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高中英语牛津译林版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Extended reading优质学案及答案
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这是一份高中英语牛津译林版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Extended reading优质学案及答案，共16页。
Period Five Extended reading & Other parts
Learning Aims(学习目标)
1．Grasp the main idea of the passage on P53－54(重点难点)
2．Learn the following language points：submit，emerge，assign(重点难点)
3．Learn the following language points：reserve，take shape，ban(重点)
Task 1 宏观架构 整体理解
Ⅰ.Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
Ⅱ.The main idea of the passage is about the introduction to the Silk Road.
Task 2 微观剖析 细节把握
1．From the first paragraph we can infer that .
A．the three countries’ joint efforts motivated other countries to pursue heritage applications
B．the Chang’an-Tianshan Corridor goes through Malaysia，Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan
C．other countries along the Silk Road have succeeded in finishing World Heritage applications
D．the Chang’an-Tianshan Corridor is a minor section of the extensive Silk Road network
答案 A
2．Where does the Silk Road end?
A．In the rolling valleys of Central Asia.
B．In the Mediterranean.
C．In the Tianshan Mountains.
D．In Chang’an.
答案 B
3．Why did the emperor assign Zhang Qian to go to the Western Regions?
A．To show the power of the Han Dynasty.
B．To give gifts to the Western Regions.
C．To conquer the Western Regions in the future.
D．To promote exchanges between the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions.
答案 D
4．Which of the following statements is RIGHT?
A．At the peak of the Silk Road development，silk was the main item in the trade list.
B．Astronomy and mathematics were introduced to China from India and Arabia.
C．China’s exports included silk，china，tea，cotton and grapes.
D．The Mogao Caves reflected the westward spread of Buddhism from India.
答案 B
5．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．The geography of the Silk Road.
B．The overall introduction of the Silk Road.
C．The trade and cultural exchanges of the Silk Road.
D．The significance of the Silk Road.
答案 D
They submitted the proposal which contained detailed research on the 33 sites along the corridor.(教材P53)
submit vt.& vi.提交，呈递；屈服
submit sth.to...向某人或组织呈交/递交……
submit (oneself) to...屈服于……
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①It’s vital that you should submit your reports to your professor before the deadline.
②They had no choice but to submit (themselves) to the court’s judgement in the end.
[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①Under no circumstances should we submit ourselves(we) to any difficulty.
②(应用文写作之征稿启事)You’d better submit the application before the deadline.
你最好在截止日期前提交申请。
Further west on the Silk Road，the geography gradually changes from wild deserts to high，snow-capped mountains to vast grasslands as the routes pass through the splendid Tianshan Mountains and emerge in the rolling valleys of Central Asia.(教材P53)
emerge vi.出现；暴露；露头
(1)emerge from自……出现；从……显露出来
emerge from sth.(从困境或苦难经历中)幸存下来/摆脱出来
It has emerged that...真相是……；事已清楚
(2)emergence n．出现，浮现；发生；露头
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①It’s widely acknowledged that a person’s hidden talent is not about to emerge very soon.
②If the astronaut misses this opportunity，he may never emerge from the dark cloud of failure.
③It has emerged that the minister hatched the plot last Friday.
[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①As the sun emerged from the black clouds，our hearts lifted for we could go out to play in the suburb again.
②The emergence(emerge) of the compass is of vital significance to ancient navigation.
③(应用文写作之议论文)It’s emerging from all the ups and downs in life that makes us stronger and stronger.
正是历经生活中所有的起伏才使我们变得越来越坚强。
Assigned by the emperor，the ambassador Zhang Qian journeyed from Chang’an to Central Asia，seeking to build bridges between the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions.(教材P53)
assign vt.指定，指派；分配；确定
(1)assign sth.to sb./assign sb.sth.给某人分配(某物)；分派，布置(工作、任务等)
assign sb.to do sth.分派某人做某事
(2)assignment n．分配；任务；作业；功课
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①They volunteer to be assigned to teach in rural areas because they are eager to help develop rural education.
②My first assignment as an amateur journalist was to interview a famous astronomer who was professional and had taken many admirable photographs.
[单句语法填空/句型转换]
①Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment(assign) at the office of a popular English newspaper.
②In view of the different foundations of the students，the teacher assigned a different task to each of them.
→In view of the different foundations of the students，the teacher assigned each of them a different task.
As a national park and nature reserve，Jiuzhaigou Valley，just north of the Sichuan Basin，is home to mighty snow-capped mountains，thick forests alive with wildlife，impressive waterfalls and lakes so blue that they take our breath away.(教材P50)
reserve n．自然保护区；储备 vt.预订；预留；保留
(1)nature reserve 自然保护区
reserve a room 预订房间
(2)reservation n．预订；保留
make a reservation预订(房间、座位等)
without reservation毫无保留地
①According to the judgement made by some experts，this nature reserve would have an extremely positive effect on the local ecosystem.
根据一些专家的判断，这个自然保护区将对当地的生态系统产生非常积极的影响。
②It’s wise to reserve a room in the hotel before you pay a visit to the urban area.
