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高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 4 Sharing教案
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 4 Sharing教案，共19页。教案主要包含了词汇积淀·素养初探，阅读精研·素养构建，要点精研·素养奠基，语块积累，即学活用，熟词生义，句式解构，名师点津等内容，欢迎下载使用。
【词汇积淀·素养初探】
Ⅰ. 用本单元的单词及汉语提示完成词块
1. a parcel(包裹) frm hme
2. sme sweets and jam(果酱)
3. nice t get mail(信件)
4. my secndary(中学的) schl
5. clay(陶土) flrs
6. a dusty(布满灰尘的) track
7. a chrus(合唱队)
8. wear cttn unifrms(制服)
9. the test tube(管子)
10. a wrinkled(起皱纹的) frehead
11. a platfrm(平台) fr Jenny
12. ripe(成熟的) crn
13. dragged(拖) urselves dwn the muntain
Ⅱ. 根据语境完成句子
1. The classrms are made f(由……制成) bamb.
2. Many f them als have t walk a lng way, smetimes fr up t(达到) tw hurs.
3. There’s n electricity, running water r even textbks, nt t mentin(更不用说) laptps, tablets, r ther mdern devices.
4. I’m still trying t adapt t(适应) these cnditins.
5. I dubt whether I’m making any difference(有任何影响) t these by’s lives at all.
6. Everyne seemed t be related t(与……有关) Tmbe.
7. I nticed a can standing upside dwn(上下颠倒) n the grill ver the fire.
【阅读精研·素养构建】
Ⅰ. 文本整体理解: 理清文章架构
1. Skim the passage and fill in the blanks
Vlunteering in the bush
2. Read the text quickly and find ut the main idea f the passage.
The text is written by J, a yung (1)Australian wh teaches in a(n) (2)bush schl in a pr muntainus village. It is abut her experience as a (3)vlunteer and her first (4)visit t a village which is the hme f Tmbe.
Ⅱ. 文本细节理解: 探寻语篇细节信息
Chse the best answer t the passage
1. In a chemistry experiment the bys jumped ut f the windws because they .
A. were frightened by the bubbling mixture
B. culdn’t stand the terrible smell f the mixture
C. didn’t like ding chemistry experiment
D. knew chemistry was nt relevant t them
2. Why des J wnder hw relevant chemistry is t the kids?
A. Because she thinks chemistry is t difficult t learn.
B. Because she thinks chemistry may make little difference t the kids’ life.
C. Because the kids there hardly cme acrss anything f chemistry.
D. Because she thinks chemistry useless.
3. In what language d yu think J gave her lessns?
A. Pidgin English
B. French
C. English
D. The lcal language f Papua New Guinea
4. Why did Tmbe thrw ut f the tin can?
A. Because he hated the leftver fd.
B. Because he believed any leftver attracted evil spirits.
C. Because he believed the can had n use at all.
D. Because this is a way fr peple in Papua New Guinea t stre leftvers.
5. Hw did J feel after the visit t Tmbe’s family?
A. Happy B. Sad C. Wrried D. Upset
答案: 1～5. ACCBA
Ⅲ. 文本素养提升: 阅读技能综合运用
1. 根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句
(1)There is n equipment and since there isn’t even a
分句一 原因状语从句
washrm, if I need water I have t carry it frm my
条件状语从句 分句二
huse in a basin.
译文: 这里没有任何设备, 甚至没有洗手间, 如果我需要水的话我不得不用盆子从我的房子取水。
(2)The class became a circus as the bys, wh had never
主句
cme acrss anything like this befre, started jumping ut f
wh引导定语从句 as引导原因状语从句
the windws.
译文: 整个班级成了一个马戏团, 之前从没见过这种状况的男孩子们开始从窗户跳出去。
2. 根据课文内容填空
J wrte the blg entries t tell us her (1)teaching(teach) life in a bush schl as a vlunteer. She described the schl whse classrms (2)were made(make) f bamb and rfs f grass. They had never cme acrss chemistry experiments (3)befre J came here. J gave a detailed (4)descriptin(describe) f her first visit t a village. After tw and a half (5)hurs(hur) f walking, she arrived at Tmbe’s hme (6)where she culd see a lw bamb hut with grass (7)sticking(stick) ut f the rf, which had n windws. Inside the huse, she fund a newly made platfrm fr Jenny and her t sleep (8)n. Outside the huse, she saw Mukap laid stnes n the fire, placed them in (9)an empty il drum with kau kau, crn and greens and then (10)cvered(cver) the vegetables with banana leaves and left them t steam. She felt happy after the visit t Tmbe’s family.
3. 阅读主题活动
(1)What d yu think abut the life f Tmbe?
His life is rather hard, riginal and simple, but he and his family are very friendly.
(2)When yu graduate frm the cllege, d yu want t be a vlunteer? And why?
I want t be a vlunteer t help thers when I graduate frm the cllege, at that time, I have equipped with enugh knwledge, and I am capable f helping thers.
【要点精研·素养奠基】
1. unifrm n. 校服; 制服 adj. 一致的; 统一的
*Unlike students in ur cuntry, these bys d nt wear cttn unifrms.
不像我们国家的学生那样, 这里的孩子们不穿棉质校服。
*(2019·浙江高考)Schl unifrms are traditinal in Britain, but sme schls are starting t get rid f them.
在英国穿校服是个传统, 但是有些学校正开始摆脱它们。
*Fr twenty minutes r s, ur train seems t travel at a unifrm speed.
大约二十分钟的时间里, 我们的火车似乎在匀速行驶。
【语块积累】
in unifrm穿制服
schl unifrm校服
unifrm speed匀速; 等速
unifrm custms统一惯例
【即学活用】
(1)It is suggested that driving at a unifrm speed can save much energy.
据建议, 匀速驾驶可以节省很多能量。
(2)Befre the ceremny, all the students will gather tgether in schl unifrm.
典礼前, 所有的学生将会穿校服聚集在一起,
(3)Sme bys are playing in the rad and amng them a by is in unifrm.
几个男孩在街上玩耍, 其中有个穿着制服。
2. nt t mentin 更不用说; 且不说
*There is n electricity, running water r even textbks, nt t mentin laptps, tablets, r ther mdern devices.
那儿没有电, 没有自来水, 甚至没有课本, 更别提笔记本电脑、平板电脑或者别的现代化设备。
*The envirnment is clean and elegant, nt t mentin its high-quality dishes as well as its tp service. 这里环境很干净很优雅, 更不用说它高质量的饭菜和顶级的服务了。
*Jack’s s lazy that he hates ging fr walks, let alne/much less jgging.
杰克很懒惰, 所以他讨厌散步, 更别说是慢跑了。
【语块积累】
(1)nt t mentin. . . =nt t speak f. . .
=t say nthing f. . .
更不用说……
(2)let alne. . . =much less. . .
更不用说……
【即学活用】一句多译
我喜欢苹果派, 更不用说苹果了。
(1)I lve apple pies, nt t mentin apples.
(2)I lve apple pies, nt t speak f apples.
(3)I lve apple pies, t say nthing f apples.
(4)I lve apple pies, let alne apples.
3. shade vt. 给……遮挡(光线); 加灯罩; 把……涂暗
n. 阴凉处; 灯罩; 阴影部分
* (2020· 天津高考) Befre Vinnie culd say yes, the President hurried n, a shade f aplgy in his vice. 在维尼说“是的”之前, 总统匆忙接着说下去, 语气里有些许的歉意。
*She raised her hand t shade her eyes frm the sun.
她抬起手遮在眼睛上方以挡住阳光。
*There stand sme students in unifrm in the shades.
