高中北师大版 (2019)Unit 8 Green livingLesson 1 Roots and Shoots教案

这是一份高中北师大版 (2019)Unit 8 Green livingLesson 1 Roots and Shoots教案，共21页。

Unit8 Topic talk & Lesson1

1．industrialadj．工业的→industryn．[U]工业；[C]行业
2．extinctionn．[U]灭绝，消亡→extinctadj．已灭绝的，绝种的
3．solutionn．[C]解决办法→solvevt. 解决，处理；解答，破解
4．recyclevt．& vi．再利用，回收利用→recyclingn．[U]回收利用→recyclable adj．可回收利用的
5．balancen．[U,sing.]均衡，平衡；[U]平衡能力→balancedadj．保持（或显示）平衡的
6．shootn．[C]幼苗，嫩芽，新枝vt. & vi.射击；射门，投篮；拍摄→shotn．[C]射击，枪声；射门，投篮；照片；镜头；[C,usually sing.]尝试，努力→shootingn.[C]枪击；[U](电影的)拍摄
7．botheredadj．担心的；烦恼的→bothervi.花费时间精力（做某事）vt. 使（某人）烦恼，给（某人）造成麻烦n. [U]麻烦；[sing.]令人烦恼的情况（或事物、人）
8．foundationn．[C,U]基础→foundvt. 建立
9．involvevt．参与；包含→involvementn．[U]参与，加入→involvedadj．参与，有关联

重点单词与短语精析
★课标词▲高频词
★▲1.solution
【用法归纳与拓展】
(1)solution n.[C]解决办法，处理手段；答案，谜底(常与介词to搭配)
a solution to...……的解决办法/答案/谜底
come up with/find/seek a solution想出/找到/寻找解决方法
▶U.N. leaders are working hard to find a peaceful solution to the conflict.
联合国领导人正在努力寻找和平解决冲突的办法。
(2) solve vt. 解决，处理；解答，破解
▶She tried her best to solve the problem. 她尽了最大的努力解决这个问题。
(3)常与介词to连用的其他名词及其搭配：
the key to... ……的关键 the way to... 去……的路 the answer to ... ……的答案
the entrance to...……的入口 the approach to...……的方式/方法
【练习】语法填空
①—We need to keep working and find asolution to the problem as soon as possible.
—I couldn’t agree more.
②(2018·全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解七选五改编)Whatever you’re looking for, color isthe key to making (make)a room feelthe way you want it to feel.
③(浙江高考单项填空改编) Facing up toyour problems rather than running away fromthem is the best approach to working (work)things out.

★▲2.transport
【用法归纳与拓展】
(1)n. [U](BrE)交通运输系统；交通车辆。运输工具。在美式英语中，通常用 transportation。
air / road transport空运/陆运 public transport公共交通，公交车辆
(2)vt.运输，运送；使产生身临其境的感觉
transport...(from...)to... 把……(从……)运到……
▶A special bus transported the tourists from the airport to a hotel. 一辆专车把游客们从机场送到一家旅馆。
【练习】完成句子：科幻小说能够把你带到另一个世界或者帮你想象出你没有经历过的事情。
Science fiction cantransport you toanother world or help you imaginesomething beyond your own experience.

[高频短语]3.live a (n) . . . life
【用法归纳与拓展】
(1) live a(n)...life意为“过着……的生活”，其中life为动词live的同源宾语，该短语相当于leada(n)...life。
▶She lives a very peaceful life.她过着十分宁静的生活。
(2)live, smile, dream, sleep, laugh, breathe, die后边可以跟与这些动词同根的名词作宾语，这种宾语叫作同源宾语。
dream a sweet dream 做了个美梦 sleep a sound sleep 好好睡了一觉
breathe a deep breath深呼吸 laugh a merry laugh 开心一笑
fight a good fight 打了漂亮的一仗 smile a sweet smile露出甜美的笑容
【练习】单句写作：只有努力工作，我们才能过上幸福的生活。
Only by working hard can we live a happy life.

