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高中英语牛津译林版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Welcome to the unit优秀导学案
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这是一份高中英语牛津译林版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Welcome to the unit优秀导学案，共12页。
Cuntries arund the glbe are spending billins f dllars and lts f time n varius space missins，whether t Mars r ther planets much further away.Sme peple argue that we shuld stp wasting time and mney explring space.Instead，we shuld feed the wrld’s pr and find immediate slutins t ther prblems，such as pllutin and fatal1 diseases.Hwever，thers feel this is a shallw2 view which fails t realise hw explring space helps us.
Firstly，explring space has already made a difference in the fight against wrld hunger.It has directly resulted in the many satellites that nw rbit Earth.A number f the satellites recrd data n land and weather patterns3.Then the data is transmitted t scientists n Earth.After careful analysis4，the scientists can prvide useful recmmendatins and advice fr farmers.As a result，space-based science has helped farming in its effrts t grw enugh fd t feed Earth’s increasing ppulatin.
Secndly，space explratin has already prmted technlgical imprvements that benefit us all.High-end prducts arund the wrld are made t a higher standard nw because f advanced technlgy which was first created t meet the requirements fr space explratin.Fr example，space technlgies have helped the research and develpment f different types f new material.They have als helped cmpanies make better heart mnitrs5 and ther machines that dctrs regularly use.Tday，space technlgies are widely used in all kinds f industries，and everyday prducts such as GPS，memry fam pillws，and smartphne cameras are changing ur lives.
Finally，sending astrnauts int space has helped peple t think abut the wrld’s prblems and even t find ways t slve them.Seeing pictures f ur planet as an island in a black sea made peple realise that ur planet’s resurces are limited6.In rder t prvide fr such a rapidly increasing ppulatin，scientists are trying t find ther planets that culd ne day be ur new hme.The greatest attentin at present is n Mars because it is clser t Earth.In the future，humans may live n bth planets.
In clsing7，explring space prvides the wrld with many different benefits.Therefre，it shuld cntinue s as t prvide new and better slutins t peple’s shrt-term and lng-term prblems.(选自人教版新教材必修第三册 UNIT 4)
1．fatal /'feɪtl/ adj.致命的；灾难性的
2．shallw /'ʃæləʊ/ adj.肤浅的；浅的
3．pattern /'pætn/ n．模式；图案；模范
4．analysis /ə'næləsɪs/ n．(pl.analyses /ə'næləsiːz/)(对事物的)分析；分析结果
5．mnitr /'mɒnɪtə(r)/ n．监视器；监测仪vt.监视；监测；监控
6．limited /'lɪmɪtɪd/ adj.有限的
7．in clsing最后
1．Hwever，thers feel this is a shallw view which fails t realise hw explring space helps us.
然而，另一部分人觉得这是一种肤浅的观点，没有认识到探索太空给我们带来的好处。
[句式分析] which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a shallw view。hw explring space helps us为宾语从句。
2．Secndly，space explratin has already prmted technlgical imprvements that benefit us all.
其次，太空探索推动了科技进步，使全人类受益。
[句式分析] 句中that benefit us all为定语从句，修饰先行词technlgical imprvements。
3．Seeing pictures f ur planet as an island in a black sea made peple realise that ur planet’s resurces are limited.
看着我们地球的照片，犹如黑色汪洋大海中的一个小岛，人们意识到地球上的资源是有限的。
[句式分析] 句中Seeing pictures f ur planet as an island in a black sea为动名词短语作主语，made peple realise为“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，that ur planet’s resurces are limited为宾语从句。
Perid One Welcme t the unit Reading—Cmprehending
Learning Aims(学习目标)
1．Learn sme new wrds
2．Grasp the general idea f the passage(重点难点)
3．Learn sme imprtant sentences(重点难点)
阅读下列课文原句，写出句中加黑词汇的汉语意思
1．Due t the near absence f gravity in space，we have t attach urselves s that we dn’t flat arund.缺乏，不存在 重力，地球引力
2．We usually sleep in private quarters，which are mre like large cupbards，r in sleeping bags attached t the walls r the ceiling.壁橱；橱柜；衣柜 天花板
3．Creatures such as mice，fish and msquites have als been sent t the statin！
动物，生物 蚊子
4．First，we put n ur spacesuits，which allw us t breathe in space and prtect us frm expsure t the cld and radiatin.面临，遭受 辐射，放射线
5．Spending sme time in the gym is f vital imprtance t astrnauts’ health.
必不可少的，对……极重要的 宇航员，航天员
Task 1 宏观架构 整体理解
Ⅰ.Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
Ⅱ.The main idea f the passage is the authr’s life n a space statin.
Task 2 微观剖析 细节把握
1．Hw lng did the authr stay n a space statin?
A．Six mnths. B．Five mnths.
C．A year. D．Three mnths.
答案 A
2．Why d the astrnauts attach themselves in space?
A．Because they like t sleep in the way in space.
B．Because there is enugh xygen in space.
C．Because they like t flat arund in space.
D．Because they are afraid f flating arund due t the near absence f gravity in space.
