2023年高考英语全程考评特训卷课下天天练十七含解析

这是一份2023年高考英语全程考评特训卷课下天天练十七含解析，共11页。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
[2022·甘肃省第二次高考诊断]Sharks are amazing creatures. They are knwn as the deadliest hunters in the sea. Frtunately mst are nt, but there are sme kinds f sharks that can be extremely dangerus. Lk at these shrt descriptins f fur kinds f sharks.
The Great White Shark
The Great White Shark is ne f the mst frightening creatures in the sea. They live in trpical and subtrpical waters, and they can grw up t 9 meters lng. Mst Great White Sharks are actually grey, blue r brwn with a white belly, and their pwerful teeth are triangles with edges like saws.
The Whale Shark
Whale Sharks are the largest kind f shark in the wrld up t 11 meters in length. They live in trpical waters all arund the wrld, but they are nt dangerus. Whale Sharks are brwn r grey with white r yellw stripes. They ften travel near the surface f the sea.
The Mak Shark
Mak Sharks are fierce predatrs. They cme frm the same family f sharks as the Great White Shark and they are especially fast—they can swim at speeds f up t 65 kilmeters per hur. They are large bluish sharks fund in the Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean. Mak Sharks can grw up t 3 meters lng.
The Great Hammerhead Shark
The Great Hammerhead Shark's mst striking feature is its wide thick head which lks like a hammer. The average size f a Great Hammerhead Shark is apprximately 3.5 meters, but it can grw up t 6 meters lng. These sharks average ver 500 punds but can weigh as much as 1，000 punds. Like mst sharks the females are larger than the males. They have several rws f teeth that have 24 t 37 teeth per rw. The Great Hammerhead Shark has a very keen sense f smell, which helps it find its prey.
1．What can we learn frm the text?
A．Sharks usually live in icy waters.
B．Mak Sharks are fast but nt dangerus.
C．The Great White Shark has 24 t 37 sharp teeth.
D．Whale Sharks are bigger than ther sharks in the sea.
2．Why is a shark called the Great Hammerhead Shark?
A．Because f the size f its bdy.
B．Because f the waters it lives in.
C．Because f the shape f its head.
D．Because f the functin f its teeth.
3．Frm which is the text prbably taken?
A．A news reprt.
B．A bk review.
C．An advertisement.
D．A bilgy magazine.
B
[2022·长春市高三质量预测四]
CHARITY HONORS SON'S MEMORY
Nnprfit prviding gifts t 18 t 39 years ld is raising memry
By PAM KRAOEN
RAMONA, Calif.—Befre he died frm cancer at age 29, Silas River Bennett spent his final mnths taking phtgraphs f the wrld arund him, emailing friends, buying gifts fr his sisters and encuraging his family t give things t the needy. “What was imprtant t him was t have a sense f himself utside f cancer，” said his mm, Lrraine Kerz f Ramna.
Bennett went t the hspital in fall 2007 with severe back pains. He was diagnsed with stage 4 lung cancer that had spread t his bnes. Dctrs believed the cancer was envirnmentally caused, perhaps by expsure t sme pisnus gas in the basement where he lived r pisns in the paints he used as a painter. Kerz said her sn was a man with a great sense f humr and a very creative mind. He had an “electric intellect” wh lved debating and watching Jepardy！—a game shw n TV and telling stries with his phtgraphs. After Bennett died in May 2008, Kerz wanted t hnr the creative spirit and genersity f her sn, whse nickname was “Sy”. The result was Sy's Fund, a Ramna­based all­vlunteer natinal nnprfit that has fulfilled the wishes f mre than 250 peple aged 18 t 39 wh are battling cancer. Sy's Fund prvides them with small gifts—such as laptps, cameras, guitar lessns, r printers—t lift their spirits and refcus their energies in a psitive directin.
The grup raises mney thrugh three fundraisers each year, such as glf turnaments and 5K races. This year because f the COVID­19, they're trying a virtual fundraiser fr the first time. After registering nline, participants must dwnlad the “Let's Ram” app t their phnes t dnate. Fr thse wh want t apply fr a wish grant, visit sysfund.rg. The rganizatin is als seeking mre vlunteer members. Fr details, email Kerz at lrraine@sysfund.rg.
4．Why did Kerz fund Sy's Fund?
A．Because she wanted t hnr her sn.
B．Because she wanted t get rid f cancer.
C．Because she wanted t make her sn famus.
D．Because she wanted t gain mre prfit.
5．What can we learn abut Sy?
A．His cancer was caused by pisnus paints.
B．He spent his final mnths preparing fr the fund.
C．He was energetic and lived a shrt but clrful life.
D．He died mre than ne year after he was diagnsed with cancer.