去市区参观前在旅馆预订一个房间是明智的做法。
③The captain insisted that he would accept my advice without reservation.
队长坚持说他会毫无保留地接受我的建议。
Following Zhang’s efforts，trade routes took shape and relationships were strengthened between the major powers of the time，with the routes network reaching as far as the Roman Empire.(教材P53)
take shape 成形，有了模样
(1)in the shape of...呈……的形状
in good shape身体健康
out of shape身体不好；变形
(2)be shaped like...形状像……
①In 1912 women’s events were added，and the modern Olympic programme began to take shape.
1912年增加了女子项目，现代奥林匹克运动会开始初具雏形。
②In the exhibition some sculptures were in the shape of fruits.
在展览中，有些雕塑是水果形状的。
③He is in good shape for a man of his age.
对他这个年龄的人来说，他这身体算是不错了。
④You have been sitting on my cap.Now it is out of shape.
你一直坐在我的帽子上。现在它变形了。
The introduction of non-native species is banned.(教材P55)
ban vt.明令禁止，取缔；禁止做某事 n．禁令
(1)ban sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事
(2)a ban on...……禁令
①(应用文写作之议论文)Recently，there has been a heated discussion about whether cellphones should be banned at school.
最近，关于是否应该在学校禁止使用手机有一场激烈的讨论。
②Meanwhile，the government has also imposed a ban on public advertising of cigarettes for years.
同时，政府多年来也禁止香烟的公共广告。
③Drivers should be banned from driving if they are found to break the traffic rules.
司机如果被发现违反交通规则，就应该被禁止驾驶车辆。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The architect decided to resign from the party rather than submit himself to the new disciplines.
2．I’m writing to express my sincere apology for my careless mistake in my assignment(assign)．
3．To preserve animals，animal rights groups are calling for a ban on all animal performances.
4．“It’s such a nice place，” the operator said as she sat at the table reserved(reserve) for her.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．By no means would they submit (themselves) to the violence in this conflict.
他们绝不会在这场冲突中向暴力屈服。
2．The woman complained about the task (which/that was) assigned to her.
这位女士抱怨分配给她的任务。
3．My niece called the restaurant and made a reservation in advance.
我侄女打电话给餐馆提前订了座位。
4．Then the man drew a picture shaped like a big banana.
然后这个人画了一张形状像一个大香蕉的画。
课时跟踪练四
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．No specialists forecast(预测) all the economic events that have taken place over the last two years.
2．Being a badtempered man，the minister would not tolerate having his lectures interrupted(打扰)．
3．Thirdly，China is a state that pursues(致力于) cooperation with other countries and lives in harmony with them.
4．Students shouldn’t be shy about reporting incidents of bullying to their parents or teachers.
5．The rapid expansion of cities can cause social and economic problems constantly，such as pollution and traffic problems.
6．Explorers even need to wear special masks to preserve themselves from the gases in these caves(山洞)．
7．With people’s life improving，millions of people travel each year in order to experience nature’s splendour/splendor.
8．It’s visible that Chinese are living rather well，in comparison with people elsewhere in the world.
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．Besides，consulting our teachers and parents can contribute to solving the problem.
2．I am proud of what I did and it shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.
3．Out of curiosity，the child wants to take apart the microscope to see what makes it work.
4．A plan was beginning to take shape as the crew argued violently
5. In addition to improving creativity，learning music will be useful to children throughout their lives.
6．The earth is home to every creature，and it’s our duty to protect the environment voluntarily.
7．As there is not much furniture in my house，the wooden box serves as both a bench and a table.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．锻炼不仅增强了我们的体质，而且还帮助我们集中精力学习。(not only...but also...)
Not only does taking exercise build up our body but it also helps us concentrate on our study.
2．尽管遇到许多困难，他们没有向生活屈服。 (submit)
In spite of meeting many difficulties，they didn’t submit (themselves) to life.
3．他被指派代表他的公司参加会议。(assign)
He was assigned to attend the meeting on behalf of his company.
4．他因为不礼貌而被禁止参加聚会。(ban)
He was banned from attending the party because of his bad manners.
5．中国将毫无保留地推动构建一个和平和谐的社会。(without reservation)
China will promote the building of a peaceful and harmonious society without reservation.
能力提升
Ⅳ.七选五
For thousands of years，salting was a common way to preserve food.Corned beef(咸牛肉)，bacon，green beans，and hundreds of other foods were preserved with salt. 1 Then，in the 1800s，a Frenchman named Louis Pasteur discovered the secret：bacteria.
What does salt have to do with bacteria？Two things：First，bacteria need moisture(水分) to grow and multiply.Salt pulls moisture out of food，so the bacteria die. 2 If you cover food with salt or very salty liquid，bacteria outside the food die before they get in，and bacteria already in the food are poisoned by the salt that goes inside.
3 For meat or fish，you pour on a layer of salt，then rub it in well，leaving a salt crust(盾) all over the outside.Hams are often made this way.Another way is to put food into very salty water，called brine(卤水)． 4 The salt will draw the moisture out of the food，creating a kind of brine that the food sits in.