答案 D
3．Which animal hasn’t been sent t the statin?
A．Muse. B．Fish.
C．Frg. D．Msquit.
答案 C
4．Frm the passage we can infer that .
A．spacewalking is as exciting as yu think
B．it’s easy t get fresh fd in space
C．testing new equipment is the mst challenging wrk in space
D．the astrnauts’ spacesuits can prtect them frm the cld and radiatin
答案 D
5．What’s the meaning f the phrase “g by” in the last paragraph?
A．Pass. B．Die.
C．Fly. D．Disappear.
答案 A
Task 3 读后升华 思维品质
Activity 1 词汇学习——词族
这篇演讲记录中使用了很多下面表格中的词。用同一个词族中的词完成表格，然后想出更多的词族。
答案 (略)
Activity 2 美句欣赏——提升连贯性的代词
这篇演讲记录中使用了诸如it，that，they 等代词来提升连贯性。请找出使用了这些代词的句子并欣赏背诵。
答案：
1．My six-mnth stay n a space statin has cme t an end，and it has been a challenging but magical adventure.
2．I bet yu’d lve t knw what daily life is like up in space and hw it differs frm that n the Earth—the lw gravity definitely makes rdinary things strange!
3．The rutine tasks that ccupy mst f the day are demanding，but they can als be extremely rewarding.
4．Hpefully，it will cast new light n the Earth’s climate and lead t better lightning prtectin.
5．Salt and pepper are nly in liquid frm，s that they will nt flat away and blck the air pipes.
Activity 3 文本讨论
1．What d yu think f daily life n a space statin？Use details frm the lecture transcript t supprt yur pinin.
2．At the end f the lecture，what questins wuld yu like t ask the astrnaut?
3．What qualities d yu think are needed t becme an astrnaut?
译文：试着背部没有压力入睡是奇怪的，但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。
译文：占用了一天里大部分时间的日常工作要求很高，但是也会非常有意义。
译文：虽然地球的景色十分壮观，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。
课文语法填空
My six-mnth stay n a space statin is a 1.challenging (challenge) but magical adventure.The daily life there fr the astrnauts differs frm 2.that n the Earth.Due t the near absence f gravity in space，we have t attach urselves 3.s that we dn’t flat arund.
The rutine tasks 4.ccupying (ccupy) mst f the day are demanding but 5.extremely(extreme) rewarding.Fr a spacewalk，we have t put n ur spacesuits,6.which can prtect us frm expsure t the cld and radiatin.Meanwhile，eating is als different in space.It’s a luxury 7.t eat(eat) fresh fd and we must drink water r any ther liquids ut f a bag thrugh a thin tube f plastic.At the same time，spending sme time in the gym is f vital 8.imprtance (imprtant) t ur health.We have t be tied nt specially designed exercise equipment t stp urselves frm flating arund.What we like mst 9.is(be)t sit back with the rest f the crew and watch the planet g by，taking pictures fr ur family and friends back hme.T ur delight，we get t see the sunrise every 90 10.minutes (minute)．In cnclusin，all the challenges f life in space seem wrth it.
课时跟踪练一
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Step int Mving t Mars，an exhibitin f the Mars missin and clny design at Lndn’s Design Museum，and immediately yu have gd reasns nt t mve there.
Frightening glwing wall-texts annunce that Mars wasn’t made fr yu；that there is n life and precius little water；that，dressed in a spacesuit，yu will never tuch，taste r smell the planet yu nw call “hme”．As Lisa Grssman wrte fr New Scientist a cuple f years ag，“What’s different abut Mars is that there is nthing t d there except try nt t die.”
It is an dd beginning fr such a celebratry exhibitin，but it prvides a valuable，dark backgrund against which the rest f the shw can sparkle(闪耀) —a shw that is，as its chief manager Justin remarks，“nt abut Mars；this is an exhibitin abut peple”．
Mving alng，there is a quick yet clear flash thrugh what the science-fictin writer Rbinsn calls“the histry f Mars in the human mind”．A Babylnian clay tablet and a Greek vase speak t early ideas abut the planet.A pster fr the riginal Ttal Recall film reminds us f Mars’ psychlgical threat.
The main part f the shw is ur current plans fr the Red Planet.There are real spacesuits and mdels f 3D-printed Martian settlements and suitable clthing and furniture.Missin architectures and engineering sketches line the walls.Real hammers meant fr the Internatinal Space Statin are wall-munted beside a lw-gravity table that has yet t leave，and may indeed never leave Earth.
This，f curse，is the great strength f appraching science thrugh design：reality and assumptin can be given equal visual weight，drawing us int an infrmed cnversatin abut what it is that we actually want frm a future n Mars.
1．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Hw t mve t Mars.
B．Hw t survive n Mars.
C．What preparatins we made fr Mars.
D．What the exhibitin f the Mars missin truly tells us.
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。根据第一段以及文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了伦敦设计博物馆的火星任务和移民地设计展览“搬到火星”的基本情况。故选D。
2．What can we learn frm Lisa Grssman?
A．It’s impssible t live n Mars.
B．It’s n gd settling n Mars.
