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高中英语牛津译林版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 2 Out of this worldGrammar and usage优质导学案及答案
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这是一份高中英语牛津译林版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 2 Out of this worldGrammar and usage优质导学案及答案，共10页。学案主要包含了定义，主语从句的连接词及其句法功能，主语从句中应注意的问题等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Period Three Grammar and usage
Learning Aims(学习目标)
1．Learn grammar—Subject clauses(重点难点)
2．Learn the following language point：depend on(重点难点)
Activity 1 读文探究
阅读教材P20的一段短文，探究并找出下表中的主语从句。
that
That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than groundbased telescopes，and it allows scientists to learn more about the universe.
whether
Whether life on other planets does exist is yet to be proved，but the signs are promising...
it
It is clear that telescopes are crucial tools for space exploration and that developing the required technology will help astronomers all over the world make exciting discoveries.
how much
How much we will learn from the telescopes is merely limited by our imagination.
Activity 2 感悟规律
1．当从句陈述一个事实时，我们可以使用 that 来引导一个主语从句。
2．当从句是一个表示是否的问题时，我们可以使用 whether 来引导一个主语从句。
3．当主语从句很长时，可用 it 作形式主语。
4．当从句是表示程度的问题时，我们可以使用 how much 来引导一个主语从句。
Activity 3 语法精析
一、定义
在主从复合句中充当主语的从句即为主语从句。
What made people excited was that the solar ship had completed aroundtheworld trip.
让人们激动的是太阳能飞艇已完成了环游世界的旅行。
It worried the astronaut that her niece was always playing computer games.
侄女一直在玩电脑游戏，这让这个宇航员很担心。
二、主语从句的连接词及其句法功能
1．连接词that和whether/if
(1)that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，本身无任何意义，只起连接作用，但不可省略。
That the astronomers survived the accident in the circumstances is a miracle.
在这种情况下，天文学家们在事故中幸免于难简直是个奇迹。
(2)whether/if在从句中不充当任何句子成分，起连接作用，意为“是否”，不可省略。
Whether the radiation will be controlled is still unknown.
＝It is still unknown if/whether the radiation will be controlled.
辐射是否会得到控制还不知道。
[名师点津] whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面需用it作形式主语。
2．连接代词(who，whose，whom，what，which，whichever，whoever，whomever，whatever等)
连接代词引导主语从句，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
Whichever (of you) comes in first will be admitted by this agency.
无论(你们)谁先进来都将被这家机构录取。
Who will be in charge of the administration is plain to see.
谁将负责这个行政部门是显而易见的。
Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others.
无论你在业余时间做什么都不应该伤害其他人。
[名师点津] who 引导的主语从句表示一件“事情”，而whoever引导的主语从句指“人”。
3．连接副词(when，where，how，why等)
连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语。
How this mission was solved is not clear to anyone.
这个任务是怎么解决的，谁也不清楚。
When we will have a meeting is an important question.
我们何时举行会议是个重要的问题。
Where the treasure was buried is still a puzzle.
财宝埋在哪里仍然是个谜。
[名师点津] 名词性从句引导词的确定步骤：
(1)分析句式结构，明确名词性从句在句中的功能；
(2)明确名词性从句所表达的意义；
(3)明确名词性从句中所需要的成分及意义；
(4)确定从句的引导词。
三、主语从句中用it作形式主语的结构
1．It＋be＋形容词(vital，obvious，true，natural，strange，etc.)＋主语从句
It is vital that he should know about this.
他应该知道此事是重要的。
[名师点津] 在“It＋be＋形容词＋主语从句”结构中，若形容词为vital/important/
necessary/strange等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should) do”。
2．It＋be＋名词词组(no wonder，an honour，a pity，a/no surprise，etc.)＋主语从句
It’s a pity that playing computer games has occupied too much of his time.
很遗憾玩电脑游戏占了他太多的时间。
3．It＋be＋过去分词(suggested，said，reported，thought，expected，proved，etc.)＋主语从句
It is suggested that the foundation should be set up to collect enough money.