Today，in most parts of the world，salting is no longer necessary. 5 But even though we no longer rely on salt to keep our food fresh，we haven’t lost our taste for salt.We don’t want to give up our bacon，corned beef or salted beans.
A．So how do you preserve food with salt?
B．Next，it can make food too salty to eat.
C．Second，salt is poisonous to many bacteria.
D．But for a long time，no one knew why salt worked.
E．You can alternate layers of food and salt in a big jar.
F．People buy food in cans，keep it in the refrigerator，or freeze it.
G．They use salt to preserve meat，fish，vegetables，and even fruit.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。几千年来，腌制是一种常见的保存食物的方法，文章主要介绍了腌制中盐所起的作用，如何用盐保存食物以及盐的用量的问题。
1．答案 D
解析 根据上文“几千年来，腌制是一种常见的保存食物的方法。咸牛肉、培根、四季豆和成百上千种其他食物都是用盐保存的”以及下文“然后，在19世纪，一位名叫路易斯·巴斯德的法国人发现了这个秘密：细菌”可知，D项“但是在很长一段时间里，没有人知道盐为什么起作用”承上启下，符合语境。故选D。
2．答案 C
解析 分析本段可知，本段主要讲述了为什么盐会杀死细菌。再根据上文“首先，细菌需要水分才能生长和繁殖。盐会吸走食物中的水分，所以细菌就会死亡”可知，C项“其次，盐对许多细菌都是有毒的”承接上文，符合语境。故选C。
3．答案 A
解析 根据下文“对于肉或鱼，你倒上一层盐，然后很好地揉进去，在外面留下一层盐皮。火腿通常是这样做的。另一种方法是将食物放入非常咸的水中，称为卤水”可知，本段主要讲述人用盐保存食物的方法。故A项“那你怎么用盐保存食物呢？”能够概括段落大意，符合语境。故选A。
4．答案 E
解析 根据上文“另一种方法是将食物放入非常咸的水中，称为卤水”以及下文“盐会把食物中的水分吸走，形成一种食物可以浸泡在里面的卤水”可知，E项“你可以在一个大罐子里交替放置食物和盐”承上启下，符合语境。故选E。
5．答案 F
解析 根据上文“今天，在世界上大多数地区，腌制不再是必要的”以及下文“但是，即使我们不再依赖盐来保持食物的新鲜，我们也没有失去对盐的喜爱”可知，F项“人们买罐装食品，把它放在冰箱里，或者冷藏起来”承上启下，符合语境。故选F。
Ⅴ.完形填空
In 2014，the Varkey Foundation established the Global Teacher Prize.It is to reawaken the world’s 1 and importance of teachers.
This year’s Prize 2 Disale，a primary school teacher from India.Shortly after the 3
in London，Disale announced that he intended to 4 half of the prize money with the other nine cofinalists.He wanted them to 5 and lighten the lives of more students.
Back in 2007，Disale had to enroll(加入) in a teachertraining program 6 after being refused by an engineering university of his choice.However，he soon realized the impact educators could make on 7 lives.After graduating，he accepted a 8 in a tiny village.The school building was far from satisfactory.What’s worse，the villagers 9 education，especially for girls.Even the courses were not written in the native language，Kannada.
Disale stepped up to the 10 by first learning Kannada himself and then translating all the textbooks into the native language.He even organized afterschool “Edutainment” activities to awaken the students’ 11 .
His 12 have paid off and extended(延伸) beyond his tiny village.Today，his tiny school has 13 100 percent attendance from girls.His project，Let’s Cross the Borders, is designed to build 14 between young people in conflict zones.