★▲4. balance
【用法归纳与拓展】
(1)n. [U,sing.]均衡，平衡；[U]平衡能力
keep a balance between...and...保持……与……之间的平衡
keep one’s balance 保持平衡 lose one’s balance 失去平衡
▶He tries to keep a balance between home life and his career. 他力图保持家庭生活和事业的平衡。
(2)vt. & vi. 使保持平衡；相抵，抵消vt.权衡重要性，比较
balance...against... 权衡……与……
▶You have to balance the advantages against of disadvantages of doing so.你必须权衡这样做的利弊。
(3)balanced adj.保持（或显示）平衡的
keep a balanced diet 保持均衡的饮食
【练习】1.语法填空
（2020·四川成都开学考）As is known to all , a balanced (balance) diet and moderate(适度的) exercise every
day are beneficial to health .
2.完成句子
①（天津高考单项填空改编）你工作太努力了。你最好在工作和休闲之间保持平衡。
You are working too hard. You’d better keep a balance between work and relaxation .
②在结满冰的街道上保持平衡不容易。
It’s not easy to keep your balance on an icy street.
③刚才我骑自行车的时候失去了平衡，掉了下来。
While I was riding my bike, I lost my balance and fell down just now.

★5. bother
【用法归纳与拓展】
(1)vi.花费时间精力（做某事）。常用于否定句和疑问句中。
bother doing sth./to do sth. 费心做某事
bother about/with sth.为某事费心/花费时间精力
can’t be bothered(to do sth.)不想花时间精力（做某事）
Why bother(…)?干嘛要费事（……）?
▶He didn’t even bother to let me know he was coming.他甚至都没通知我他要来。
▶The grass needs cutting but I can’t be bothered to do it today. 草得剪一剪了，但我今天懒得去做。
▶Why bother asking if you’re not really interested?如果你不是真的感兴趣，干吗要费口舌打听呢？
(2)vt.使（某人）烦恼，给（某人）造成麻烦
bother sb.(about/with.)(拿某事）烦扰某人
It bothers sb.to do sth./that...做某事/……使某人烦恼。
▶I don’t want to bother my parents.我不想让父母为我的功课烦恼。
▶It bothered Tom greatly that he had failed his driving test.驾照考试不及格让汤姆很烦恼。
(3)n.[U]麻烦；[sing.]令人烦恼的情况（或事物、人）
▶I don’t want to put you to any bother.我不想给你添任何乱子。
▶You are so busy that I do hope I haven’t been a bother.你那么忙，我真的希望我没有烦扰到你。
【练习】完成句子
①He can’tbebotheredtosayhello.他连打声招呼都不肯。
②Don’t botherhimwith/aboutit now; he’s very busy.现在不要拿这个去打扰他，他很忙。
③You needn’tbotherto come up.你不必费心来了。

★▲6. shoot
【用法归纳】
(1)n. [C]幼苗，嫩芽，新枝
(2)vt. & vi.射击；射门，投篮；拍摄（shoot 作动词时，过去式和过去分词均为shot）
shoot at…朝……射击
▶The new soldier shot at the target, but missed it again.这个新兵瞄准靶子射击，但又没有射中。
(3)shot n.[C]射击，枪声；射门，投篮；照片；镜头；[C,usually sing.]尝试，努力
shootingn.[C]枪击；[U](电影的)拍摄
【练习】判断下列句子中shoot的词性及含义
①Life of Pi《少年派》shot by Ang Lee and his team iswidely recognized as a best movie.v.拍摄
②I think it’s cruel of them to shoot theanimals.v.射杀
③The basketball player shot the last goal.v.投篮
④Bamboo shoots are eaten as a popular dishbecause of the crispness(脆嫩) andfresh, sweet taste.n.嫩芽

[高频短语]7. take action
【用法归纳与拓展】take action意为“采取行动”。其中action前没有冠词，但可用quick(快的), swift(迅速的),active(积极的),immediate(立刻的)等形容词对其进行修饰。
take action to do sth.采取行动做某事
【练习】单句写作：收到这一消息后，当地政府立即采取行动阻止疾病蔓延。
On receiving the news thegovernment take immediate action to stopthe disease spreading.