阴凉处站着一些穿着校服的学生。
【语块积累】
(1)a shade f少许, 微微
shade sb. /sth. frm sth. 为……遮挡; 遮住
in the shade在阴凉处
(2)shadedadj.林荫遮蔽的
【即学活用】(1)语法填空
①The great tree shades passers-by frm the heat f the sun.
②We wuld have a walk in the shaded(shade) street while we lived in the dwntwn.
(2)I can feel a shade f regret in his vice as t the result f the electin.
对于选举的结果, 我可以从他的语气中感觉到些许的悔意。
4. ripe adj. 成熟的; 时机成熟的
*He then placed the ht stnes in an empty il drum with kau kau(sweet ptat), ripe crn, and greens.
随后, 他把热的石头放在一个装着kau kau(甜马铃薯), 熟玉米和绿菜叶的空油桶里。
*(2020·江苏高考) Yu can be the ne wh directs the cnversatin t fun tpics that are ripe fr thers t add humr.
你可以把谈话引向有趣的话题, 而这些话题已经成熟, 可以为其他人增添幽默感。
*T help these fruits ripen faster, keep them n the cunter fr 2 t 5 days.
为了使这些水果成熟得更快, 要把他们放在柜台上2至5天。
【语块积累】
(1)(be) ripe fr 时机成熟, 准备就绪
ripe time 成熟的时机
(2)ripenv. (使)成熟
【即学活用】
(1)We are waiting fr the first crps t ripen.
我们正等待着第一批农作物的成熟。
(2)The time is ripe fr heritage buildings t be pened up.
向公众开放遗产建筑的时机已经成熟。
(3)It is the ripe time fr China t make a breakthrugh in high-tech field.
中国在高科技领域取得突破的时机已经成熟。
5. drag vt. 拖; 拽 vt. &vi. 缓慢而费力地前行
*My muscles were aching and my knees shaking as we dragged urselves dwn the muntain twards hme.
当我们拖拽着疲惫的身躯下山回家的时候, 我浑身肌肉疼痛, 膝盖在颤抖。
*The climbers dragged alng the dried river bed t find a shade.
攀爬者沿着干旱的河床慢慢前行寻找阴凉处。
*Dn’t drag behind thers, yu’ll make us all late.
不要掉队, 你会让大家都迟到的。
【语块积累】
drag alng 拖着脚走, 慢慢地行走
drag away 将……拉走; 将……硬拖走
drag behind落在后面
【熟词生义】
Sme ld thughts may act as a drag n the develpment f the sciety.
一些旧思想可能会阻碍了社会的发展。 (阻碍)
【即学活用】用适当的介词或副词填空
(1)The plice was rdered t drag away the prtestants arund the Cngress.
(2)In rder nt t drag behind his classmates, he is determined t wrk hard.
(3)After ne day’s hard wrk in the field, they culd nly have strength t drag alng.
6. privilege n. 优惠待遇; 特权
*J felt it was such a privilege t have spent a day with Tmbe’s family.
J感觉与Tmbe一家人度过一天的时间很荣幸。
*(2019·北京高考)It’s such a privilege t be a part f these kids’ lives.
能够成为这些孩子生活中的一部分那也是一种特权。
*Our members have the privilege f using the lending service f the library. 我们的会员享受这家图书馆借书服务的特权。
*Here I feel greatly privileged t intrduce t yu my favrite ne—the Dragn Bat Festival.
在这里, 我很荣幸地向你介绍我最喜欢的节日——端午节。
【语块积累】
(1)have the privilege f ding/t d sth. 有……的特权或荣幸
it’s a/ne’s privilege t d sth. 做……是特权或荣幸
(2)privilegevt. 给予……特权, 有特权
feel privileged t d sth. 荣幸地做某事
【即学活用】(1)语法填空
①I’ll feel privileged(privilege) t be yur guide during the visit.
②It’ll be ur great privilege t benefit(benefit) frm yur expertise in health care.
(2)It’s my great privilege t be here, sharing this mment with ur fellw friends frm Germany.
我很荣幸在这里与来自德国的朋友们分享这一时刻。
7. The ther day I was shwing the bys a chemistry experiment when, befre I knew it, the mixture was bubbling ut f the test tube spilling everywhere.
前几天我正给孩子们展示一个化学实验, 我还不知道什么情况, 这种混合物从试管里冒出泡泡, 溅得到处都是。
【句式解构】
本句是be ding. . . when. . . 句型。when在句中作并列连词, 意为“这时(突然)”, 相当于and then, and at that time。
*He was ding his hmewrk when the fire alarm began ringing.
他正在写作业, 这时火警响了。
*I was lying awake n my bed when suddenly Sarah came inside and started screaming.
我正躺在床上还没睡着, 这时萨拉突然跑进来, 开始大喊大叫。
【名师点津】突然发生的“when”
when作并列连词, 意为“这时(突然)”的句型还有:
(1)be abut t d/be n the pint f ding. . . when. . .
正要做什么的时候(突然)……
I was abut t leave the rm when he came in.
我正要离开房间时(突然)他进来了。
(2)had dne when 刚做完什么的时候(突然)……
I had just walked ut f the kitchen when smene kncked at the dr.
我刚从厨房出来, (突然)有人敲门。
【即学活用】
(1)We were talking when he suddenly tk his jacket and ran away.
我们正聊着呢, 突然他就拿着夹克跑开了。
(2)He was abut t give up the questin when suddenly he fund the answer.
当他正准备放弃这个问题时, 突然找到了答案。
(3)He had nt gne far when he bumped int a large cw and fell dwn.
他还没有走多远就撞上了一头奶牛并摔倒了。
8. Later, I nticed a can standing upside dwn n the grill ver the fire.
后来, 我注意到一个罐子倒置在火上方的烤架上。
【句式解构】
本句是一个简单句。句中含有一个感官动词的复合结构, standing upside dwn n the grill ver the fire为现在分词短语作宾语补足语; 常用于本结构的感官动词有ntice, see, hear, feel, find等。
*We were s happy that we didn’t ntice the water rising.
我们如此高兴以至于没注意到水位在上升。
*I lked ver my shulder and saw the lady hlding the quilt tightly.
我越过肩头看到那个女士正紧紧地抱着棉被。
*Suddenly, I fund myself facing a difficult situatin.
突然, 我发现我自己正面临着一个困难的处境。
【即学活用】
(1)Frm inside the stre, I culd see the peple utside rushing by.
从商店里面, 我可以看到外面的人们正匆匆走过。
(2)I nticed him sitting there alne in the rm at that time.
那时我注意到他正独自坐在房间里。
(3)The driver fund himself trapped in a big mrass.
司机发现自己被困在一个巨大的泥潭里。
【一语闻天下】
1. By 2025, the agency plans n launching the wrld’s first rbiting junk cllectr t drag the space rubbish ut f rbit.
该机构计划到2025年发射世界上第一个轨道垃圾收集器, 用来把太空垃圾拖离轨道。
2. Since January 21, 2020, the NHC has prvided daily updates n natinwide cases n its fficial website and scial media platfrm, and prvincial health departments have dne the same n lcal cases.
自2020年1月21日起, 国家卫生健康委每日在官方网站、社交媒体平台发布前一天全国疫情信息, 各省级卫生健康部门也每日统一发布前一天本省份疫情信息。
3. Unlike mass-prduced prducts, mst alpaca dlls in Peru are handmade gds manufactured by lcal artisans in their family wrkshps, withut unifrm design requirement, said Bedregal, adding that it was hard t find partners as making 1, 000 identical alpaca dlls meant enrmus wrk fr lcal artisans.
贝德雷格尔说, 与批量生产的产品不同, 秘鲁大多数羊驼玩偶都是由当地工匠在家庭作坊手工制作的, 没有统一的设计要求。他还说, 很难找到合作伙伴, 因为制作1 000个一模一样的羊驼玩偶意味着当地工匠的工作量很大。
4. “We cntinue wrking t pen the dr t new destinatins, demnstrating that ur fd meets the highest quality standards, privileging functinality and safety, with qualities that are increasingly essential fr Asian cnsumers, ” he added.