Given his commitment，it is 15 that he has received the prize.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。2020年全球教师奖颁给了印度乡村教师迪塞尔，他为乡村教育事业做出了巨大贡献。
1．A.imagination B．appreciation
C．delight D．discussion
答案 B
解析 imagination想象；appreciation感激；delight高兴；discussion讨论。根据“and importance of teachers”可知，设立全球教师奖的目的是唤起全世界对教师的感激和重视。故选B。
2．A.went to B．appealed to
C．turned to D．tended to
答案 A
解析 go to由……得到，被授予……；appeal to对某人有吸引力；turn to转向，求助于；tend to照顾。根据“Disale announced that he intended to half of the prize money with the other nine cofinalists.”可知，今年的全球教师奖授予了迪塞尔。故选A。
3．A.calculation B．visit
C．ceremony D．arrangement
答案 C
解析 calculation计算；visit参观；ceremony典礼；arrangement安排。根据语境可知，此处是说迪塞尔在颁奖典礼后宣布分享他的奖金。故选C。
4．A.exchange B．spend
C．share D．save
答案 C
解析 exchange交换；spend花费；share分享；save拯救。share sth.with sb.和某人分享某物。根据“He wanted them to and lighten the lives of more students.”可知，迪塞尔宣布分享自己奖金的一半。故选C。
5．A.stand out B．show up
C．come up D．reach out
答案 D
解析 stand out显眼；show up露面；come up走近；reach out伸出援手。根据“and lighten the lives of more students”可知，他希望其他9位决赛选手能够伸出援手帮助更多的学生。故选D。
6．A.particularly B．happily
C．unwisely D．unwillingly
答案 D
解析 particularly尤其；happily快乐地；unwisely愚笨地；unwillingly不情愿地。根据“after being refused by an engineering university of his choice”可知，迪塞尔是申请被拒绝之后，才不情愿地参加教师培训项目的。故选D。
7．A.young B．fragile
C．lonely D．common
答案 A
解析 young年轻的；fragile易碎的；lonely孤独的；common常见的。根据“He wanted them to and lighten the lives of more students.”可知，学生大多数都是年轻人，所以是教育工作者对年轻人的影响。故选A。
8．A.title B．position
C．reward D．promotion
答案 B
解析 title头衔；position职位；reward报答；promotion提升。根据语境可知，迪塞尔接受了一个小村庄的教师岗位。故选B。
9．A.doubted B．chose
C．assessed D．balanced
答案 A
解析 doubt怀疑；choose选择；assess评估；balance平衡。根据“especially for girls”和“Even the courses were not written in the native language，Kannada.”可知，当地人怀疑当时的教育。故选A。
10．A.challenge B．fame
C．standard D．danger
答案 A
解析 challenge挑战；fame名声；standard标准；danger危险。根据“by first learning Kannada himself and then translating all the textbooks into the native language”可知，迪塞尔开始接受各种挑战。故选A。
11．A.memory B．curiosity
C．tolerance D．sympathy
答案 B
解析 memory记忆；curiosity好奇；tolerance容忍；sympathy同情。根据“He even organized afterschool ‘Edutainment’ activities ”可知，迪塞尔组织课外“寓教于乐”活动的目的是激发学生的好奇心。故选B。
12．A.skills B．ambitions
C．bets D．efforts
答案 D
解析 skill技巧；ambition雄心；bet打赌；effort努力。根据“have paid off and extended(延伸) beyond his tiny village”可知，迪塞尔的努力得到了回报。故选D。
13．A.required B．forced
C．achieved D．supported
答案 C
解析 require要求；force强迫；achieve获得，达到；support支持。根据“What’s worse，the villagers education，especially for girls.”可知，与上文对照，现在的女生出勤率达到了100%。故选C。
14．A.courage B．peace
C．truth D．mercy
答案 B
解析 courage勇气；peace和平；truth事实；mercy宽恕。根据“between young people in conflict zones”可知，迪塞尔的“让我们跨越边界”项目旨在在冲突地区的年轻人之间建立和平。故选B。
15．A.surprising B．legal
C．interesting D．natural
答案 D
解析 surprising令人惊讶的；legal合法的；interesting有趣的；natural自然的。根据“Given his commitment”可知，迪塞尔获奖是很自然的。故选D。
Ⅵ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
At noon that day，I drove back to my house after the performance.Just as I entered the living room，I heard a gentle sound coming from the bedroom upstairs—it was the sound of my favorite violin.
“Thief！”
I dashed upstairs.Sure enough，as expected，a boy of about 12 years old was petting my violin.The boy had messy hair and a thin face，his oversized coat seemingly filled with something.At first glance，I found a new pair of shoes missing.It seemed that he was surely a thief.
Then，I saw his eyes full of fear and despair.My anger was immediately replaced by a smile.I asked，“Are you Mr Ram’s nephew，Michael？I’m his housekeeper.Two days ago，I heard his nephew living in the countryside would come.It must be you.You’re really like him！”
On hearing my words，the boy was first astonished，but then quickly said，“Has my uncle gone out？I think I’d better first go out for a walk and visit him again in a while.”
I nodded and asked the boy who was preparing to put down the violin，“Do you like playing the violin so much？”
“Yes，but I’m so poor that I can’t afford it，” the boy replied.
“Then，I give this violin to you.” The boy looked at me questioningly，but he picked up the violin.Going out to the living room，he suddenly saw on the wall my huge color photo of me performing in the Sydney Opera House.He involuntarily trembled for a moment and ran out without looking back.
I was sure that the boy had understood what happened because no one would decorate the living room with the housekeeper’s photo.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
A few years later，I was invited to be a judge at a music competition of senior high school students._______________________________________________________________________
After the competition，“Michael” ran to me，holding a violin box.
参考范文
A few years later，I was invited to be a judge at a music competition of senior high school students.Fascinated by the gentle sound of one participant，I was wholeheartedly impressed by his wonderful performance and solid strength.As I flicked my eyes up to glance at the performer，I was so astonished to see a thin face，so familiar，yet now lit up with joy and confidence.The “thief”！ For an instant，I was amazed that the kindness I offered to cover the boy’s misconduct would make such a big difference!
After the competition，“Michael” ran to me，holding a violin box.He asked with a tremble in his voice，with his thin face reddening with excitement，“Sir，do you recognize me？The nephew! It’s your kindness that enlightens my life，so does your violin.Today，I can give back this violin to you without regret...” Tears welled up in my eyes.Never had I anticipated that a tiny white lie would inject such great power into others and change their life.