C．Yu have nthing t d living n Mars.
D．Yu can live n Mars in a spacesuit.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，在火星上生活是不可能的。故选A。
3．What des the exhibitin fcus n?
A．The current plans fr Mars.
B．The advantages f living n Mars.
C．The early ideas abut Mars.
D．The histry f Mars in the human mind.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第五段首句可知展览的重点是关于火星目前的计划。故选A。
B
What’s a spacewalk? Any time an astrnaut gets ut f a spacecraft while in space，it is called a spacewalk.Astrnauts g n spacewalks fr many reasns.Fr example，experiments can be placed n the utside f a spacecraft.This lets scientists learn hw being in space affects different things.By ging n spacewalks，astrnauts can als fix certain things instead f bringing them back t the earth t fix.
When astrnauts g n spacewalks，they wear spacesuits t keep themselves safe.Inside spacesuits，astrnauts have the xygen they need t breathe and the water they need t drink.T keep the astrnauts and the spacecraft safe，the astrnauts must leave and g back t the spacecraft thrugh a special dr.When n a spacewalk，astrnauts use safety tethers t stay clse t their spacecraft，which cnnect the spacewalkers with the spacecraft.They keep astrnauts frm flating away int space.Anther way astrnauts stay safe during spacewalks is by wearing a SAFER.SAFER is wrn like a backpack.It helps an astrnaut mve arund in space.
Hw d astrnauts train fr spacewalks? One way is by ging fr a swim.Flating in space is a lt like flating in water.Astrnauts practice spacewalks underwater in a huge special swimming pl.Fr every ne hur they will spend n a spacewalk，astrnauts need t train seven hurs in the pl.Anther way astrnauts practice fr a spacewalk is by using virtual reality(虚拟现实)．It lks and feels just like a spacewalk.
Tday，nly three cuntries have finished spacewalks independently.They are Russia，the United States and China.The first persn t g n a spacewalk in the wrld was Alexei Lenv frm Russia.Zhai Zhigang is the first Chinese astrnaut t g n a spacewalk.The wrld recrd f spacewalks is held by Russian astrnaut Anatly Slvyev.He has been n 16 spacewalks and spent mre than 82 hurs utside in space.
4．What can an astrnaut d by ging n a spacewalk?
A．Fix different bjects.
B．Cllect any things he wants.
C．Carry ut an experiment.
D．Study hw things change in space.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Astrnauts g n spacewalks fr many reasns.Fr example，experiments can be placed n the utside f a spacecraft.This lets scientists learn hw being in space affects different things.”可知，宇航员进行太空行走能进行实验。故选C。
5．What des the underlined wrd “tethers” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Special rpes. B．Spacesuits.
C．Spacecraft. D．Special backpacks.
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。根据后文“which cnnect the spacewalkers with the spacecraft”可知，tethers是连接太空行走者和宇宙飞船的，结合选项可推测tethers是指一种特殊的绳子。故选A。
6．What can we learn frm the last tw paragraphs?
A．Walking in space is as easy as ging swimming.
B．A virtual reality shuld be used in a spacewalk.
C．Only three cuntries have ever tried spacewalks.
D．Russia keeps the wrld recrd f spacewalks.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The wrld recrd f spacewalks is held by Russian astrnaut Anatly Slvyev.He has been n 16 spacewalks and spent mre than 82 hurs utside in space.”可知，俄罗斯保持着太空行走的世界纪录。故选D。
7．Where is this passage mst likely frm?
A．A diary. B．A magazine.
C．A nvel. D．A guidebk.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“What’s a spacewalk? Any time an astrnaut gets ut f a spacecraft while in space，it is called a spacewalk.”可知，文章属于科学知识类，结合选项可知最有可能来自一本杂志。故选B。
C
Space is the final frntier(前沿)．Sending rckets int space has becme almst cmmn.The demand fr cmmunicatins satellites and space-based image services is grwing.
Tday，space effrts cst abut $200 billin a year.Jint effrts between gvernments and businesses are helping t lwer csts and increase ur understanding f the universe.
The business f space lks gd fr Orbital ATK，a cmpany based in the United States.In January，the cmpany launched its Antares rcket.The rcket was carrying the first f eight planned supply shipments t the Internatinal Space Statin.Orbital ATK is ne f the tw American cmpanies paid by NASA t transprt supplies t the space statin.
A cmpany called Arianespace is a private Eurpean space business.Claytn Nwry heads the American divisin f the cmpany.He says the increase in rcket launches is partly the result f increased demand fr space-based technlgies.These include high-definitin(高清的) bradcasts and satellite bradband services.
While there is mre demand fr satellites，the end f NASA’s Space Shuttle prgram in 2011 has hurt the space industry.Janice Starzyk wrks at Internatinal Launch Services.She wrks n educatin issues at the Washingtn Space Business Rundtable.She said，“It’s a pity that the prgram’s shutdwn was a huge，huge set f lay-ffs(下岗人员) in the industry.”
But even as NASA reduces its spending，ther cuntries have annunced plans t explre space.In December 2013，China became just the third cuntry t land an unmanned space vehicle n the mn.A mnth later，India sent its first cmmunicatins satellite.