他补充说: “我们将继续努力, 为新目的地打开大门, 证明我们的食品符合最高质量标准, 强调功能性和安全性, 这些品质对亚洲消费者来说越来越重要。”
【课时检测·素养达标】
Ⅰ. 语段填词
1. The ther day I received a parcel(包裹) and a mail (信件)frm my nephew, wh lives in the remte muntain area and studies in a secndary(中学) schl. He especially presented me a picture, in which he wears a brandly new unifrm(校服).
2. In the hut(小房子) nce lived an ld farmer, wh had a sharp jaw(下巴), and many wrinkles(皱纹) n his face. In his huse, there is a deserted fireplace(壁炉). A kettle (水壶)and a pan(平底锅) lay n the table cvered with dust(灰尘).
3. We helped the farmers clean up weeds(杂草), pick ripe (熟的)apples. Althugh it was rather ht, the big apple trees culd prvide shade(阴凉) fr us. After a whle day’s hard wrk, we felt very happy and dragged (费力前行)urselves alng the path t schl.
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1. Many pavilins have been built t shade the walkers frm the sunlight.
2. He was cycling(cycle) in the cuntryside when it started t rain heavily.
3. We feel at ease in ur schl unifrms every day.
4. I feel greatly privileged(privilege) t take part in an activity called “ Save the Earth”.
5. I think it is ripe f me t try the new and challenging wrk.
6. We can watch the dragn dance and attend the temple fair, nt t mentin (mentin)the delicius snacks we may taste in streets.
7. I saw many dancers dancing(dance)n the square happily.
8. Thse black men wh were prtesting n the street were dragged(drag) away by the plice.
Ⅲ. 结合课文主题, 使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇50词左右的短文
1. 我曾经在一个偏远的中学支教。那儿的学生生活很穷苦, 没有校服, 更别提现代化的教学设备。
2. 尽管条件很糟糕, 但我仍然致力于教授他们更多的知识。课后, 我会帮助当地人清理杂草, 收获成熟的庄稼。
3. 我离开后, 有一天当我正在办公室上班时我收到一封信。信里我教过的那些学生表达了对我的感谢。
I nce vlunteered t teach in a remte secndary schl. The students there lived a pr life and didn’t wear unifrms, nt t mentin mdern teaching equipment. Despite the terrible cnditins, I was devted t teaching them mre knwledge. After class, I wuld help the lcals clean up the weeds, and harvested the ripe crps. One day after I left the schl fr tw years, I was wrking in my ffice when I received a mail, in which the students I nce taught there thanked me.
十 Unit 4 Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. Tu Yuyu, a great chemist(药剂师) and scientist, devted mst f her time t finding the cure fr malaria.
2. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I wanted t be a fireman, whse unifrm (制服) lked s cl.
3. It wuld be great t set up a platfrm(平台) where students frm bth cuntries can make friends and exchange thughts and ideas.
4. We intend t wrap them in a big parcel(包裹) and pst it t yur schl.
5. I wiped the dust(尘土) ff all the furniture, and then I swept and mpped the flrs.
6. Last week, ur schl held a chrus(合唱团) cmpetitin, the “12. 9 Chrus”.
7. He just patted her back lvingly, kissed her frehead(眉头), and rushed fr his ffice.
8. If they always fllw thers’ chices, they are bund t live a bring and rigid(死板的) life.
9. They want t make rm fr husing(住房) r ffices during urban cnstructin.
10. It is suggested that all primary and secndary(中级的) schls shuld ffer elective curses related t artificial intelligence.
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1. He said that he was driving alng the rad when he lst cntrl f his car.
2. I really like having a walk alng shaded(shade) rad with my friends after schl.
3. I feel greatly privileged(privilege) t have the chance t present my inventin.
4. The unexpected illness dragged him behind ther students in class.
5. It’s ripe fr him t try ut fr an internatinal team after s many years f hard training.
6. He was nticed wandering(wander) alng the street at that time.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. Yu’ll save the miles t the theater and restaurant —nt t mentin the mney .
您可以省掉去剧院和餐馆的路——更不用提钱了。
2. A chrus f prtest brke ut when the plitician was speaking.
当这个政客发表演讲的时候爆发出一片抗议声。
3. I was reviewing my ntes when the light turned ff.
我正在复习笔记时突然灯灭了。
4. I nticed smene fllwing me in the dark.
我注意到有人正在黑暗里跟踪我。
5. It’s my privilege t shw yu arund ur campus.
我很荣幸带你们参观我们的校园。
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
(2021·青岛高二检测)
Tw British teachers have brken the wrld recrd fr the lngest jurney in a tuk-tuk after pulling their failing vehicle fr 43 miles. Richard Sears and Nick Gugh traveled 37, 500 kilmeters arund the wrld and passed thrugh 37 cuntries. They did this t supprt grassrts educatin prject in Africa, Asia and Suth America.
The pair, wh set ff frm Lndn, thught their expeditin was ver when the vehicle started t fail. When the tuk-tuk brke, they were nly 70 kilmeters frm their destinatin. They decided t pull it the rest f the way. The tuk-tuk, which weighs 800 kilgrams, was pulled in turns by Richard and Nick ver three days. On arrival in Chepen, Peru, they discvered a mechanic wh specialized in tuk-tuks and managed t fix it.
The pair were back n the rad and aiming fr their next gal. Alng their jurney they had t tackle deserts and jungles. They als survived clse encunters with elephants in Uganda and Btswana and an accident in Malaysia. The greatest hardship n the tuk-tuk was the muntain ranges lying in their path, including the Alps, the Himalayas and the Andes.
Nick and Richard uncvered sme inspiratinal prjects acrss Africa, Asia and Suth America. They witnessed firsthand the educatinal challenges facing these areas tday. They jined street children in the slums f Cair, Khartum, Kampala, Mumbai and Phnm Penh. They visited Cnglese refugees (难民) in camps in Eastern Burundi. They witnessed hw educatin culd free sex-wrkers in Delhi and victims f human trafficking in Nepal.
The pair established the Tuk-Tuk Educatinal Trust, a U. K. registered charity.
Talking abut their mtivatin, Richard said: “The wrld’s leaders have made a cmmitment t achieving universal primary educatin but in spite f this pledge (誓言, 承诺), ver 57 millin primary-aged children wrldwide are still ut f schl; many mre are in schl, thugh still cannt access quality learning pprtunities. ”
【文章大意】文章主要讲述了两位英国老师为了支持非洲、亚洲和南美洲的基层教育项目, 历经千辛万苦环游世界的故事。
1. Why did the tw teachers travel the wrld?
A. T supprt an educatin prject.
B. T create a new wrld recrd.
C. T entertain themselves.
D. T challenge themselves.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段中“They did this t supprt grassrts educatin prject in Africa, Asia and Suth America. ”可知, 他们环游世界是为了支持非洲、亚洲和南美洲的基层教育项目。故选A。
2. Hw far did the tw teachers pull the tuk-tuk each day n average?
A. A little mre than 23 kilmeters.
B. Abut 14 miles.
C. 43 miles.
D. 70 kilmeters.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段. . . after pulling their failing vehicle fr
43 miles 和第二段后半部分The tuk-tuk, which weighs 800 kilgrams, was pulled in turns by Richard and Nick ver three days. 拖了43英里, 用了3天, 所以每天平均14英里。故选B。