8.committed
【用法归纳与拓展】committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的，坚定的
be committed to(doing)sth.致力于（做）某事；对（做）某事很坚定
▶Mr Li is a committed teacher, who is very popular among students.李老师是一位尽职尽责的老师，很受学生欢迎。
▶Weare fullycommitted to equal opportunity policies.我们完全支持机会均等政策。
(1)commit vt.承诺，保证；做出（错事），犯（罪）；自杀
commit sb./oneself to(doing)sth.承诺（做）某事
commit a crime/a mistake犯罪/犯错误
commit suicide自杀
(2)commitment n.[C,U]许诺, 承诺；[U](对工作或某活动)献身，奉献，投入；[C,U](资金、时间、人力的)花费，使用
make a commitment to sb./sth.对某人/某物作出承诺
make a commitment to do/doing sth.保证/承诺做某事
carry out one’s commitment 履行某人的承诺
【练习】语法填空
①We will remaincommitted(commit) to thepath of peaceful development and shouldermore international responsibilities.
②(江苏高考完形填空改编) But hequickly found that he loved playing thisinstrument(乐器),and was committed topracticing(practice) it so that within acouple of months he was playingreasonably well.
③The President made a commitment(commit)to the nation that he would struggle forlower taxes and improve health care aftertaking office.

★9. absent adj.缺席，不在；心不在焉的；不存在，缺少
【用法归纳与拓展】
be absent from... 缺席……；缺少……
▶John has been absent from school for three days. 约翰已经三天没上学了。

[语境串记]
Our monitor was absent from school today, and his absence was due to a high fever. Inhis absence, Mr White started a new chapter.我们的班长今天没来上课，他缺席是因为发高烧了。他不在时，怀特老师开始讲新一章的内容了。
【练习】语法填空
①(2020·吉林长春开学考) Concernedabout the student, the teacher called hisparents to find out why he was absent from class.
②I’m sorry for myabsence(absent) fromyour birthday party yesterday. I waswriting an essay to be handed intoday.

★▲10.involve
【用法归纳与拓展】
(1)vt.(使) 参加，加入；牵连，牵涉
involve sb.in(doing)sth.使某人参加某活动/参与（做）某事/把某人卷入某事中
▶We should try to involve every child in the game.我们应该尽量让每一个孩子都参加这个游戏。
(2)vt. 包括，需要
involve doing sth. 包括做某事，需要做某事
▶Your work involves cleaning the room. 你的工作包括打扫这个房间。
(3)involvement n.[U]参与，加入
(4)involved adj.参与，有关联
be involved in...参与……，与……有关联 be involved in doing sth 专心做某事
▶We need to consider all the costs involved in the project first.我们首先需要考虑所有与这一项目有关的费用。
【练习】语法填空
①We are proud that some students in our school are involved in the making of the amazing video. *[参与]
①He was involved in working out a plan. *[专心做某事]
②Don’t involve me in solving (solve) your problem. 把某人卷入某事中

短语巩固
让水龙头一直流水leave the tap running 捡起垃圾pick up litter
例如for instance 公共交通 public transport
提升我们的环保意识increase our awareness of environment
回收旧电池 recycle used batteries 过着低碳生活 live a low-carbon life
与自然和谐相处 live in harmony with nature
维持人与自然之间的平衡maintain the balance between human and nature
尽自己所能做某事 do my part for sth. 与……作斗争 fight against
似乎 as if 懒得做某事 not be bothered to do sth.
以自我为中心 just-me-ism 遭受 suffer from
那又怎样 so what 对……有作用，有影响make a difference to
鼓励年轻人采取行动inspire young people to take action
建立set up 除了...以外（还）in addition to
致力于……be committed to ……的目的 the purpose of
与自然和平相处live together in peace with nature 打下坚实的基础make a firm foundation
全世界 all around the world 为……做贡献make a contribution to
从……的角度看 from the perspective of 对……有负面影响have negative effects on
事实上in fact 担心 be/become concerned about
处理deal with