8．What makes sending rckets int space becme very usual?
A．Mre and mre peple wanting t explre space.
B．Space becming human’s final hme and dream.
C．Cmpanies making every effrt t earn $ 200 billin a year.
D．Increasing need fr cmmunicatins satellites and space-based image services.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Sending rckets int space has becme almst cmmn.The demand fr cmmunicatins satellites and space-based image services is grwing.”这两句的逻辑关系可知，是有了这一需求，才使得人类向太空发射火箭变得普遍，综上所述本题选D。
9．Why are gvernments and businesses wrking tgether?
A．T earn mre mney frm space prjects.
B．T send mre rckets int space and use them.
C．T prduce mre cmmunicatins satellites fr the public.
D．T keep csts dwn and help us learn mre abut the universe.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，政商合作，共同努力，正助力太空探索降低成本费用，同时提高(我们人类)对于宇宙的认识理解。故选D。
10．What d we knw abut Orbital ATK?
A．It’s a private Eurpean space business.
B．It sent its Antares rcket in January.
C．It’s a cmpany based in the United Kingdm.
D．It’s the nly American cmpany paid by NASA.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。第三段整段介绍了该公司，根据第三段中的“In January，the cmpany launched its Antares rcket.”可知，其在一月份发射了Antares火箭，B项时间和内容均与原文契合。故选B。
11．Hw may Janice Starzyk feel abut the prgram’s shutdwn?
A．Hpeful. B．Cntent.
C．Regretful. D．Uninterested.
答案 C
解析 观点态度题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，她认为项目的终止对于航天工业来说是一个遗憾，而且导致了这一行业一系列的下岗潮，句中的关键词为pity(遗憾)，对应regretful(遗憾的，惋惜的)。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
The ability t stay psitive is ne f the mst imprtant skills fr us.Why is this? The reasn is that we will spend mst f ur lives setting and trying t achieve gals.Everyne has dreams.Everyne wants t knw deep dwn inside that they were put here t d smething great. 1 The secnd yu set a gal，difficulties will begin t appear t stand in yur way.Mst peple let these challenges rb them f the life they really want.
If yu want t achieve greatness，if yu want t experience the best life pssible，then be prepared t get kncked dwn ver and ver. 2 This explains why there are s many peple wh have stpped trying t reach their dreams.
S hw d yu remain psitive regardless f what type f challenge yu are facing? It all cmes dwn t hw yu chse t respnd t any situatin as well as what yu decide t fcus n.N matter hw bad yur situatin is，yu can always find smething gd in it. 3
If yu keep fcusing n hw bad yu have it，hw are things suppsed t get any better? 4 Of curse it is.If this is true，why even bther thinking psitively? That is because if yu d，yu have a chance t make things better.If yu dn’t，things will usually get a lt wrse.
Realize that challenges are part f life. 5 It’s what makes reaching a gal wrth it.If yu were able t get everything yu wanted withut even trying，the victry wuldn’t taste as sweet.
A．Everyne will have t g thrugh them.
B．Staying psitive can be beneficial in many ways.
C．Staying psitive during situatins like this is nt easy.
D．Yu can d things like reading psitive bks r listening t psitive sngs.
E．Is it pssible t be psitive and still have yur circumstances get even wrse?
F．Hwever，the prblem is that life is tugh.
G．S what yu can d is start fcusing n what is gd.
1．答案 F
解析 设空处与前句是转折关系，虽然每个人都有目标，但生活中的困难会让我们的目标难以实现。设空处后一句印证了这一点。故F项符合上下文语境。
2．答案 C
解析 根据设空处后句“This explains why there are s many peple wh have stpped trying t reach their dreams.”可知，当人们遇见困难的时候很难保持乐观。故C项符合上下文语境。
3．答案 G
解析 根据设空处前句“N matter hw bad yur situatin is，yu can always find smething gd in it.”可知，无论情况多么糟糕，你总能找到其中好的方面。找到积极的方面以后，我们要多关注这些积极的因素。故G项符合上下文语境。
4．答案 E
解析 根据设空处后句“Of curse it is.”可知，此句是对设空处的肯定回答。设空处应为一个一般疑问句，选项中只有E项为一般疑问句。故选E。
5．答案 A
解析 设空处前句“Realize that challenges are part f life.”告诉我们，挑战是生活的一部分，没有人可以避开它。A项“Everyne will have t g thrugh them.”承接上文，符合语境。Verbs
Nuns
Adjectives
Adverbs
adventure
differ
definitely
rewarding
remarkable
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了伦敦设计博物馆的火星任务和移民地设计展览“搬到火星”的基本情况。
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空行走。解释了进行太空行走的原因、太空行走的流程和宇航员是如何进行太空行走训练的。最后提到了只有俄罗斯、美国和中国这三个国家独立完成了太空行走。
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文，主要就“太空探索”这一话题展开相关内容的介绍，包括太空科技的发展、值得一提的相关公司、太空探索所遭遇的停滞和继续前行。
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，强调了在生活中保持积极态度的重要性，并提出了保持积极态度的建议。
Cuntries arund the glbe are spending billins f dllars and lts f time n varius space missins，whether t Mars r ther planets much further away.Sme peple argue that we shuld stp wasting time and mney explring space.Instead，we shuld feed the wrld’s pr and find immediate slutins t ther prblems，such as pllutin and fatal1 diseases.Hwever，thers feel this is a shallw2 view which fails t realise hw explring space helps us.