6．Hw des Sy's Fund help the needy?
A．By selling sme things t cancer patients at a lw price.
B．By seeking mre vlunteers t tell stries.
C．By asking participants t dwnlad an app t the phnes.
D．By prviding cancer patients with small gifts.
7．Where is this text mst likely frm?
A．A newspaper. B．A guidebk.
C．An annuncement. D．A diary.
C
[2022·云南省第一次高中毕业生统一检测]A New Zealand cuncil has annunced a mnth­lng rad clsure in rder t allw a sea lin and her pup t reach the cean safely.
Jhn Wilsn Ocean Drive in Dunedin will be clsed after the New Zealand sea lins made their hme at a nearby glf curse (球场) and started “regularly crssing the rad t get t the beach”， accrding t a pst frm Dunedin City Cuncil.
“Yu can still visit the area n ft r by bicycle, but please give the sea lins lts f space，” cntinued the pst.
Lcals applauded the decisin，and ne even called fr the clsure t be made permanent.
“N dgs shuld be n the beach，either，”wrte Gaylene Smith.“We need t prtect ur beautiful sea life.”
Dgs are knwn t attack sea lins, and Chishlm Links Glf Curse, where the sea lins have made their hme, als psted advice t dg­walkers in an update.
“We're lucky t have sea lins n ur castline and we need t share the space with them，as this is what makes ur castline s unique！”wrte the curse n a medium.
The cuncil went n t explain that New Zealand sea lins are endangered, and are ne f the wrld's rarest species f sea lin.
There are an estimated 12，000 New Zealand sea lins left, accrding t the Department f Cnservatin. Under lcal law, anyne wh kills a sea lin culd face up t tw years in prisn r a fine f up t NZ $250，000.
8．What decisin has the Dunedin City Cuncil made?
A．Clsing an cean drive fr a mnth.
B．Clsing the nearby beach temprarily.
C．Frbidding entry int a glf curse.
D．Frbidding walking dgs utside.
9．Hw did the City Cuncil annunce the decisin?
A．By infrming peple n TV.
B．By psting it n a medium.
C．By advertising in a newspaper.
D．By sending ut ntices.
10．What is the attitude f the lcal peple tward the clsure?
A．Dubtful. B．Supprtive.
C．Uncaring. D．Critical.
11．What can we learn abut New Zealand sea lins frm the text?
A．They are under legal prtectin.
B．They are a cmmn species.
C．They are afraid f humans.
D．They are being killed by dgs.
D
[2022·长春市高三质量预测四]It's hard t turn dwn hamburgers, French fries, ptat chips and all f the ther junk fd that seem t call ut t us. Hwever, eating t much junk fd can harm yur bdy, particularly if yu're between the ages f 10 and 19.
“Junk fd shapes adlescent brains in ways that weaken their ability t think, learn and remember. It can als make it harder t cntrl impulsive behavirs，” said Amy Reichelt, a brain and nutritin specialist at Western University, Canada. “It may even up a teen's risk f depressin and anxiety.”
Reichelt and tw ther researchers fund adlescents are mre sensitive than any ther age grup t prcessed fds with a lt f fat and sugar. Adlescent brains are still develping the ability t assess risks and cntrl actins. The prefrntal crtex is the part f the brain that tells us we shuldn't eat chips all the time and helps us resist that urge. But this regin is the last t mature—it desn't fully develp until we are in ur early 20s. Meanwhile, teen brains get mre active frm rewards fr a while. The parts f the brain that make us feel gd when we d smething pleasurable are fully develped by the teen years.
In fact, these regins are even mre sensitive when we are yung. That's because dpamine (多巴胺), a natural chemical that lifts ur md when we experience smething gd, is especially active in adlescent brains. Therefre, the teen brain has tw strikes against it when it cmes t resisting junk fd.“It has a heightened drive fr rewards and reduced self­regulatin，” said Reichelt.
S, what's the best way t say n t junk fd? Researchers suggest exercise. When we exercise, the brain's reward system becmes less sensitive t fd. Exercise als cause the bdy t make a prtein that helps brain cells grw and bsts cnnectins between the prefrntal crtex and ther brain regins. The prefrntal crtex thus can wrk better t help us make wise decisins and cntrl ur impulses.
12．What is the main idea f the secnd paragraph?
A．The effects f eating junk fd.
B．The causes f favuring junk fd.
C．The tendency f sharing junk fd.
D．The benefits f aviding junk fd.
13．What is the functin f the prefrntal crtex?
A．It serves as the sense f taste.
B．It prmtes teenagers' spirits.
C．It is partly in charge f self­cntrl.
D．It helps teenagers grw physically mature.
14．What des “it” refer t in the third paragraph?
A．The prefrntal crtex.