重点句型分析
1.not to leave the tap running不要让水龙头一直流水
【考点提炼】“leave+宾语+宾补”结构
在“leave+宾语+宾补”结构中，leave作使役动词，表示“让……处于（某种状态、某地等）”。
“leave+宾语+宾补”结构的形式有：
(1)leave+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语
▶His illness has left him very weak.生病使他很虚弱。
▶It’s cruel of him to leave the poor beggar outside.把这个可怜的乞丐留在外面，他太残忍了。
▶I can’t find my purse. I could have left it in the supermarket yesterday, but I’m not sure.
我找不到我的钱包了。也许我昨天把它落在超市里了，但是我不确定。
(2)leave+宾语+名词（多表示一种结果）
▶His parents died two years ago, leaving him an orphan.他的父母两年前去世了，使他成了孤儿。
(3)leave+宾语+现在分词（现在分词表示主动及动作或状态的延续，其中宾语与构成宾补的动词之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系）
▶Kate’s sudden leaving left us all wondering what was going to happen.
凯特的突然离去使我们大家都想知道将要发生什么事。
(4)leave+宾语+过去分词(过去分词表示被动或动作的完成，其中宾语与构成宾补的动词之间形成逻辑上的动宾关系)
▶The bad weather left the project half finished.糟糕的天气使工程只完成了一半。
【练习】1.语法填空
①Qi Baishi’s style of painting often leavesthe audienceguessing (guess) andmakes them use their imagination.
②Firefighters put out the fire, which leftthe kitchen damaged (damage) and theoven(烤箱) completelydestroyed (destroy).
2.单句写作
他把钥匙忘在了办公室。He left his keys in the office .（leave）

2.What would happen if everybody did the same things?如果每个人做同样的事情，将会发生什么？
【句型分析】本句使用了虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反的假设，故if引导的虚拟条件句谓语用了过去式，主句谓语用了“would+动词原形”。
【考点提炼】虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法
不同虚拟条件下，虚拟条件句的主、从句谓语形式一览表：
类型
从句
主句
与现在事实相反
If＋主语＋did(be动词用were)
主语＋＋do
与过去事实相反
If＋主语＋had done
主语＋
与将来事实相反

did
If + 主语 + were to + do
should + do
主语＋＋do

▶If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.(与现在事实相反)
如果我是一只小鸟，我愿在天空中飞翔。
▶If you had taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the examination yesterday.(与过去事实相反)
如果你听从了我的建议，你就不会在昨天的考试中失利了。
▶If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go there.(与将来事实相反)
如果明天下雨，我们就不去那里。
【练习】语法填空
①If he had not been addicted to thecellphone when walking, he wouldn’thave been(be) hit by a car.
②(2020·江苏七市联考)— Ted has neverbeen so rude !
—You wouldn’t have been so angry if hehad made(make) an apology for it, but Iguess he didn’t mean to.
③If I had the chance, Iwould could/ should/ might start(start)abusiness that would benefit my classmatesat my university.
④If Iwere(be) you, I wouldmore attention to English idioms and phrases.

语法
动词－ing和－ed形式
思维导图


【挖教材·语法示例】用括号内词的适当形式完成下面教材中的句子并体会它们的语法特征
1. Well, say you leave the tap running (run) while you brushyour teeth, leave a light on when you go out or you drop a pieceof litter and can’t be bothered to pick it up.
2. But just think of all the millions of people saying (say)tothemselves：“It doesn’t matter...”
3. One cheered-up person, one happy dog,one flowering (flower)plant, and you.
4. Do you want to make roots Shoots rooted (root) everyone’s heart?

分词的用法
【考点一】分词的基本形式
分词具有动词的特征，同时又有形容词和副词的特征，因而它在句中可以作定语、状语、宾语补足语和表语等。
过去分词没有时态和语态的变化，但现在分词有，具体见下表：
现在分词形式
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
having done
having been done

▶Hearing the good news, they burst into cheers.听到这个好消息，他们欢呼了起来。
▶Being talked to, you should look into the eyes of the person. 有人和你说话时，你应该看着那个人的眼睛。
▶Having told him the answer several times, I didn’t know whetherhe could understand.
尽管已经告诉他答案好几次了,但我不知道他是否能理解。
▶Having been told the answer several times, he still couldn’t answer the question.
尽管已经告诉过他答案好几次了，但他仍然答不出这个问题。
▶Seriously injured, she had to be sent to hospital at once.她受了重伤，必须立即送往医院。

【考点二】分词作定语
1.分词作定语的基本用法
一般来说，若分词与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，则用现在分词作定语；若分词与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，则用过去分词作定语。分词作定语时可以转换成定语从句。
▶The man talking with our headmaster is Tom’s father. =The man who is talking with our headmaster is Tom’s father.
正在和我们的校长谈话的男人是汤姆的爸爸。
情况
形式
意义
现在分词作定语
doing
表示主动、动作正在进行或现在(当时)的状态。
▶They lived in a room facing south. 他们住在一个朝南的房间里。
being done
表示被动且动作正在进行。
▶The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important.
会上正在讨论的问题非常重要。
过去分词作定语
done
表示被动、动作已完成。
▶The problem discussed at the meeting is very important.
会上讨论过的问题非常重要。