Firstly，explring space has already made a difference in the fight against wrld hunger.It has directly resulted in the many satellites that nw rbit Earth.A number f the satellites recrd data n land and weather patterns3.Then the data is transmitted t scientists n Earth.After careful analysis4，the scientists can prvide useful recmmendatins and advice fr farmers.As a result，space-based science has helped farming in its effrts t grw enugh fd t feed Earth’s increasing ppulatin.
Secndly，space explratin has already prmted technlgical imprvements that benefit us all.High-end prducts arund the wrld are made t a higher standard nw because f advanced technlgy which was first created t meet the requirements fr space explratin.Fr example，space technlgies have helped the research and develpment f different types f new material.They have als helped cmpanies make better heart mnitrs5 and ther machines that dctrs regularly use.Tday，space technlgies are widely used in all kinds f industries，and everyday prducts such as GPS，memry fam pillws，and smartphne cameras are changing ur lives.
Finally，sending astrnauts int space has helped peple t think abut the wrld’s prblems and even t find ways t slve them.Seeing pictures f ur planet as an island in a black sea made peple realise that ur planet’s resurces are limited6.In rder t prvide fr such a rapidly increasing ppulatin，scientists are trying t find ther planets that culd ne day be ur new hme.The greatest attentin at present is n Mars because it is clser t Earth.In the future，humans may live n bth planets.
In clsing7，explring space prvides the wrld with many different benefits.Therefre，it shuld cntinue s as t prvide new and better slutins t peple’s shrt-term and lng-term prblems.(选自人教版新教材必修第三册 UNIT 4)
1．fatal /'feɪtl/ adj.致命的；灾难性的
2．shallw /'ʃæləʊ/ adj.肤浅的；浅的
3．pattern /'pætn/ n．模式；图案；模范
4．analysis /ə'næləsɪs/ n．(pl.analyses /ə'næləsiːz/)(对事物的)分析；分析结果
5．mnitr /'mɒnɪtə(r)/ n．监视器；监测仪vt.监视；监测；监控
6．limited /'lɪmɪtɪd/ adj.有限的
7．in clsing最后
1．Hwever，thers feel this is a shallw view which fails t realise hw explring space helps us.
然而，另一部分人觉得这是一种肤浅的观点，没有认识到探索太空给我们带来的好处。
[句式分析] which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a shallw view。hw explring space helps us为宾语从句。
2．Secndly，space explratin has already prmted technlgical imprvements that benefit us all.
其次，太空探索推动了科技进步，使全人类受益。
[句式分析] 句中that benefit us all为定语从句，修饰先行词technlgical imprvements。
3．Seeing pictures f ur planet as an island in a black sea made peple realise that ur planet’s resurces are limited.
看着我们地球的照片，犹如黑色汪洋大海中的一个小岛，人们意识到地球上的资源是有限的。
[句式分析] 句中Seeing pictures f ur planet as an island in a black sea为动名词短语作主语，made peple realise为“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，that ur planet’s resurces are limited为宾语从句。
Perid One Welcme t the unit Reading—Cmprehending
Learning Aims(学习目标)
1．Learn sme new wrds
2．Grasp the general idea f the passage(重点难点)
3．Learn sme imprtant sentences(重点难点)
阅读下列课文原句，写出句中加黑词汇的汉语意思
1．Due t the near absence f gravity in space，we have t attach urselves s that we dn’t flat arund.缺乏，不存在 重力，地球引力
2．We usually sleep in private quarters，which are mre like large cupbards，r in sleeping bags attached t the walls r the ceiling.壁橱；橱柜；衣柜 天花板
3．Creatures such as mice，fish and msquites have als been sent t the statin！
动物，生物 蚊子
4．First，we put n ur spacesuits，which allw us t breathe in space and prtect us frm expsure t the cld and radiatin.面临，遭受 辐射，放射线
5．Spending sme time in the gym is f vital imprtance t astrnauts’ health.
必不可少的，对……极重要的 宇航员，航天员
Task 1 宏观架构 整体理解
Ⅰ.Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
Ⅱ.The main idea f the passage is the authr’s life n a space statin.
Task 2 微观剖析 细节把握
1．Hw lng did the authr stay n a space statin?
A．Six mnths. B．Five mnths.
C．A year. D．Three mnths.
答案 A
2．Why d the astrnauts attach themselves in space?
A．Because they like t sleep in the way in space.
B．Because there is enugh xygen in space.
C．Because they like t flat arund in space.
D．Because they are afraid f flating arund due t the near absence f gravity in space.
答案 D
3．Which animal hasn’t been sent t the statin?
A．Muse. B．Fish.
