牛津上海版九年级上册 语态专项讲解及练习（有答案）

语态                                      知识点1：语态概述
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
例如：Many people speak English.
谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
 主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念；而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，从而是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。
例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句)
The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句)
  知识点2：被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。 现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
 一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught
一般过去时：was／were＋taught
一般将来时：will／shall be＋taught
现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught
过去进行时：was／were being＋taught
现在完成时：have／has been＋taught 过去完成时：had been +taught过去将来时：would be +taught
 歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。 知识点3：被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
   例如： Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。  (不知道电脑是谁偷的)
          This book was published in 1981.  这本书出版于1981年。
(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
   例如：The window was broken by Mike.  窗户是迈克打破的。
         This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。
         Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。  歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。

知识点4：主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)  把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)  把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)
     (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
(3)  把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：
     All the people laughed at him.
     He was laughed at by all people.
     They make the bikes in the factory.
     The bikes are made by them in the factory.
       歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。
知识点5：含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”，原来带to要保留。例如： We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days. You ought to take it away.  It ought to be taken away. They should do it at once.  It should be done at once 专题精讲 1. The Eiffel Tower _____________ by the French engineer Alexander Gustavo Eiffel for the Paris Exposition (巴黎博览会) of 1889.（宝山区） A. designed       B. was designed     C. will design     D. will be designed 答案：B一般过去时的被动语态：was／were＋过去分词 2. It’ll be a great honor if I ________ to the charity evening party next week.（静安）A. invite          B. will invite      C. will be invited  D. am invited 答案：D一般现在时的被动语态：am／is／are＋过去分词 3. A Disneyland Park (迪斯尼乐园) ________in Shanghai Pudong New Area in the near future.（中考）A. builds       B. has built       C. will build     D. will be built 答案：D一般将来时的被动语态：will／shall be＋过去分词 4. Schools should offer more fruits and vegetables to students in their meals every day. (改为被动语态)（徐汇一模）More fruits and vegetables should ________ ________ to students in their meals every day.  答案：be offered含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be＋过去分词  专题过关 1. Linda and her father ________ each other for mothers before they met yesterday afternoon.A. haven’t seen       B. didn’t see C. hadn’t seen        D. wouldn’t see2. By the end of 2010, we ________ a great number of highrises in Shanghai.A. build            B. had built         C. will build     D. built3. By 2010 we ______around ten countries in Asia.A. have traveled     B. had traveled         C. are traveling       D. travel4. By the time he was twenty-five, he ______a boss of five chain stores already.A. was             B. has been            C. had been         D. would be5. The company reported that it ________more than three million iPads by the end of last July.A. sold             B. will sell           C. had sold           D）have sold KEYS: C B BCC  (完成时态练习题)1.  Come on! We___presents for Tom's tomorrow's fifteenth birthday now.A. choose            B. chose             C. are choosing        D. will chooseMrs. Green___________to the headmaster now. You'd better call her later.A. is talking           B. was talking          C. talk              D. talkedBen, Kitty, come here to watch TV at once! Some reporters ______your father now.A. interview        B. will interview        C. are interviewing     D. interviewedSarah ______ the Disney World with her friends at eleven yesterday morning.A. visit             B. visited           C. is visiting        D. was visitingWhat ______ you ______ at ten o’clock yesterday morning?A. are … doing B. were … doing C. did … do D. have … done6. The students_____________the farmers cut the rice this time yesterday.A. helped          B. will help C. are helping             D. were helping7.  The foreign teacher          basketball with his students at 4:30 yesterday afternoon.A. played           B. was playing        C. has played        D. had played8.  I _______basketball with my friends form three to four o’clock yesterday afternoon.A. had played       B. played             C. was playing        D. play9.  Ken didn’t visit Shanghai ART Gallery with Jill yesterday afternoon because he ______ a report at that time.A. had written       B. wrote              C. would write        D. was writing10.  Don't disturb your brother. He _________ on a new computer program.A. works           B. was working         C. is working        D. has worked11.  My father and I ________ my grandparents in New York this time last year.A. visited           B. are visiting         C. had visited         D. were visiting KEYS:    CACDB   DBCDC  D  (进行时态题目练习)