有人建议应建立基金会来筹钱。
[名师点津] 在“It＋be＋过去分词＋主语从句”结构中，过去分词若为suggested/ordered/
required/advised等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should) do”。
4．It＋不及物动词(happen，seem，appear，remain，etc.)＋主语从句
It seems that it is going to rain.
看起来好像要下雨。
5．It＋及物动词＋宾语＋主语从句
It surprised him why they came to visit him suddenly.
让他吃惊的是他们为什么突然来看他。
四、主语从句中应注意的问题
1．从句要用陈述语序
What we will do next should be decided.
应该决定我们下一步该做什么。
2．主谓一致
(1)从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式。
Where he will get a job after graduation has bothered him much.
毕业后到哪儿找份工作使他很烦恼。
[名师点津] what引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语动词应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。
What the school needs most are books.
这所学校最需要的是书。
(2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。
When and where the movie will be shown is not clear.
这部影片何时何地上映还不清楚。
Whether they are able to grow more vegetables in space depends on how much time it takes.(教材P21)
depend on/upon 依靠；依赖；指望
depend on/upon sb.to do sth.依靠某人做某事
depend on/upon sb.’s doing sth.相信/指望某人做某事
depend on/upon sb.for sth.靠某人供给某物
depend on/upon it that...相信/指望……
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①Depending on/upon the kind of race you plan to enter，you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.
②Neither having a car nor knowing the city，I was depending on/upon a couple of buses to get me from one place to another.
③You can depend on/upon it that such a boring thing will never happen again.
[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending(depend) on what the person says.
②As some of these actors could not sing well enough，they had to depend on other musicians to help(help) them.
③You may depend on/upon it that she can earn her living.
你可以放心，她可以自食其力。
Ⅰ.用适当的连接词完成下面短文
Everyone knew 1.that Wendy was a famous writer，but no one knew 2.where she came from and 3.whether she was born in 1961 was still a mystery.4.What they did know was 5.that she was loved by poor people because she always helped 6.whoever was in need of money.Wendy was generous and helpful，but some people thought she was chasing fame.Wendy said she didn’t understand 7.why they were so narrowminded，but it didn’t matter 8.what others thought of her.She just wanted to do 9.what(ever) she thought was right.I think that is 10.where the meaning of life lies.
Ⅱ.完成教材P21 B部分
课时跟踪练三
基础巩固
Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空
1．How the mission was done was a permanent mystery.
2．Why John was late for the class is plain to see.
3．Which part of the territory he will make his way to needs discussing.
4．Where/When the English Evening will be held has not yet been decided.
5．What bothers me most is that he is too proud to take part in it.
6．Whoever is interested in the activity can sign their names.
7．Who will be in charge of the company is being discussed.
8．Whether the astronomers will hold a party tomorrow depends on the weather.
9．Where cars will be parked in the future is a question.
10．It is very important that a student(should)learn English well.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．It is obvious that the video turns out splendid.
很明显视频是极好的。
2．What impressed us most was your art skills，in which you showed outstanding talent.
给我们印象最深的是你那展示了你的杰出才能的艺术技巧。
3．What surprises us most is that the water can remain at that temperature for about twenty hours.
让我们最吃惊的是，水能保持那个温度大约20个小时。
4．That the film star will come to our city has excited every one of us.
这个电影明星将来我们市使我们每个人感到兴奋。
5．Whether she is coming or not doesn’t bother me too much.
她是否会来我都不太在意。
能力提升
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
Modern day robots may not be as entertaining as R2D2 or the robot from Lost in Space，but robots are very important to space exploration and are being used in a variety of different ways for several important reasons.
Robots make great explorers on planets，moons，and other landing areas.Aside from the earth，just about every surface in the solar system is unsafe for humans to explore.The air on most other planets is insufficient for humans to breathe，making it necessary to wear a spacesuit and oxygen equipment.The temperatures on these surfaces are much too hot or much too cold for any humans to withstand.Plus there would be complications with radiation，weather，and a lack of gravity.Robots have much less limitation in these areas and can survive much longer under these conditions.