3. What is the third paragraph mainly abut?
A. Hw they realized their next gal.
B. Their exciting experience n the rad.
C. The beautiful scenery f famus muntains.
D. The difficulties and dangers they faced in the jurney.
【解析】选D。段落大意题。根据第三段中的关键词“tackle deserts and jungles; survived clse encunters with elephants in Uganda and Btswana and an accident in Malaysia; the muntain ranges lying in their path. ”可知, 在二人的旅途中, 他们穿越沙漠和丛林、与大象亲密接触过、出了一次事故、还要穿越沿途的山脉。故此段主要讲述了他们在旅途过程中所遇到的困难和危险, 故选D。
4. Which f the fllwing best describes the tw teachers?
A. Curius and brave.
B. Humrus and generus.
C. Curageus and respnsible.
D. Efficient and hnest.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段可知, 两位英国教师为了支持非洲、亚洲和南美洲的基层教育项目, 在将他们的故障车辆拖行43英里后, 打破了在一辆三轮摩的上完成最长旅途的世界纪录。由此判断, 他们是有责任感的; 根据第三段中的内容, 得知他们在旅途过程中所遇到的困难和危险, 可知他们是非常勇敢的。故选C。
B
(2021·威海高二检测)
Thrughut histry, humanity has existed side-by-side with viruses and bacteria. Frm the bubnic plague t smallpx, humanity has evlved t resist these bacteria and viruses. Hwever, there are nw new ways fr them t infect us.
Climate change is melting permafrst(冻土) areas that have been frzen fr thusands f years. As the permafrst melts, s t the ancient bacteria and viruses that have been frzen. These ancient bacteria and viruses, which previusly lay inactive in the ice, may spring back t life as the earth’s climate warms.
In August 2016, a 12-year-ld by in the Arctic Circle died and at least twenty peple there were hspitalized after having been infected by anthrax(炭疽).
Experts studied and cncluded that ver 75 years ag, a reindeer infected with anthrax died and its bdy was frzen and trapped under a layer f permafrst. It stayed there, with the disease inactive, until a heatwave in the summer f 2016. The heatwave melted the permafrst and expsed the reindeer bdy, which then released the infectius pathgen(病原体) int the nearby water and sil, and then int the fd supply. Mre than 2, 000 reindeer feeding near the bdy became infected, which then led t a small number f human cases.
While yu may think the incident is islated t that area, the fact that lng-inactive viruses and bacteria might wake up sn due t climate change will affect us all. Pathgenic viruses might be preserved in ld permafrst layers, including sme that have caused glbal epidemics in the past.
With climate change, wh knws what deadly viruses and bacteria hidden beneath permafrst areas are threatening us. Perhaps it is time fr everyne t d their part t stp glbal warming.
【文章大意】文章讲述了全球变暖导致疫情蔓延, 呼吁人类阻止全球变暖。
5. What des the underlined “new ways” refer t?
A. Ancient bacteria and viruses came back t life.
B. Bacteria and viruses have evlved int new types.
C. Bacteria and viruses becme mre resistant t medicine.
D. Ancient bacteria and viruses remain active in frzen permafrst.
【解析】选A。指代猜测题。根据“These ancient bacteria and viruses, which previusly lay inactive in the ice, may spring back t life as the earth’s climate warms. ”可知, 之前被冰封的古细菌和病菌, 随着地球气候的变暖会再度活过来, 所以new ways是指古细菌和病菌复活, 故选A。
6. Which is the right rder f the case f anthrax in 2016?
① A 12-year-ld by died and many thers were infected.
② Over 2, 000 reindeer feeding near the bdy became infected.
③ The bacteria went int the nearby water, sil, and then fd supply.
④ The permafrst melted and the bacteria in the dead reindeer wke up.
A. ④③②① B. ④②③①
C. ①②④③D. ①③④②
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第四段可知, 七十五年前一头鹿感染了炭疽, 鹿死了, 身体被冰封, 病毒休眠, 直到2016年的夏季酷热期苏醒, 这些苏醒的病原体进入到附近的水、土地然后进入食物中, 感染了超过2 000头鹿, 然后感染了人类, 根据第三段可知, 在2016年一个12岁的男孩感染炭疽并死去, 并感染了其他人。所以顺序为④ ③ ② ①, 故选A。
7. Why des the writer write this text?
A. T intrduce an ancient virus, anthrax.
B. T call n peple t stp glbal warming.
C. T encurage peple t study ancient viruses.
D. T warn f the danger f melting permafrst.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据“Perhaps it is time fr everyne t d their part t stp glbal warming. ”作者认为是时候号召大家一起来阻止全球变暖了。可推断, 作者写此文的目的是号召人们阻止全球变暖。故选B。
8. In which sectin can we mst pssibly read this text n a website?
A. Gegraphy. B. Envirnment.
C. Educatin. D. Medicine.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。本文主要是讲全球变暖导致疫情的蔓延, 所以属于环境类, 故选B。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
I finished training as a nurse in Auckland and I was expecting t get a jb in a small hspital smewhere. But then a friend tld me abut Vlunteer Nw. I’d always wanted t g t an African cuntry and use my nursing skills t help peple. And here was a chance t d that, s I decided t apply. 1. I gt ne hspital t spnsr me and then I brrwed sme mney frm the bank.
S I went t Madagascar and jined a team f peple wrking with a lcal supervisr (主管人). 2.
By ging rund villages, we taught basic ways t imprve hygiene (卫生) and t avid catching diseases. Fr example, we gave instructin abut hw t avid catching malaria (疟疾) and distributed msquit nets t sme f the hmes. I think we did sme gd. I hpe s anyway.
3. I was suddenly in a cmpletely different culture, teaching peple wh had such a different lifestyle frm my wn. It made a big difference t the way I see the wrld. And I als made sme very gd friends ut there, bth lcal peple and the ther vlunteers. 4.
After I came back, I gt accepted straight away fr a jb at the university hspital. 5. I’m sure I wuldn’t have managed t d that if I hadn’t wrked in Madagascar and gt this practical experience.
A. We set up a prgram there.
B. I als gt a lt frm this prgram.
C. It is ne f the best hspitals in Auckland.
D. S I’d recmmend Vlunteer Nw t anyne.
E. I failed t take the pprtunity thugh I culd.
F. I had t raise $500 befre I went, but that was quite easy.
G. We had such gd times tgether and we’ve kept in tuch since then.
【文章大意】文章记叙了作者去非洲国家做志愿者, 用自己的护理技能去帮助人们的经历。
1. 【解析】选F。根据后文I gt ne hspital t spnsr me and then I brrwed sme mney frm the bank. 可知我得到一家医院的资助, 然后我从银行借了些钱。由此可知, 本句是在说明作者需要筹钱, 后文则讲了作者是如何筹钱的。故选F。
2. 【解析】选A。根据上文S I went t Madagascar and jined a team f peple wrking with a lcal supervisr. 可知我去了马达加斯加, 加入了一个当地人主管的团队。以及下一段中By ging rund villages, we taught basic ways t imprve hygiene and t avid catching diseases. 可知通过在村子里四处走动, 我们教授了当地人改善卫生和避免感染疾病的基本方法。由此可知, 本句承接上文说明作者加入团队之后的事情, 他们在村子里设立了项目, 教授改善卫生和避免感染疾病的基本方法。故选A。
3. 【解析】选B。根据后文可知我突然置身于一个完全不同的文化背景中, 教那些生活方式与我完全不同的人。这对我看世界的方式有很大的影响。我还在那里交了一些很好的朋友, 包括当地人和其他志愿者。由此可知, 后文主要在描述作者从这个项目中受到的影响和学到的东西。故选B。
4. 【解析】选G。根据上文And I als made sme very gd friends ut there, bth lcal peple and the ther vlunteers. 可知我还在那里交了一些很好的朋友, 包括当地人和其他志愿者。由此可知, 本句承接上文说明作者和那些朋友在一起的情况。故选G。
5. 【解析】选C。根据上文After I came back, I gt accepted straight away fr a jb at the university hspital. 可知我回来后, 马上就被大学医院录取了。由此可知, 本句承接上文说明这所医院的情况。故选C。
【词汇积淀·素养初探】
Ⅰ. 用本单元的单词及汉语提示完成词块
1. a parcel(包裹) frm hme
2. sme sweets and jam(果酱)
3. nice t get mail(信件)
4. my secndary(中学的) schl
5. clay(陶土) flrs
6. a dusty(布满灰尘的) track
7. a chrus(合唱队)
8. wear cttn unifrms(制服)
9. the test tube(管子)
