the following best describes Leeuwenhoek?A．A trained researcher with an interest in microbiology.B．A curious amateur who made pioneering studies of microbes.C．A talented scientist interested in finding a cure for disease.D．A bored cloth maker who accidentally made a major discovery.2．The underlined phrase “this legacy” in Paragraph 3 refers to ________．A．the discovery of microbesB．Pasteur's theory of diseaseC．Leeuwenhoek's contributionD．the origin of the tiny organism3．What does the quote from Leeuwenhoek's letter suggest?A．He admitted that many of his discoveries happened by chance.B．He considered his work to be central to later medical breakthroughs.C．He was greatly concerned with improving people's living conditions.D．He believed the sharing of knowledge was a key to scientific progress.4．What is the correct order for the following events?a．Magnifying lenses were built.b．The “theory of disease” was put forward.c．Microbes were discovered in samples of water.d．Leeuwenhoek's first microscopes were successfully developed.e．Leeuwenhoek explained his thoughts upon his own contribution.A．a­d­c­e­b.    B．d­a­c­e­b.C．a­c­d­b­e.    D．d­a­e­b­c.B[2022·唐山市二模]A 293­million­mile journey of the NASA Perseverance rover (探测器) to Mars ended successfully on February 18, 2021, with a picture­perfect landing inside the Jezero Crater. The car­sized, six­wheeled rover, nicknamed Percy, is the US space agency's biggest and most advanced explorer to date. Its primary mission is to search for signs of ancient microbial (微生物的) life on Mars.Landing on Mars is extremely tricky. The Red Planet's gravitational (引力的) pull causes approaching spacecraft to go faster to high speeds, while its thin atmosphere—just 1 percent that of Earth's—does little to help slow it down as it approaches the surface.The scientists had to reduce Percy's 12，000 mph speed to a safe landing speed of less than five mph—in just six and a half minutes. The target entry angle also had to be a precise 12 degrees—any steeper, and the spacecraft would burn up; any flatter, and it would get lost in space. It is no wonder that the final approach is often referred to as the “seven minutes of terror”．Upon attaining a manageable speed, Percy briefly flew over the Martian surface to seek out the perfect landing spot. Its complex map­reading system rapidly scanned the area and matched it with maps in its database to find the best location.The NASA scientists will spend the next two months testing Percy's scientific instruments. Once ready, the rover will begin to carry out its mission.“Perseverance is the smartest robot ever made, but confirming that microbial life once existed carries an unusually large burden of proof，” said Lori Glaze, director of NASA's Planetary Science Division. “While we'll learn a lot with the great instruments we have aboard the rover, it may very well require the far more well­equipped laboratories and delicate instruments back here on Earth to tell us whether our samples (样本) carry evidence that Mars once harbored life.”5．