Robots are designed for collecting scientific data.Robots are also able to perform many tasks at one time and can process information much quicker and more efficiently.Important scientific projects from detecting minerals，analyzing ground samples，to finding water are all performed much quicker and accurately by robots.
The use of robots has made the cost of space exploration much less expensive than it would cost for humans to do the work.In order to successfully send humans into space we would need to build a vehicle that can not only carry humans，but also enough food and water to keep them alive for the duration of the trip.Moreover，robots have no problems working for hours on end.Robots never complain，they don’t require food or water，and they never need a bathroom break.
Over the past 30 years or so there have been many different types of robots used successfully in the exploration of space.Perhaps the most famous and successful robots are Spirit and Opportunity who have both been exploring the surface of Mars.They have both been very successful with experiments on soil and rocks and have even found evidence of water in Mars’ history.
1．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．The Development of Robots
B．The Discovery of Space Exploration
C．No Robots，No Space Exploration
D．Robots Are Used in Space Exploration
答案 D
解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“...but robots are very important to space exploration and are being used in a variety of different ways for several important reasons.”并结合下文可知，本文主要介绍了机器人正运用于太空探索，故D项正确。
2．According to the passage，which of the following is NOT true?
A．The use of robots in space exploration costs more than the use of humans.
B．It is dangerous for humans to explore other surfaces in the solar system except the earth.
C．Both Spirit and Opportunity have found the evidence of water on Mars.
D．Many different types of robots have explored the space successfully.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段首句“The use of robots has made the cost of space exploration much less expensive than it would cost for humans to do the work.”可知，用机器人进行太空探索比人类从事这项工作花费更少，故选A项。
3．The underlined word “withstand” in Paragraph 2 most probably means “ ”．
A．remain B．bear
C．defeat D．develop
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“The temperatures on these surfaces are much too hot or much too cold for any humans to withstand.”可知，温度太高或太低，人类都无法忍受，可知画线词词义为“忍受”，故B项正确。
4．What is the writer’s attitude in this passage?
A．Negative. B．Persuasive.
C．Subjective. D．Objective.
答案 D
解析 观点态度题。纵观全文可知，作者只是客观地介绍了机器人在太空探索中的应用，并没有带任何感情色彩，故D项正确。
B
From the first use of the rocket to carry satellites into space to the setting up of space stations，human beings have been putting great effort into space research.And so far，we have achieved many successes.But there are still numerous tasks in front of us and we should not stop trying to progress.
The International Space Station(ISS) is an important step we should take in space exploration.It is not only helpful but also essential.It provides a proper space environment for many experiments that we have wanted to do for a long time.It is also a base for the observations of the earth and the universe.It could also be an important base for later travel to the moon and Mars.In a word，if we want to explore space more，the first thing we should do is to set up a space station.
As the space station costs a lot of money，it is hard for one country alone to establish one.The USA seems to be the only country that has the ability to build a space station alone，and it has tried to do so，but not very successful.So it aggregated many other countries to work on it together.Though it is still extremely expensive，it is much cheaper than doing it alone.It is really a job that needs everyone’s effort and will benefit everyone.
Led by the US and Russia，the ISS is a joint project between six space agencies involving 16 countries.Called the greatest achievement in human cooperation，the ISS has come to the end of a tenyear’s hard work in construction.China has applied for participation in the project many times.Unfortunately all the applications were rejected，which drove China onto the path of independent development.As the Long March ⅡF/T1 carrier rocket blasted off and successfully carried Tiangong1 into space on September 29,2011，China took a big step towards its Space Station Era.