C．Frg. D．Msquit.
答案 C
4．Frm the passage we can infer that .
A．spacewalking is as exciting as yu think
B．it’s easy t get fresh fd in space
C．testing new equipment is the mst challenging wrk in space
D．the astrnauts’ spacesuits can prtect them frm the cld and radiatin
答案 D
5．What’s the meaning f the phrase “g by” in the last paragraph?
A．Pass. B．Die.
C．Fly. D．Disappear.
答案 A
Task 3 读后升华 思维品质
Activity 1 词汇学习——词族
这篇演讲记录中使用了很多下面表格中的词。用同一个词族中的词完成表格，然后想出更多的词族。
答案 (略)
Activity 2 美句欣赏——提升连贯性的代词
这篇演讲记录中使用了诸如it，that，they 等代词来提升连贯性。请找出使用了这些代词的句子并欣赏背诵。
答案：
1．My six-mnth stay n a space statin has cme t an end，and it has been a challenging but magical adventure.
2．I bet yu’d lve t knw what daily life is like up in space and hw it differs frm that n the Earth—the lw gravity definitely makes rdinary things strange!
3．The rutine tasks that ccupy mst f the day are demanding，but they can als be extremely rewarding.
4．Hpefully，it will cast new light n the Earth’s climate and lead t better lightning prtectin.
5．Salt and pepper are nly in liquid frm，s that they will nt flat away and blck the air pipes.
Activity 3 文本讨论
1．What d yu think f daily life n a space statin？Use details frm the lecture transcript t supprt yur pinin.
2．At the end f the lecture，what questins wuld yu like t ask the astrnaut?
3．What qualities d yu think are needed t becme an astrnaut?
译文：试着背部没有压力入睡是奇怪的，但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。
译文：占用了一天里大部分时间的日常工作要求很高，但是也会非常有意义。
译文：虽然地球的景色十分壮观，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。
课文语法填空
My six-mnth stay n a space statin is a 1.challenging (challenge) but magical adventure.The daily life there fr the astrnauts differs frm 2.that n the Earth.Due t the near absence f gravity in space，we have t attach urselves 3.s that we dn’t flat arund.
The rutine tasks 4.ccupying (ccupy) mst f the day are demanding but 5.extremely(extreme) rewarding.Fr a spacewalk，we have t put n ur spacesuits,6.which can prtect us frm expsure t the cld and radiatin.Meanwhile，eating is als different in space.It’s a luxury 7.t eat(eat) fresh fd and we must drink water r any ther liquids ut f a bag thrugh a thin tube f plastic.At the same time，spending sme time in the gym is f vital 8.imprtance (imprtant) t ur health.We have t be tied nt specially designed exercise equipment t stp urselves frm flating arund.What we like mst 9.is(be)t sit back with the rest f the crew and watch the planet g by，taking pictures fr ur family and friends back hme.T ur delight，we get t see the sunrise every 90 10.minutes (minute)．In cnclusin，all the challenges f life in space seem wrth it.
课时跟踪练一
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Step int Mving t Mars，an exhibitin f the Mars missin and clny design at Lndn’s Design Museum，and immediately yu have gd reasns nt t mve there.
Frightening glwing wall-texts annunce that Mars wasn’t made fr yu；that there is n life and precius little water；that，dressed in a spacesuit，yu will never tuch，taste r smell the planet yu nw call “hme”．As Lisa Grssman wrte fr New Scientist a cuple f years ag，“What’s different abut Mars is that there is nthing t d there except try nt t die.”
It is an dd beginning fr such a celebratry exhibitin，but it prvides a valuable，dark backgrund against which the rest f the shw can sparkle(闪耀) —a shw that is，as its chief manager Justin remarks，“nt abut Mars；this is an exhibitin abut peple”．
Mving alng，there is a quick yet clear flash thrugh what the science-fictin writer Rbinsn calls“the histry f Mars in the human mind”．A Babylnian clay tablet and a Greek vase speak t early ideas abut the planet.A pster fr the riginal Ttal Recall film reminds us f Mars’ psychlgical threat.
The main part f the shw is ur current plans fr the Red Planet.There are real spacesuits and mdels f 3D-printed Martian settlements and suitable clthing and furniture.Missin architectures and engineering sketches line the walls.Real hammers meant fr the Internatinal Space Statin are wall-munted beside a lw-gravity table that has yet t leave，and may indeed never leave Earth.
This，f curse，is the great strength f appraching science thrugh design：reality and assumptin can be given equal visual weight，drawing us int an infrmed cnversatin abut what it is that we actually want frm a future n Mars.
1．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Hw t mve t Mars.
B．Hw t survive n Mars.
C．What preparatins we made fr Mars.
D．What the exhibitin f the Mars missin truly tells us.
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。根据第一段以及文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了伦敦设计博物馆的火星任务和移民地设计展览“搬到火星”的基本情况。故选D。
2．What can we learn frm Lisa Grssman?
A．It’s impssible t live n Mars.
B．It’s n gd settling n Mars.
C．Yu have nthing t d living n Mars.