What is the extraordinary challenge for the rover to land on Mars?A．The speed reduction.B．The atmosphere analysis.C．The location search.D．The time management.6．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?A．Ways to find the precise entry angle.B．Consequences of wrong entry degree.C．Factors to survive “the seven minutes”．D．Reasons for the necessity of speed reducing.7．What does “it” refer to in Paragraph 4?A．The spot.    B．The area.C．The system.    D．The surface.8．What can be inferred from Lori Glaze's words?A.Instruments aboard the rover are not quite reliable.B．Perseverance is able to collect enough evidence needed.C．Man still has a long way to go to prove life was on Mars.D．Samples of Mars will be returned soon to our labs on the Earth.Ⅱ.七选五[2022·烟台市诊断性测试]Earth Hour is organized by the World Wide Fund for Nature. It's a big event usually at the end of March every year. On this evening, people “go dark”． __1__It's true that turning off lights for just one hour saves only a small amount of power. __2__ On one level, joining in Earth Hour makes people think about the problem of climate change and what we can do in everyday life to protect nature.But on another level, a large number of people's acting together sends a powerful message to governments and companies. __3__ They begin considering green issues when making big decisions.The logo (标识) of Earth Hour is “60 ＋”. The number 60 is for the 60 minutes of Earth Hour. __4__ In fact, people who join in Earth Hour say that taking part makes them want to do more for the environment.__5__ Musicians give concerts by playing acoustic (原声的) instruments instead of electric ones, and using candles instead of electric lights. Celebrity chefs have created special recipes for families to prepare and eat by candlelight. Tree­planting sessions, group walks and runs are also among the options.A．But this is only the beginning.  B．Earth Hour represents every hour of every day.C．After all, everyone has to answer for what they have done.D．Besides turning off the lights, people get involved in other events.E．It pushes them to take urgent measures by making changes to policies.F．That is, they switch off all unnecessary lights at the same time for one hour.G．The plus invites people to continue their action even after Earth Hour is finished.Ⅲ.完形填空[2022·河南省名校联盟模拟]On my 61st birthday, my husband planned a special treat for me. He __1__ how much I love being high in the air. He drove me to a  __2__ field in Jamul where I soon learned I'd be skydiving.As several other people and I climbed into the jumpsuits, the instructor told us not to __3__ if our main parachute (降落伞) fails to open since we have a  __4__ parachute controlled by a computer.Before I knew it, I was __5__ a small plane with the others. As the plane neared the drop spot, my instructor  __6__ himself to me, and we inched our way toward the open door. With no  __7__ to rethink what I was doing, we were out of the plane and falling through the air. I was flying freely like a bird through the sky. The only  __8__ was that I had a man lying on my back. I looked around and  __9__ the view spread out below me. How  __10__！