Some West media suggested that the successful launch of Tiangong1 would disturb the balance of global space power，raising concerns about “China threat”．China’s space project is not designed for military purpose but for developing space technology to explore space resources and make use of them for mankind’s wellbeing.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，讲述了国际空间站对人类探索太空起着非常重要的作用。国际空间站造价很高。现有的国际空间站是在美国和俄罗斯的领导下，由六个太空机构参与的一个联合项目，涉及16个国家。中国因多次申请参加该项目被拒而走上了独立发展的道路。
5．From Paragraph 2 we learn that .
A．the necessity of building the International Space Station is not realized now
B．many experiments have been done in the International Space Station
C．the International Space Station is necessary for people to explore space more
D．people have travelled to Mars from the International Space Station
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。由第二段前两句和第二段最后一句“In a word，if we want to explore space more，the first thing we should do is to set up a space station.”可推断出，第二段讲述了国际空间站对于人们更多地探索太空是很有必要的。故选C项。
6．The underlined word “aggregated” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by “ ”．
A．united B．scolded
C．allowed D．forbade
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。由第三段第一句和第三段中的“So it aggregated many other countries to work on it together.”可知，单靠一个国家建空间站是很难的，需要许多国家联合起来。由此可推知，画线词在此处意为“联合，团结”。故选A项。
7．Which of the following is NOT a reason for countries’ cooperation in building the International Space Station?
A．That it requires a lot of money.
B．That it needs everyone’s effort.
C．That it will benefit every participating country.
D．That it is too far away from the earth.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。由第三段第一句“As the space station costs a lot of money，it is hard for one country alone to establish one.”和第三段最后一句“It is really a job that needs everyone’s effort and will benefit everyone.”可知，A、B、C三项正确，只有D项未提及。故选D项。
8．China wants to build its space station in order to .
A．break the balance of global space power
B．show that China can build space station alone
C．raise international concerns about “China threat”
D．make use of space peacefully for mankind’s wellbeing
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。由最后一段最后一句可知，中国建空间站的目的是和平利用太空造福人类。故选D项。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Astronomy is the oldest science 1. (know) to man.Thousands of years ago man looked at the stars and wondered about the heavens.But man was 2. (limit) by the six planets that he could see only 3. his eyes alone.The Greeks studied astronomy over 2,000 years ago.They could see the size，colour，and 4. (bright) of a star.They could see its place in the sky.They watched the stars 5. (move) as the seasons changed.But the Greeks had no tools to help themselves study the heavens.Each new tool added to the field of astronomy helped man reach out into space.Man knew a little about the moon 6. there were telescopes.
He did not know that the planet called Saturn had 7. (ring) around it.His sight was
8. limited that he could not see all the planets.In the early 1700s，people thought there were only six planets.Before the spectroscope，man did not know what kind of gases 9. (be) around the sun or other stars.Without the radiotelescope，we did not know that radio noises came from far in space.Today，astronomy is a 10. (grow) science.We have learned more in the last fifty years than in the whole history of astronomy.
1．答案 known
解析 考查过去分词。the oldest science是know动作的承受者，故用过去分词known作定语，表示被动。故填known。
2．答案 limited
解析 考查被动语态。根据句意可知此处为被动语态，be limited by被……所限制。故填limited。
3．答案 with
解析 考查介词。用眼睛观察应用介词“with”。故填with。
4．答案 brightness
解析 考查名词。分析句子可知此处为and连接的三个并列的名词，brightness“亮度”。故填brightness。
5．答案 move
解析 考查非谓语动词。理解句意可知，本空并非表示看着星星正在移动，而是观看移动的整个过程，watch后跟省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。故填move。
6．答案 until
解析 考查连词。理解句意可知，此处应用until引导时间状语从句，故填until。
7．答案 rings
解析 考查名词复数。根据常识可知，土星有土星环，而且不止一个，故用名词ring“环行物”的复数形式。故填rings。
8．答案 so
解析 考查连词。根据句意结合空后的形容词limited可知，此处考查结果状语从句：so＋adj./adv.＋that从句。故填so。
9．答案 was
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。主句的时态是过去时，而且句子的主语是kind of gases，根据of前的kind确定从句谓语动词的单复数，故用一般过去时was。故填was。
10．答案 growing
解析 考查形容词。根据句意可知此处应用形容词作定语修饰science，growing表示“正在成长的”。故填growing。
Period Three Grammar and usage
Learning Aims(学习目标)
1．Learn grammar—Subject clauses(重点难点)
2．Learn the following language point：depend on(重点难点)
Activity 1 读文探究
阅读教材P20的一段短文，探究并找出下表中的主语从句。
that
That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than groundbased telescopes，and it allows scientists to learn more about the universe.