Period Five Extended reading & Other parts
Learning Aims(学习目标)
1．Grasp the main idea of the passage on P53－54(重点难点)
2．Learn the following language points：submit，emerge，assign(重点难点)
3．Learn the following language points：reserve，take shape，ban(重点)
Task 1 宏观架构 整体理解
Ⅰ.Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
Ⅱ.The main idea of the passage is about the introduction to the Silk Road.
Task 2 微观剖析 细节把握
1．From the first paragraph we can infer that .
A．the three countries’ joint efforts motivated other countries to pursue heritage applications
B．the Chang’an-Tianshan Corridor goes through Malaysia，Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan
C．other countries along the Silk Road have succeeded in finishing World Heritage applications
D．the Chang’an-Tianshan Corridor is a minor section of the extensive Silk Road network
答案 A
2．Where does the Silk Road end?
A．In the rolling valleys of Central Asia.
B．In the Mediterranean.
C．In the Tianshan Mountains.
D．In Chang’an.
答案 B
3．Why did the emperor assign Zhang Qian to go to the Western Regions?
A．To show the power of the Han Dynasty.
B．To give gifts to the Western Regions.
C．To conquer the Western Regions in the future.
D．To promote exchanges between the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions.
答案 D
4．Which of the following statements is RIGHT?
A．At the peak of the Silk Road development，silk was the main item in the trade list.
B．Astronomy and mathematics were introduced to China from India and Arabia.
C．China’s exports included silk，china，tea，cotton and grapes.
D．The Mogao Caves reflected the westward spread of Buddhism from India.
答案 B
5．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．The geography of the Silk Road.
B．The overall introduction of the Silk Road.
C．The trade and cultural exchanges of the Silk Road.
D．The significance of the Silk Road.
答案 D
They submitted the proposal which contained detailed research on the 33 sites along the corridor.(教材P53)
submit vt.& vi.提交，呈递；屈服
submit sth.to...向某人或组织呈交/递交……
submit (oneself) to...屈服于……
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①It’s vital that you should submit your reports to your professor before the deadline.
②They had no choice but to submit (themselves) to the court’s judgement in the end.
[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①Under no circumstances should we submit ourselves(we) to any difficulty.
②(应用文写作之征稿启事)You’d better submit the application before the deadline.
你最好在截止日期前提交申请。
Further west on the Silk Road，the geography gradually changes from wild deserts to high，snow-capped mountains to vast grasslands as the routes pass through the splendid Tianshan Mountains and emerge in the rolling valleys of Central Asia.(教材P53)
emerge vi.出现；暴露；露头
(1)emerge from自……出现；从……显露出来
emerge from sth.(从困境或苦难经历中)幸存下来/摆脱出来
It has emerged that...真相是……；事已清楚
(2)emergence n．出现，浮现；发生；露头
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①It’s widely acknowledged that a person’s hidden talent is not about to emerge very soon.
②If the astronaut misses this opportunity，he may never emerge from the dark cloud of failure.
③It has emerged that the minister hatched the plot last Friday.
[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①As the sun emerged from the black clouds，our hearts lifted for we could go out to play in the suburb again.
②The emergence(emerge) of the compass is of vital significance to ancient navigation.
③(应用文写作之议论文)It’s emerging from all the ups and downs in life that makes us stronger and stronger.
正是历经生活中所有的起伏才使我们变得越来越坚强。
Assigned by the emperor，the ambassador Zhang Qian journeyed from Chang’an to Central Asia，seeking to build bridges between the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions.(教材P53)
assign vt.指定，指派；分配；确定
(1)assign sth.to sb./assign sb.sth.给某人分配(某物)；分派，布置(工作、任务等)
assign sb.to do sth.分派某人做某事
(2)assignment n．分配；任务；作业；功课
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①They volunteer to be assigned to teach in rural areas because they are eager to help develop rural education.
②My first assignment as an amateur journalist was to interview a famous astronomer who was professional and had taken many admirable photographs.
[单句语法填空/句型转换]
①Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment(assign) at the office of a popular English newspaper.
②In view of the different foundations of the students，the teacher assigned a different task to each of them.
→In view of the different foundations of the students，the teacher assigned each of them a different task.
As a national park and nature reserve，Jiuzhaigou Valley，just north of the Sichuan Basin，is home to mighty snow-capped mountains，thick forests alive with wildlife，impressive waterfalls and lakes so blue that they take our breath away.(教材P50)
reserve n．自然保护区；储备 vt.预订；预留；保留
(1)nature reserve 自然保护区
reserve a room 预订房间
(2)reservation n．预订；保留
make a reservation预订(房间、座位等)
without reservation毫无保留地
①According to the judgement made by some experts，this nature reserve would have an extremely positive effect on the local ecosystem.
根据一些专家的判断，这个自然保护区将对当地的生态系统产生非常积极的影响。
②It’s wise to reserve a room in the hotel before you pay a visit to the urban area.
去市区参观前在旅馆预订一个房间是明智的做法。
③The captain insisted that he would accept my advice without reservation.