As we got closer to the ground, my instructor said, “Okay, we're ready to land. Bring your __11__ up.”We hit the ground, and it didn't take long to __12__ why my knees needed to be lifted high. My feet touched the land before the instructor's did, and I  __13__ face­first onto the dirt with him spread­eagle on top of me.The instructor __14__ unhooked (解开) himself from me, stood up, and offered his hand to help me up. I lay there for a while, very  __15__. I knew I needed to stand up.  __16__， my knees and arms were hurting. Slowly, I rose,  __17__ the dirt off my face, and limped (一瘸一拐地走) toward the restroom.Once inside the ladies' room, the aging woman in the __18__ who looked back at me had a smile of  __19__ on her face. After all, I'd just jumped out of an airplane and flown through the air—my greatest high­flying  __20__ of my life！, 1．A.admitted    B．knew   C．wondered    D．guaranteed2．A.deep    B．rich   C．dry    D．wide3．A.panic    B．escape   C．hesitate    D．quit4．A.useful    B．modern   C．spare    D．flexible5．A.sharing    B．boarding   C．visiting    D．piloting6．A.attached    B．offered   C．drove    D．introduced7．A.courage    B．intention   C．need    D．time8．A.challenge    B．difference   C．treatment    D．dilemma9．A.admired    B．judged   C．sought    D．remembered10．A.realistic    B．significant   C．beautiful    D．primitive11．A.arms    B．knees   C．hands    D．feet12．A.give out    B．point out   C．bring out    D．find out13．A.fell    B．bent   C．walked    D．jumped14．A.unexpectedly    B．unwillingly   C．abruptly    D．quickly15．A.excited    B．confused   C．embarrassed    D．disappointed16．A.However    B．Besides   C．Instead    D．Therefore17．A.moved    B．pulled   C．brushed    D．washed18．A.poster    B．mirror   C．picture    D．cupboard19．A.regret    B．comfort   C．welcome    D．delight20．A.dream    B．lesson   C．experience    D．trialⅣ.语法填空[2022·海口市调研考试]A few weeks ago I was out with my family at the opening of a new playground in our community. The advertisements were put up,  1.________ (state) there would be coffee available and activities for children, and I was convinced that it was a good idea for us to attend. So after we settled in, and found a place for the kids 2.________ (play) in, I headed over to the coffee station. I 3.________ (break) my reusable coffee cup several days before, 4.________ I knocked off a table onto a hard floor, so I didn't have anything with me. Feeling 5.________(guilt) that I might need to use a throwaway cup, I was delighted to see they were using good old ceramic (陶瓷器) coffee cups that are 6.________ (rare) seen today. It looked like they searched the cupboards and grabbed every cup they could find. After we finished, the cups went into a big container where they would 7.________ (wash) later. What a fantastic way of solving the problem of reusable cups! Yes, there is the washing to do after, but, 8.