特别提醒
不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示动作已完成，不表示被动意义；及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示被动意义或已完成的被动动作。
1.只表示完成
the fallen leaves落叶(=the leaves that have fallen落叶) the risen sun升起的太阳
2.只表示被动
an honoured guest一位贵宾 a deeply respected teacher一位深受尊敬的老师
3.表示被动和完成
a broken glass碎了的玻璃杯 the question discussed yesterday昨天讨论过的问题


2.分词作定语的位置
单个分词作定语时通常前置(也有后置的情况)，分词短语作定语时通常后置，可转化为定语从句。作前置定语的现在分词多数已经形容词化。
▶Abarking dog seldom bites.吠犬不咬人。
▶Will the people sitting at the back(= Will the people who/thatare sitting at the back) keep quiet, please?
坐在后面的人请保持安静，好吗?
▶The building being built(= The building which is being built) now will be our dining hall.
现在正在建的那栋建筑将会是我们的食堂。
3.形容词化的分词
英语中某些动词的分词形式已经形容词化。一般来说，形容词化的现在分词表示“令人……的”，形容词化的过去分词表示“感到……的”。
exciting令人激动的 excited激动的 frightening骇人的 frightened害怕的
interesting有趣的 interested感兴趣的 tiring令人困倦的 tired困倦的

【考点三】分词作状语
一般情况下，作状语的分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。若分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，则用现在分词作状语；若分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，则用过去分词作状语。
1.分词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随等，也可以扩展为相应的状语从句或者改写为并列成分。可以置于句首、句中或句末，一般要用逗号同其他成分隔开。
功能
用法及例句
时间状语
可转换为when,while等引导的时间状语从句。
▶Hearing the noise(＝When I heard the noise), I turned around.听到响声我转过身去。
▶Seen from the top of the hill (= When it is seenfrom the top of the hill), the city looks like a big garden.
从山顶上看，这个城市像一个大花园。
原因状语
可转换为as, since, because等引导的原因状语从句
▶Being poor(＝Because he was poor), he couldn’t afford a TV set.由于贫穷，他买不起电视机。
▶Frightened by the noise in the night(= Because shewas frightened by the noise in the night),the little
girl didn’t dare to sleep in her room.小姑娘被夜里的响声吓坏了，不敢在她的房间里睡觉。
条件状语
可转换为if, unless等引导的条件状语从句。
▶Working hard(＝If you work hard), you’ll certainly succeed.只要努力学习，你肯定会成功的。
▶Given another chance(= If he is given anotherchance), he will do it better.
如果再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。
让步状语
可转换为 although, though, even if, even though等引导的让步状语从句。
▶Knowing where I live(=Though he knows where I live), he never comes to see me.
尽管他知道我住在哪儿，但他从不来看我。
▶Wounded(=Though he was wounded), the bravesoldier continued to fight.
尽管受了伤，但这名勇敢的战士继续作战。
伴随状语、方式状语
作伴随状语或方式状语的分词没有对应的状语从句，但常可改写为并列成分。
▶Mary sat at the table, writing an article in English(= and wrote an article in English).
玛丽坐在桌子旁，用英语写文章。
▶He walked slowly in the forest，followed by a dog.
他在森林里慢慢地走着，后面跟着一条狗。(伴随状语)

特别提醒
当现在分词作结果状语时，其逻辑主语可以是句子的主语，也可以是前面的整个句子；若情况为后者时，现在分词可以转化为非限制性定语从句。
▶The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, making air conditioning unnecessary (= which made airconditioning unnecessary).冷风吹过我们卧室的窗户，没有必要开空调。( making air conditioning unnecessary
的逻辑主语是前面的句子)


2.有时分词可以与连词连用，可看作状语从句的省略。常见的连词有 while,when,once,if, though, although, even if,eventhough, unless,than,as等。
▶Even if invited, I won’t attend the evening party.即使被邀请，我也不会去参加那个晚会。
▶While waiting for the bus, he met Mary.等公共汽车时，他遇到了玛丽。