10. a wrinkled(起皱纹的) frehead
11. a platfrm(平台) fr Jenny
12. ripe(成熟的) crn
13. dragged(拖) urselves dwn the muntain
Ⅱ. 根据语境完成句子
1. The classrms are made f(由……制成) bamb.
2. Many f them als have t walk a lng way, smetimes fr up t(达到) tw hurs.
3. There’s n electricity, running water r even textbks, nt t mentin(更不用说) laptps, tablets, r ther mdern devices.
4. I’m still trying t adapt t(适应) these cnditins.
5. I dubt whether I’m making any difference(有任何影响) t these by’s lives at all.
6. Everyne seemed t be related t(与……有关) Tmbe.
7. I nticed a can standing upside dwn(上下颠倒) n the grill ver the fire.
【阅读精研·素养构建】
Ⅰ. 文本整体理解: 理清文章架构
1. Skim the passage and fill in the blanks
Vlunteering in the bush
2. Read the text quickly and find ut the main idea f the passage.
The text is written by J, a yung (1)Australian wh teaches in a(n) (2)bush schl in a pr muntainus village. It is abut her experience as a (3)vlunteer and her first (4)visit t a village which is the hme f Tmbe.
Ⅱ. 文本细节理解: 探寻语篇细节信息
Chse the best answer t the passage
1. In a chemistry experiment the bys jumped ut f the windws because they .
A. were frightened by the bubbling mixture
B. culdn’t stand the terrible smell f the mixture
C. didn’t like ding chemistry experiment
D. knew chemistry was nt relevant t them
2. Why des J wnder hw relevant chemistry is t the kids?
A. Because she thinks chemistry is t difficult t learn.
B. Because she thinks chemistry may make little difference t the kids’ life.
C. Because the kids there hardly cme acrss anything f chemistry.
D. Because she thinks chemistry useless.
3. In what language d yu think J gave her lessns?
A. Pidgin English
B. French
C. English
D. The lcal language f Papua New Guinea
4. Why did Tmbe thrw ut f the tin can?
A. Because he hated the leftver fd.
B. Because he believed any leftver attracted evil spirits.
C. Because he believed the can had n use at all.
D. Because this is a way fr peple in Papua New Guinea t stre leftvers.
5. Hw did J feel after the visit t Tmbe’s family?
A. Happy B. Sad C. Wrried D. Upset
答案: 1～5. ACCBA
Ⅲ. 文本素养提升: 阅读技能综合运用
1. 根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句
(1)There is n equipment and since there isn’t even a
分句一 原因状语从句
washrm, if I need water I have t carry it frm my
条件状语从句 分句二
huse in a basin.
译文: 这里没有任何设备, 甚至没有洗手间, 如果我需要水的话我不得不用盆子从我的房子取水。
(2)The class became a circus as the bys, wh had never
主句
cme acrss anything like this befre, started jumping ut f
wh引导定语从句 as引导原因状语从句
the windws.
译文: 整个班级成了一个马戏团, 之前从没见过这种状况的男孩子们开始从窗户跳出去。
2. 根据课文内容填空
J wrte the blg entries t tell us her (1)teaching(teach) life in a bush schl as a vlunteer. She described the schl whse classrms (2)were made(make) f bamb and rfs f grass. They had never cme acrss chemistry experiments (3)befre J came here. J gave a detailed (4)descriptin(describe) f her first visit t a village. After tw and a half (5)hurs(hur) f walking, she arrived at Tmbe’s hme (6)where she culd see a lw bamb hut with grass (7)sticking(stick) ut f the rf, which had n windws. Inside the huse, she fund a newly made platfrm fr Jenny and her t sleep (8)n. Outside the huse, she saw Mukap laid stnes n the fire, placed them in (9)an empty il drum with kau kau, crn and greens and then (10)cvered(cver) the vegetables with banana leaves and left them t steam. She felt happy after the visit t Tmbe’s family.
3. 阅读主题活动
(1)What d yu think abut the life f Tmbe?
His life is rather hard, riginal and simple, but he and his family are very friendly.
(2)When yu graduate frm the cllege, d yu want t be a vlunteer? And why?
I want t be a vlunteer t help thers when I graduate frm the cllege, at that time, I have equipped with enugh knwledge, and I am capable f helping thers.
【要点精研·素养奠基】
1. unifrm n. 校服; 制服 adj. 一致的; 统一的
*Unlike students in ur cuntry, these bys d nt wear cttn unifrms.
不像我们国家的学生那样, 这里的孩子们不穿棉质校服。
*(2019·浙江高考)Schl unifrms are traditinal in Britain, but sme schls are starting t get rid f them.
在英国穿校服是个传统, 但是有些学校正开始摆脱它们。
*Fr twenty minutes r s, ur train seems t travel at a unifrm speed.
大约二十分钟的时间里, 我们的火车似乎在匀速行驶。
【语块积累】
in unifrm穿制服
schl unifrm校服
unifrm speed匀速; 等速
unifrm custms统一惯例
【即学活用】
(1)It is suggested that driving at a unifrm speed can save much energy.
据建议, 匀速驾驶可以节省很多能量。
(2)Befre the ceremny, all the students will gather tgether in schl unifrm.
典礼前, 所有的学生将会穿校服聚集在一起,
(3)Sme bys are playing in the rad and amng them a by is in unifrm.
几个男孩在街上玩耍, 其中有个穿着制服。
2. nt t mentin 更不用说; 且不说
*There is n electricity, running water r even textbks, nt t mentin laptps, tablets, r ther mdern devices.
那儿没有电, 没有自来水, 甚至没有课本, 更别提笔记本电脑、平板电脑或者别的现代化设备。
*The envirnment is clean and elegant, nt t mentin its high-quality dishes as well as its tp service. 这里环境很干净很优雅, 更不用说它高质量的饭菜和顶级的服务了。
*Jack’s s lazy that he hates ging fr walks, let alne/much less jgging.
杰克很懒惰, 所以他讨厌散步, 更别说是慢跑了。
【语块积累】
(1)nt t mentin. . . =nt t speak f. . .
=t say nthing f. . .
更不用说……
(2)let alne. . . =much less. . .
更不用说……
【即学活用】一句多译
我喜欢苹果派, 更不用说苹果了。
(1)I lve apple pies, nt t mentin apples.
(2)I lve apple pies, nt t speak f apples.
(3)I lve apple pies, t say nthing f apples.
(4)I lve apple pies, let alne apples.
3. shade vt. 给……遮挡(光线); 加灯罩; 把……涂暗
n. 阴凉处; 灯罩; 阴影部分
* (2020· 天津高考) Befre Vinnie culd say yes, the President hurried n, a shade f aplgy in his vice. 在维尼说“是的”之前, 总统匆忙接着说下去, 语气里有些许的歉意。
*She raised her hand t shade her eyes frm the sun.
她抬起手遮在眼睛上方以挡住阳光。
*There stand sme students in unifrm in the shades.
阴凉处站着一些穿着校服的学生。
【语块积累】
(1)a shade f少许, 微微
shade sb. /sth. frm sth. 为……遮挡; 遮住
in the shade在阴凉处
(2)shadedadj.林荫遮蔽的
【即学活用】(1)语法填空
①The great tree shades passers-by frm the heat f the sun.