队长坚持说他会毫无保留地接受我的建议。
Following Zhang’s efforts，trade routes took shape and relationships were strengthened between the major powers of the time，with the routes network reaching as far as the Roman Empire.(教材P53)
take shape 成形，有了模样
(1)in the shape of...呈……的形状
in good shape身体健康
out of shape身体不好；变形
(2)be shaped like...形状像……
①In 1912 women’s events were added，and the modern Olympic programme began to take shape.
1912年增加了女子项目，现代奥林匹克运动会开始初具雏形。
②In the exhibition some sculptures were in the shape of fruits.
在展览中，有些雕塑是水果形状的。
③He is in good shape for a man of his age.
对他这个年龄的人来说，他这身体算是不错了。
④You have been sitting on my cap.Now it is out of shape.
你一直坐在我的帽子上。现在它变形了。
The introduction of non-native species is banned.(教材P55)
ban vt.明令禁止，取缔；禁止做某事 n．禁令
(1)ban sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事
(2)a ban on...……禁令
①(应用文写作之议论文)Recently，there has been a heated discussion about whether cellphones should be banned at school.
最近，关于是否应该在学校禁止使用手机有一场激烈的讨论。
②Meanwhile，the government has also imposed a ban on public advertising of cigarettes for years.
同时，政府多年来也禁止香烟的公共广告。
③Drivers should be banned from driving if they are found to break the traffic rules.
司机如果被发现违反交通规则，就应该被禁止驾驶车辆。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The architect decided to resign from the party rather than submit himself to the new disciplines.
2．I’m writing to express my sincere apology for my careless mistake in my assignment(assign)．
3．To preserve animals，animal rights groups are calling for a ban on all animal performances.
4．“It’s such a nice place，” the operator said as she sat at the table reserved(reserve) for her.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．By no means would they submit (themselves) to the violence in this conflict.
他们绝不会在这场冲突中向暴力屈服。
2．The woman complained about the task (which/that was) assigned to her.
这位女士抱怨分配给她的任务。
3．My niece called the restaurant and made a reservation in advance.
我侄女打电话给餐馆提前订了座位。
4．Then the man drew a picture shaped like a big banana.
然后这个人画了一张形状像一个大香蕉的画。
课时跟踪练四
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．No specialists forecast(预测) all the economic events that have taken place over the last two years.
2．Being a badtempered man，the minister would not tolerate having his lectures interrupted(打扰)．
3．Thirdly，China is a state that pursues(致力于) cooperation with other countries and lives in harmony with them.
4．Students shouldn’t be shy about reporting incidents of bullying to their parents or teachers.
5．The rapid expansion of cities can cause social and economic problems constantly，such as pollution and traffic problems.
6．Explorers even need to wear special masks to preserve themselves from the gases in these caves(山洞)．
7．With people’s life improving，millions of people travel each year in order to experience nature’s splendour/splendor.
8．It’s visible that Chinese are living rather well，in comparison with people elsewhere in the world.
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．Besides，consulting our teachers and parents can contribute to solving the problem.
2．I am proud of what I did and it shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.
3．Out of curiosity，the child wants to take apart the microscope to see what makes it work.
4．A plan was beginning to take shape as the crew argued violently
5. In addition to improving creativity，learning music will be useful to children throughout their lives.
6．The earth is home to every creature，and it’s our duty to protect the environment voluntarily.
7．As there is not much furniture in my house，the wooden box serves as both a bench and a table.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．锻炼不仅增强了我们的体质，而且还帮助我们集中精力学习。(not only...but also...)
Not only does taking exercise build up our body but it also helps us concentrate on our study.
2．尽管遇到许多困难，他们没有向生活屈服。 (submit)
In spite of meeting many difficulties，they didn’t submit (themselves) to life.
3．他被指派代表他的公司参加会议。(assign)
He was assigned to attend the meeting on behalf of his company.
4．他因为不礼貌而被禁止参加聚会。(ban)
He was banned from attending the party because of his bad manners.
5．中国将毫无保留地推动构建一个和平和谐的社会。(without reservation)
China will promote the building of a peaceful and harmonious society without reservation.
能力提升
Ⅳ.七选五
For thousands of years，salting was a common way to preserve food.Corned beef(咸牛肉)，bacon，green beans，and hundreds of other foods were preserved with salt. 1 Then，in the 1800s，a Frenchman named Louis Pasteur discovered the secret：bacteria.
What does salt have to do with bacteria？Two things：First，bacteria need moisture(水分) to grow and multiply.Salt pulls moisture out of food，so the bacteria die. 2 If you cover food with salt or very salty liquid，bacteria outside the food die before they get in，and bacteria already in the food are poisoned by the salt that goes inside.
3 For meat or fish，you pour on a layer of salt，then rub it in well，leaving a salt crust(盾) all over the outside.Hams are often made this way.Another way is to put food into very salty water，called brine(卤水)． 4 The salt will draw the moisture out of the food，creating a kind of brine that the food sits in.
