高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 1 Cultural Heritage导学案

Unit 1 Cultural Heritage

Period 3 Discovering Useful Structure

Restrictive relative clauses (3)

【学习目标】

1. To review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.

2. To learn to use some special cases concerning restrictive relative clauses flexibly.

【学习重难点】

1. To appreciate the function of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses in a sentence.

2. To write essays using the proper relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.

【课前诊断】

本节语法思考：定语从句在复合句中的作用是什么？关系词有哪些？

【学习过程】

Step 1：巩固复习限定性定语从句基本用法。

定语从句关系代词用法：

定语从句中关系代词的选用主要由______________决定。当先行词是表示人的名词或代词时，关系代词一般用___________，____________，___________；当先行词是表示事物的名词或代词时，关系代词一般用__________________；当先行词既有表示事物的名词或代词，又有表示人的名词或代词时，关系代词一般用________________________。whose用作关系代词时，它表示“_____________”，whose引导定语从句时，其先行词可以是指人的名词，其实也可以是指_________________的名词。

关系副词的用法：

如果先行词是指代“时间的名词”，还原到定语从句中作_________，则用关系副词when；如果先行词是指代“地点的名词”，还原到定语从句中作___________，则用关系副词where；如果先行词是指代“原因的名词（reason）”，还原到定语从句中作______________，则用关系副词why。

Step 2: 限制性定语从句几种特殊情况。

一、定语从句中介词+关系代词用法

当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。关系代词只能用___________或______________。先行词指物时， 用_______________，先行词指人时，用____________。

在这个结构中，介词的确定的原则是：

1.依据定语从句中动词或形容词等所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。

He is the man on __________ you can rely.

他是你可以信赖的人。

Jack introduced to me his friend with ________________ I was not very familiar.

杰克向我介绍了我不很熟悉的那个朋友。

2.依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定。

I’ll never forget the day on _________________ we worked together in the countryside.

我不会忘记我们一起在乡下工作的日子。

3.根据所表达的意思来确定。

The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through ________________ we could see what was happening inside the house.

这个聪明的孩子在墙上挖了一个洞，透过它我们可以看到屋里发生的事情。

4.表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。

Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of ______________ she spoke fluently.

朱丽亚擅长德语、法语和俄语，这三样她都说得流利。

5.在定语从句中有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after, look for等。

The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy. (正确)

The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy. (错误)

二、介词+关系代词常见句型：

1.“代词+ of + which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句

这个结构中，代词常常为all, each, one, many, much, most, some, none, both等，“代词+ of + which/whom”通常在定语从句中用作主语，说明整体中的一部分。有时候也可把“of + which/whom”置于代词前。

It is reported that two schools, both of _____________ are being built in my hometown, will open next year.

据报道，在我的家乡两所学校都正在建设中，将于明年投入使用。

2.“数词+of + which/whom”引导定语从句

这种结构常用来引导非限制性定语从句，有时候也可以把“of + which/whom”置于数词前。

3.“the+名词+ of which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句

这个结构中，of which/whom充当定语，修饰前面的名词，整个结构相当于“whose+名词”引导的定语从句。

4.“the+形容词比较级(最高级)+ of + which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句

There are two buildings, the larger of ______________ stands nearly a hundred feet height。

这儿有两座建筑物，较大的那一座几乎有100英尺高。

三、限制性定语从句中，关系词可以省略的几种情况。

1.定语从句的先行词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系词通常省略。

I have taken with me the two books (that/which) you asked me to return to the City Library。

我把你要我送还给市图书馆的那两本书带走了。

2.先行词是way, reason, time, place等且它们在定语从句中分别作方式、原因、时间和地点状语时，其后定语从句的相应关系词that/in which, why/that, when, where等可以省略。

The way (that/in which) you look at the problem is wrong.

你看待问题的方式是错误的。

3.由and, but, or等并列连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰同一个先行词时，第一个关系词可以省略，但第二、三个一般不可以省略。

The reason (why/that) he wanted to sell his house was that he needed a lot of money for his operation.

他想卖掉房子的原因是他的手术需要很多钱。

Step 3 课后巩固

用关系代词和关系副词填空。

1. She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.

2. Kale, _________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.

3. Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.

4. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Program, one of _______ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.

5. Many young people, most of ______ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.

6. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____ the weather may be better.

7. It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages,

8. Opposite is St. Paul’s Church, ______________ you can hear some lovely music.

9. He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of ____ were published in the 1990s.

10. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time _________he should be able to be independent.