________ any plastic or paper waste being created, it is worthwhile. 9.________ is great to see a local council leading the way in a significant 10.________ (reduce) of waste.课下天天练（六）　阅读语言运用组合练Ⅰ.阅读理解A语篇类型：记叙文　主题语境：人与自我——人物故事——Antonie van Leeuwenhoek与微生物学【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了微生物研究的先驱者Antonie van Leeuwenhoek为微生物所做的贡献及他对自己所做的贡献的看法。1．答案与解析：B　考查推断的能力。根据第一段的第一句可知，Leeuwenhoek没有接受过正式的科学教育；再根据第一、二段的内容可知，Leeuwenhoek制造研究工具去探索微生物世界，他的观察结果是对微生物最早的描述之一；综上所述，Leeuwenhoek是一个充满好奇心的业余爱好者，他做出了开创性的微生物研究。故选B项。2．答案与解析：C　考查理解词汇的能力。根据画线词语前面提到的“所有的这些突破都是Leeuwenhoek原先工作成果的结果”可推知，画线词语所在句表示“Leeuwenhoek没有预见到他所做的贡献”，故选C项。3．答案与解析：D　考查推断的能力。根据最后一段的最后一句可知，Leeuwenhoek认为把他的发现记录下来是他的义务，这样科学界才可能对这些发现有所了解，由此可推知，他认为分享知识是科学进步的关键，故选D项。4．答案与解析：A　考查理解具体信息的能力。浏览全文，根据第一和第二段可知，Leeuwenhoek从放大镜上获得灵感制造了显微镜，再发现了微生物。根据第三段第一句可知，在Leeuwenhoek发现微生物两百年后，即大约19世纪后半叶，一种疾病理论被提出。由最后一段可知，他阐述对自己所做的贡献的看法的信是在1716年写的。故选A项。B语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术——“毅力号”探测器成功登陆火星【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了“毅力号”探测器的主要任务，以及其登陆火星过程中的情况。5．答案与解析：A　考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段可知，火星引力会使得接近火星的航天器更快速行进，并且火星稀薄的大气层对减缓航天器的速度几乎没有帮助，故减速是“毅力号”探测器登陆火星的特别挑战。6．答案与解析：C　考查理解段落主旨要义的能力。通读第三段内容可知，该段尾句“It is no wonder that the final approach is often referred to as the ‘seven minutes of terror’”为本段总结句，再结合该段上文可知，该段主要介绍了“七分钟内生存下来的因素”：降低速度，精确的切入角度，故C项正确。7．答案与解析：B　考查理解词汇的能力。分析第四段尾句句子结构可知，it的指代对象为map­reading system或the area。再结合句意“其复杂的地图读取系统快速扫描该地区，并将其与数据库中的地图进行匹配，以找到最佳位置”可知，it指代该句中的“the area”，故B项正确。8．答案与解析：C　考查推理的能力。根据尾段可知，确认火星曾经存在过微生物需要大量的证据而携带这些证据的样本又需要装备齐全的实验室以及将精密仪器送回地球才能进行分析。据此可推知，人类要证明火星上曾有生命还有很长的路要走，故C项正确。Ⅱ.七选五语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与自然——保护地球——“地球一小时”活动【语篇解读】　文章主要介绍了由世界自然基金会组织的“地球一小时”活动的具体做法及意义。1．答案与解析：F　空格前讲地球一小时是每年三月底的一件大事。当天晚上，人们要“经历黑暗”。F项“也就是说，他们将在同一时间关掉所有不必要的灯一小时”承接上文，符合语境。故选F。2．答案与解析：A　空格前讲的确，仅关灯一小时只会节省少量的电能；空格后讲一方面，加入地球一小时（活动）让人们思考气候变化的问题，以及我们在日常生活中可以做些什么来保护自然。A项“但这只是开始”承上启下，符合语境。故选A。3．答案与解析：E　空格前讲但另一方面，大量民众的共同行动向政府和企业发出了一个很强的信号；空格后讲当他们在做重大决策时开始考虑环保问题。E项“它（这个信号）促使他们通过改变政策来采取紧急措施”承上启下，符合语境。故选E。4．答案与解析：G　空格前讲地球一小时的标识是“60＋”。数字60表示60分钟；空格后讲事实上，参加此活动的人想为环保做更多的事情。G项“这个加号邀请人们在地球一小时（活动）结束后继续他们的（环保）行动”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。5．答案与解析：D　空格后讲音乐家利用原声乐器而不是电子乐器、使用蜡烛而不是电灯开音乐会。名厨为家庭创作了在烛光下享用的特别食谱。植树、集体散步和跑步也是其中的选择。D项“除了关灯以外，人们参与了其他的（环保）活动”引出下文，符合语境。故选D。【长难句分析】On one level, joining in Earth Hour makes people think about the problem of climate change and what we can do in everyday life to protect nature.（第二段第三句）分析：本句是一个复合句。动名词短语joining in Earth Hour作主语；think about 作 makes 的宾语补足语；what 引导宾语从句；动词不定式短语 to protect nature 作目的状语。译文：一方面，加入地球一小时（活动）让人们思考气候变化的问题，以及我们在日常生活中可以做些什么来保护自然。词汇积累：celebrity n. 名人　recipe n. 食谱　option n. 选择Ⅲ.完形填空语篇类型：记叙文　主题语境：人与自我——旅游——一次高空飞行经历【语篇解读】　主要讲的是作者的一次高空飞行经历。1．答案与解析：B　由上文的“my husband planned a special treat for me”可知，我丈夫知道我有多喜欢在高空，故选B。2．答案与解析：D　句意：他开车带我去了贾穆尔的一片广阔的田野，我很快就知道我要去跳伞。 由“where I soon learned I'd be skydiving”可知，我要去跳伞，肯定是广阔的田野，故选D。3．