英语必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters课后作业题

同步练习

Part II  Reading and Thinking

 基础知识练 

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1. I was s　　　　　　（震惊的）to hear the news that a great fire broke out in the factory.

2. Surgeons placed a m　　　　　　（金属） band around his knee cap to help support the leg.

3. With its 10-meter-long pipe，people who are t　　　　　　（困住）in the ruins，will be able to get supplies including oxygen and water.

4. I was looking for my handbag，which was b　　　　　　（埋在） under a pile of old newspapers.

5. My brother told me he could guess the meaning of the word from the c　　　　　　（上下文）.

6. The man took a deep breath and sat up slowly with great e　　　　　　（努力）.

7. The air we b　　　　　　（呼吸）in is getting dirtier and dirtier.

8. If a neighbor s　　　　　　（遭受）an illness，offer to do the grocery shopping.

9. Babbitt’s team conducted the research to find out e　　　　　　（电） consumption of the devices.

10. Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned b　　　　　　（砖块） of different ages.

Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示完成句子

1. The long cruel winter 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　（结束） at last and a gentle warm spring was coming.

2. They 　　　　 　　　　（遭受） health problems and fear the long term effects of radiation（辐射）. 

3. On the vast fields，one sees 　　　　 　　　　（只有） the wheat billowing in the wind.

4. After the heavy flood two months ago，the whole village was left 　　　　 　　　　（成为废墟）.

5. The treasure which was 　　　　 　　　　（挖出） of the earth was a box of gold coins.

6. Soon a strong wind passed through and 　　　　 　　　　（吹走） the clouds in the sky.

7. If you don’t know how to pronounce the word，you’d better  　　　　 　　　　 　　　　（查阅它） in the dictionary.

8.  　　　　 　　　　 　　　　（……的数目） companies which offer college graduates jobs has increased.

9. 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　（成千上万的）people attended the opening ceremony in the workers’ stadium.

10. He was still 　　　　 　　　　（震惊） from what had happened earlier in the afternoon.

Ⅲ. 单句语法填空

1. By the time we got to the top of the mountain，my friend and I were quite out of 　　　　　　（breathe）.

2. Firemen have to break the door down to reach the people 　　　　　　（trap） inside.

3. In his life he set an example of bravery and 　　　　　　 （wise） to others.

4. When I finally got to the cinema，the movie had already come to 　　　　　　 end.

5. Nearly one 　　　　　　（three）of the nation felt the earth-quake at that time.

6. The audience applauded when the chairman got up on his 　　　　　　（foot） to speak.

7. I still remember visiting a friend who’d lived here for five years and I 　　　　　　（shock） when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.

8. The 65-year-old Steve Goodwin was found 　　　　　　（suffer） from early Alzheimer’s（阿尔茨海默病）. He was losing his memory.

能力提升练

Ⅳ. 一句多译

1. 学生跟着老师进了实验室。

①Students came into the lab，　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.（非谓语动词作伴随状语）

②Students 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 came into the lab.（定语从句）

2. 我刚到家就发现我把夹克落在操场上了。

①The moment I got home，I found I 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　

　　　　. （leave +宾语+宾补）

②The moment I got home，I found 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 on the playground. （find +宾语+宾补）

Ⅴ. 单句写作

1. 那个男孩有点儿害怕，因此他让灯整个晚上都亮着。（have... doing）

2. 天气这么暖和，看起来好像已经是春天了一样。（as if/as though）

3. 他们无论到什么地方都会受到热烈的欢迎。（everywhere引导的状语从句）

4. 他毕业后不久，就到了一个学校教英语。（soon after）

5. 我喜欢早晨锻炼，因为空气呼吸起来很新鲜。（sth. is +adj.+ to do）

VI.课文语法填空

　A terrible earthquake hit the city of Tangshan on July 28，1976，in which many people died and many

1. 　　　　（injure）. People were greatly shocked 2. 　　　　 nearly all the buildings fell down and the whole city lay in 3. 　　　　（ruin）. All the electricity was cut off and people began to wonder 4. 　　　　 long the disaster would last. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end.

　　The people of Tangshan didn’t lose hope because 150，000 5. 　　　　（soldier） were sent to help the rescue workers. The soldiers tried their best 6. 　　　　（dig） out those who were trapped. They also built shelters for the 7. 　　　　（survive）.  Fresh water was taken to the city by every means. Slowly，the city began to come back 8. 　　　　 life.