②We wuld have a walk in the shaded(shade) street while we lived in the dwntwn.
(2)I can feel a shade f regret in his vice as t the result f the electin.
对于选举的结果, 我可以从他的语气中感觉到些许的悔意。
4. ripe adj. 成熟的; 时机成熟的
*He then placed the ht stnes in an empty il drum with kau kau(sweet ptat), ripe crn, and greens.
随后, 他把热的石头放在一个装着kau kau(甜马铃薯), 熟玉米和绿菜叶的空油桶里。
*(2020·江苏高考) Yu can be the ne wh directs the cnversatin t fun tpics that are ripe fr thers t add humr.
你可以把谈话引向有趣的话题, 而这些话题已经成熟, 可以为其他人增添幽默感。
*T help these fruits ripen faster, keep them n the cunter fr 2 t 5 days.
为了使这些水果成熟得更快, 要把他们放在柜台上2至5天。
【语块积累】
(1)(be) ripe fr 时机成熟, 准备就绪
ripe time 成熟的时机
(2)ripenv. (使)成熟
【即学活用】
(1)We are waiting fr the first crps t ripen.
我们正等待着第一批农作物的成熟。
(2)The time is ripe fr heritage buildings t be pened up.
向公众开放遗产建筑的时机已经成熟。
(3)It is the ripe time fr China t make a breakthrugh in high-tech field.
中国在高科技领域取得突破的时机已经成熟。
5. drag vt. 拖; 拽 vt. &vi. 缓慢而费力地前行
*My muscles were aching and my knees shaking as we dragged urselves dwn the muntain twards hme.
当我们拖拽着疲惫的身躯下山回家的时候, 我浑身肌肉疼痛, 膝盖在颤抖。
*The climbers dragged alng the dried river bed t find a shade.
攀爬者沿着干旱的河床慢慢前行寻找阴凉处。
*Dn’t drag behind thers, yu’ll make us all late.
不要掉队, 你会让大家都迟到的。
【语块积累】
drag alng 拖着脚走, 慢慢地行走
drag away 将……拉走; 将……硬拖走
drag behind落在后面
【熟词生义】
Sme ld thughts may act as a drag n the develpment f the sciety.
一些旧思想可能会阻碍了社会的发展。 (阻碍)
【即学活用】用适当的介词或副词填空
(1)The plice was rdered t drag away the prtestants arund the Cngress.
(2)In rder nt t drag behind his classmates, he is determined t wrk hard.
(3)After ne day’s hard wrk in the field, they culd nly have strength t drag alng.
6. privilege n. 优惠待遇; 特权
*J felt it was such a privilege t have spent a day with Tmbe’s family.
J感觉与Tmbe一家人度过一天的时间很荣幸。
*(2019·北京高考)It’s such a privilege t be a part f these kids’ lives.
能够成为这些孩子生活中的一部分那也是一种特权。
*Our members have the privilege f using the lending service f the library. 我们的会员享受这家图书馆借书服务的特权。
*Here I feel greatly privileged t intrduce t yu my favrite ne—the Dragn Bat Festival.
在这里, 我很荣幸地向你介绍我最喜欢的节日——端午节。
【语块积累】
(1)have the privilege f ding/t d sth. 有……的特权或荣幸
it’s a/ne’s privilege t d sth. 做……是特权或荣幸
(2)privilegevt. 给予……特权, 有特权
feel privileged t d sth. 荣幸地做某事
【即学活用】(1)语法填空
①I’ll feel privileged(privilege) t be yur guide during the visit.
②It’ll be ur great privilege t benefit(benefit) frm yur expertise in health care.
(2)It’s my great privilege t be here, sharing this mment with ur fellw friends frm Germany.
我很荣幸在这里与来自德国的朋友们分享这一时刻。
7. The ther day I was shwing the bys a chemistry experiment when, befre I knew it, the mixture was bubbling ut f the test tube spilling everywhere.
前几天我正给孩子们展示一个化学实验, 我还不知道什么情况, 这种混合物从试管里冒出泡泡, 溅得到处都是。
【句式解构】
本句是be ding. . . when. . . 句型。when在句中作并列连词, 意为“这时(突然)”, 相当于and then, and at that time。
*He was ding his hmewrk when the fire alarm began ringing.
他正在写作业, 这时火警响了。
*I was lying awake n my bed when suddenly Sarah came inside and started screaming.
我正躺在床上还没睡着, 这时萨拉突然跑进来, 开始大喊大叫。
【名师点津】突然发生的“when”
when作并列连词, 意为“这时(突然)”的句型还有:
(1)be abut t d/be n the pint f ding. . . when. . .
正要做什么的时候(突然)……
I was abut t leave the rm when he came in.
我正要离开房间时(突然)他进来了。
(2)had dne when 刚做完什么的时候(突然)……
I had just walked ut f the kitchen when smene kncked at the dr.
我刚从厨房出来, (突然)有人敲门。
【即学活用】
(1)We were talking when he suddenly tk his jacket and ran away.
我们正聊着呢, 突然他就拿着夹克跑开了。
(2)He was abut t give up the questin when suddenly he fund the answer.
当他正准备放弃这个问题时, 突然找到了答案。
(3)He had nt gne far when he bumped int a large cw and fell dwn.
他还没有走多远就撞上了一头奶牛并摔倒了。
8. Later, I nticed a can standing upside dwn n the grill ver the fire.
后来, 我注意到一个罐子倒置在火上方的烤架上。
【句式解构】
本句是一个简单句。句中含有一个感官动词的复合结构, standing upside dwn n the grill ver the fire为现在分词短语作宾语补足语; 常用于本结构的感官动词有ntice, see, hear, feel, find等。
*We were s happy that we didn’t ntice the water rising.
我们如此高兴以至于没注意到水位在上升。
*I lked ver my shulder and saw the lady hlding the quilt tightly.
我越过肩头看到那个女士正紧紧地抱着棉被。
*Suddenly, I fund myself facing a difficult situatin.
突然, 我发现我自己正面临着一个困难的处境。
【即学活用】
(1)Frm inside the stre, I culd see the peple utside rushing by.
从商店里面, 我可以看到外面的人们正匆匆走过。
(2)I nticed him sitting there alne in the rm at that time.
那时我注意到他正独自坐在房间里。
(3)The driver fund himself trapped in a big mrass.
司机发现自己被困在一个巨大的泥潭里。
【一语闻天下】
1. By 2025, the agency plans n launching the wrld’s first rbiting junk cllectr t drag the space rubbish ut f rbit.
该机构计划到2025年发射世界上第一个轨道垃圾收集器, 用来把太空垃圾拖离轨道。
2. Since January 21, 2020, the NHC has prvided daily updates n natinwide cases n its fficial website and scial media platfrm, and prvincial health departments have dne the same n lcal cases.
自2020年1月21日起, 国家卫生健康委每日在官方网站、社交媒体平台发布前一天全国疫情信息, 各省级卫生健康部门也每日统一发布前一天本省份疫情信息。
3. Unlike mass-prduced prducts, mst alpaca dlls in Peru are handmade gds manufactured by lcal artisans in their family wrkshps, withut unifrm design requirement, said Bedregal, adding that it was hard t find partners as making 1, 000 identical alpaca dlls meant enrmus wrk fr lcal artisans.
贝德雷格尔说, 与批量生产的产品不同, 秘鲁大多数羊驼玩偶都是由当地工匠在家庭作坊手工制作的, 没有统一的设计要求。他还说, 很难找到合作伙伴, 因为制作1 000个一模一样的羊驼玩偶意味着当地工匠的工作量很大。
4. “We cntinue wrking t pen the dr t new destinatins, demnstrating that ur fd meets the highest quality standards, privileging functinality and safety, with qualities that are increasingly essential fr Asian cnsumers, ” he added.