D．Yu can live n Mars in a spacesuit.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，在火星上生活是不可能的。故选A。
3．What des the exhibitin fcus n?
A．The current plans fr Mars.
B．The advantages f living n Mars.
C．The early ideas abut Mars.
D．The histry f Mars in the human mind.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第五段首句可知展览的重点是关于火星目前的计划。故选A。
B
What’s a spacewalk? Any time an astrnaut gets ut f a spacecraft while in space，it is called a spacewalk.Astrnauts g n spacewalks fr many reasns.Fr example，experiments can be placed n the utside f a spacecraft.This lets scientists learn hw being in space affects different things.By ging n spacewalks，astrnauts can als fix certain things instead f bringing them back t the earth t fix.
When astrnauts g n spacewalks，they wear spacesuits t keep themselves safe.Inside spacesuits，astrnauts have the xygen they need t breathe and the water they need t drink.T keep the astrnauts and the spacecraft safe，the astrnauts must leave and g back t the spacecraft thrugh a special dr.When n a spacewalk，astrnauts use safety tethers t stay clse t their spacecraft，which cnnect the spacewalkers with the spacecraft.They keep astrnauts frm flating away int space.Anther way astrnauts stay safe during spacewalks is by wearing a SAFER.SAFER is wrn like a backpack.It helps an astrnaut mve arund in space.
Hw d astrnauts train fr spacewalks? One way is by ging fr a swim.Flating in space is a lt like flating in water.Astrnauts practice spacewalks underwater in a huge special swimming pl.Fr every ne hur they will spend n a spacewalk，astrnauts need t train seven hurs in the pl.Anther way astrnauts practice fr a spacewalk is by using virtual reality(虚拟现实)．It lks and feels just like a spacewalk.
Tday，nly three cuntries have finished spacewalks independently.They are Russia，the United States and China.The first persn t g n a spacewalk in the wrld was Alexei Lenv frm Russia.Zhai Zhigang is the first Chinese astrnaut t g n a spacewalk.The wrld recrd f spacewalks is held by Russian astrnaut Anatly Slvyev.He has been n 16 spacewalks and spent mre than 82 hurs utside in space.
4．What can an astrnaut d by ging n a spacewalk?
A．Fix different bjects.
B．Cllect any things he wants.
C．Carry ut an experiment.
D．Study hw things change in space.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Astrnauts g n spacewalks fr many reasns.Fr example，experiments can be placed n the utside f a spacecraft.This lets scientists learn hw being in space affects different things.”可知，宇航员进行太空行走能进行实验。故选C。
5．What des the underlined wrd “tethers” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Special rpes. B．Spacesuits.
C．Spacecraft. D．Special backpacks.
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。根据后文“which cnnect the spacewalkers with the spacecraft”可知，tethers是连接太空行走者和宇宙飞船的，结合选项可推测tethers是指一种特殊的绳子。故选A。
6．What can we learn frm the last tw paragraphs?
A．Walking in space is as easy as ging swimming.
B．A virtual reality shuld be used in a spacewalk.
C．Only three cuntries have ever tried spacewalks.
D．Russia keeps the wrld recrd f spacewalks.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The wrld recrd f spacewalks is held by Russian astrnaut Anatly Slvyev.He has been n 16 spacewalks and spent mre than 82 hurs utside in space.”可知，俄罗斯保持着太空行走的世界纪录。故选D。
7．Where is this passage mst likely frm?
A．A diary. B．A magazine.
C．A nvel. D．A guidebk.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“What’s a spacewalk? Any time an astrnaut gets ut f a spacecraft while in space，it is called a spacewalk.”可知，文章属于科学知识类，结合选项可知最有可能来自一本杂志。故选B。
C
Space is the final frntier(前沿)．Sending rckets int space has becme almst cmmn.The demand fr cmmunicatins satellites and space-based image services is grwing.
Tday，space effrts cst abut $200 billin a year.Jint effrts between gvernments and businesses are helping t lwer csts and increase ur understanding f the universe.
The business f space lks gd fr Orbital ATK，a cmpany based in the United States.In January，the cmpany launched its Antares rcket.The rcket was carrying the first f eight planned supply shipments t the Internatinal Space Statin.Orbital ATK is ne f the tw American cmpanies paid by NASA t transprt supplies t the space statin.
A cmpany called Arianespace is a private Eurpean space business.Claytn Nwry heads the American divisin f the cmpany.He says the increase in rcket launches is partly the result f increased demand fr space-based technlgies.These include high-definitin(高清的) bradcasts and satellite bradband services.
While there is mre demand fr satellites，the end f NASA’s Space Shuttle prgram in 2011 has hurt the space industry.Janice Starzyk wrks at Internatinal Launch Services.She wrks n educatin issues at the Washingtn Space Business Rundtable.She said，“It’s a pity that the prgram’s shutdwn was a huge，huge set f lay-ffs(下岗人员) in the industry.”
But even as NASA reduces its spending，ther cuntries have annunced plans t explre space.In December 2013，China became just the third cuntry t land an unmanned space vehicle n the mn.A mnth later，India sent its first cmmunicatins satellite.