whether
Whether life on other planets does exist is yet to be proved，but the signs are promising...
it
It is clear that telescopes are crucial tools for space exploration and that developing the required technology will help astronomers all over the world make exciting discoveries.
how much
How much we will learn from the telescopes is merely limited by our imagination.
Activity 2 感悟规律
1．当从句陈述一个事实时，我们可以使用 that 来引导一个主语从句。
2．当从句是一个表示是否的问题时，我们可以使用 whether 来引导一个主语从句。
3．当主语从句很长时，可用 it 作形式主语。
4．当从句是表示程度的问题时，我们可以使用 how much 来引导一个主语从句。
Activity 3 语法精析
一、定义
在主从复合句中充当主语的从句即为主语从句。
What made people excited was that the solar ship had completed aroundtheworld trip.
让人们激动的是太阳能飞艇已完成了环游世界的旅行。
It worried the astronaut that her niece was always playing computer games.
侄女一直在玩电脑游戏，这让这个宇航员很担心。
二、主语从句的连接词及其句法功能
1．连接词that和whether/if
(1)that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，本身无任何意义，只起连接作用，但不可省略。
That the astronomers survived the accident in the circumstances is a miracle.
在这种情况下，天文学家们在事故中幸免于难简直是个奇迹。
(2)whether/if在从句中不充当任何句子成分，起连接作用，意为“是否”，不可省略。
Whether the radiation will be controlled is still unknown.
＝It is still unknown if/whether the radiation will be controlled.
辐射是否会得到控制还不知道。
[名师点津] whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面需用it作形式主语。
2．连接代词(who，whose，whom，what，which，whichever，whoever，whomever，whatever等)
连接代词引导主语从句，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
Whichever (of you) comes in first will be admitted by this agency.
无论(你们)谁先进来都将被这家机构录取。
Who will be in charge of the administration is plain to see.
谁将负责这个行政部门是显而易见的。
Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others.
无论你在业余时间做什么都不应该伤害其他人。
[名师点津] who 引导的主语从句表示一件“事情”，而whoever引导的主语从句指“人”。
3．连接副词(when，where，how，why等)
连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语。
How this mission was solved is not clear to anyone.
这个任务是怎么解决的，谁也不清楚。
When we will have a meeting is an important question.
我们何时举行会议是个重要的问题。
Where the treasure was buried is still a puzzle.
财宝埋在哪里仍然是个谜。
[名师点津] 名词性从句引导词的确定步骤：
(1)分析句式结构，明确名词性从句在句中的功能；
(2)明确名词性从句所表达的意义；
(3)明确名词性从句中所需要的成分及意义；
(4)确定从句的引导词。
三、主语从句中用it作形式主语的结构
1．It＋be＋形容词(vital，obvious，true，natural，strange，etc.)＋主语从句
It is vital that he should know about this.
他应该知道此事是重要的。
[名师点津] 在“It＋be＋形容词＋主语从句”结构中，若形容词为vital/important/
necessary/strange等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should) do”。
2．It＋be＋名词词组(no wonder，an honour，a pity，a/no surprise，etc.)＋主语从句
It’s a pity that playing computer games has occupied too much of his time.
很遗憾玩电脑游戏占了他太多的时间。
3．It＋be＋过去分词(suggested，said，reported，thought，expected，proved，etc.)＋主语从句
It is suggested that the foundation should be set up to collect enough money.