他补充说: “我们将继续努力, 为新目的地打开大门, 证明我们的食品符合最高质量标准, 强调功能性和安全性, 这些品质对亚洲消费者来说越来越重要。”
【课时检测·素养达标】
Ⅰ. 语段填词
1. The ther day I received a parcel(包裹) and a mail (信件)frm my nephew, wh lives in the remte muntain area and studies in a secndary(中学) schl. He especially presented me a picture, in which he wears a brandly new unifrm(校服).
2. In the hut(小房子) nce lived an ld farmer, wh had a sharp jaw(下巴), and many wrinkles(皱纹) n his face. In his huse, there is a deserted fireplace(壁炉). A kettle (水壶)and a pan(平底锅) lay n the table cvered with dust(灰尘).
3. We helped the farmers clean up weeds(杂草), pick ripe (熟的)apples. Althugh it was rather ht, the big apple trees culd prvide shade(阴凉) fr us. After a whle day’s hard wrk, we felt very happy and dragged (费力前行)urselves alng the path t schl.
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1. Many pavilins have been built t shade the walkers frm the sunlight.
2. He was cycling(cycle) in the cuntryside when it started t rain heavily.
3. We feel at ease in ur schl unifrms every day.
4. I feel greatly privileged(privilege) t take part in an activity called “ Save the Earth”.
5. I think it is ripe f me t try the new and challenging wrk.
6. We can watch the dragn dance and attend the temple fair, nt t mentin (mentin)the delicius snacks we may taste in streets.
7. I saw many dancers dancing(dance)n the square happily.
8. Thse black men wh were prtesting n the street were dragged(drag) away by the plice.
Ⅲ. 结合课文主题, 使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇50词左右的短文
1. 我曾经在一个偏远的中学支教。那儿的学生生活很穷苦, 没有校服, 更别提现代化的教学设备。
2. 尽管条件很糟糕, 但我仍然致力于教授他们更多的知识。课后, 我会帮助当地人清理杂草, 收获成熟的庄稼。
3. 我离开后, 有一天当我正在办公室上班时我收到一封信。信里我教过的那些学生表达了对我的感谢。
I nce vlunteered t teach in a remte secndary schl. The students there lived a pr life and didn’t wear unifrms, nt t mentin mdern teaching equipment. Despite the terrible cnditins, I was devted t teaching them mre knwledge. After class, I wuld help the lcals clean up the weeds, and harvested the ripe crps. One day after I left the schl fr tw years, I was wrking in my ffice when I received a mail, in which the students I nce taught there thanked me.
十 Unit 4 Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. Tu Yuyu, a great chemist(药剂师) and scientist, devted mst f her time t finding the cure fr malaria.
2. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I wanted t be a fireman, whse unifrm (制服) lked s cl.
3. It wuld be great t set up a platfrm(平台) where students frm bth cuntries can make friends and exchange thughts and ideas.
4. We intend t wrap them in a big parcel(包裹) and pst it t yur schl.
5. I wiped the dust(尘土) ff all the furniture, and then I swept and mpped the flrs.
6. Last week, ur schl held a chrus(合唱团) cmpetitin, the “12. 9 Chrus”.
7. He just patted her back lvingly, kissed her frehead(眉头), and rushed fr his ffice.
8. If they always fllw thers’ chices, they are bund t live a bring and rigid(死板的) life.
9. They want t make rm fr husing(住房) r ffices during urban cnstructin.
10. It is suggested that all primary and secndary(中级的) schls shuld ffer elective curses related t artificial intelligence.
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1. He said that he was driving alng the rad when he lst cntrl f his car.
2. I really like having a walk alng shaded(shade) rad with my friends after schl.
3. I feel greatly privileged(privilege) t have the chance t present my inventin.
4. The unexpected illness dragged him behind ther students in class.
5. It’s ripe fr him t try ut fr an internatinal team after s many years f hard training.
6. He was nticed wandering(wander) alng the street at that time.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. Yu’ll save the miles t the theater and restaurant —nt t mentin the mney .
您可以省掉去剧院和餐馆的路——更不用提钱了。
2. A chrus f prtest brke ut when the plitician was speaking.
当这个政客发表演讲的时候爆发出一片抗议声。
3. I was reviewing my ntes when the light turned ff.
我正在复习笔记时突然灯灭了。
4. I nticed smene fllwing me in the dark.
我注意到有人正在黑暗里跟踪我。
5. It’s my privilege t shw yu arund ur campus.
我很荣幸带你们参观我们的校园。
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
(2021·青岛高二检测)
Tw British teachers have brken the wrld recrd fr the lngest jurney in a tuk-tuk after pulling their failing vehicle fr 43 miles. Richard Sears and Nick Gugh traveled 37, 500 kilmeters arund the wrld and passed thrugh 37 cuntries. They did this t supprt grassrts educatin prject in Africa, Asia and Suth America.
The pair, wh set ff frm Lndn, thught their expeditin was ver when the vehicle started t fail. When the tuk-tuk brke, they were nly 70 kilmeters frm their destinatin. They decided t pull it the rest f the way. The tuk-tuk, which weighs 800 kilgrams, was pulled in turns by Richard and Nick ver three days. On arrival in Chepen, Peru, they discvered a mechanic wh specialized in tuk-tuks and managed t fix it.
The pair were back n the rad and aiming fr their next gal. Alng their jurney they had t tackle deserts and jungles. They als survived clse encunters with elephants in Uganda and Btswana and an accident in Malaysia. The greatest hardship n the tuk-tuk was the muntain ranges lying in their path, including the Alps, the Himalayas and the Andes.
Nick and Richard uncvered sme inspiratinal prjects acrss Africa, Asia and Suth America. They witnessed firsthand the educatinal challenges facing these areas tday. They jined street children in the slums f Cair, Khartum, Kampala, Mumbai and Phnm Penh. They visited Cnglese refugees (难民) in camps in Eastern Burundi. They witnessed hw educatin culd free sex-wrkers in Delhi and victims f human trafficking in Nepal.
The pair established the Tuk-Tuk Educatinal Trust, a U. K. registered charity.
Talking abut their mtivatin, Richard said: “The wrld’s leaders have made a cmmitment t achieving universal primary educatin but in spite f this pledge (誓言, 承诺), ver 57 millin primary-aged children wrldwide are still ut f schl; many mre are in schl, thugh still cannt access quality learning pprtunities. ”
【文章大意】文章主要讲述了两位英国老师为了支持非洲、亚洲和南美洲的基层教育项目, 历经千辛万苦环游世界的故事。
1. Why did the tw teachers travel the wrld?
A. T supprt an educatin prject.
B. T create a new wrld recrd.
C. T entertain themselves.
D. T challenge themselves.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段中“They did this t supprt grassrts educatin prject in Africa, Asia and Suth America. ”可知, 他们环游世界是为了支持非洲、亚洲和南美洲的基层教育项目。故选A。
2. Hw far did the tw teachers pull the tuk-tuk each day n average?
A. A little mre than 23 kilmeters.
B. Abut 14 miles.
C. 43 miles.
D. 70 kilmeters.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段. . . after pulling their failing vehicle fr
43 miles 和第二段后半部分The tuk-tuk, which weighs 800 kilgrams, was pulled in turns by Richard and Nick ver three days. 拖了43英里, 用了3天, 所以每天平均14英里。故选B。
3. What is the third paragraph mainly abut?
A. Hw they realized their next gal.
B. Their exciting experience n the rad.
C. The beautiful scenery f famus muntains.
D. The difficulties and dangers they faced in the jurney.
【解析】选D。段落大意题。根据第三段中的关键词“tackle deserts and jungles; survived clse encunters with elephants in Uganda and Btswana and an accident in Malaysia; the muntain ranges lying in their path. ”可知, 在二人的旅途中, 他们穿越沙漠和丛林、与大象亲密接触过、出了一次事故、还要穿越沿途的山脉。故此段主要讲述了他们在旅途过程中所遇到的困难和危险, 故选D。
4. Which f the fllwing best describes the tw teachers?
A. Curius and brave.
B. Humrus and generus.
C. Curageus and respnsible.
D. Efficient and hnest.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段可知, 两位英国教师为了支持非洲、亚洲和南美洲的基层教育项目, 在将他们的故障车辆拖行43英里后, 打破了在一辆三轮摩的上完成最长旅途的世界纪录。由此判断, 他们是有责任感的; 根据第三段中的内容, 得知他们在旅途过程中所遇到的困难和危险, 可知他们是非常勇敢的。故选C。
B
(2021·威海高二检测)
Thrughut histry, humanity has existed side-by-side with viruses and bacteria. Frm the bubnic plague t smallpx, humanity has evlved t resist these bacteria and viruses. Hwever, there are nw new ways fr them t infect us.
