人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration学案设计

Unit 4 Space Exploration

Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures

动词不定式做定语和状语（导学案）

1. To learn to use “the infinitive” used as the adverbial and attributive.

2. To write essays using the proper “the infinitive” used as the adverbial and attributive.

1.To understand the sentences which include the infinitive as the adverbial or attributive.

2.To use the infinitive as the adverbial or attributive flexibly in a writing.

观察下列句子特点，总结共同点。

I.教材原句

1. Some scientists were determined to help humans realize their dream to explore space.

2. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.

3. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.

分析上面的句子: 句1和句 2中黑体部分是动词不定式用作_____; 句3中黑体部分是动词不定式用作_____。

II.指出下列句子中画线部分所作的句子成分

1．Can you find a proper person to finish this job in time？       

2．Do you have anything to be taken there?         

3．I hurried to his house, only to find him out.       

4．He's old enough to make a trip alone.       

5．Do you have anything to do tonight?        

6．In his third year, he left Harvard to work for a company called

 Microsoft.   

一、不定式作定语

1．不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系、主谓关系、动状关系或同位关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。

I have a lot of work to do.

我有许多工作要做。(动宾关系)

He is the first person to think of the idea.

他是第一个想到这个主意的人。(主谓关系)

I have no time to go there.

我没有时间去那儿。(动状关系)

He has got a chance to go abroad.

他有一个出国的机会。(同位关系)

(1)不定式与其所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，而该不定式为不及物动词时，其后须加上适当的介词。

I am looking for a room_______________我正在找一间屋子住。

 (2)当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动形式，也可用被动形式，但其含义有所不同。

Have you anything to send?

你有什么东西要寄吗？(不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”)

Have you anything_______________?

你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗？(不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)

2．不定式作定语的几种情况：

(1)不定式作定语可以表示将来的动作。

I borrowed some books_________________________.我借了一些我假期要读的书。

 (2)序数词，形容词最高级， the last, the only等词后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，且与中心词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系时，常用不定式作定语。

He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.

他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。

(3)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：plan, ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way等。

And the best way to strengthen willpower is______________________

增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。

(2)单句写作

①突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到写的纸。

Suddenly a good idea occurred to her, but she couldn't find any paper ______________.

②她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。

She was the first woman ____________  the gold medal in the Olympic Games.

二、不定式作状语

1．结果状语

不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。常用于下列结构中：only to do; enough to do (足够做……); too ... to ... (太……而不能……); so/such ... as to ... (如此……以至于……)。

He hurried to the railway station, only to find the train had left.

他匆忙赶到火车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。

He was so tired as to be unable to walk.

＝He was________________________他累得走不动了．

【点津】　现在分词短语作结果状语常常表示“自然而然、意料之中或顺理成章”的结果。

It hasn't rained for a month, making the crops hard to grow.

一个月没下雨了导致庄稼很难生长。

2．目的状语

不定式作目的状语主要表示某一动作或状态的目的。常用于下列结构中：only to (仅仅为了); in order to; so ... as to; so (such) ... as to ... (如此……以便……)

He ran so fast as____________________他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。

I come here only to say good­bye to you.

我来仅仅是向你告别。

【点津】　1.不定式的复合结构作目的状语 ,当不定式或不定式短语有自己的执行者时，要用不定式的复合结构即在不定式或不定式短语之前加 for ＋名词或宾格代词作状语。

He opened the door for the children to come in.

他开门让孩子们进来。

目的状语从句与不定式的转换

英语中的目的状语从句，还可以变为不定式或不定式短语作状语，从而使句子在结构上得以简化。可分为两种情况：

1当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同时，可以直接简化为不定式或不定式短语作状语。

We'll start early in order that/so that we may arrive in time.

→We'll start early ___________________________

当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语不相同时，要用动词不定式的复合结构作状语。

I came early in order that you might read my report before the meeting.

→I came early in order for you___________________________.

第一题：单句语法填空

1.In my family, my mother is always the first one ________ (get) up.

2.Here is some advice for you ________ (follow).

3.He has no pen ________ (write) with.

4.In my dreams I always have very difficult jobs ________ (do)．

5.I'm not sure about his ability ________ (complete) the task alone.

6. The airport ______________(complete) next year  will help promote tourism in this area.  

7.Do you have anything _____(do) tonight?   

8.The best way __________(improve) your English is  to join an English club.  

第二题：用动词不定式完成句子。

①当检票员来查票时你可以藏在我的座位下。

You can hide under my seat when the conductor comes ____________  the tickets.

②加利福尼亚的船到的太晚了以致于没能救更多的人。

The Californian ship arrived too late ____________ more people.

③很抱歉打扰你。

I'm sorry ____________  you.

④她说她没有去那里的打算。

She said she had no plans ______________.

⑤他急忙赶到学校，结果发现没人在那儿。

He hurried to the school, only ____________  nobody there.

【答案】

观察下列句子特点，总结共同点。

I.教材原句

1. Some scientists were determined to help humans realize their dreams to explore space.

2. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.

3. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.

分析上面的句子: 句1和句 2中黑体部分是动词不定式用作_____; 句3中黑体部分是动词不定式用作_____。

【答案】：定语  状语

II.指出下列句子中画线部分所作的句子成分

1．Can you find a proper person to finish this job in time？       

2．Do you have anything to be taken there?         

3．I hurried to his house, only to find him out.       

4．He's old enough to make a trip alone.       

5．Do you have anything to do tonight?        

6．In his third year, he left Harvard to work for a company called

 Microsoft.        

【答案】：1.定语　2.定语　3.状语　4.状语　5.定语　6.状语

一、不定式作定语

1．不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系、主谓关系、动状关系或同位关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。

I have a lot of work to do.

我有许多工作要做。(动宾关系)

He is the first person to think of the idea.

他是第一个想到这个主意的人。(主谓关系)

I have no time to go there.

我没有时间去那儿。(动状关系)

He has got a chance to go abroad.

他有一个出国的机会。(同位关系)

(1)不定式与其所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，而该不定式为不及物动词时，其后须加上适当的介词。

I am looking for a room_______________我正在找一间屋子住。

【答案】：to live in.

(2)当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动形式，也可用被动形式，但其含义有所不同。

Have you anything to send?

你有什么东西要寄吗？(不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”)

Have you anything_______________?

【答案】：to be sent

你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗？(不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)

2．不定式作定语的几种情况：

(1)不定式作定语可以表示将来的动作。

I borrowed some books_________________________.我借了一些我假期要读的书。

【答案】：to read during my holiday.

(2)序数词，形容词最高级， the last, the only等词后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，且与中心词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系时，常用不定式作定语。

He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.

他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。

(3)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：plan, ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way等。

And the best way to strengthen willpower is______________________

增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。

【答案】：to make it into a habit.

 (2)单句写作

①突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到写的纸。

Suddenly a good idea occurred to her, but she couldn't find any paper ______________.

②她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。

She was the first woman ____________  the gold medal in the Olympic Games.

【答案】：①to write on　②to win

二、不定式作状语

1．结果状语

不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。常用于下列结构中：only to do; enough to do (足够做……); too ... to ... (太……而不能……); so/such ... as to ... (如此……以至于……)。

He hurried to the railway station, only to find the train had left.

他匆忙赶到火车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。

He was so tired as to be unable to walk.

＝He was________________________他累得走不动了．

【答案】：too tired to walk.

【点津】　现在分词短语作结果状语常常表示“自然而然、意料之中或顺理成章”的结果。

It hasn't rained for a month, making the crops hard to grow.

一个月没下雨了导致庄稼很难生长。

2．目的状语

不定式作目的状语主要表示某一动作或状态的目的。常用于下列结构中：only to (仅仅为了); in order to; so ... as to; so (such) ... as to ... (如此……以便……)

He ran so fast as____________________他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。

【答案】：to catch the first bus.

I come here only to say good­bye to you.

我来仅仅是向你告别。

【点津】　1.不定式的复合结构作目的状语 ,当不定式或不定式短语有自己的执行者时，要用不定式的复合结构即在不定式或不定式短语之前加 for ＋名词或宾格代词作状语。

He opened the door for the children to come in.

他开门让孩子们进来。

目的状语从句与不定式的转换

英语中的目的状语从句，还可以变为不定式或不定式短语作状语，从而使句子在结构上得以简化。可分为两种情况：

1当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同时，可以直接简化为不定式或不定式短语作状语。

We'll start early in order that/so that we may arrive in time.

→We'll start early ___________________________

【答案】：in order to/so as to arrive in time.

当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语不相同时，要用动词不定式的复合结构作状语。

I came early in order that you might read my report before the meeting.

→I came early in order for you___________________________.

【答案】：to read my report before the meeting.

第一题：单句语法填空

1.In my family, my mother is always the first one ________ (get) up.

2.Here is some advice for you ________ (follow).

3.He has no pen ________ (write) with.

4.In my dreams I always have very difficult jobs ________ (do)．

5.I'm not sure about his ability ________ (complete) the task alone.

6. The airport ______________(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.  

7.Do you have anything _____(do) tonight?   

8.The best way __________(improve) your English is to join an English club.  

【答案】：

1.to get　

2.to follow

3.to write　

4.to do　

5.to complete

6.to be completed

7.to do

8.to improve

第二题：用动词不定式完成句子。

①当检票员来查票时你可以藏在我的座位下。

You can hide under my seat when the conductor comes ____________  the tickets.

②加利福尼亚的船到的太晚了以致于没能救更多的人。

The Californian ship arrived too late ____________ more people.

③很抱歉打扰你。

I'm sorry ____________  you.

④她说她没有去那里的打算。

She said she had no plans ______________.

⑤他急忙赶到学校，结果发现没人在那儿。

He hurried to the school, only ____________  nobody there.

答案：①to check　②to save　③to trouble　④to go there　⑤to find