　 　It was said that before the earthquake，strange things happened in the countryside. The water in the village wells 9. 　　　　（rise） and fell. Fish jumped out of the ponds. Strange noises were heard in the sky，but people thought little of 10. 　　　　（they）.

VII.阅读理解

　  The scientific study of earthquakes is comparatively new. Until the 18th century，few factual descriptions of earthquakes were recorded，and the natural causes of earthquakes were not well understood.

　　The earliest earthquake for which we have descriptive information occurred in China in 1177 BC. The Chinese earthquake catalog（目录） describes several dozen large earthquakes in China during the next few thousand years. Earthquakes in Europe were mentioned as early as 580 BC，but the earliest for which we have some descriptive information occurred in the mid-16th century. The earliest known earthquakes in Americas were in Mexico in the late 14th century and in Peru in 1471，but descriptions of the effects were not well recorded. By the 17th century，descriptions of the effects of earthquakes were being published around the world.

　　The most widely felt earthquakes in the recorded history of North America were a series that occurred in 1811~1812 near New Madrid，Missouri. A great earthquake，whose magnitude was reported to have been about 8.0，occurred on the morning of December 16，1811. Another great earthquake occurred on January 23，1812，and a third，the strongest yet，on February 7，1812. Aftershocks （余震） were nearly continuous between these great earthquakes and continued for months afterwards. These earthquakes were felt by people as far away as Boston and Denver. Because the population in these regions was small，the destruction of human life and property was slight.

　　The San Francisco earthquake of 1906 was one of the most destructive in the recorded history of North America—the earthquake and the fire that followed killed nearly 700 people and left the city in ruins.

1. When did published descriptions of the effects of earthquakes become popular in the world?

A. In the 1300s. B. In the 1400s.  C. In the 1500s. D. In the 1600s.

2. What do we know about the earthquakes in 1811~1812 in North America?

A. They killed a large number of people.   B. They occurred in San Francisco.

C. They could be felt very far away.  D. They almost destroyed entire cities.

3. What can we infer from the passage?

A. Few earthquakes were scientifically studied before the 18th century.

B. Earthquakes can be avoided with the development of technology.

C. Most of the early earthquakes caused little damage.

D. People haven’t found the causes of earthquakes so far.

4. What’s the best title for this passage?

A. The scientific study of earthquakes

B. Earthquakes in history

C. The effects of earthquakes on humans

D. Why earthquakes occur

VIII.七选五

Meteorologists（气象学家） love hurricanes because they are wonders of nature. But if you’re on a ship at the sea or in a house on the beach，a hurricane is not so pretty. 　1　 At the shore they can punch out（砸碎）windows，knock down trees，or blow away the roofs from houses.

　　　2　 Hurricanes can push the ocean water toward the shore，building it up into a huge，rushing tide called a storm surge. Water level at the shore can rise 20 feet in just a few hours. The most deadly hurr-icane in the history of the United States happened in 1900，when Galveston，Texas was struck. 　3　 These days，with more and more people living in coastal cities，experts predict that if a hurricane hit without warning，the death toll could be even higher.

　　　4　 Meteorologists can now track the path a hurricane takes and predict where it is likely to hit days in advance. When Hurricane Isabel swept toward the North Carolina coast in 2003，the National Hurricane Center was able to make forecasts five days ahead，and scientists were off by only one hour in their prediction of when Isabel’s eye would make landfall. The information collected by the hurricane hunters improves the accuracy of such forecasts by 30 percent. 　5　

A. The hurricane happened without warning.

B. So thousands of lives have been saved.

C. It is hard to predict the time and the path of a hurricane.

D. In the big storm surge more than 6，000 people were killed.

E. But scientists have learned a lot about hurricanes since 1900.

F. The screaming winds and enormous waves can overturn a ship.

G. The most dangerous part of a hurricane’s destruction is flooding.

Part II  Reading and Thinking

参考答案

Ⅰ. 1. shocked　 2. metal　 3. trapped　4. buried　  5. context　  6. effort　7. breathe　8. suffers　