有人建议应建立基金会来筹钱。
[名师点津] 在“It＋be＋过去分词＋主语从句”结构中，过去分词若为suggested/ordered/
required/advised等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should) do”。
4．It＋不及物动词(happen，seem，appear，remain，etc.)＋主语从句
It seems that it is going to rain.
看起来好像要下雨。
5．It＋及物动词＋宾语＋主语从句
It surprised him why they came to visit him suddenly.
让他吃惊的是他们为什么突然来看他。
四、主语从句中应注意的问题
1．从句要用陈述语序
What we will do next should be decided.
应该决定我们下一步该做什么。
2．主谓一致
(1)从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式。
Where he will get a job after graduation has bothered him much.
毕业后到哪儿找份工作使他很烦恼。
[名师点津] what引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语动词应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。
What the school needs most are books.
这所学校最需要的是书。
(2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。
When and where the movie will be shown is not clear.
这部影片何时何地上映还不清楚。
Whether they are able to grow more vegetables in space depends on how much time it takes.(教材P21)
depend on/upon 依靠；依赖；指望
depend on/upon sb.to do sth.依靠某人做某事
depend on/upon sb.’s doing sth.相信/指望某人做某事
depend on/upon sb.for sth.靠某人供给某物
depend on/upon it that...相信/指望……
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①Depending on/upon the kind of race you plan to enter，you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.
②Neither having a car nor knowing the city，I was depending on/upon a couple of buses to get me from one place to another.
③You can depend on/upon it that such a boring thing will never happen again.
[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending(depend) on what the person says.
②As some of these actors could not sing well enough，they had to depend on other musicians to help(help) them.
③You may depend on/upon it that she can earn her living.
你可以放心，她可以自食其力。
Ⅰ.用适当的连接词完成下面短文
Everyone knew 1.that Wendy was a famous writer，but no one knew 2.where she came from and 3.whether she was born in 1961 was still a mystery.4.What they did know was 5.that she was loved by poor people because she always helped 6.whoever was in need of money.Wendy was generous and helpful，but some people thought she was chasing fame.Wendy said she didn’t understand 7.why they were so narrowminded，but it didn’t matter 8.what others thought of her.She just wanted to do 9.what(ever) she thought was right.I think that is 10.where the meaning of life lies.
Ⅱ.完成教材P21 B部分
课时跟踪练三
基础巩固
Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空
1．How the mission was done was a permanent mystery.
2．Why John was late for the class is plain to see.
3．Which part of the territory he will make his way to needs discussing.
4．Where/When the English Evening will be held has not yet been decided.
5．What bothers me most is that he is too proud to take part in it.
6．Whoever is interested in the activity can sign their names.
7．Who will be in charge of the company is being discussed.
8．Whether the astronomers will hold a party tomorrow depends on the weather.
9．Where cars will be parked in the future is a question.
10．It is very important that a student(should)learn English well.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．It is obvious that the video turns out splendid.
很明显视频是极好的。
2．What impressed us most was your art skills，in which you showed outstanding talent.
给我们印象最深的是你那展示了你的杰出才能的艺术技巧。
3．What surprises us most is that the water can remain at that temperature for about twenty hours.
让我们最吃惊的是，水能保持那个温度大约20个小时。
4．That the film star will come to our city has excited every one of us.
这个电影明星将来我们市使我们每个人感到兴奋。
5．Whether she is coming or not doesn’t bother me too much.
她是否会来我都不太在意。
能力提升
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
Modern day robots may not be as entertaining as R2D2 or the robot from Lost in Space，but robots are very important to space exploration and are being used in a variety of different ways for several important reasons.
Robots make great explorers on planets，moons，and other landing areas.Aside from the earth，just about every surface in the solar system is unsafe for humans to explore.The air on most other planets is insufficient for humans to breathe，making it necessary to wear a spacesuit and oxygen equipment.The temperatures on these surfaces are much too hot or much too cold for any humans to withstand.Plus there would be complications with radiation，weather，and a lack of gravity.Robots have much less limitation in these areas and can survive much longer under these conditions.