8．What makes sending rckets int space becme very usual?
A．Mre and mre peple wanting t explre space.
B．Space becming human’s final hme and dream.
C．Cmpanies making every effrt t earn $ 200 billin a year.
D．Increasing need fr cmmunicatins satellites and space-based image services.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Sending rckets int space has becme almst cmmn.The demand fr cmmunicatins satellites and space-based image services is grwing.”这两句的逻辑关系可知，是有了这一需求，才使得人类向太空发射火箭变得普遍，综上所述本题选D。
9．Why are gvernments and businesses wrking tgether?
A．T earn mre mney frm space prjects.
B．T send mre rckets int space and use them.
C．T prduce mre cmmunicatins satellites fr the public.
D．T keep csts dwn and help us learn mre abut the universe.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，政商合作，共同努力，正助力太空探索降低成本费用，同时提高(我们人类)对于宇宙的认识理解。故选D。
10．What d we knw abut Orbital ATK?
A．It’s a private Eurpean space business.
B．It sent its Antares rcket in January.
C．It’s a cmpany based in the United Kingdm.
D．It’s the nly American cmpany paid by NASA.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。第三段整段介绍了该公司，根据第三段中的“In January，the cmpany launched its Antares rcket.”可知，其在一月份发射了Antares火箭，B项时间和内容均与原文契合。故选B。
11．Hw may Janice Starzyk feel abut the prgram’s shutdwn?
A．Hpeful. B．Cntent.
C．Regretful. D．Uninterested.
答案 C
解析 观点态度题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，她认为项目的终止对于航天工业来说是一个遗憾，而且导致了这一行业一系列的下岗潮，句中的关键词为pity(遗憾)，对应regretful(遗憾的，惋惜的)。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
The ability t stay psitive is ne f the mst imprtant skills fr us.Why is this? The reasn is that we will spend mst f ur lives setting and trying t achieve gals.Everyne has dreams.Everyne wants t knw deep dwn inside that they were put here t d smething great. 1 The secnd yu set a gal，difficulties will begin t appear t stand in yur way.Mst peple let these challenges rb them f the life they really want.
If yu want t achieve greatness，if yu want t experience the best life pssible，then be prepared t get kncked dwn ver and ver. 2 This explains why there are s many peple wh have stpped trying t reach their dreams.
S hw d yu remain psitive regardless f what type f challenge yu are facing? It all cmes dwn t hw yu chse t respnd t any situatin as well as what yu decide t fcus n.N matter hw bad yur situatin is，yu can always find smething gd in it. 3
If yu keep fcusing n hw bad yu have it，hw are things suppsed t get any better? 4 Of curse it is.If this is true，why even bther thinking psitively? That is because if yu d，yu have a chance t make things better.If yu dn’t，things will usually get a lt wrse.
Realize that challenges are part f life. 5 It’s what makes reaching a gal wrth it.If yu were able t get everything yu wanted withut even trying，the victry wuldn’t taste as sweet.
A．Everyne will have t g thrugh them.
B．Staying psitive can be beneficial in many ways.
C．Staying psitive during situatins like this is nt easy.
D．Yu can d things like reading psitive bks r listening t psitive sngs.
E．Is it pssible t be psitive and still have yur circumstances get even wrse?
F．Hwever，the prblem is that life is tugh.
G．S what yu can d is start fcusing n what is gd.
1．答案 F
解析 设空处与前句是转折关系，虽然每个人都有目标，但生活中的困难会让我们的目标难以实现。设空处后一句印证了这一点。故F项符合上下文语境。
2．答案 C
解析 根据设空处后句“This explains why there are s many peple wh have stpped trying t reach their dreams.”可知，当人们遇见困难的时候很难保持乐观。故C项符合上下文语境。
3．答案 G
解析 根据设空处前句“N matter hw bad yur situatin is，yu can always find smething gd in it.”可知，无论情况多么糟糕，你总能找到其中好的方面。找到积极的方面以后，我们要多关注这些积极的因素。故G项符合上下文语境。
4．答案 E
解析 根据设空处后句“Of curse it is.”可知，此句是对设空处的肯定回答。设空处应为一个一般疑问句，选项中只有E项为一般疑问句。故选E。
5．答案 A
解析 设空处前句“Realize that challenges are part f life.”告诉我们，挑战是生活的一部分，没有人可以避开它。A项“Everyne will have t g thrugh them.”承接上文，符合语境。Verbs
Nuns
Adjectives
Adverbs
adventure
differ
definitely
rewarding
remarkable
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了伦敦设计博物馆的火星任务和移民地设计展览“搬到火星”的基本情况。
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空行走。解释了进行太空行走的原因、太空行走的流程和宇航员是如何进行太空行走训练的。最后提到了只有俄罗斯、美国和中国这三个国家独立完成了太空行走。
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文，主要就“太空探索”这一话题展开相关内容的介绍，包括太空科技的发展、值得一提的相关公司、太空探索所遭遇的停滞和继续前行。
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，强调了在生活中保持积极态度的重要性，并提出了保持积极态度的建议。
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