答案与解析：A　句意：当我和其他几个人爬进跳伞服时，教练告诉我们，如果主降落伞打不开不要惊慌，因为我们有一个备用的降落伞由电脑控制。 由“since we have a 　4　 parachute controlled by a computer.”可知，教练是叫我们如果主降落伞打不开不要惊慌，因为有一个备用的降落伞由电脑控制，故选A。4．答案与解析：C　句意：当我和其他几个人爬进跳伞服时，教练告诉我们，如果主降落伞打不开不要惊慌，因为我们有一个备用的降落伞由电脑控制。教练叫我们如果主降落伞打不开不要惊慌，由此推知有备用的降落伞，因此空格处为“备用的”，故选C。5．答案与解析：B　句意：我还没反应过来，就和其他人一起登上了一架小飞机。 由“a small plane with the others”可知，我是和其他人一起登上了一架小飞机，因此空格处为“上飞机”，故选B。6．答案与解析：A　句意：当飞机接近降落点时，我的指导员把自己绑在我身上，我们慢慢地向敞开的舱门走去。 由常识和“we inched our way toward the open door”可知，我们一起向敞开的舱门走去，由此推知指导员把自己绑在我身上，空格处为 “使依附”。且下文的“The instructor 　14　 unhooked（解开）himself from me”也是提示。 7．答案与解析：D　句意：没有时间重新思考我在做什么，我们离开了飞机，从空中坠落。 由“rethink what I was doing”可知，没有时间重新思考我在做什么，故选D。8．答案与解析：B　句意：唯一的区别是有个男人躺在我的背上。 由上文的“I was flying freely like a bird through the sky”和“I had a man lying on my back”可知，我感觉自己像只鸟在飞，但是和鸟的区别在于有个男人躺在我的背上，因此空格处为 “区别”，故选B。9．答案与解析：A　句意：我环顾四周，欣赏着下面展开的景色。 由后面的“the view”可知，此处表示在空中“欣赏”风景，故选A。10．答案与解析：C　由“　9　 the view spread out below me”可知，从上往下所看到的景色应该是很美的，故选C。11．答案与解析：B　由下一段的“why my knees needed to be lifted high”可知，快着陆的时候应该是要抬起膝盖，故选B。12．答案与解析：D　句意：我们撞到了地面，没过多久我就明白了为什么我的膝盖需要被抬得很高。 由后文的“My feet touched the land before the instructor's did, and I 　13　 face­first onto the dirt with him spread­eagle on top of me”可知，此处表示“我明白了为什么我的膝盖需要被抬得很高”，因此空格处为“明白”，故选D。13．答案与解析：A　句意：我的脚比教练先着地，我脸朝下倒在地上，他在我身上手脚伸展开。 由“face­first onto the dirt”可知，我是脸朝下倒在地上，因此空格处为“跌倒”，故选A。14．答案与解析：D　句意：教练迅速从我身上挣脱出来，站了起来，伸出手来扶我起来。 由“unhooked （解开） himself from me, stood up, and offered his hand to help me up”可知，教练看见我跌倒了，那肯定是迅速从我身上挣脱出来，站了起来，伸出手来扶我起来，因此空格处为 “迅速地”，故选D。15．答案与解析：C　句意：我在那里躺了一会儿，非常尴尬。 由“I lay there for a while”可知，我摔倒了，应该是觉得尴尬，故选C。16．答案与解析：A　由空格前的“I knew I needed to stand up”和后面的“my knees and arms were hurting”可知，我知道我需要站起来，但是我的膝盖和手臂都很疼，因此空格处用表示转折的连词however，故选A。17．答案与解析：C　句意：我慢慢地站起来，掸去脸上的灰尘，一瘸一拐地走向洗手间。 由“the dirt off my face”可知，我是用手轻轻拭去脸上的灰尘，故选C。18．答案与解析：B　句意：一进女厕所，镜子里那个回看我的上了年纪的女人脸上露出了喜悦的微笑。 由“looked back at me”可知，我在照镜子，回看我的人就是我自己，故选B。19．答案与解析：D　句意：一进女厕所，镜子里那个回看我的上了年纪的女人脸上露出了喜悦的微笑。 由“I'd just jumped out of an airplane and flown through the air”可知，我刚刚从飞机上跳下来，在空中飞行，这是让人高兴的事情，因此空格处为 “高兴”，故选D。20．答案与解析：C　句意：毕竟，我刚刚从飞机上跳下来，在空中飞行——我一生中最伟大的高空飞行经历！ 根据上文内容可知，这是我一生中最伟大的高空飞行经历，故选C。Ⅳ.语法填空语篇类型：记叙文　主题语境：人与自我——个人经历——喝咖啡的经历【语篇解读】　作者讲述了自己在一家新开的咖啡站喝咖啡的经历。作者非常高兴能使用这家咖啡站提供的陶瓷咖啡杯，因为这有助于环保节能。1．答案与解析：stating　考查非谓语动词。由“The advertisements were put up”可知，此处应作非谓语，再由advertisements与state的主动关系可知，此处用所给词的现在分词形式。2．答案与解析：to play　考查非谓语动词。由关键词for可知此处考查for sb. to do结构，故用不定式。3．答案与解析：had broken　考查时态。由before以及第一段的语境可知，这是在动身去咖啡站之前发生的动作，故应为“过去的过去”，所以用过去完成时。4．答案与解析：which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，空处在定语从句中作宾语，故用which。5．答案与解析：guilty　考查词形转换。由动词feel可知，此处需要形容词作表语，故用guilty。6．答案与解析：rarely　考查词形转换。修饰谓语动词应用副词，故用rarely。7．答案与解析：be washed　考查语态。分析句子结构可知，在where引导的定语从句中，此处需要谓语动词，they与动词wash之间为被动关系，故用be washed。8．答案与解析：without　考查介词。此处是讲使用“old ceramic （陶瓷的） coffee cups”的好处，表示不产生任何塑料或纸垃圾，因此此处用without。9．答案与解析：It　考查代词。此处It指代后面的不定式to see a local council... waste作形式主语，避免头重脚轻的问题。10．答案与解析：reduction　考查词形转换。此处名词作介词的宾语，故用reduce的名词形式reduction。