B．The urge.
C．The adlescent brain.
D．The bdy.
15．Why it is hard fr teens t give up junk fd?
A．Junk fd is delicius and nutritius.
B．Junk fd is ppular amng yung peple.
C．Teenagers dn't realize the harm f junk fd.
D．Teenagers can feel temprary excitement frm junk fd.
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
[2022·南昌市第三次模拟]In the wrkplace, ne f the mst imprtant skills t pssess is gd cmmunicatin. __1__； it means they are able t listen t thers, as well as successfully cnvey their wn ideas and pinins. While listening and speaking are imprtant in effective cmmunicatin, there are ther skills that are vital t gd cmmunicatin in the wrkplace.
__2__. This means nt nly listening with yur ears but als being able t cmprehend what the persn is saying. Giving c­wrkers yur full attentin when they are cnveying an idea can g a lng way in building relatinships and furthering prgress.
Having empathy (同情) is very useful in cmmunicatin. __3__. Put yurself in the ther persn's psitin instead f judging r criticizing based n yur wn beliefs. While this may be difficult fr sme, empathizing with thers can be very helpful in keeping in tune with yur wn emtins and ideas.
Encuraging thers will heighten cnfidence and appreciatin in the wrkplace. __4__，yu help thers feel they are wanted, welcmed and respected by c­wrkers. Peple are much mre likely t spare n effrt if they knw they are valued.
Bdy language can greatly impact hw thers treat yu in the wrkplace. Being extrverted (外向的) and friendly lets c­wrkers knw yu are pen t hearing their pinins abut prjects r new designs.
__5__.Be sure t maintain eye cntact the majrity f the time yu are speaking with smene, and use hand gestures t help yu frm clearer thughts. Smiling ffers encuragement and creates a nticeable difference in hw yu are treated. Peple wh smile mre are seen as mre apprachable and trustwrthy.
While many f these gd cmmunicatin skills ccur naturally in individuals, sme may need t be learned and practiced in rder t becme secnd nature.
A．While cmmunicatin is imprtant
B．By praising thers and ffering wrds f encuragement
C．Praising c­wrkers helps cmmunicatin g smthly
D．It invlves seeing things frm the pint f view f thers
E．Peple value c­wrkers wh can cmmunicate effectively
F．Being able t listen t thers is vital in the cmmunicatin prcess
G．Bdy language is a large part f being empathetic and encuraging
课下天天练（十七） 40分阅读提分练
第一节
A
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自然——海洋生物——四种鲨鱼
【语篇解读】 鲨鱼是令人惊奇的生物。它们被称为海洋中最致命的猎手。幸运的是，大多数鲨鱼都不是，但有一些鲨鱼是非常危险的。本文介绍了大白鲨、鲸鲨、灰鲭鲨和无沟双髻鲨这四种鲨鱼的有关信息。
1．答案与解析：D'考查理解具体信息的能力。根据The Whale Shark部分的第一句“Whale Sharks are the largest kind f shark in the wrld”可知，鲸鲨是世界上最大的鲨鱼，即鲸鲨比海里的其他鲨鱼要大。故选D项。
2．答案与解析：C'考查理解具体信息的能力。根据The Great Hammerhead Shark部分的第一句可知，无沟双髻鲨最显著的特征是它的宽而粗的头部，看起来像一把锤子。故可知它因其头部的形状而得名。故选C项。
3．答案与解析：D'考查推断的能力。本文向我们介绍了四种鲨鱼的有关情况，结合选项可推知该篇文章应该摘自生物杂志。故选D项。
B
语篇类型：新闻报道 主题语境：人与社会——公益活动——慈善机构
【语篇解读】 本文讲述了Lrraine Kerz为了纪念儿子，成立了一个慈善机构，帮助需要帮助的人。今年，因为新冠肺炎疫情参与者在网上注册后，必须下载“Let's Ram”应用程序到自己的手机上才能捐赠。
4．答案与解析：A 考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段第六句“After Bennett died in May nickname was ‘Sy’”可知，Kerz建立Sy's Fund为的是纪念她儿子的创新精神和慷慨。故选A项。