Climate change is melting permafrst(冻土) areas that have been frzen fr thusands f years. As the permafrst melts, s t the ancient bacteria and viruses that have been frzen. These ancient bacteria and viruses, which previusly lay inactive in the ice, may spring back t life as the earth’s climate warms.
In August 2016, a 12-year-ld by in the Arctic Circle died and at least twenty peple there were hspitalized after having been infected by anthrax(炭疽).
Experts studied and cncluded that ver 75 years ag, a reindeer infected with anthrax died and its bdy was frzen and trapped under a layer f permafrst. It stayed there, with the disease inactive, until a heatwave in the summer f 2016. The heatwave melted the permafrst and expsed the reindeer bdy, which then released the infectius pathgen(病原体) int the nearby water and sil, and then int the fd supply. Mre than 2, 000 reindeer feeding near the bdy became infected, which then led t a small number f human cases.
While yu may think the incident is islated t that area, the fact that lng-inactive viruses and bacteria might wake up sn due t climate change will affect us all. Pathgenic viruses might be preserved in ld permafrst layers, including sme that have caused glbal epidemics in the past.
With climate change, wh knws what deadly viruses and bacteria hidden beneath permafrst areas are threatening us. Perhaps it is time fr everyne t d their part t stp glbal warming.
【文章大意】文章讲述了全球变暖导致疫情蔓延, 呼吁人类阻止全球变暖。
5. What des the underlined “new ways” refer t?
A. Ancient bacteria and viruses came back t life.
B. Bacteria and viruses have evlved int new types.
C. Bacteria and viruses becme mre resistant t medicine.
D. Ancient bacteria and viruses remain active in frzen permafrst.
【解析】选A。指代猜测题。根据“These ancient bacteria and viruses, which previusly lay inactive in the ice, may spring back t life as the earth’s climate warms. ”可知, 之前被冰封的古细菌和病菌, 随着地球气候的变暖会再度活过来, 所以new ways是指古细菌和病菌复活, 故选A。
6. Which is the right rder f the case f anthrax in 2016?
① A 12-year-ld by died and many thers were infected.
② Over 2, 000 reindeer feeding near the bdy became infected.
③ The bacteria went int the nearby water, sil, and then fd supply.
④ The permafrst melted and the bacteria in the dead reindeer wke up.
A. ④③②① B. ④②③①
C. ①②④③D. ①③④②
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第四段可知, 七十五年前一头鹿感染了炭疽, 鹿死了, 身体被冰封, 病毒休眠, 直到2016年的夏季酷热期苏醒, 这些苏醒的病原体进入到附近的水、土地然后进入食物中, 感染了超过2 000头鹿, 然后感染了人类, 根据第三段可知, 在2016年一个12岁的男孩感染炭疽并死去, 并感染了其他人。所以顺序为④ ③ ② ①, 故选A。
7. Why des the writer write this text?
A. T intrduce an ancient virus, anthrax.
B. T call n peple t stp glbal warming.
C. T encurage peple t study ancient viruses.
D. T warn f the danger f melting permafrst.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据“Perhaps it is time fr everyne t d their part t stp glbal warming. ”作者认为是时候号召大家一起来阻止全球变暖了。可推断, 作者写此文的目的是号召人们阻止全球变暖。故选B。
8. In which sectin can we mst pssibly read this text n a website?
A. Gegraphy. B. Envirnment.
C. Educatin. D. Medicine.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。本文主要是讲全球变暖导致疫情的蔓延, 所以属于环境类, 故选B。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
I finished training as a nurse in Auckland and I was expecting t get a jb in a small hspital smewhere. But then a friend tld me abut Vlunteer Nw. I’d always wanted t g t an African cuntry and use my nursing skills t help peple. And here was a chance t d that, s I decided t apply. 1. I gt ne hspital t spnsr me and then I brrwed sme mney frm the bank.
S I went t Madagascar and jined a team f peple wrking with a lcal supervisr (主管人). 2.
By ging rund villages, we taught basic ways t imprve hygiene (卫生) and t avid catching diseases. Fr example, we gave instructin abut hw t avid catching malaria (疟疾) and distributed msquit nets t sme f the hmes. I think we did sme gd. I hpe s anyway.
3. I was suddenly in a cmpletely different culture, teaching peple wh had such a different lifestyle frm my wn. It made a big difference t the way I see the wrld. And I als made sme very gd friends ut there, bth lcal peple and the ther vlunteers. 4.
After I came back, I gt accepted straight away fr a jb at the university hspital. 5. I’m sure I wuldn’t have managed t d that if I hadn’t wrked in Madagascar and gt this practical experience.
A. We set up a prgram there.
B. I als gt a lt frm this prgram.
C. It is ne f the best hspitals in Auckland.
D. S I’d recmmend Vlunteer Nw t anyne.
E. I failed t take the pprtunity thugh I culd.
F. I had t raise $500 befre I went, but that was quite easy.
G. We had such gd times tgether and we’ve kept in tuch since then.
【文章大意】文章记叙了作者去非洲国家做志愿者, 用自己的护理技能去帮助人们的经历。
1. 【解析】选F。根据后文I gt ne hspital t spnsr me and then I brrwed sme mney frm the bank. 可知我得到一家医院的资助, 然后我从银行借了些钱。由此可知, 本句是在说明作者需要筹钱, 后文则讲了作者是如何筹钱的。故选F。
2. 【解析】选A。根据上文S I went t Madagascar and jined a team f peple wrking with a lcal supervisr. 可知我去了马达加斯加, 加入了一个当地人主管的团队。以及下一段中By ging rund villages, we taught basic ways t imprve hygiene and t avid catching diseases. 可知通过在村子里四处走动, 我们教授了当地人改善卫生和避免感染疾病的基本方法。由此可知, 本句承接上文说明作者加入团队之后的事情, 他们在村子里设立了项目, 教授改善卫生和避免感染疾病的基本方法。故选A。
3. 【解析】选B。根据后文可知我突然置身于一个完全不同的文化背景中, 教那些生活方式与我完全不同的人。这对我看世界的方式有很大的影响。我还在那里交了一些很好的朋友, 包括当地人和其他志愿者。由此可知, 后文主要在描述作者从这个项目中受到的影响和学到的东西。故选B。
4. 【解析】选G。根据上文And I als made sme very gd friends ut there, bth lcal peple and the ther vlunteers. 可知我还在那里交了一些很好的朋友, 包括当地人和其他志愿者。由此可知, 本句承接上文说明作者和那些朋友在一起的情况。故选G。
5. 【解析】选C。根据上文After I came back, I gt accepted straight away fr a jb at the university hspital. 可知我回来后, 马上就被大学医院录取了。由此可知, 本句承接上文说明这所医院的情况。故选C。
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