Today，in most parts of the world，salting is no longer necessary. 5 But even though we no longer rely on salt to keep our food fresh，we haven’t lost our taste for salt.We don’t want to give up our bacon，corned beef or salted beans.
A．So how do you preserve food with salt?
B．Next，it can make food too salty to eat.
C．Second，salt is poisonous to many bacteria.
D．But for a long time，no one knew why salt worked.
E．You can alternate layers of food and salt in a big jar.
F．People buy food in cans，keep it in the refrigerator，or freeze it.
G．They use salt to preserve meat，fish，vegetables，and even fruit.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。几千年来，腌制是一种常见的保存食物的方法，文章主要介绍了腌制中盐所起的作用，如何用盐保存食物以及盐的用量的问题。
1．答案 D
解析 根据上文“几千年来，腌制是一种常见的保存食物的方法。咸牛肉、培根、四季豆和成百上千种其他食物都是用盐保存的”以及下文“然后，在19世纪，一位名叫路易斯·巴斯德的法国人发现了这个秘密：细菌”可知，D项“但是在很长一段时间里，没有人知道盐为什么起作用”承上启下，符合语境。故选D。
2．答案 C
解析 分析本段可知，本段主要讲述了为什么盐会杀死细菌。再根据上文“首先，细菌需要水分才能生长和繁殖。盐会吸走食物中的水分，所以细菌就会死亡”可知，C项“其次，盐对许多细菌都是有毒的”承接上文，符合语境。故选C。
3．答案 A
解析 根据下文“对于肉或鱼，你倒上一层盐，然后很好地揉进去，在外面留下一层盐皮。火腿通常是这样做的。另一种方法是将食物放入非常咸的水中，称为卤水”可知，本段主要讲述人用盐保存食物的方法。故A项“那你怎么用盐保存食物呢？”能够概括段落大意，符合语境。故选A。
4．答案 E
解析 根据上文“另一种方法是将食物放入非常咸的水中，称为卤水”以及下文“盐会把食物中的水分吸走，形成一种食物可以浸泡在里面的卤水”可知，E项“你可以在一个大罐子里交替放置食物和盐”承上启下，符合语境。故选E。
5．答案 F
解析 根据上文“今天，在世界上大多数地区，腌制不再是必要的”以及下文“但是，即使我们不再依赖盐来保持食物的新鲜，我们也没有失去对盐的喜爱”可知，F项“人们买罐装食品，把它放在冰箱里，或者冷藏起来”承上启下，符合语境。故选F。
Ⅴ.完形填空
In 2014，the Varkey Foundation established the Global Teacher Prize.It is to reawaken the world’s 1 and importance of teachers.
This year’s Prize 2 Disale，a primary school teacher from India.Shortly after the 3
in London，Disale announced that he intended to 4 half of the prize money with the other nine cofinalists.He wanted them to 5 and lighten the lives of more students.
Back in 2007，Disale had to enroll(加入) in a teachertraining program 6 after being refused by an engineering university of his choice.However，he soon realized the impact educators could make on 7 lives.After graduating，he accepted a 8 in a tiny village.The school building was far from satisfactory.What’s worse，the villagers 9 education，especially for girls.Even the courses were not written in the native language，Kannada.
Disale stepped up to the 10 by first learning Kannada himself and then translating all the textbooks into the native language.He even organized afterschool “Edutainment” activities to awaken the students’ 11 .
His 12 have paid off and extended(延伸) beyond his tiny village.Today，his tiny school has 13 100 percent attendance from girls.His project，Let’s Cross the Borders, is designed to build 14 between young people in conflict zones.