5．答案与解析：C 考查推断的能力。根据第一段中的“Befre he died frm cancer at age family t give things t the needy”可知，在他生命的最后几个月里，他拍摄周围的世界，给朋友发电子邮件，给姐妹们买礼物，鼓励家人给穷人物品。所以可以推测，他精力充沛，生命虽短暂却丰富多彩。故选C项。
6．答案与解析：D 考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段最后一句“Sy's Fund prvides them with small gifts—such as... and refcus their energies in a psitive directin.”可知，Sy基金会为他们提供一些小礼物，比如笔记本电脑、相机、吉他课或打印机，让他们振作起来，把精力重新集中在积极的方向上。故选D。
7．答案与解析：A 考查推断的能力。根据文章大标题、小标题，“By PAM KRAOEN”以及文章最后一段中的最后三句话可推测本文最有可能选自报纸。故选A项。
C
语篇类型：新闻报道 主题语境：人与自然——人与动物——为海狮封闭道路
【语篇解读】 新西兰但尼丁市议会宣布要封闭道路一个月，目的是让一海狮和它的幼崽安全抵达海洋。当地人对此十分支持。
8．答案与解析：A 考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第一段内容和第二段中的“Jhn Wilsn Ocean Drive in Dunedin will be clsed”“accrding t a pst frm Dunedin City Cuncil”可知，但尼丁市议会做的决定是封闭海洋车道一个月，目的是让一海狮和它的幼崽安全抵达海洋。
9．答案与解析：B 考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段中的“accrding t a pst frm Dunedin City Cuncil”可知，该决定是通过一个帖子公布的，故选B。
10．答案与解析：B 考查推断的能力。根据第四段可知，当地人称赞这个决定，甚至有人呼吁永久封闭这个车道，由此可推知当地人是支持这一决定的。
11．答案与解析：A 考查理解具体信息的能力。根据最后一段最后一句可知，杀害海狮将面临坐牢或被罚款的处罚，由此可知，海狮受到法律的保护。
D
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自我——健康——垃圾食品对青少年的危害
【语篇解读】 我们很难拒绝汉堡包、炸薯条、薯片和所有其他似乎在召唤我们的垃圾食品。然而，吃太多垃圾食品会伤害你的身体，特别是如果你的年龄在10岁到19岁之间。本文主要介绍了垃圾食品对青少年的危害，以及如何拒绝垃圾食品。
12．答案与解析：A 考查理解段落主旨要义的能力。根据第二段中Amy Reichelt所讲的内容可知，垃圾食品对人们有害，比如会削弱人们的思考能力等。故最佳答案应该选A项。
13．答案与解析：C 考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第三段第三句和第四句“The prefrntal crtex is the until we are in ur early 20s”可知，前额皮质的功能是部分的自我控制。故选C项。
14．答案与解析：A 考查理解词汇的能力。根据破折号前面的“The prefrntal crtex is the part f the regin is the last t mature”可知，上面讲述的是前额皮质的功能，所以紧接着的it指代的应是前额皮质，故选A项。
15．答案与解析：D 考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第四段第三句中的“the teen brain has tw strikes against self­regulatin”可知，青少年很难拒绝垃圾食品的原因是他们能从这些垃圾食品中感受到暂时的兴奋，故选D项。
第二节
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——人际沟通——职场沟通的技能
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了几种职场沟通的技能，包括注意倾听、有同情心、鼓励他人等。
1．答案与解析：E 考查上下文衔接。根据空处下文“it means they are able t listen t thers, as well as successfully cnvey their wn ideas and pinins”可知，这意味着他们能够倾听他人，也能成功地表达自己的想法和意见。下文是对空处的解释，据此可知，空处讲的是与“善于沟通的同事”相关的内容，E项意为“人们看重能有效沟通的同事”与该处匹配。
2．答案与解析：F 考查主旨句。根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为该段的主旨句；根据该段中的“This means nt nly listening with yur ears but als being able t cmprehend what the persn is saying”可知，这意味着你不仅要用耳朵去听，还要能够理解对方在说什么。据此可知，该段主要陈述倾听在沟通中的重要性，故F项正确。
3．答案与解析：D 考查上下文衔接。根据空处下句“Put yurself in the ther persn's psitin instead f judging r criticizing based n yur wn beliefs”可知，要站在对方的角度考虑问题，而不是基于自己的信念去评判或批评。据此可知，空处说明应当从别人的角度看问题，故D项正确。
4．答案与解析：B 考查上下文衔接。根据该段首句“Encuraging thers will heighten cnfidence and appreciatin in the wrkplace”可知，鼓励他人可以增强自信，让你在工作中更受赏识；结合空处下文“yu help thers feel they are wanted，welcmed and respected by c­wrkers”可知，通过赞扬和鼓励，你会让他人感到同事需要他们、欢迎他们、尊重他们。故B项正确。
5．答案与解析：G 考查主旨句。根据语境可知，空处为该段主旨句；根据空处下句“Be sure t maintain eye cntact the majrity f the time yu are speaking with smene，and use hand gestures t help yu frm clearer thughts”可知，在你和别人说话的大部分时间里，一定要保持眼神交流，并用手势来帮助你形成更清晰的思路。据此可知，该段主要说明保持眼神交流、使用手势等肢体语言在沟通中的重要性。故G项正确。