Robots are designed for collecting scientific data.Robots are also able to perform many tasks at one time and can process information much quicker and more efficiently.Important scientific projects from detecting minerals，analyzing ground samples，to finding water are all performed much quicker and accurately by robots.
The use of robots has made the cost of space exploration much less expensive than it would cost for humans to do the work.In order to successfully send humans into space we would need to build a vehicle that can not only carry humans，but also enough food and water to keep them alive for the duration of the trip.Moreover，robots have no problems working for hours on end.Robots never complain，they don’t require food or water，and they never need a bathroom break.
Over the past 30 years or so there have been many different types of robots used successfully in the exploration of space.Perhaps the most famous and successful robots are Spirit and Opportunity who have both been exploring the surface of Mars.They have both been very successful with experiments on soil and rocks and have even found evidence of water in Mars’ history.
1．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．The Development of Robots
B．The Discovery of Space Exploration
C．No Robots，No Space Exploration
D．Robots Are Used in Space Exploration
答案 D
解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“...but robots are very important to space exploration and are being used in a variety of different ways for several important reasons.”并结合下文可知，本文主要介绍了机器人正运用于太空探索，故D项正确。
2．According to the passage，which of the following is NOT true?
A．The use of robots in space exploration costs more than the use of humans.
B．It is dangerous for humans to explore other surfaces in the solar system except the earth.
C．Both Spirit and Opportunity have found the evidence of water on Mars.
D．Many different types of robots have explored the space successfully.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段首句“The use of robots has made the cost of space exploration much less expensive than it would cost for humans to do the work.”可知，用机器人进行太空探索比人类从事这项工作花费更少，故选A项。
3．The underlined word “withstand” in Paragraph 2 most probably means “ ”．
A．remain B．bear
C．defeat D．develop
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“The temperatures on these surfaces are much too hot or much too cold for any humans to withstand.”可知，温度太高或太低，人类都无法忍受，可知画线词词义为“忍受”，故B项正确。
4．What is the writer’s attitude in this passage?
A．Negative. B．Persuasive.
C．Subjective. D．Objective.
答案 D
解析 观点态度题。纵观全文可知，作者只是客观地介绍了机器人在太空探索中的应用，并没有带任何感情色彩，故D项正确。
B
From the first use of the rocket to carry satellites into space to the setting up of space stations，human beings have been putting great effort into space research.And so far，we have achieved many successes.But there are still numerous tasks in front of us and we should not stop trying to progress.
The International Space Station(ISS) is an important step we should take in space exploration.It is not only helpful but also essential.It provides a proper space environment for many experiments that we have wanted to do for a long time.It is also a base for the observations of the earth and the universe.It could also be an important base for later travel to the moon and Mars.In a word，if we want to explore space more，the first thing we should do is to set up a space station.
As the space station costs a lot of money，it is hard for one country alone to establish one.The USA seems to be the only country that has the ability to build a space station alone，and it has tried to do so，but not very successful.So it aggregated many other countries to work on it together.Though it is still extremely expensive，it is much cheaper than doing it alone.It is really a job that needs everyone’s effort and will benefit everyone.
Led by the US and Russia，the ISS is a joint project between six space agencies involving 16 countries.Called the greatest achievement in human cooperation，the ISS has come to the end of a tenyear’s hard work in construction.China has applied for participation in the project many times.Unfortunately all the applications were rejected，which drove China onto the path of independent development.As the Long March ⅡF/T1 carrier rocket blasted off and successfully carried Tiangong1 into space on September 29,2011，China took a big step towards its Space Station Era.
Some West media suggested that the successful launch of Tiangong1 would disturb the balance of global space power，raising concerns about “China threat”．China’s space project is not designed for military purpose but for developing space technology to explore space resources and make use of them for mankind’s wellbeing.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，讲述了国际空间站对人类探索太空起着非常重要的作用。国际空间站造价很高。现有的国际空间站是在美国和俄罗斯的领导下，由六个太空机构参与的一个联合项目，涉及16个国家。中国因多次申请参加该项目被拒而走上了独立发展的道路。
5．From Paragraph 2 we learn that .