Given his commitment，it is 15 that he has received the prize.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。2020年全球教师奖颁给了印度乡村教师迪塞尔，他为乡村教育事业做出了巨大贡献。
1．A.imagination B．appreciation
C．delight D．discussion
答案 B
解析 imagination想象；appreciation感激；delight高兴；discussion讨论。根据“and importance of teachers”可知，设立全球教师奖的目的是唤起全世界对教师的感激和重视。故选B。
2．A.went to B．appealed to
C．turned to D．tended to
答案 A
解析 go to由……得到，被授予……；appeal to对某人有吸引力；turn to转向，求助于；tend to照顾。根据“Disale announced that he intended to half of the prize money with the other nine cofinalists.”可知，今年的全球教师奖授予了迪塞尔。故选A。
3．A.calculation B．visit
C．ceremony D．arrangement
答案 C
解析 calculation计算；visit参观；ceremony典礼；arrangement安排。根据语境可知，此处是说迪塞尔在颁奖典礼后宣布分享他的奖金。故选C。
4．A.exchange B．spend
C．share D．save
答案 C
解析 exchange交换；spend花费；share分享；save拯救。share sth.with sb.和某人分享某物。根据“He wanted them to and lighten the lives of more students.”可知，迪塞尔宣布分享自己奖金的一半。故选C。
5．A.stand out B．show up
C．come up D．reach out
答案 D
解析 stand out显眼；show up露面；come up走近；reach out伸出援手。根据“and lighten the lives of more students”可知，他希望其他9位决赛选手能够伸出援手帮助更多的学生。故选D。
6．A.particularly B．happily
C．unwisely D．unwillingly
答案 D
解析 particularly尤其；happily快乐地；unwisely愚笨地；unwillingly不情愿地。根据“after being refused by an engineering university of his choice”可知，迪塞尔是申请被拒绝之后，才不情愿地参加教师培训项目的。故选D。
7．A.young B．fragile
C．lonely D．common
答案 A
解析 young年轻的；fragile易碎的；lonely孤独的；common常见的。根据“He wanted them to and lighten the lives of more students.”可知，学生大多数都是年轻人，所以是教育工作者对年轻人的影响。故选A。
8．A.title B．position
C．reward D．promotion
答案 B
解析 title头衔；position职位；reward报答；promotion提升。根据语境可知，迪塞尔接受了一个小村庄的教师岗位。故选B。
9．A.doubted B．chose
C．assessed D．balanced
答案 A
解析 doubt怀疑；choose选择；assess评估；balance平衡。根据“especially for girls”和“Even the courses were not written in the native language，Kannada.”可知，当地人怀疑当时的教育。故选A。
10．A.challenge B．fame
C．standard D．danger
答案 A
解析 challenge挑战；fame名声；standard标准；danger危险。根据“by first learning Kannada himself and then translating all the textbooks into the native language”可知，迪塞尔开始接受各种挑战。故选A。
11．A.memory B．curiosity
C．tolerance D．sympathy
答案 B
解析 memory记忆；curiosity好奇；tolerance容忍；sympathy同情。根据“He even organized afterschool ‘Edutainment’ activities ”可知，迪塞尔组织课外“寓教于乐”活动的目的是激发学生的好奇心。故选B。
12．A.skills B．ambitions
C．bets D．efforts
答案 D
解析 skill技巧；ambition雄心；bet打赌；effort努力。根据“have paid off and extended(延伸) beyond his tiny village”可知，迪塞尔的努力得到了回报。故选D。
13．A.required B．forced
C．achieved D．supported
答案 C
解析 require要求；force强迫；achieve获得，达到；support支持。根据“What’s worse，the villagers education，especially for girls.”可知，与上文对照，现在的女生出勤率达到了100%。故选C。
14．A.courage B．peace
C．truth D．mercy
答案 B
解析 courage勇气；peace和平；truth事实；mercy宽恕。根据“between young people in conflict zones”可知，迪塞尔的“让我们跨越边界”项目旨在在冲突地区的年轻人之间建立和平。故选B。
15．A.surprising B．legal
C．interesting D．natural
答案 D
解析 surprising令人惊讶的；legal合法的；interesting有趣的；natural自然的。根据“Given his commitment”可知，迪塞尔获奖是很自然的。故选D。
Ⅵ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
At noon that day，I drove back to my house after the performance.Just as I entered the living room，I heard a gentle sound coming from the bedroom upstairs—it was the sound of my favorite violin.
“Thief！”
I dashed upstairs.Sure enough，as expected，a boy of about 12 years old was petting my violin.The boy had messy hair and a thin face，his oversized coat seemingly filled with something.At first glance，I found a new pair of shoes missing.It seemed that he was surely a thief.
Then，I saw his eyes full of fear and despair.My anger was immediately replaced by a smile.I asked，“Are you Mr Ram’s nephew，Michael？I’m his housekeeper.Two days ago，I heard his nephew living in the countryside would come.It must be you.You’re really like him！”
On hearing my words，the boy was first astonished，but then quickly said，“Has my uncle gone out？I think I’d better first go out for a walk and visit him again in a while.”
I nodded and asked the boy who was preparing to put down the violin，“Do you like playing the violin so much？”
“Yes，but I’m so poor that I can’t afford it，” the boy replied.
“Then，I give this violin to you.” The boy looked at me questioningly，but he picked up the violin.Going out to the living room，he suddenly saw on the wall my huge color photo of me performing in the Sydney Opera House.He involuntarily trembled for a moment and ran out without looking back.
I was sure that the boy had understood what happened because no one would decorate the living room with the housekeeper’s photo.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
A few years later，I was invited to be a judge at a music competition of senior high school students._______________________________________________________________________
After the competition，“Michael” ran to me，holding a violin box.
参考范文
A few years later，I was invited to be a judge at a music competition of senior high school students.Fascinated by the gentle sound of one participant，I was wholeheartedly impressed by his wonderful performance and solid strength.As I flicked my eyes up to glance at the performer，I was so astonished to see a thin face，so familiar，yet now lit up with joy and confidence.The “thief”！ For an instant，I was amazed that the kindness I offered to cover the boy’s misconduct would make such a big difference!
After the competition，“Michael” ran to me，holding a violin box.He asked with a tremble in his voice，with his thin face reddening with excitement，“Sir，do you recognize me？The nephew! It’s your kindness that enlightens my life，so does your violin.Today，I can give back this violin to you without regret...” Tears welled up in my eyes.Never had I anticipated that a tiny white lie would inject such great power into others and change their life.
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