3.某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，这些过去分词作状语时，既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如lost(迷路的), seated(坐着的), hidden(隐藏的), lost/absorbedin(沉溺于), dressed in(穿着……的), tired of(对……感到厌倦的)等。
▶Absorbed in the book, he didn’t notice me enter the room. 他全神贯注地看书，没有注意到我进了房间。

4.分词作状语时，在少数情况下，其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，分词用来修饰全句。如: considering...(鉴于,考虑到…); generally speaking(一般说来); judging by/from...(从……来看,依据……来判断); supposing that...(假定……); owing to…(由于……); speaking of...(谈及……); providing/ provided that...(假定……); given...(考虑到……)等。
▶Judging from her accent, she must come from Fuiian province.听她的口音，她肯定来自福建省。
▶Given her interest in children, teaching seems the right job forher.考虑到她喜欢孩子，教书看来是适合她的工作。

【考点四】分词作宾语补足语
分词作宾补时，现在分词表示正在进行的主动意义，过去分词则表示已经完成的被动意义。
现在分词
表示主动、动作正在进行，宾语是现在分词所表示动作的执行者。
▶I heard her singing an English song when I passedby her room yesterday.
昨天我经过她的房间时，听到她正在唱一首英语歌曲。
过去分词
表示被动、动作已完成，宾语是过去分词所表示动作的承受者。
▶I heard the English song sung many times.我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌。

分词作宾语补足语时常用于以下两种情况：
1.位于感官动词后，如see，hear，feel，smell，watch，find，notice等。
▶We saw the teacher doing the experiment.我们看到老师在做实验。
▶I heard someone knocking at the door.我听到有人在敲门。
▶He heard his name called.他听见有人叫他的名字。
▶She saw the thief caught by policemen.她看见小偷被警察抓住了。

2.位于使役动词后，如make，have，get，keep，leave等。
▶They had the light burning all night.他们整夜亮着灯。
▶I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.很抱歉让你久等了。
▶Many young people have their hair coloured.许多年轻人把他们的头发染了颜色。
▶She still couldn’t make herself understood in English.她依然不能用英语表达出自己的意思。

特别提醒
make后的宾补不能用现在分词。
▶He raised his voice to make himselfheard.他提高了嗓门，以便让别人听到他的声音。


【考点五】分词作表语
1.分词作表语时，现在分词往往表示主语所具有的特征，过去分词往往表示主语的状态或状况。
▶The result of the accident is shocking.这一事故的后果令人震惊。
▶The argument is very convincing.这一论据很有说服力。
▶He seemed quite delighted at the news.听到这个消息他似乎很高兴。
▶I am pleased with the result of the experiment.我对实验结果很满意。

2.有些作表语的分词可看作形容词，比如 exciting, interesting,disappointing, discouraging, encouraging, inviting(吸引人的), charming(迷人的), delighted, disappointed, discouraged, amused, astonished, interested, tired, satisfied, excited, pleased, broken 等。
▶What he said was encouraging.他说的话令人振奋。
▶We were encouraged by what he said.他的话使我们深受鼓舞。

3.过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别

区别
过去分词
作表语
强调主语的特点或所处的状态。
▶Don’t touch the glass because it is broken.不要碰那个玻璃杯，因为它破了。(表示主语所处的状态)
被动语态
表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作本身，后面常跟by短语。
▶The cup was broken by Jim.杯子是吉姆打破的。(强调“打破”的动作)

总结
动词－ing形式是非谓语动词的一种形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种。动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语；现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语、表语和定语。
动词－ed形式是非谓语动词的一种形式，表示被动和完成，在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。

巩固练习
A 基础练｜知识巩固｜建议时间：30 mins
一、单词拼写(用本部分所学单词)
Topic Talk
1. The movie was so sad. I finished it using up a box oftissues.I was in tears.
2. Generally Andrew uses public transportbut on occasion hedrives to his workplace.
3. No matter how dry a desert may be, it is not necessarily lifeless.
4.(2020·江苏南京检测) Manual workers can be releasedfrom tiring and repetitive tasks on the production line by industrial(工业的) robots.*解析[工业机器人可以使体力劳动者从生产线上繁重的工作中解脱出来]
5.(2020·天津静海区期末) As global warming increases,the Earth will become less suitable to live on and manyspecies will faceextinction(灭绝).
6. In recent years, we have suffered from the heavy smog (雾霾) weather, which has done great harm to our daily life.
7.(2020·江苏无锡检测) The cultural factor is by no means to be neglected when we try to create aglobal(全球的) brand. *[解析]在我们努力打造全球品牌的过程中，文化因素是不容忽视的。
8.(2020·江苏南通检测) Undoubtedly, the more petrol(汽油) andelectricity (电) we consume, the more carbon dioxide we release. *[解析]毫无疑问，我们消耗的汽油和电力越多，释放的二氧化碳就越多。
9. It is common practice that all rubbish is to be classified before it isrecycled(回收利用).
10. The team are working hard to analyze the problem so that they can find the bestsolution(解决方法).