9. electricity　 10. bricks　

Ⅱ. 1. came to an end　  2. suffer from　   3. nothing but  4. in ruins　5. dug out　6. blew away　7. look it up   8. The number of　9. Tens of thousands of　10. in shock

Ⅲ. 1. breath　句意：等我和朋友爬到山顶的时候，我们已经是上气不接下气了。out of breath意为“气喘吁吁”。

2. trapped　句意：消防人员必须破门而入，才能救出困在里面的人。trap和people有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用动词-ed形式作定语。

3. wisdom　句意：他的一生为人们树立了勇敢和智慧的榜样。所填的词和bravery并列作of的宾语，所以用名词形式。

4. an　句意：我最终到达电影院时，电影已经结束了。come to an end意为“结束”，是固定搭配。

5. third　句意：那时全国接近三分之一的人感觉到了地震。分数的表示方法：分子基数词，分母序数词；分子大于一，分母加-s。

6. feet　句意：主持人站起来讲话时，听众鼓掌欢迎。get up on one’s feet意为“站起来”。

7. was shocked　shock和主语I有逻辑上的动宾关系，此处表示过去发生的事，所以填was shocked。

8. suffering　句意：65岁的史蒂夫•古德温被发现患有早期阿尔茨海默病。他正在丧失记忆。find sb. doing sth.意为“发现某人正在做某事”，现在分词短语作宾补，表示主动和进行。

Ⅳ. 1. ①following the teacher　students与follow为主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。

② who followed the teacher　该句中who引导定语从句，修饰先行词students。

2. ① had left my jacket on the playground　此处为“leave +宾语+介词短语作宾补”。

② my jacket left　my jacket 和leave 为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。

Ⅴ. 1. The boy was kind of afraid，so he had the light burning all night long.　

2. It is so warm that it seems as if/as though it were spring already.　

3. Everywhere they went，they received warm welcome.　

4. Soon after he graduated，he went to teach English in a school.　

5. I like to work out in the morning，because the air is so fresh to breathe. 　

VI.【语篇解读】文章主要介绍了唐山大地震震前、震中、地震造成的损失、震后救援以及重建工作等情况。

1. were injured　many后省略了people，injure与之有逻辑上的动宾关系，讲述的是过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。

2. because　根据语意可知，上下文是因果关系，所以填because。

3. ruins　in ruins意为“严重破坏”，是固定搭配。

4. how　根据句意可知，此处表示“多长时间”，所以填how，构成how long短语。

5. soldiers　soldier是可数名词，根据前面的数字可知，该词要用复数形式。

6. to dig　try one’s best to do sth.意为“尽最大努力做某事”。

7. survivors　根据前面的the可知，所填的词是名词。survivor是可数名词，所以用复数形式。

8. to　come back to life意为“恢复生机”。

9. rose　所填的词和fell并列，所以用过去式。

10. them　所填的词作介词的宾语，所以用代词的宾格。

VII.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，简要介绍了历史上有记载的几次大地震。

1. D　根据第二段最后一句“By the 17th century，descriptions of the effects of earthquakes were being published around the world.”可知，答案为D。

2. C　根据第三段中的“These earthquakes were felt by people as far away as Boston and Denver.”可知，答案为C。

3. A　根据第一段中的“Until the 18th century，few factual descriptions of earthquakes were recorded，and the natural causes of earthquakes were not well understood.”可知，答案为A。

4. B　通读全文可知，本文简要介绍了历史上有记载的几次大地震，故答案为B。

VIII.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。飓风是大自然的奇迹，但是飓风会给人们带来灾难。随着科学技术的发展，气象学家可以准确地预测飓风。

1. F　上文提到on a ship at the sea or in a house on the beach，下文介绍的是对房子的危害。由此可知，所填的句子应该介绍对船的危害，所以选F项。

2. G　根据下文提到的ocean water和所举的例子可知，本段讲述的是飓风引起的洪水灾害，所以选G项。

3. D　上文举的例子是1900年发生在美国的飓风，根据上文提到的The most deadly可知，应该是有很多人死亡，D项符合语境。

4. E　本段中提到科学家们提前五天就对飓风作出了预测。由此可知，E项可作为本段的主题句。

5. B　前面提到科学家对此类飓风的预测准确率提高了30%，B项“因此挽救了成千上万人的生命”是其结果。