A．the necessity of building the International Space Station is not realized now
B．many experiments have been done in the International Space Station
C．the International Space Station is necessary for people to explore space more
D．people have travelled to Mars from the International Space Station
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。由第二段前两句和第二段最后一句“In a word，if we want to explore space more，the first thing we should do is to set up a space station.”可推断出，第二段讲述了国际空间站对于人们更多地探索太空是很有必要的。故选C项。
6．The underlined word “aggregated” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by “ ”．
A．united B．scolded
C．allowed D．forbade
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。由第三段第一句和第三段中的“So it aggregated many other countries to work on it together.”可知，单靠一个国家建空间站是很难的，需要许多国家联合起来。由此可推知，画线词在此处意为“联合，团结”。故选A项。
7．Which of the following is NOT a reason for countries’ cooperation in building the International Space Station?
A．That it requires a lot of money.
B．That it needs everyone’s effort.
C．That it will benefit every participating country.
D．That it is too far away from the earth.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。由第三段第一句“As the space station costs a lot of money，it is hard for one country alone to establish one.”和第三段最后一句“It is really a job that needs everyone’s effort and will benefit everyone.”可知，A、B、C三项正确，只有D项未提及。故选D项。
8．China wants to build its space station in order to .
A．break the balance of global space power
B．show that China can build space station alone
C．raise international concerns about “China threat”
D．make use of space peacefully for mankind’s wellbeing
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。由最后一段最后一句可知，中国建空间站的目的是和平利用太空造福人类。故选D项。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Astronomy is the oldest science 1. (know) to man.Thousands of years ago man looked at the stars and wondered about the heavens.But man was 2. (limit) by the six planets that he could see only 3. his eyes alone.The Greeks studied astronomy over 2,000 years ago.They could see the size，colour，and 4. (bright) of a star.They could see its place in the sky.They watched the stars 5. (move) as the seasons changed.But the Greeks had no tools to help themselves study the heavens.Each new tool added to the field of astronomy helped man reach out into space.Man knew a little about the moon 6. there were telescopes.
He did not know that the planet called Saturn had 7. (ring) around it.His sight was
8. limited that he could not see all the planets.In the early 1700s，people thought there were only six planets.Before the spectroscope，man did not know what kind of gases 9. (be) around the sun or other stars.Without the radiotelescope，we did not know that radio noises came from far in space.Today，astronomy is a 10. (grow) science.We have learned more in the last fifty years than in the whole history of astronomy.
1．答案 known
解析 考查过去分词。the oldest science是know动作的承受者，故用过去分词known作定语，表示被动。故填known。
2．答案 limited
解析 考查被动语态。根据句意可知此处为被动语态，be limited by被……所限制。故填limited。
3．答案 with
解析 考查介词。用眼睛观察应用介词“with”。故填with。
4．答案 brightness
解析 考查名词。分析句子可知此处为and连接的三个并列的名词，brightness“亮度”。故填brightness。
5．答案 move
解析 考查非谓语动词。理解句意可知，本空并非表示看着星星正在移动，而是观看移动的整个过程，watch后跟省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。故填move。
6．答案 until
解析 考查连词。理解句意可知，此处应用until引导时间状语从句，故填until。
7．答案 rings
解析 考查名词复数。根据常识可知，土星有土星环，而且不止一个，故用名词ring“环行物”的复数形式。故填rings。
8．答案 so
解析 考查连词。根据句意结合空后的形容词limited可知，此处考查结果状语从句：so＋adj./adv.＋that从句。故填so。
9．答案 was
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。主句的时态是过去时，而且句子的主语是kind of gases，根据of前的kind确定从句谓语动词的单复数，故用一般过去时was。故填was。
10．答案 growing
解析 考查形容词。根据句意可知此处应用形容词作定语修饰science，growing表示“正在成长的”。故填growing。
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