Lesson1
1. The coming New Year signals the approach of spring, whengrass and trees start to produce new shoots.
2. It is universally acknowledged that reading lays a solidfoundationfor further learning.
3. As everybody knows, vocabulary is an important part oflanguage, just likebricks(砖) in a building.
4. Many people hold acommitted(坚定的) belief that the curefor cancer will be found one day.
5. Who would you like to recommend as chairman of ourresearchinstitute(研究院)?
6. Learning English means more than memorizing a lot ofwords.Itinvolves(包括) a large amount of reading aswell.

二、语法填空。在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Topic Talk
1.(2020·江苏泰州期末) His speech about how to live in harmonywiththe wild animals was very impressive, leaving the audiencelost(lose) in thought.
2. We drove to the airport the next morning to pickupSusan.
3. The whole nation is struggling to work out an inexpensive yet effective solutionto smog.
4. We can save our planet through many other ways, such as saving water and usingrecycled (recycle) paper.
5. Global warming is such a great threat that all the options deserved exploring/to be explored(explore).
6. He went away without saying anything, leaving usstanding(stand)outside.
7. I wonder if/whetheryou could put up these boys for the night as all the hotels are full.
8. Replacing some of the fats in your diet with vegetables can provide abalanced(balance) diet.

Lesson1
1. Jim is absent from the party for his serious injury in the football game.
2.(2020·江苏无锡期末) Prevention of COVID-19 is a universal problem, which means that people all over the world should get involved .
3.(2020·上海金山区期末) Last month, part of Southeast Asia was stuck by floods, whose effects people are still suffering from .
4.Concerned about these wild animals, people set up reserves to protect them, especially the endangered species.
5.(2020·北京二中期末) Helen had to shout to make herself heard (hear)above the sound of the music.
6. Parents should involve themselves in their children’s education.
7. His long absence from work raised concerns about his safety.
8. Volunteering is pleasant and there is so much more I could do if I had (have) the time.

三、完成句子
Topic Talk
1.一旦你养成了一个坏习惯，改掉它是很难的。
Once you have picked up a bad habit, it is very difficult to get rid of it. (pick up)
2.他昨晚熬夜看电影。难怪他今天这么困。
He stayed up late to watch the movie last night.No wonder he is so sleepy(wonder).
3.所以，如果一个人从失败中吸取教训，失败可以帮助他过上更幸福的生活。
Failure can help a person to live a happier life if he draws some lessons from it.(live)

Lesson1
1.(2020·江苏扬州调研)——我们的校园网怎么了？
——我不知道。我的电脑有几天没联网了。
—What’s the matter with our school network?
—I don’t know. My computer hasn't been linked to theInternet for a few days.( the matter)
2.这些年轻人呼吁社区居民采取行动减少浪费。
These young people call on residents in the communityto take action to reduce waste(take action).
3.除了健康的饮食,你还需要经常锻炼来减肥。
In addition to a healthy diet, you also need regular exercise to loseweight. (in addition to)
4.自2000年以来，这个国家一直致力于改善空气质量。
The country has been committed to improving its air quality since 2000.(committed)
5.绿化我们城市的目的是使我们的城市生活更舒适。
The aim of greening our city isto make it more comfortable to live in.(make+宾语+宾补)
6.我知道我不应该经常在外面吃饭，但我就是懒得自己做饭。
I know I should not eat out too often, butI just can’t be bothered to cook for myself.(bother)

B 语法练｜专项突破｜建议时间：25 mins
一、用适当的词填空
1.(2019·天津单项填空改编) Most colleges now offer first-year students a speciallydesigned(design)to help them succeed academically and personally. *[解析]现在大多数大学都为一年级的学生提供一个专门设计的课程，帮助他们在学业和个人方面取得成功。
2. When he woke up, he found himself lying in the hospital and being looked(look) after by an old woman.
3. I love Chinese classical poetry because it has a certain rhyme(押韵) and is written in simple language, making(make) it easy to learned and recite.
4. Whenasked (ask) for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
5. Will you feel nervous andfrightened(frighten) when you arrive at a place that you are unfamiliar with?
6. Founded(found )in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art.
7. I looked up and noticed a snakewinding(wind) its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. [一条蛇蜿蜒着爬上树去吃早饭]
8.(2018·北京单项填空改编) Ordinary soap, used(use) correctly, can deal with bacteria(细菌) effectively.
9. Clearly and thoughtfullywritten (write), the bookinspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
10. While walking (walk) along the street, I heard my name called (call)．
11.(2020·福建漳州开学考) What I dislike isgetting(get)up too early.
12. Though it was midnight, she found her daughtersitting(sit)at the desk, completelyabsorbed(absorb) in herhomework.
13. People read newspapers and magazines to keep themselvesinformed(inform) of what is going on in the world outside.
14. He was quiteexcited(excite)at the newsannounced(announce) by his class teacher.
15.(2020·天津名校模拟) Generallyspeaking(speak), John has done a good job, but even so, he seems to lack confidence.

二、结合分词的用法改写下列句子。
1. The sun shines brightly in the sky, and gives us light and heat.
The sun shines brightly in the sky, giving us light and heat.
2. Although his father worked from morning till night, his father didn’t get enough food.
Working from morning till night, his father didn’t get enough food.
3. As he was absorbed in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching(傍晚来临).
Absorbed in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching
4. After he had worked for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
Having worked for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
5. The witness(目击者) who was questioned by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
The witnessquestioned by the police just nowgave very different descriptions of the fight.

二、语法填空。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内词的正确形式。
The Tang Dynasty is known famous poets, one of whom is Du Fu (712-770). As a young man, he traveled a lot and
1 (show) a great interest in many different things, such as paintings, music, and of course poetry—writing 2
(include). But during his lifetime he never 3 (become) famous; in fact, he thought of himself as a failure. It as only
in the 11th century that his poetic(诗歌的) genius 4 (recognize). Nowadays he 5 ( call )“the mirror of his time”because his poems paint a realistic picture of the problems of his age. These include the sufferings of the poor, the corruption(腐败) of the rich, and the unfairness of the society at that time.
Another famous poet, Li Bai, 6 ( grow )up in Sichuan. 7 (compare) with the other young men of his time in the Civil Service Examination, he was not so 8 (success). So he began a life of travel and poetry, 9 (produce) more than a thousand poems. Nature, friendship, wine and the human condition are his favorite subjects. It is said that he drowned when 10 (try)to take hold of the reflection of the moon in the river.
1.showed 2.included 3.became 4.was recognized 5.is called6.grew 7.Compared 8.successful 9.producing 10.trying

C｜综合练｜能力提升｜建议时间：7mins
课文语法填空。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Suffering from“Just-me-ism”，some people pay little attention to the environment：they leave the tap 1.running (run) while brushing the 2.teeth ( tooth), leave a light on when being out or even they drop a piece of litter and can’t be bothered to pick it up. Though they know that all those things are wrong, they think little of it. To inspire young people to take action for the environment, animals and their community, Roots & Shoots 3.was established (establish). This institute was set up in the early 1990s by Dr. Jane Goodall, 4.an expert on wild chimpanzees.
The whole purpose of Roots Shoots is 5. to educate (educate) young people, from pre-schoolers to university students, so they can help to build a future that is secure and live together in peace with nature. The reason 6.why it is called Roots Shoots is that roots move 7.slowly (slow )under the ground to make a firm foundation, and shoots seem small and weak, but they can break open brick walls to reach the light.
In fact, even the little thing you do every day can make a difference 8.to the environment. For example, you can make the world a 9.better (good) place when you make a sad person smile, make a dog wag its tail, and water a thirsty plant. Just as Dr. Jane Goodall believes, every individual has a role to play and every individual makes a difference. To make the world a better place for people, animals and the environment, it’s our duty to make Roots Shoots rooted in everyone’s heart. All of 10.us (we) should be a part of a community for a shared future.